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Wikipedia

Internet Protocol television

February 04, 2023

"IPTV" redirects here. For Iowa Public Television, see Iowa PBS.

Internet Protocol television (IPTV) is the delivery of television content over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. This is in contrast to delivery through traditional terrestrial, satellite, and cable television formats. Unlike downloaded media, IPTV offers the ability to stream the source media continuously. As a result, a client media player can begin playing the content (such as a TV channel) almost immediately. This is known as streaming media.

M VIEW IPTV device

Although IPTV uses the Internet protocol it is not limited to television streamed from the Internet (Internet television). IPTV is widely deployed in subscriber-based telecommunications networks with high-speed access channels into end-user premises via set-top boxes or other customer-premises equipment. IPTV is also used for media delivery around corporate and private networks. IPTV in the telecommunications arena is notable for its ongoing standardisation process (e.g., European Telecommunications Standards Institute).

IPTV services may be classified into live television and live media, with or without related interactivity; time shifting of media, e.g., catch-up TV (replays a TV show that was broadcast hours or days ago), start-over TV (replays the current TV show from its beginning); and video on demand (VOD) which involves browsing and viewing items of a media catalogue.

Definition

Historically, many different definitions of IPTV have appeared, including elementary streams[clarification needed] over IP networks, MPEG transport streams over IP networks and a number of proprietary systems. One official definition approved by the International Telecommunication Union focus group on IPTV (ITU-T FG IPTV) is:

IPTV is defined as multimedia services such as television/video/audio/text/graphics/data delivered over IP based networks managed to provide the required level of quality of service and experience, security, interactivity and reliability.[1]

Another definition of IPTV, relating to the telecommunications industry, is the one given by Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) IPTV Exploratory Group in 2005:

IPTV is defined as the secure and reliable delivery to subscribers of entertainment video and related services. These services may include, for example, Live TV, Video On Demand (VOD) and Interactive TV (iTV). These services are delivered across an access agnostic, packet switched network that employs the IP protocol to transport the audio, video and control signals. In contrast to video over the public Internet, with IPTV deployments, network security and performance are tightly managed to ensure a superior entertainment experience, resulting in a compelling business environment for content providers, advertisers and customers alike.[2]

History

Up until the early 1990s, it was not thought possible that a television programme could be squeezed into the limited telecommunication bandwidth of a copper telephone cable to provide a video-on-demand (VOD) television service of acceptable quality, as the required bandwidth of a digital television signal was around 200 Mbit/s, which was 2,000 times greater than the bandwidth of a speech signal over a copper telephone wire. VOD services were only made possible as a result of two major technological developments: motion-compensated DCT video compression and asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) data transmission.[3] Motion-compensated DCT algorithms for video coding standards include the H.26x formats from 1988 onwards and the MPEG formats from 1991 onwards.[4][5] Motion-compensated DCT video compression significantly reduced the amount of bandwidth required for a television signal, while at the same time ADSL increased the bandwidth of data that could be sent over a copper telephone wire. ADSL increased the bandwidth of a telephone line from around 100 kbit/s to 2 Mbit/s, while DCT compression reduced the required bandwidth of a digital television signal from around 200 Mbit/s down to about 2 Mbit/s. The combination of DCT and ADSL technologies made it possible to practically implement VOD services at around 2 Mbit/s bandwidth in the 1990s.[3]

The term IPTV first appeared in 1995 with the founding of Precept Software by Judith Estrin and Bill Carrico. Precept developed an Internet video product named IP/TV. IP/TV was an Mbone compatible Windows and Unix-based application that transmitted single and multi-source audio and video traffic, ranging from low to DVD quality, using both unicast and IP multicast Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) and Real time control protocol (RTCP). The software was written primarily by Steve Casner, Karl Auerbach, and Cha Chee Kuan. Precept was acquired by Cisco Systems in 1998.[6] Cisco retains the IP/TV trademark.

Telecommunications company US West (later Qwest) launched an IPTV service called TeleChoice in Phoenix, Arizona in 1998 using VDSL technology, becoming the first company in the United States to provide digital television over telephone lines.[7][8] The service was shut down in 2008.[9]

Internet radio company AudioNet started the first continuous live webcasts with content from WFAA-TV in January 1998 and KCTU-LP on 10 January 1998.[10]

Kingston Communications, a regional telecommunications operator in the UK, launched Kingston Interactive Television (KIT), an IPTV over digital subscriber line (DSL) service in September 1999. The operator added additional VoD service in October 2001 with Yes TV, a VoD content provider. Kingston was one of the first companies in the world to introduce IPTV and IP VoD over ADSL as a commercial service. The service became the reference for various changes to UK Government regulations and policy on IPTV. In 2006, the KIT service was discontinued, subscribers having declined from a peak of 10,000 to 4,000.[11][12]

In 1999, NBTel (now known as Bell Aliant) was the first to commercially deploy Internet protocol television over DSL in Canada[13] using the Alcatel 7350 DSLAM and middleware created by iMagic TV (owned by NBTel's parent company Bruncor[14]). The service was marketed under the brand VibeVision in New Brunswick, and later expanded into Nova Scotia in early 2000[15] after the formation of Aliant. iMagic TV was later sold to Alcatel.[16]

In 2002, Sasktel was the second in Canada to commercially deploy IPTV over DSL, using the Lucent Stinger DSL platform.[17]

In 2005, SureWest Communications was the first North American company to offer high-definition television (HDTV) channels over an IPTV service.[18]

In 2005, Bredbandsbolaget launched its IPTV service as the first service provider in Sweden. As of January 2009, they are not the biggest provider any longer; TeliaSonera, who launched their service later, now has more customers.[19]

In 2007, TPG became the first internet service provider in Australia to launch IPTV.[citation needed] By 2010, iiNet and Telstra launched IPTV services in conjunction to internet plans.[20]

In 2008, Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) launched IPTV under the brand name of PTCL Smart TV in Pakistan. This service is available in 150 major cities of the country offering 140 live channels.[citation needed]

In 2010, CenturyLink – after acquiring Embarq (2009) and Qwest (2010) – entered five U.S. markets with an IPTV service called Prism.[21] This was after successful test marketing in Florida. Later in 2010, Bell Canada (a major division, if not the largest division of BCE) announced it would begin offering residential and business/commercial customers in Montreal, Quebec and Toronto, Ontario IPTV over a number of different modalities, including fiber-to-the-home, fiber-to-the-node and DSL. This flavor of IPTV would be packaged with other services and branded as "Bell Fibe," providing Canadian customers with everything from local analog trunk connectivity (POTS), to DSL and fiber Internet to TV service via IPTV.[22] Bell further announced in the September 13th (2010) press release it would begin deploying fiber optic ethernet to homes in Montreal and Toronto. Bell has since continued to install fiber optic ethernet to homes (fiber-to-the-home) across Ontario and Quebec, Bell Canada's two largest customer territories (otherwise known as the 401 corridor). Bell was very successful with the deployment of the Bell Fibe product offering. Many customers in Ontario and Quebec switched from legacy (coaxial) cable companies to Bell's Fibe product because of Bell's marketing around IPTV and their at home wireless PVR offering. Bell's wireless PVR would permit customers to place a TV anywhere they wanted - as long as they had a power outlet. Bell Fibe TV commercials would show young families watching TV outside on the couch with large 70+ inch LCDs and their Bell Fibe wireless PVR.[23]

In Brazil, since at least 2012, Vivo has been offering the service Vivo TV Fibra in 200+ cities where it has FTTH coverage (4Q 2020 data) . Since at least 2018, Oi has also been offering IPTV under its FTTH service "Oi Fibra". Also, several regional FTTH providers also offer IPTV along with FTTH internet services.

In 2016, Korean Central Television (KCTV) introduced the set-top box called Manbang, reportedly providing video-on-demand services in North Korea via quasi-internet protocol television (IPTV). Manbang allows viewers to watch five different TV channels in real-time, and find political information regarding the Supreme Leader and Juche ideology, and read articles from state-run news organizations.

Markets

Residential

The global IPTV market was expected to grow from 28 million subscribers at US$12 billion revenue in 2009 to 83 million and US$38 billion in 2013.[needs update] Europe and Asia are the leading territories in terms of the overall number of subscribers. But in terms of service revenues, Europe and North America generate a larger share of global revenue, due to very low average revenue per user (ARPU) in China and India, the fastest growing (and ultimately, the biggest markets) is Asia.[24]

Services also launched in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Pakistan, Canada, Croatia, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco,[25] North Macedonia, Poland, Mongolia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia,[26] the Netherlands,[27] Georgia, Greece, Denmark, Finland, Estonia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary,[28][29] Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Latvia, Turkey, Colombia, Chile and Uzbekistan.[30] The United Kingdom launched IPTV early and after a slow initial growth, in February 2009 BT announced that it had reached 398,000 subscribers to its BT Vision service.[31] Claro has launched their own IPTV service called "Claro TV". This service is available in several countries in which they operate, such as Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua. IPTV is just beginning to grow in Central and Eastern Europe and Latin America, and now it is growing in South Asian countries such as Sri Lanka, Nepal Pakistan and India.[32] but significant plans exist in countries such as Russia. Kazakhstan introduced[33] its own IPTV services by the national provider Kazakhtelecom JSC[34] and content integrator Alacast under the "iD TV" brand in two major cities Astana and Almaty in 2009 and is about to go nationwide starting 2010.[needs update] Australian ISP iiNet launched Australia's first IPTV with fetchtv.[35]

In India, IPTV was launched by MTNL, BSNL and Jio in New Delhi, Mumbai and Punjab. APSFL is another IPTV provider in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

In Nepal, IPTV was first launched by NEW IT VENTURE CORPORATION called Net TV Nepal, the service can be accessed through its app, web app and Set top boxes provided by local ISPs, another IPTV was started by Nepal Telecom called WOW Time in 2016 which can be accessed through its app.

In Sri Lanka, IPTV was launched by Sri Lanka Telecom (operated by SLT VisionCom) in 2008, under the brand name of PEO TV. This service is available in whole country. Dialog TV has been available through the service since 2018.

In Pakistan, IPTV was launched by PTCL in 2008, under the brand name of PTCL Smart TV. This service is available in 150 major cities of the country.[citation needed]

In the Philippines, PLDT offers Cignal IPTV services as an add-on in certain ADSL and fiber optic plans.[36][37]

In Malaysia, various companies have attempted to launch IPTV services since 2005. Failed PayTV provider MiTV attempted to use an IPTV-over-UHF service but the service failed to take off. HyppTV was supposed to use an IPTV-based system, but not true IPTV as it does not provide a set-top box and requires users to view channels using a computer. True IPTV providers available in the country at the moment are Fine TV and DETV. In Q2 2010, Telekom Malaysia launched IPTV services through their fibre to the home product Unifi in select areas. In April 2010, Astro began testing IPTV services on TIME dotCom Berhad's high-speed fibre to the home optical fibre network. In December 2010, Astro began trials with customers in high-rise condominium buildings around the Mont Kiara area. In April 2011, Astro commercially launched its IPTV services under the tag line "The One and Only Line You'll Ever Need", a triple play offering in conjunction with TIME dotCom Berhad that provides all the Astro programming via IPTV, together with voice telephone services and broadband Internet access all through the same fibre optic connection into the customer's home. In 2020, Astro launched "Plug-and-Play", which uses Unicast technology for streaming TV.

In Turkey, TTNET launched IPTV services under the name IPtivibu in 2010. It was available in pilot areas in the cities of Istanbul, İzmir and Ankara. As of 2011, IPTV service is launched as a large-scale commercial service and widely available across the country under the trademark "Tivibu EV".[38][39] Superonline plans to provide IPTV under the different name "WebTV" in 2011. Türk Telekom started building the fibre optic substructure for IPTV in late 2007.

Commercial and corporate

IPTV has been widely used since around 2002[citation needed] to distribute television and audio-visual (AV) media around businesses and commercial sites, whether as live TV channels or Video on Demand (VOD). Examples of types of commercial users include airports, schools, offices, hotels, and sports stadiums, to name just a few.

Hotel television systems are the in-suite television content presented in hotel rooms, other hotel environments and in the hospitality industry for in-room entertainment, as well as hospitals, assisted living, senior care and nursing homes. These services may be free for the guest or paid, depending on the service and the individual hotel's or hotel chain’s policy. Generally these services are controlled by using the remote control.

Architecture

 
A simplified network diagram for IPTV

Elements

  • IPTV head-end: where live TV channels and AV sources are encoded, encrypted and delivered in the form of IP multicast streams.
  • Video on Demand (VOD) platform: where on-demand video assets are stored and served as IP unicast streams when a user makes a request. The VOD platform may sometimes be located with, and considered part of, the IPTV headend.
  • Interactive portal: allows the user to navigate within the different IPTV services, such as the VOD catalogue.
  • Delivery network: the packet-switched network that carries IP packets (unicast and multicast).
  • Endpoints: User equipment that can request, decode and deliver IPTV streams for display to the user. This can include computers and mobile devices as well as set-top boxes.
  • Home TV gateway: the piece of equipment at a residential IPTV user's home that terminates the access link from the delivery network.
  • User set-top box: the piece of endpoint equipment that decodes and decrypts TV and VOD streams for display on the TV screen.

Architecture of a video server network

Depending on the network architecture of the service provider, there are two main types of video server architecture that can be considered for IPTV deployment: centralised and distributed.

The centralised architecture model is a relatively simple and easy to manage solution. Because all media content is stored in centralised servers, it does not require a comprehensive content distribution system. Centralised architecture is generally good for a network that provides relatively small VOD service deployment, has adequate core and edge bandwidth or has an efficient content delivery network (CDN).

A distributed architecture has bandwidth usage advantages and inherent system management features that are essential for managing a larger server network. Distributed architecture requires intelligent and sophisticated content distribution technologies to augment effective delivery of multimedia contents over the service provider's network.[40]

Residential IPTV home networks

In many cases, the residential gateway that provides connectivity with the Internet access network is not located close to the IPTV set-top box. This scenario becomes very common as service providers start to offer service packages with multiple set-top boxes per subscriber.

Networking technologies that take advantage of existing home wiring (such as power lines, phone lines or coaxial cables) or of wireless hardware have become common solutions for this problem, although fragmentation in the wired home networking market has limited somewhat the growth in this market.[41][42]

In December 2008, ITU-T adopted Recommendation G.hn (also known as G.9960), which is a next-generation home networking standard that specifies a common PHY/MAC that can operate over any home wiring (power lines, phone lines or coaxial cables).[43]

Groups such as the Multimedia over Coax Alliance, HomePlug Powerline Alliance, Home Phoneline Networking Alliance, and Quasar Alliance (Plastic Optical Fibre)[44] each advocate their own technologies.

Telecomms IMS architecture

There is a growing standardisation effort on the use of the 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) as an architecture for supporting IPTV services in telecommunications carrier networks. Both ITU-T and ETSI are working on so-called "IMS-based IPTV" standards (see e.g. ETSI TS 182 027[45]). Carriers will be able to offer both voice and IPTV services over the same core infrastructure and the implementation of services combining conventional TV services with telephony features (e.g. caller ID on the TV screen) will become straightforward.[46]

Protocols

IPTV supports both live TV as well as stored video-on-demand. Playback requires a device connected to either a fixed or wireless IP network in the form of a standalone personal computer, smartphone, touch screen tablet, game console, connected TV or set-top box. Content is compressed by Video and audio codecs and then encapsulated in MPEG transport stream or Real-time Transport Protocol or other packets. IP multicasting allows for live data to be sent to multiple receivers using a single multicast group address.

In standards-based IPTV systems, the primary underlying protocols used are:

Local IPTV, as used by businesses for audio visual AV distribution on their company networks is typically based on a mixture of:

  1. Conventional TV reception equipment and IPTV encoders
  2. TV gateways that receive live Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) MPEG transport streams (channels) from terrestrial aerials, satellite dishes, or cable feeds and convert them into IP streams

Via satellite

Although IPTV and conventional satellite TV distribution have been seen as complementary technologies, they are likely to be increasingly used together in hybrid IPTV networks. IPTV is largely neutral to the transmission medium, and IP traffic is already routinely carried by satellite for Internet backbone trunking and corporate VSAT networks.[47]

The copper twisted pair cabling that forms the last mile of the telephone and broadband network in many countries is not able to provide a sizeable proportion of the population with an IPTV service that matches even existing terrestrial or satellite digital TV distribution. For a competitive multi-channel TV service, a connection speed of 20 Mbit/s is likely to be required, but unavailable to most potential customers.[48] The increasing popularity of high-definition television increases connection speed requirements or limits IPTV service quality and connection eligibility even further.

However, satellites are capable of delivering in excess of 100 Gbit/s via multi-spot beam technologies, making satellite a clear emerging technology for implementing IPTV networks. Satellite distribution can be included in an IPTV network architecture in several ways. The simplest to implement is an IPTV-direct to home (DTH) architecture, in which hybrid DVB-broadband set-top boxes in subscriber homes integrate satellite and IP reception to give additional bandwidth with return channel capabilities. In such a system, many live TV channels may be multicast via satellite and supplemented with stored video-on-demand transmission via the broadband connection. Arqiva’s Satellite Media Solutions Division suggests "IPTV works best in a hybrid format. For example, you would use broadband to receive some content and satellite to receive other, such as live channels".[49]

Hybrid IPTV

Hybrid IPTV refers to the combination of traditional broadcast TV services and video delivered over either managed IP networks or the public Internet. It is an increasing trend in both the consumer and pay TV markets.[50][51][52]

The growth of Hybrid IPTV is driven by two major factors. Since the emergence of online video aggregation sites, like YouTube and Vimeo in the mid-2000s, traditional pay TV operators have come under increasing pressure to provide their subscribers with a means of viewing Internet-based video on their televisions. At the same time, specialist IP-based operators have looked for ways to offer analogue and digital terrestrial services to their operations, without adding either additional cost or complexity to their transmission operations. Bandwidth is a valuable asset for operators, so many have looked for alternative ways to deliver these new services without investing in additional network infrastructures.

A hybrid set-top allows content from a range of sources, including terrestrial broadcast, satellite, and cable, to be brought together with video delivered over the Internet via an Ethernet connection on the device. This enables television viewers to access a greater variety of content on their TV sets, without the need for a separate box for each service. Hybrid IPTV set-top boxes may also enable users to access a range of advanced interactive services, such as VOD, catch-up TV, as well as Internet applications, including video telephony, surveillance, gaming, shopping, e-government accessed via a television set.

From a pay-TV operator's perspective, a hybrid IPTV set-top box gives them greater long-term flexibility to deploy new services and applications as and when consumers require, most often without the need to upgrade equipment or for a technician to visit and reconfigure or swap out the device. This reduces the cost of launching new services, increases speed to market and limits disruption for consumers.[53]

The Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) consortium of industry companies the establishment of an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast and broadband digital TV and multimedia applications with a single user interface.[54] These trends led to the development of Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV set-top boxes that included both a broadcast tuner and an Internet connection – usually via an Ethernet port. The first commercially available hybrid IPTV set-top box was developed by Advanced Digital Broadcast, a developer of digital television hardware and software, in 2005. The platform was developed for Spanish pay TV operator Telefonica,[55] and used as part of its Movistar TV service, launched to subscribers at the end of 2005.

An alternative approach is the IPTV version of the Headend in the Sky cable TV solution. Here, multiple TV channels are distributed via satellite to the ISP or IPTV provider's point of presence (POP) for IP-encapsulated distribution to individual subscribers as required by each subscriber. This can provide a huge selection of channels to subscribers without overburdening incoming Internet to the POP, and enables an IPTV service to be offered to small or remote operators outside the reach of terrestrial high-speed WAN connection. An example is a network combining fibre and satellite distribution via an SES New Skies satellite of 95 channels to Latin America and the Caribbean, operated by IPTV Americas.[56][needs update]

Advantages

The Internet protocol-based platform offers significant advantages, including the ability to integrate television with other IP-based services like high-speed Internet access and VoIP.

A switched IP network also allows for the delivery of significantly more content and functionality. In a typical TV or satellite network, using broadcast video technology, all the content constantly flows downstream to each customer, and the customer switches the content at the set-top box. The customer can select from as many choices as the telecomms, cable or satellite company can stuff into the pipe flowing into the home. A switched IP network works differently. Content remains in the network, and only the content the customer selects is sent into the customer's home. That frees up bandwidth, and the customer's choice is less restricted by the size of the pipe into the home.

Interactivity

An IP-based platform also allows significant opportunities to make the TV viewing experience more interactive and personalised. The provider may, for example, include an interactive programme guide that allows viewers to search for content by title or actor's name, or a picture-in-picture functionality that allows them to channel surf without leaving the programme they're watching. Viewers may be able to look up a player's stats while watching a sports game or control the camera angle. They also may be able to access photos or music from their PC on their television, use a wireless phone to schedule a recording of their favourite show, or even adjust parental controls so their child can watch a documentary for a school report, while they're away from home.

A feedback channel from the viewer to the provider is required for this interactivity. Terrestrial, satellite, and some cable networks for television do not feature a feedback channel and thus don't allow interactivity. However, interactivity with those networks can be possible by combining TV networks with data networks such as the Internet or a mobile communication network.

Video on demand

IPTV technology is used for video on demand (VoD),[57] which permits a customer to browse an online programme or film catalogue, to watch trailers and to then select a program. The playout of the selected item starts nearly instantaneously on the customer's TV or PC.

Technically, when the customer selects the program, a point-to-point unicast connection is set up between the customer's decoder (set-top box or PC) and the delivering streaming server. The signalling for the trick mode functionality (pause, slow-motion, wind/rewind etc.) may be communicated using, for instance, RTSP.

In an attempt to avoid content piracy, the VoD content is usually encrypted and digital rights management may be applied. A film that is chosen, for example, may be playable for 24 hours following payment, after which time it becomes unavailable.

IPTV-based converged services

Another advantage is the opportunity for integration and convergence. This opportunity is amplified when using IMS-based solutions.[58] Converged services implies interaction of existing services in a seamless manner to create new value-added services. One example is on-screen caller ID, getting caller ID on a TV, and the ability to handle the call (send it to voice mail, etc.). IP-based services help to provide consumers anytime and anywhere access to content over their televisions, PCs, and mobile device, and to integrate services and content to tie them together. Within businesses and institutions, IPTV eliminates the need to run a parallel infrastructure to deliver live and stored video services.

Limitations

IPTV is sensitive to packet loss and delays. An IPTV channel has a minimum bandwidth requirement. Some systems are able to adapt to lower available bandwidth by reducing picture quality.

Although a few countries have very high-speed broadband-enabled populations,[a] in other countries legacy networks struggle to provide 3–5 Mbit/s[59][needs update] and so simultaneous use of IPTV, VOIP and Internet access may not be viable. The last-mile delivery for IPTV usually has a bandwidth restriction that only allows a small number of simultaneous TV channel streams – typically from one to three – to be delivered.[60]

Latency

The network delay inherent in the use of satellite Internet access is often held up as a reason why satellites cannot be successfully used for IPTV. In practice, however, delay is not an important factor for IPTV, since it is a service that does not require real-time transmission, as is the case with telephony or videoconferencing services. It is the delay of response to requests to change channel, display an EPG, etc. that most affects customers’ perceived quality of service.

Existing video transmission systems of both analogue and digital formats already introduce known quantifiable delays. Existing DVB TV channels that simulcast by both terrestrial and satellite transmissions experience the same 0.25-second delay difference between the two services with no detrimental effect, and it goes unnoticed by viewers.

Bandwidth requirements

 
Bandwidth capacity for simultaneously two HDTV streams, two SD streams, additional to HSD and voice

Digital video is a sequence of digital images, called frames, each made up of pixels or picture elements. Three bytes are typically used to represent the colour of the high quality image.

Movies use 24 frames per second, North America television uses approximately 30 frames per second where the Europe television frame rate is 25 frames per second. Each digital video has dimensions width and height; SDTV is 720 × 480 pixels, HDTV uses up to 1920 × 1080 pixels.

There is no absolute answer for the bandwidth requirement for the IPTV service. Currently compressed HDTV content can be delivered at a data rate between 8 and 10 Mbit/s, but if the home of the consumer equipped with several HDTV outputs, this rate will be multiplied respectively.

Privacy implications

Due to limitations in bandwidth, an IPTV channel is delivered to the user one at a time. Changing a channel requires requesting the head-end server to provide a different broadcast stream, much like VOD.[b] This could enable the service provider to accurately track each and every programme watched and the duration of watching for each viewer. In conjunction with regulatory differences between IPTV and cable TV, this tracking could pose a threat to privacy according to critics.[61] For IP multicast scenarios, since a particular multicast group (TV channel) needs to be requested before it can be viewed, the same privacy concerns apply.

Vendors

Global sales of IPTV systems exceeded US$2 billion in 2007, although only a small number of companies supply most current IPTV system solutions. Some, such as Movistar TV, was formed by telecoms operators themselves, to minimize external costs, a tactic also used by PCCW of Hong Kong. Some major telecoms vendors are also active in this space, notably Accenture (Accenture Video Solution), Alcatel-Lucent (sometimes working with Movistar TV), Ericsson (notably since acquiring Tandberg Television), Huawei, NEC, PTCL Smart TV, Sri Lanka Telecom, Thomson, and ZTE, as are some IT houses, led by Microsoft. Miami-based AlphaOTT, Tokyo-based The New Media Group, Malaysian-based Select-TV, Oslo/Norway-based SnapTV, and California-based UTStarcom, Inc. also offer end-to-end networking infrastructure for IPTV-based services, and Hong Kong-based BNS Ltd. provides turnkey open platform IPTV technology solutions.

Hospitality IPTV Ltd, having established many closed network IPTV systems, expanded in 2013 to OTT delivery platforms for markets in New Zealand, Australia, and the Asia Pacific region.[citation needed]

Google Fiber offers an IPTV service in various US cities which includes up to 1 Gigabit-speed internet and over 290 channels depending on package via the fiber optic network being built out in Kansas City Kansas and Kansas City Missouri.

Many of these IPTV solution vendors participated in the biennial Multiservice Switching Forum Interoperability 2008 (GMI) event which was coordinated by the MultiService Forum (MSF) at five sites worldwide from 20 to 31 October 2008. Test equipment vendors including Netrounds, Codenomicon, Empirix, Ixia, Mu Dynamics, and Spirent joined solution vendors such as the companies listed above in one of the largest IPTV proving grounds ever deployed.

Service bundling

For residential users, IPTV is often provided in conjunction with VOD and may be bundled with Internet services such as Internet access and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telecommunications services. Commercial bundling of IPTV, VoIP and Internet access is sometimes referred to in marketing as triple play service. When these three are offered with cellular service, the combined service may be referred to as quadruple play.

Regulation

Historically, broadcast television has been regulated differently from telecommunications. As IPTV allows TV and VoD to be transmitted over IP networks, new regulatory issues arise.[62] Professor Eli M. Noam highlights in his report "TV or Not TV: Three Screens, One Regulation?" some of the key challenges with sector specific regulation that is becoming obsolete due to convergence in this field.[63]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ South Korea, for instance, has 6 million homes benefiting from a minimum connection speed of 100 Mbit/s.
  2. ^ For VOD, the stream is delivered using unicast whereas IPTV typically uses multicast.

References

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Further reading

  • Anderson, Nate (12 March 2006). "An Introduction to IPTV". Ars Technica.

February 04, 2023
internet, protocol, television, iptv, redirects, here, iowa, public, television, iowa, iptv, delivery, television, content, over, internet, protocol, networks, this, contrast, delivery, through, traditional, terrestrial, satellite, cable, television, formats, . IPTV redirects here For Iowa Public Television see Iowa PBS Internet Protocol television IPTV is the delivery of television content over Internet Protocol IP networks This is in contrast to delivery through traditional terrestrial satellite and cable television formats Unlike downloaded media IPTV offers the ability to stream the source media continuously As a result a client media player can begin playing the content such as a TV channel almost immediately This is known as streaming media M VIEW IPTV device Although IPTV uses the Internet protocol it is not limited to television streamed from the Internet Internet television IPTV is widely deployed in subscriber based telecommunications networks with high speed access channels into end user premises via set top boxes or other customer premises equipment IPTV is also used for media delivery around corporate and private networks IPTV in the telecommunications arena is notable for its ongoing standardisation process e g European Telecommunications Standards Institute IPTV services may be classified into live television and live media with or without related interactivity time shifting of media e g catch up TV replays a TV show that was broadcast hours or days ago start over TV replays the current TV show from its beginning and video on demand VOD which involves browsing and viewing items of a media catalogue Contents 1 Definition 2 History 3 Markets 3 1 Residential 3 2 Commercial and corporate 4 Architecture 4 1 Elements 4 2 Architecture of a video server network 4 3 Residential IPTV home networks 4 4 Telecomms IMS architecture 5 Protocols 6 Via satellite 7 Hybrid IPTV 8 Advantages 8 1 Interactivity 8 2 Video on demand 8 3 IPTV based converged services 9 Limitations 9 1 Latency 10 Bandwidth requirements 11 Privacy implications 12 Vendors 13 Service bundling 14 Regulation 15 See also 16 Notes 17 References 18 Further readingDefinition EditHistorically many different definitions of IPTV have appeared including elementary streams clarification needed over IP networks MPEG transport streams over IP networks and a number of proprietary systems One official definition approved by the International Telecommunication Union focus group on IPTV ITU T FG IPTV is IPTV is defined as multimedia services such as television video audio text graphics data delivered over IP based networks managed to provide the required level of quality of service and experience security interactivity and reliability 1 Another definition of IPTV relating to the telecommunications industry is the one given by Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions ATIS IPTV Exploratory Group in 2005 IPTV is defined as the secure and reliable delivery to subscribers of entertainment video and related services These services may include for example Live TV Video On Demand VOD and Interactive TV iTV These services are delivered across an access agnostic packet switched network that employs the IP protocol to transport the audio video and control signals In contrast to video over the public Internet with IPTV deployments network security and performance are tightly managed to ensure a superior entertainment experience resulting in a compelling business environment for content providers advertisers and customers alike 2 History EditUp until the early 1990s it was not thought possible that a television programme could be squeezed into the limited telecommunication bandwidth of a copper telephone cable to provide a video on demand VOD television service of acceptable quality as the required bandwidth of a digital television signal was around 200 Mbit s which was 2 000 times greater than the bandwidth of a speech signal over a copper telephone wire VOD services were only made possible as a result of two major technological developments motion compensated DCT video compression and asymmetric digital subscriber line ADSL data transmission 3 Motion compensated DCT algorithms for video coding standards include the H 26x formats from 1988 onwards and the MPEG formats from 1991 onwards 4 5 Motion compensated DCT video compression significantly reduced the amount of bandwidth required for a television signal while at the same time ADSL increased the bandwidth of data that could be sent over a copper telephone wire ADSL increased the bandwidth of a telephone line from around 100 kbit s to 2 Mbit s while DCT compression reduced the required bandwidth of a digital television signal from around 200 Mbit s down to about 2 Mbit s The combination of DCT and ADSL technologies made it possible to practically implement VOD services at around 2 Mbit s bandwidth in the 1990s 3 The term IPTV first appeared in 1995 with the founding of Precept Software by Judith Estrin and Bill Carrico Precept developed an Internet video product named IP TV IP TV was an Mbone compatible Windows and Unix based application that transmitted single and multi source audio and video traffic ranging from low to DVD quality using both unicast and IP multicast Real time Transport Protocol RTP and Real time control protocol RTCP The software was written primarily by Steve Casner Karl Auerbach and Cha Chee Kuan Precept was acquired by Cisco Systems in 1998 6 Cisco retains the IP TV trademark Telecommunications company US West later Qwest launched an IPTV service called TeleChoice in Phoenix Arizona in 1998 using VDSL technology becoming the first company in the United States to provide digital television over telephone lines 7 8 The service was shut down in 2008 9 Internet radio company AudioNet started the first continuous live webcasts with content from WFAA TV in January 1998 and KCTU LP on 10 January 1998 10 Kingston Communications a regional telecommunications operator in the UK launched Kingston Interactive Television KIT an IPTV over digital subscriber line DSL service in September 1999 The operator added additional VoD service in October 2001 with Yes TV a VoD content provider Kingston was one of the first companies in the world to introduce IPTV and IP VoD over ADSL as a commercial service The service became the reference for various changes to UK Government regulations and policy on IPTV In 2006 the KIT service was discontinued subscribers having declined from a peak of 10 000 to 4 000 11 12 In 1999 NBTel now known as Bell Aliant was the first to commercially deploy Internet protocol television over DSL in Canada 13 using the Alcatel 7350 DSLAM and middleware created by iMagic TV owned by NBTel s parent company Bruncor 14 The service was marketed under the brand VibeVision in New Brunswick and later expanded into Nova Scotia in early 2000 15 after the formation of Aliant iMagic TV was later sold to Alcatel 16 In 2002 Sasktel was the second in Canada to commercially deploy IPTV over DSL using the Lucent Stinger DSL platform 17 In 2005 SureWest Communications was the first North American company to offer high definition television HDTV channels over an IPTV service 18 In 2005 Bredbandsbolaget launched its IPTV service as the first service provider in Sweden As of January 2009 they are not the biggest provider any longer TeliaSonera who launched their service later now has more customers 19 In 2007 TPG became the first internet service provider in Australia to launch IPTV citation needed By 2010 iiNet and Telstra launched IPTV services in conjunction to internet plans 20 In 2008 Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited PTCL launched IPTV under the brand name of PTCL Smart TV in Pakistan This service is available in 150 major cities of the country offering 140 live channels citation needed In 2010 CenturyLink after acquiring Embarq 2009 and Qwest 2010 entered five U S markets with an IPTV service called Prism 21 This was after successful test marketing in Florida Later in 2010 Bell Canada a major division if not the largest division of BCE announced it would begin offering residential and business commercial customers in Montreal Quebec and Toronto Ontario IPTV over a number of different modalities including fiber to the home fiber to the node and DSL This flavor of IPTV would be packaged with other services and branded as Bell Fibe providing Canadian customers with everything from local analog trunk connectivity POTS to DSL and fiber Internet to TV service via IPTV 22 Bell further announced in the September 13th 2010 press release it would begin deploying fiber optic ethernet to homes in Montreal and Toronto Bell has since continued to install fiber optic ethernet to homes fiber to the home across Ontario and Quebec Bell Canada s two largest customer territories otherwise known as the 401 corridor Bell was very successful with the deployment of the Bell Fibe product offering Many customers in Ontario and Quebec switched from legacy coaxial cable companies to Bell s Fibe product because of Bell s marketing around IPTV and their at home wireless PVR offering Bell s wireless PVR would permit customers to place a TV anywhere they wanted as long as they had a power outlet Bell Fibe TV commercials would show young families watching TV outside on the couch with large 70 inch LCDs and their Bell Fibe wireless PVR 23 In Brazil since at least 2012 Vivo has been offering the service Vivo TV Fibra in 200 cities where it has FTTH coverage 4Q 2020 data Since at least 2018 Oi has also been offering IPTV under its FTTH service Oi Fibra Also several regional FTTH providers also offer IPTV along with FTTH internet services In 2016 Korean Central Television KCTV introduced the set top box called Manbang reportedly providing video on demand services in North Korea via quasi internet protocol television IPTV Manbang allows viewers to watch five different TV channels in real time and find political information regarding the Supreme Leader and Juche ideology and read articles from state run news organizations Markets EditResidential Edit The global IPTV market was expected to grow from 28 million subscribers at US 12 billion revenue in 2009 to 83 million and US 38 billion in 2013 needs update Europe and Asia are the leading territories in terms of the overall number of subscribers But in terms of service revenues Europe and North America generate a larger share of global revenue due to very low average revenue per user ARPU in China and India the fastest growing and ultimately the biggest markets is Asia 24 Services also launched in Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Pakistan Canada Croatia Lithuania Moldova Montenegro Morocco 25 North Macedonia Poland Mongolia Romania Serbia Slovenia 26 the Netherlands 27 Georgia Greece Denmark Finland Estonia Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary 28 29 Norway Sweden Iceland Latvia Turkey Colombia Chile and Uzbekistan 30 The United Kingdom launched IPTV early and after a slow initial growth in February 2009 BT announced that it had reached 398 000 subscribers to its BT Vision service 31 Claro has launched their own IPTV service called Claro TV This service is available in several countries in which they operate such as Dominican Republic El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua IPTV is just beginning to grow in Central and Eastern Europe and Latin America and now it is growing in South Asian countries such as Sri Lanka Nepal Pakistan and India 32 but significant plans exist in countries such as Russia Kazakhstan introduced 33 its own IPTV services by the national provider Kazakhtelecom JSC 34 and content integrator Alacast under the iD TV brand in two major cities Astana and Almaty in 2009 and is about to go nationwide starting 2010 needs update Australian ISP iiNet launched Australia s first IPTV with fetchtv 35 In India IPTV was launched by MTNL BSNL and Jio in New Delhi Mumbai and Punjab APSFL is another IPTV provider in the state of Andhra Pradesh In Nepal IPTV was first launched by NEW IT VENTURE CORPORATION called Net TV Nepal the service can be accessed through its app web app and Set top boxes provided by local ISPs another IPTV was started by Nepal Telecom called WOW Time in 2016 which can be accessed through its app In Sri Lanka IPTV was launched by Sri Lanka Telecom operated by SLT VisionCom in 2008 under the brand name of PEO TV This service is available in whole country Dialog TV has been available through the service since 2018 In Pakistan IPTV was launched by PTCL in 2008 under the brand name of PTCL Smart TV This service is available in 150 major cities of the country citation needed In the Philippines PLDT offers Cignal IPTV services as an add on in certain ADSL and fiber optic plans 36 37 In Malaysia various companies have attempted to launch IPTV services since 2005 Failed PayTV provider MiTV attempted to use an IPTV over UHF service but the service failed to take off HyppTV was supposed to use an IPTV based system but not true IPTV as it does not provide a set top box and requires users to view channels using a computer True IPTV providers available in the country at the moment are Fine TV and DETV In Q2 2010 Telekom Malaysia launched IPTV services through their fibre to the home product Unifi in select areas In April 2010 Astro began testing IPTV services on TIME dotCom Berhad s high speed fibre to the home optical fibre network In December 2010 Astro began trials with customers in high rise condominium buildings around the Mont Kiara area In April 2011 Astro commercially launched its IPTV services under the tag line The One and Only Line You ll Ever Need a triple play offering in conjunction with TIME dotCom Berhad that provides all the Astro programming via IPTV together with voice telephone services and broadband Internet access all through the same fibre optic connection into the customer s home In 2020 Astro launched Plug and Play which uses Unicast technology for streaming TV In Turkey TTNET launched IPTV services under the name IPtivibu in 2010 It was available in pilot areas in the cities of Istanbul Izmir and Ankara As of 2011 IPTV service is launched as a large scale commercial service and widely available across the country under the trademark Tivibu EV 38 39 Superonline plans to provide IPTV under the different name WebTV in 2011 Turk Telekom started building the fibre optic substructure for IPTV in late 2007 Commercial and corporate Edit IPTV has been widely used since around 2002 citation needed to distribute television and audio visual AV media around businesses and commercial sites whether as live TV channels or Video on Demand VOD Examples of types of commercial users include airports schools offices hotels and sports stadiums to name just a few Hotel television systems are the in suite television content presented in hotel rooms other hotel environments and in the hospitality industry for in room entertainment as well as hospitals assisted living senior care and nursing homes These services may be free for the guest or paid depending on the service and the individual hotel s or hotel chain s policy Generally these services are controlled by using the remote control Architecture Edit A simplified network diagram for IPTV Elements Edit This section is in list format but may read better as prose You can help by converting this section if appropriate Editing help is available April 2020 IPTV head end where live TV channels and AV sources are encoded encrypted and delivered in the form of IP multicast streams Video on Demand VOD platform where on demand video assets are stored and served as IP unicast streams when a user makes a request The VOD platform may sometimes be located with and considered part of the IPTV headend Interactive portal allows the user to navigate within the different IPTV services such as the VOD catalogue Delivery network the packet switched network that carries IP packets unicast and multicast Endpoints User equipment that can request decode and deliver IPTV streams for display to the user This can include computers and mobile devices as well as set top boxes Home TV gateway the piece of equipment at a residential IPTV user s home that terminates the access link from the delivery network User set top box the piece of endpoint equipment that decodes and decrypts TV and VOD streams for display on the TV screen Architecture of a video server network Edit Depending on the network architecture of the service provider there are two main types of video server architecture that can be considered for IPTV deployment centralised and distributed The centralised architecture model is a relatively simple and easy to manage solution Because all media content is stored in centralised servers it does not require a comprehensive content distribution system Centralised architecture is generally good for a network that provides relatively small VOD service deployment has adequate core and edge bandwidth or has an efficient content delivery network CDN A distributed architecture has bandwidth usage advantages and inherent system management features that are essential for managing a larger server network Distributed architecture requires intelligent and sophisticated content distribution technologies to augment effective delivery of multimedia contents over the service provider s network 40 Residential IPTV home networks Edit In many cases the residential gateway that provides connectivity with the Internet access network is not located close to the IPTV set top box This scenario becomes very common as service providers start to offer service packages with multiple set top boxes per subscriber Networking technologies that take advantage of existing home wiring such as power lines phone lines or coaxial cables or of wireless hardware have become common solutions for this problem although fragmentation in the wired home networking market has limited somewhat the growth in this market 41 42 In December 2008 ITU T adopted Recommendation G hn also known as G 9960 which is a next generation home networking standard that specifies a common PHY MAC that can operate over any home wiring power lines phone lines or coaxial cables 43 Groups such as the Multimedia over Coax Alliance HomePlug Powerline Alliance Home Phoneline Networking Alliance and Quasar Alliance Plastic Optical Fibre 44 each advocate their own technologies Telecomms IMS architecture Edit There is a growing standardisation effort on the use of the 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem IMS as an architecture for supporting IPTV services in telecommunications carrier networks Both ITU T and ETSI are working on so called IMS based IPTV standards see e g ETSI TS 182 027 45 Carriers will be able to offer both voice and IPTV services over the same core infrastructure and the implementation of services combining conventional TV services with telephony features e g caller ID on the TV screen will become straightforward 46 Protocols EditIPTV supports both live TV as well as stored video on demand Playback requires a device connected to either a fixed or wireless IP network in the form of a standalone personal computer smartphone touch screen tablet game console connected TV or set top box Content is compressed by Video and audio codecs and then encapsulated in MPEG transport stream or Real time Transport Protocol or other packets IP multicasting allows for live data to be sent to multiple receivers using a single multicast group address This section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information December 2020 In standards based IPTV systems the primary underlying protocols used are Service provider based streaming IGMP for subscribing to a live multicast stream TV channel and for changing from one live multicast stream to another TV channel change IP multicast operates within LANs including VLANs and across WANs also citation needed IP multicast is usually routed in the network core by Protocol Independent Multicast PIM setting up correct distribution of multicast streams TV channels from their source all the way to the customers who wants to view them duplicating received packets as needed On demand content uses a negotiated unicast connection Real time Transport Protocol RTP over User Datagram Protocol UDP or the lower overhead H 222 transport stream over Transmission Control Protocol TCP are generally the preferred methods of encapsulation Web based unicast only live and VoD streaming Adobe Flash Player prefers RTMP over TCP with setup and control via either AMF or XML or JSON transactions Apple iOS uses HLS adaptive bitrate streaming over HTTP with setup and control via an embedded M3U playlist file Microsoft Silverlight uses smooth streaming adaptive bitrate streaming over HTTP Web based multicast live and unicast VoD streaming The Internet Engineering Task Force IETF recommends RTP over UDP or TCP transports with setup and control using RTSP over TCP Connected TVs game consoles set top boxes and network personal video recorders Local network content uses UPnP AV for unicast via HTTP over TCP or for multicast live RTP over UDP Web based content is provided through either inline Web plug ins or a television broadcast based application that uses a middleware language such as MHEG 5 that triggers an event such as loading an inline Web browser using an Adobe Flash Player plug in Local IPTV as used by businesses for audio visual AV distribution on their company networks is typically based on a mixture of Conventional TV reception equipment and IPTV encoders TV gateways that receive live Digital Video Broadcasting DVB MPEG transport streams channels from terrestrial aerials satellite dishes or cable feeds and convert them into IP streamsVia satellite EditAlthough IPTV and conventional satellite TV distribution have been seen as complementary technologies they are likely to be increasingly used together in hybrid IPTV networks IPTV is largely neutral to the transmission medium and IP traffic is already routinely carried by satellite for Internet backbone trunking and corporate VSAT networks 47 The copper twisted pair cabling that forms the last mile of the telephone and broadband network in many countries is not able to provide a sizeable proportion of the population with an IPTV service that matches even existing terrestrial or satellite digital TV distribution For a competitive multi channel TV service a connection speed of 20 Mbit s is likely to be required but unavailable to most potential customers 48 The increasing popularity of high definition television increases connection speed requirements or limits IPTV service quality and connection eligibility even further However satellites are capable of delivering in excess of 100 Gbit s via multi spot beam technologies making satellite a clear emerging technology for implementing IPTV networks Satellite distribution can be included in an IPTV network architecture in several ways The simplest to implement is an IPTV direct to home DTH architecture in which hybrid DVB broadband set top boxes in subscriber homes integrate satellite and IP reception to give additional bandwidth with return channel capabilities In such a system many live TV channels may be multicast via satellite and supplemented with stored video on demand transmission via the broadband connection Arqiva s Satellite Media Solutions Division suggests IPTV works best in a hybrid format For example you would use broadband to receive some content and satellite to receive other such as live channels 49 Hybrid IPTV EditThis section s factual accuracy may be compromised due to out of date information Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information July 2011 Hybrid IPTV refers to the combination of traditional broadcast TV services and video delivered over either managed IP networks or the public Internet It is an increasing trend in both the consumer and pay TV markets 50 51 52 The growth of Hybrid IPTV is driven by two major factors Since the emergence of online video aggregation sites like YouTube and Vimeo in the mid 2000s traditional pay TV operators have come under increasing pressure to provide their subscribers with a means of viewing Internet based video on their televisions At the same time specialist IP based operators have looked for ways to offer analogue and digital terrestrial services to their operations without adding either additional cost or complexity to their transmission operations Bandwidth is a valuable asset for operators so many have looked for alternative ways to deliver these new services without investing in additional network infrastructures A hybrid set top allows content from a range of sources including terrestrial broadcast satellite and cable to be brought together with video delivered over the Internet via an Ethernet connection on the device This enables television viewers to access a greater variety of content on their TV sets without the need for a separate box for each service Hybrid IPTV set top boxes may also enable users to access a range of advanced interactive services such as VOD catch up TV as well as Internet applications including video telephony surveillance gaming shopping e government accessed via a television set From a pay TV operator s perspective a hybrid IPTV set top box gives them greater long term flexibility to deploy new services and applications as and when consumers require most often without the need to upgrade equipment or for a technician to visit and reconfigure or swap out the device This reduces the cost of launching new services increases speed to market and limits disruption for consumers 53 The Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV HbbTV consortium of industry companies the establishment of an open European standard for hybrid set top boxes for the reception of broadcast and broadband digital TV and multimedia applications with a single user interface 54 These trends led to the development of Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV set top boxes that included both a broadcast tuner and an Internet connection usually via an Ethernet port The first commercially available hybrid IPTV set top box was developed by Advanced Digital Broadcast a developer of digital television hardware and software in 2005 The platform was developed for Spanish pay TV operator Telefonica 55 and used as part of its Movistar TV service launched to subscribers at the end of 2005 An alternative approach is the IPTV version of the Headend in the Sky cable TV solution Here multiple TV channels are distributed via satellite to the ISP or IPTV provider s point of presence POP for IP encapsulated distribution to individual subscribers as required by each subscriber This can provide a huge selection of channels to subscribers without overburdening incoming Internet to the POP and enables an IPTV service to be offered to small or remote operators outside the reach of terrestrial high speed WAN connection An example is a network combining fibre and satellite distribution via an SES New Skies satellite of 95 channels to Latin America and the Caribbean operated by IPTV Americas 56 needs update Advantages EditThe Internet protocol based platform offers significant advantages including the ability to integrate television with other IP based services like high speed Internet access and VoIP A switched IP network also allows for the delivery of significantly more content and functionality In a typical TV or satellite network using broadcast video technology all the content constantly flows downstream to each customer and the customer switches the content at the set top box The customer can select from as many choices as the telecomms cable or satellite company can stuff into the pipe flowing into the home A switched IP network works differently Content remains in the network and only the content the customer selects is sent into the customer s home That frees up bandwidth and the customer s choice is less restricted by the size of the pipe into the home Interactivity Edit An IP based platform also allows significant opportunities to make the TV viewing experience more interactive and personalised The provider may for example include an interactive programme guide that allows viewers to search for content by title or actor s name or a picture in picture functionality that allows them to channel surf without leaving the programme they re watching Viewers may be able to look up a player s stats while watching a sports game or control the camera angle They also may be able to access photos or music from their PC on their television use a wireless phone to schedule a recording of their favourite show or even adjust parental controls so their child can watch a documentary for a school report while they re away from home A feedback channel from the viewer to the provider is required for this interactivity Terrestrial satellite and some cable networks for television do not feature a feedback channel and thus don t allow interactivity However interactivity with those networks can be possible by combining TV networks with data networks such as the Internet or a mobile communication network Video on demand Edit IPTV technology is used for video on demand VoD 57 which permits a customer to browse an online programme or film catalogue to watch trailers and to then select a program The playout of the selected item starts nearly instantaneously on the customer s TV or PC Technically when the customer selects the program a point to point unicast connection is set up between the customer s decoder set top box or PC and the delivering streaming server The signalling for the trick mode functionality pause slow motion wind rewind etc may be communicated using for instance RTSP In an attempt to avoid content piracy the VoD content is usually encrypted and digital rights management may be applied A film that is chosen for example may be playable for 24 hours following payment after which time it becomes unavailable IPTV based converged services Edit Another advantage is the opportunity for integration and convergence This opportunity is amplified when using IMS based solutions 58 Converged services implies interaction of existing services in a seamless manner to create new value added services One example is on screen caller ID getting caller ID on a TV and the ability to handle the call send it to voice mail etc IP based services help to provide consumers anytime and anywhere access to content over their televisions PCs and mobile device and to integrate services and content to tie them together Within businesses and institutions IPTV eliminates the need to run a parallel infrastructure to deliver live and stored video services Limitations EditIPTV is sensitive to packet loss and delays An IPTV channel has a minimum bandwidth requirement Some systems are able to adapt to lower available bandwidth by reducing picture quality Although a few countries have very high speed broadband enabled populations a in other countries legacy networks struggle to provide 3 5 Mbit s 59 needs update and so simultaneous use of IPTV VOIP and Internet access may not be viable The last mile delivery for IPTV usually has a bandwidth restriction that only allows a small number of simultaneous TV channel streams typically from one to three to be delivered 60 Latency Edit The network delay inherent in the use of satellite Internet access is often held up as a reason why satellites cannot be successfully used for IPTV In practice however delay is not an important factor for IPTV since it is a service that does not require real time transmission as is the case with telephony or videoconferencing services It is the delay of response to requests to change channel display an EPG etc that most affects customers perceived quality of service Existing video transmission systems of both analogue and digital formats already introduce known quantifiable delays Existing DVB TV channels that simulcast by both terrestrial and satellite transmissions experience the same 0 25 second delay difference between the two services with no detrimental effect and it goes unnoticed by viewers Bandwidth requirements EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed July 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Bandwidth capacity for simultaneously two HDTV streams two SD streams additional to HSD and voice Digital video is a sequence of digital images called frames each made up of pixels or picture elements Three bytes are typically used to represent the colour of the high quality image Movies use 24 frames per second North America television uses approximately 30 frames per second where the Europe television frame rate is 25 frames per second Each digital video has dimensions width and height SDTV is 720 480 pixels HDTV uses up to 1920 1080 pixels There is no absolute answer for the bandwidth requirement for the IPTV service Currently compressed HDTV content can be delivered at a data rate between 8 and 10 Mbit s but if the home of the consumer equipped with several HDTV outputs this rate will be multiplied respectively Privacy implications EditDue to limitations in bandwidth an IPTV channel is delivered to the user one at a time Changing a channel requires requesting the head end server to provide a different broadcast stream much like VOD b This could enable the service provider to accurately track each and every programme watched and the duration of watching for each viewer In conjunction with regulatory differences between IPTV and cable TV this tracking could pose a threat to privacy according to critics 61 For IP multicast scenarios since a particular multicast group TV channel needs to be requested before it can be viewed the same privacy concerns apply Vendors EditGlobal sales of IPTV systems exceeded US 2 billion in 2007 although only a small number of companies supply most current IPTV system solutions Some such as Movistar TV was formed by telecoms operators themselves to minimize external costs a tactic also used by PCCW of Hong Kong Some major telecoms vendors are also active in this space notably Accenture Accenture Video Solution Alcatel Lucent sometimes working with Movistar TV Ericsson notably since acquiring Tandberg Television Huawei NEC PTCL Smart TV Sri Lanka Telecom Thomson and ZTE as are some IT houses led by Microsoft Miami based AlphaOTT Tokyo based The New Media Group Malaysian based Select TV Oslo Norway based SnapTV and California based UTStarcom Inc also offer end to end networking infrastructure for IPTV based services and Hong Kong based BNS Ltd provides turnkey open platform IPTV technology solutions Hospitality IPTV Ltd having established many closed network IPTV systems expanded in 2013 to OTT delivery platforms for markets in New Zealand Australia and the Asia Pacific region citation needed Google Fiber offers an IPTV service in various US cities which includes up to 1 Gigabit speed internet and over 290 channels depending on package via the fiber optic network being built out in Kansas City Kansas and Kansas City Missouri Many of these IPTV solution vendors participated in the biennial Multiservice Switching Forum Interoperability 2008 GMI event which was coordinated by the MultiService Forum MSF at five sites worldwide from 20 to 31 October 2008 Test equipment vendors including Netrounds Codenomicon Empirix Ixia Mu Dynamics and Spirent joined solution vendors such as the companies listed above in one of the largest IPTV proving grounds ever deployed Service bundling EditFor residential users IPTV is often provided in conjunction with VOD and may be bundled with Internet services such as Internet access and Voice over Internet Protocol VoIP telecommunications services Commercial bundling of IPTV VoIP and Internet access is sometimes referred to in marketing as triple play service When these three are offered with cellular service the combined service may be referred to as quadruple play Regulation EditHistorically broadcast television has been regulated differently from telecommunications As IPTV allows TV and VoD to be transmitted over IP networks new regulatory issues arise 62 Professor Eli M Noam highlights in his report TV or Not TV Three Screens One Regulation some of the key challenges with sector specific regulation that is becoming obsolete due to convergence in this field 63 See also EditComparison between OTT and IPTV Comparison of streaming media systems Comparison of video services Content delivery network List of music streaming services List of streaming media systems P2PTV Protection of Broadcasts and Broadcasting Organizations Treaty SAT gt IP Software as a service Streaming media TV gateway Web television WebcastNotes Edit South Korea for instance has 6 million homes benefiting from a minimum connection speed of 100 Mbit s For VOD the stream is delivered using unicast whereas IPTV typically uses multicast 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via SES NEW SKIES NSS 806 Press release IPTV Americas 13 January 2009 Archived from the original on 16 October 2011 Broadband Users Control What They Watch and When Archived from the original on 20 April 2010 Riede Christian amp Al Hezmi Adel amp Magedanz Thomas 12 February 2008 Session and Media Signalling for IPTV via IMS PDF MobileWare 08 Innsbruck Austria Archived from the original PDF on 25 June 2008 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Bulkley Kate IPTV s Eastern Promise Digital TV Europe October 2008 p 48 Brown Peter J Super Headends And High Expectations Via Satellite April 2006 p 18 30 IPTV privacy risks Archived 5 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine Ericsson report on need for regulation PDF Archived PDF from the original on 15 November 2008 217 KB CRTC Government of Canada Canadian Radio television and Telecommunications Commission 3 September 2008 TV or Not TV Three Screens One Regulation www crtc gc ca Archived from the original on 13 December 2017 Retrieved 25 April 2018 Further reading EditAnderson Nate 12 March 2006 An Introduction to IPTV Ars Technica Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Internet Protocol television amp oldid 1137449041, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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