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Over-the-top media service

January 20, 2023

An over-the-top (OTT) media service is a media service offered directly to viewers via the Internet. OTT bypasses cable, broadcast, and satellite television platforms: the types of companies that traditionally act as controllers or distributors of such content.[1] It has also been used to describe no-carrier cellphones, for which all communications are charged as data,[2] avoiding monopolistic competition, or apps for phones that transmit data in this manner, including both those that replace other call methods[3][4] and those that update software.[4][5][6]

The term is most synonymous with subscription-based video on demand (SVoD) services that offer access to film and television content (including existing shows and movies for which rights have been acquired from the content owner, as well as original content produced specifically for the service).[6]

OTT also encompasses a wave of "skinny" television services that offer access to live streams of linear specialty channels, similar to a traditional satellite or cable TV provider, but streamed over the public Internet, rather than a closed, private network with proprietary equipment such as set-top boxes.[7]

Over-the-top services are typically accessed via websites on personal computers, as well as via apps on mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets), digital media players (including video game consoles), or televisions with integrated Smart TV platforms.[8]

Definitions

In 2011, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), Canada's telecom regulator, stated that it "considers that Internet access to programming independent of a facility or network dedicated to its delivery (via, for example, cable or satellite) is the defining feature of what has been termed 'over-the-top' services".[9]

In contrast to video on demand video-delivery systems offered by cable and IPTV, which are tightly managed networks where channels can be changed instantly, some OTT services such as iTunes require that the video be downloaded first and then played,[10] while other OTT players such as Netflix, Hulu, Peacock, Disney+, HBO Max, Discovery+, Paramount+, and Amazon Prime Video, offer movie downloads that start playing before the download completes (streaming).[11]

The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) categorizes the OTT services into two groups: multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs); and online video distributors (OVDs).[12][13]

Virtual MVPDs include such varied services as DirecTV Stream, FuboTV, Sling TV, Hulu + Live TV, and YouTube TV.

The FCC defined an OVD as:[12]

any entity that provides video programming by means of the Internet or other Internet Protocol (IP)-based transmission path where the transmission path is provided by a person other than the OVD. An OVD does not include an MVPD inside its MVPD footprint or an MVPD to the extent it is offering online video programming as a component of an MVPD subscription to customers whose homes are inside its MVPD footprint.

Background

In broadcasting, over-the-top (OTT) content is the audio, video, and other media content delivered over the Internet, without the involvement of a multiple-system operator (MSO) in the control or distribution of the content. The Internet provider may be aware of the contents of the Internet Protocol (IP) packets but is not responsible for, nor able to control, the viewing abilities, copyrights, and/or other redistribution of the content. This model contrasts with the purchasing or rental of video or audio content from an Internet service provider (ISP), such as pay television, video on demand, and from internet protocol television (IPTV).[14] OTT refers to content from a third party that is delivered to an end-user, with the ISP simply transporting IP packets.[15][16][17][18]

Types of content

OTT television, usually called online television, Internet television or streaming television, remains the most popular OTT content. This signal is received over the Internet or through a cell phone network, as opposed to receiving the television signal from a terrestrial broadcast or satellite. The video distributor controls access through an app, a separate OTT dongle, or a box connected to a phone, PC, or smart television set. By mid-2017, 58 percent of US households would access one in a given month, and advertising revenues from OTT channels exceeded those from web browser plug-ins.[19]

The record of simultaneous users watching an OTT event was set at 18.6 million by Disney's Indian video streaming platform Hotstar.[20]

OTT messaging is defined as instant messaging services or online chat provided by third parties, as an alternative to text messaging services provided by a mobile network operator.[21][22] An example is the Facebook-owned mobile application WhatsApp, that serves to replace text messaging on Internet connected smartphones.[23][24] Other providers of OTT messaging include Viber, WeChat, iMessage, Skype, Telegram and the now defunct Google Allo.[25]

OTT voice calling, usually called VoIP, capabilities, for instance, as provided by FaceTime, Skype, Viber, WhatsApp, WeChat, and Zoom use open internet communication protocols to replace and sometimes enhance existing operator controlled services offered by mobile phone operators.[24]

Modes of access

Consumers can access OTT content through Internet-connected devices such as phones (including Android and iOS mobile devices), smart TVs (such as Google TV, Roku TV, and LG Electronics' Channel Plus),[26] set-top boxes (such as Apple TV, Nvidia Shield, Fire TV, and Roku), gaming consoles (such as the PlayStation 4, Wii U, Xbox One, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X/S), tablets, and desktop and laptop computers. As of 2019, Android and iOS users make up more than 45% of the total OTT content streaming audience, while 39% of users use the web to access OTT content.[27]

See also

References

  1. ^ Jarvey, Natalie (15 September 2017). "Can CBS Change the Streaming Game With 'Star Trek: Discovery'?". The Holywood Reporter. from the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  2. ^ Weaver, Todd (1 August 2019). "What a No-Carrier Phone Could Look Like". Purism.
  3. ^ Fitchard, Kevin (3 November 2014). "Can you hear me now? Verizon, AT&T to make voice-over-LTE interoperable in 2015". gigaom.com.
  4. ^ a b "Why Startups Are Beating Carriers (Or The Curious Case Of The Premium SMS Horoscope Service & The Lack Of Customer Consent)". TechCrunch. 25 March 2013.
  5. ^ "A Closer Look At Blackphone, The Android Smartphone That Simplifies Privacy". TechCrunch. 26 February 2014.
  6. ^ a b Tariq, Haseeb. "Council Post: What Is OTT Advertising, And Why Is It A Trend?". Forbes.
  7. ^ "Pluto TV - It's Free TV". Pluto TV. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  8. ^ "Pluto TV - It's Free TV". Pluto TV. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  9. ^ (CRTC), Government of Canada, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (3 October 2011). "Results of the fact-finding exercise on the over-the-top programming services". www.crtc.gc.ca. from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  10. ^ Gibbon, David C., and Liu, Zhu (2008). Introduction to Video Search Engines. Washington, DC: Federal Communications Commission (FCC). p. 251. Bibcode:2008ivse.book.....G.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Cansado, Jose Miguel (13 October 2008). "Will Internet TV Kill IPTV?". from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  12. ^ a b FCC (6 May 2016). Annual Assessment of the Status of Competition in the Market for the Delivery of Video Programming [Seventeenth Report; MB Docket No. 15-158; DA 16-510] (PDF) (Report). Washington, DC: Federal Communications Commission (FCC). pp. 4417–4587. (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
  13. ^ "FCC Officially Launches OVD Definition NPRM". Broadcasting & Cable. 19 December 2014. from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  14. ^ IPTV is the delivery of television content using signals based on the logical Internet protocol (IP), rather than through traditional terrestrial, satellite signal, and cable television formats.
  15. ^ Hansell, Saul (3 March 2009). "Time Warner Goes Over the Top". The New York Times. from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  16. ^ . Electronic Component News. 19 November 2009. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012.
  17. ^ "Why 2011 Is Being Called The Year Of "The Cable Cut"". Business Insider. 30 December 2010. from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  18. ^ "Who Is Playing The OTT Game And How To Win It". Business Insider. 30 December 2010. from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  19. ^ Andrew Orlowski; Can the last person watching desktop video please turn out the light? 2017-08-08 at the Wayback Machine, The Register, 8 Aug 2017 (retrieved 8 Aug 2017).
  20. ^ Manish Singh; Disney’s Indian streaming service, sets new global record for live viewership, Techcrunch, 12 May 2019 (retrieved 12 May 2019).
  21. ^ "Chart of the Day: Mobile Messaging". Business Insider. 17 May 2013. from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  22. ^ Maytom, Tim (4 August 2014). "Over-The-Top Messaging Apps Overtake SMS Messaging". Mobile Marketing Magazine. from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  23. ^ Albergotti, Reed; MacMillan, Douglas; Rusli, Evelyn (20 February 2014). "Facebook's $18 Billion Deal Sets High Bar". The Wall Street Journal.
  24. ^ a b Rao, Leena (4 September 2015). "WhatsApp hits 900 million users". Fortune. from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  25. ^ "Apps Roundup: Best Messaging Apps". Tom's Guide. 4 October 2016. from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  26. ^ Roettgers, Janko (8 January 2016). "LG's New TVs Mix Streaming Channels from Buzzfeed, GQ & Vogue with Traditional Networks". Variety. from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
  27. ^ Johnson, James (24 January 2019). "OTT Content: What We Learned From 1.1 Million Subscribers". Uscreen. Retrieved 1 November 2019.

Further reading

  • "FCC Adopts 15th Report On Video Competition". U.S. Federal Communications Commission. 22 July 2013. Retrieved 7 March 2014. Announcement of release Report.
  • . Pay OTT TV. 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 18 June 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2016.

January 20, 2023
over, media, service, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, march. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Over the top media service news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message An over the top OTT media service is a media service offered directly to viewers via the Internet OTT bypasses cable broadcast and satellite television platforms the types of companies that traditionally act as controllers or distributors of such content 1 It has also been used to describe no carrier cellphones for which all communications are charged as data 2 avoiding monopolistic competition or apps for phones that transmit data in this manner including both those that replace other call methods 3 4 and those that update software 4 5 6 The term is most synonymous with subscription based video on demand SVoD services that offer access to film and television content including existing shows and movies for which rights have been acquired from the content owner as well as original content produced specifically for the service 6 OTT also encompasses a wave of skinny television services that offer access to live streams of linear specialty channels similar to a traditional satellite or cable TV provider but streamed over the public Internet rather than a closed private network with proprietary equipment such as set top boxes 7 Over the top services are typically accessed via websites on personal computers as well as via apps on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets digital media players including video game consoles or televisions with integrated Smart TV platforms 8 Contents 1 Definitions 2 Background 3 Types of content 4 Modes of access 5 See also 6 References 7 Further readingDefinitions EditIn 2011 the Canadian Radio television and Telecommunications Commission CRTC Canada s telecom regulator stated that it considers that Internet access to programming independent of a facility or network dedicated to its delivery via for example cable or satellite is the defining feature of what has been termed over the top services 9 In contrast to video on demand video delivery systems offered by cable and IPTV which are tightly managed networks where channels can be changed instantly some OTT services such as iTunes require that the video be downloaded first and then played 10 while other OTT players such as Netflix Hulu Peacock Disney HBO Max Discovery Paramount and Amazon Prime Video offer movie downloads that start playing before the download completes streaming 11 The United States Federal Communications Commission FCC categorizes the OTT services into two groups multichannel video programming distributors MVPDs and online video distributors OVDs 12 13 Virtual MVPDs include such varied services as DirecTV Stream FuboTV Sling TV Hulu Live TV and YouTube TV The FCC defined an OVD as 12 any entity that provides video programming by means of the Internet or other Internet Protocol IP based transmission path where the transmission path is provided by a person other than the OVD An OVD does not include an MVPD inside its MVPD footprint or an MVPD to the extent it is offering online video programming as a component of an MVPD subscription to customers whose homes are inside its MVPD footprint Background EditIn broadcasting over the top OTT content is the audio video and other media content delivered over the Internet without the involvement of a multiple system operator MSO in the control or distribution of the content The Internet provider may be aware of the contents of the Internet Protocol IP packets but is not responsible for nor able to control the viewing abilities copyrights and or other redistribution of the content This model contrasts with the purchasing or rental of video or audio content from an Internet service provider ISP such as pay television video on demand and from internet protocol television IPTV 14 OTT refers to content from a third party that is delivered to an end user with the ISP simply transporting IP packets 15 16 17 18 Types of content EditThis section needs expansion with a thorough sourced description of the types of OTT content current transmitted You can help by adding to it December 2016 OTT television usually called online television Internet television or streaming television remains the most popular OTT content This signal is received over the Internet or through a cell phone network as opposed to receiving the television signal from a terrestrial broadcast or satellite The video distributor controls access through an app a separate OTT dongle or a box connected to a phone PC or smart television set By mid 2017 58 percent of US households would access one in a given month and advertising revenues from OTT channels exceeded those from web browser plug ins 19 The record of simultaneous users watching an OTT event was set at 18 6 million by Disney s Indian video streaming platform Hotstar 20 OTT messaging is defined as instant messaging services or online chat provided by third parties as an alternative to text messaging services provided by a mobile network operator 21 22 An example is the Facebook owned mobile application WhatsApp that serves to replace text messaging on Internet connected smartphones 23 24 Other providers of OTT messaging include Viber WeChat iMessage Skype Telegram and the now defunct Google Allo 25 OTT voice calling usually called VoIP capabilities for instance as provided by FaceTime Skype Viber WhatsApp WeChat and Zoom use open internet communication protocols to replace and sometimes enhance existing operator controlled services offered by mobile phone operators 24 Modes of access EditConsumers can access OTT content through Internet connected devices such as phones including Android and iOS mobile devices smart TVs such as Google TV Roku TV and LG Electronics Channel Plus 26 set top boxes such as Apple TV Nvidia Shield Fire TV and Roku gaming consoles such as the PlayStation 4 Wii U Xbox One PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X S tablets and desktop and laptop computers As of 2019 Android and iOS users make up more than 45 of the total OTT content streaming audience while 39 of users use the web to access OTT content 27 See also EditAccess independent services Content delivery network Home theater PC Streaming television List of Internet television providers Multi screen video Multichannel television in the United States Streaming media Over the top media services in IndiaReferences Edit Jarvey Natalie 15 September 2017 Can CBS Change the Streaming Game With Star Trek Discovery The Holywood Reporter Archived from the original on 28 October 2017 Retrieved 27 October 2017 Weaver Todd 1 August 2019 What a No Carrier Phone Could Look Like Purism Fitchard Kevin 3 November 2014 Can you hear me now Verizon AT amp T to make voice over LTE interoperable in 2015 gigaom com a b Why Startups Are Beating Carriers Or The Curious Case Of The Premium SMS Horoscope Service amp The Lack Of Customer Consent TechCrunch 25 March 2013 A Closer Look At Blackphone The Android Smartphone That Simplifies Privacy TechCrunch 26 February 2014 a b Tariq Haseeb Council Post What Is OTT Advertising And Why Is It A Trend Forbes Pluto TV It s Free TV Pluto TV Retrieved 3 October 2022 Pluto TV It s Free TV Pluto TV Retrieved 3 October 2022 CRTC Government of Canada Canadian Radio television and Telecommunications Commission 3 October 2011 Results of the fact finding exercise on the over the top programming services www crtc gc ca Archived from the original on 3 June 2017 Retrieved 30 May 2017 Gibbon David C and Liu Zhu 2008 Introduction to Video Search Engines Washington DC Federal Communications Commission FCC p 251 Bibcode 2008ivse book G a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Cansado Jose Miguel 13 October 2008 Will Internet TV Kill IPTV Archived from the original on 6 June 2017 Retrieved 30 May 2017 a b FCC 6 May 2016 Annual Assessment of the Status of Competition in the Market for the Delivery of Video Programming Seventeenth Report MB Docket No 15 158 DA 16 510 PDF Report Washington DC Federal Communications Commission FCC pp 4417 4587 Archived PDF from the original on 26 October 2016 Retrieved 26 December 2016 FCC Officially Launches OVD Definition NPRM Broadcasting amp Cable 19 December 2014 Archived from the original on 19 August 2017 Retrieved 22 March 2018 IPTV is the delivery of television content using signals based on the logical Internet protocol IP rather than through traditional terrestrial satellite signal and cable television formats Hansell Saul 3 March 2009 Time Warner Goes Over the Top The New York Times Archived from the original on 10 July 2011 Retrieved 21 March 2016 Over the Top Video and Content Delivery Networks Will Transform Video On Demand Provisioning Electronic Component News 19 November 2009 Archived from the original on 5 March 2012 Why 2011 Is Being Called The Year Of The Cable Cut Business Insider 30 December 2010 Archived from the original on 3 April 2016 Retrieved 21 March 2016 Who Is Playing The OTT Game And How To Win It Business Insider 30 December 2010 Archived from the original on 3 April 2016 Retrieved 21 March 2016 Andrew Orlowski Can the last person watching desktop video please turn out the light Archived 2017 08 08 at the Wayback Machine The Register 8 Aug 2017 retrieved 8 Aug 2017 Manish Singh Disney s Indian streaming service sets new global record for live viewership Techcrunch 12 May 2019 retrieved 12 May 2019 Chart of the Day Mobile Messaging Business Insider 17 May 2013 Archived from the original on 22 February 2014 Retrieved 10 February 2014 Maytom Tim 4 August 2014 Over The Top Messaging Apps Overtake SMS Messaging Mobile Marketing Magazine Archived from the original on 7 September 2015 Retrieved 28 August 2015 Albergotti Reed MacMillan Douglas Rusli Evelyn 20 February 2014 Facebook s 18 Billion Deal Sets High Bar The Wall Street Journal a b Rao Leena 4 September 2015 WhatsApp hits 900 million users Fortune Archived from the original on 28 January 2016 Retrieved 27 January 2016 Apps Roundup Best Messaging Apps Tom s Guide 4 October 2016 Archived from the original on 14 February 2017 Retrieved 14 February 2017 Roettgers Janko 8 January 2016 LG s New TVs Mix Streaming Channels from Buzzfeed GQ amp Vogue with Traditional Networks Variety Archived from the original on 3 February 2017 Retrieved 26 December 2016 Johnson James 24 January 2019 OTT Content What We Learned From 1 1 Million Subscribers Uscreen Retrieved 1 November 2019 Further reading Edit FCC Adopts 15th Report On Video Competition U S Federal Communications Commission 22 July 2013 Retrieved 7 March 2014 Announcement of release Report User Interface Holds the Key to OTT Success Pay OTT TV 11 March 2011 Archived from the original on 18 June 2011 Retrieved 21 March 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Over the top media service amp oldid 1134187226, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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