Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide. It encompasses many national expressions and variations. The typical unifying characteristics of the different expressions and variations are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels.
The spelling whiskey is commonly used in Ireland and the United States, while whisky is used almost exclusively in other whisky-producing countries.[1]
American whiskeys are distilled from a fermented mash of cereal grain. It must have the taste, aroma, and other characteristics commonly attributed to whisky. American whisky must be distilled to no more than 80% alcohol by volume, and barrelled at no more than 125 proof. Only water may be added to the final product; the addition of colouring or flavouring is prohibited. These whiskys must be aged in new charred-oak containers, except for corn whisky, which does not have to be aged. If it is aged, it must be in uncharred oak barrels or in used barrels. Corn whisky is usually unaged and sold as a legal version of moonshine.
Australian whiskys are mainly produced using a very similar process to that of Scottish whisky; however, the flavour of Australian whisky is subtly different.[2] Although the majority of whisky produced in Australia is in the single malt style, there is more variation than what is found overseas, with no strict customs or traditions governing the styles produced. Multiple styles of whisky are produced in Australia, including single malt, rye, wheat and blended whisky.[3]
Canadian whiskys are usually blended multi-grain whiskys containing a large percentage of corn spirits, and are typically lighter and smoother than other whisky styles.[4] When Canadian distillers began adding small amounts of highly-flavourful rye grain to their mashes, people began demanding this new rye-flavoured whisky, referring to it simply as "rye". Today, as for the past two centuries, the terms "rye whisky" and "Canadian whisky" are used interchangeably in Canada.
Georgian whisky was first made by Georgian wine-maker, co-founder of "Askaneli Brothers", Jimsher Chkhaidze. JIMSHER whisky is made by traditional Scottish method and other Georgia whiskys have followed suit.
German whisky resemble those made in Ireland, Scotland and the United States: single malts, blends, wheat, and bourbon-like styles.
Indian whiskys are commonly blends based on neutral spirits that are distilled from fermented molasses /Grain with only a small portion consisting of traditional malt whisky, usually about 10 to 12 percent. Outside India, such a drink would more likely be labelled a rum.[6][7] According to the Scotch Whisky Association's 2013 annual report, "there is no compulsory definition of whisky in India, and the Indian voluntary standard does not require whisky to be distilled from cereals or to be matured."[8] Molasses-based blends make up 90 percent of the spirits consumed as "whisky" in India,[9]
Irish whiskey is whiskey made on the island of Ireland. The word 'whiskey' (or whisky) comes from the Irish (or 'Gaelic') uisce beatha, meaning water of life. Irish whiskey has a smoother finish as opposed to the smoky, earthy overtones common to Scotch whisky, in part due to peating.[10]Peat is rarely used in the malting process elsewhere. There are notable exceptions to these rules in both countries.
Japanese whiskys are both single malt and blended whiskies. The base is a mash of malted barley, dried in kilns fired with a little peat (although less than what is used for some peated Scotch whiskies), and is distilled using the pot still method.[11][12]
Single grain Scotch is a Scotch whisky distilled at a single distillery but, in addition to water and malted barley, may involve whole grains of other malted or unmalted cereals. "Single grain" does not mean that only a single type of grain was used to produce the whisky, but that it was distilled at a single distillery.[17]
Blended malt whisky is a mixture of single malt whiskies from different distilleries. If a whisky is labelled "pure malt" or just "malt" it is almost certainly a blended malt whisky. This was formerly called a "vatted malt" whisky.
Blended whisky is made from a mixture of different types of whisky. A blend may contain whisky from many distilleries so that the blender can produce a flavour consistent with the brand.
Bourbon whiskey is made in the United States from mash that consists of at least 51% corn (maize) and aged in new charred oak barrels.
Rye malt whisky is made from mash that consists of at least 51% malted rye.
Rye whisky is made from mash that consists of at least 51% rye.
Single cask whisky (also known as single barrel) are whiskies bottled from an individual cask.
Single malt whisky is whisky from a single distillery made from a mash that uses only one particular malted grain. Unless the whisky is described as single-cask, it contains whisky from many casks, and different years, so the blender can achieve a taste recognisable as typical of the distillery.
Spirit whiskey is a mixture of neutral spirits and at least 5% of certain stricter categories of whisky
Straight whisky is distilled from a fermented (malted or unmalted) cereal grain mash to a concentration not exceeding 80% alcohol by volume (abv) and aged in new charred oakbarrels for at least two years at a concentration not exceeding 62.5% at the start of the aging process.[18]
George A. Dickel founded George A. Dickel and Company, a wholesaling firm which bought whiskey from regional distillers and distributed it in barrels, jugs and bottles.
Nathan "Nearest" Green was a former slave and master distiller who taught distilling techniques to Jack Daniel
The Old Bushmills Distillery is a distillery in Bushmills, County Antrim, Northern Ireland and is the oldest operating whiskey distillery. The company that originally built the distillery was formed in 1784, although the date 1608 is printed on the label of the brand – referring to an earlier date when a royal licence was granted to a local landowner to distil whiskey in the area.[19][20] After various periods of closure in its subsequent history, the distillery has been in continuous operation since it was rebuilt after a fire in 1885.
The Highlands: The Highlands is by far the largest region in Scotland both in area and in whisky production. This massive area has over 30 distilleries on the mainland.
The Lowlands district covers much of the Central Belt and the South of Scotland including Edinburgh & The Lothians, Glasgow & The Clyde Valley, the Kingdom of Fife, Ayrshire, Dumfries & Galloway and the Scottish Borders.[26]
Speyside: Speyside gets its name from the River Spey, which cuts through this region and provides water to many of the distilleries.
^Although only five regions are specified, any Scottish locale may be used to describe a whisky if it is distilled entirely within that place; for example a single malt whisky distilled on Orkney could be described as Orkney Single Malt Scotch Whiskysfn
References
^Zandona, Eric; et al. (March 2013). A World Guide to Whisk(e)y Distilleries. Hayward: White Mule Press. ISBN978-0983638940.
^Middleton, Chris (2011). "Australian Whisky: Whisky Phoenix Rises - a Short History of Australian Whisky Distillation". Chemistry in Australia. 78: 18–22.
^"The rise of the craft Australian distilleries - Part 1". www.diffordsguide.com. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to whisky WhiskyA late 19th century whisky distilleryAlcohol by volume at least 40 IngredientsRye Wheat Barley Corn Malt Peat Oak Water Sugar mapleAn old whisky still Copper pot stills at Auchentoshan Distillery in Scotland Malted barley is an ingredient of some whiskies Empty oak barrels waiting to be filled with whisky at the White and MacKay distillery in Invergordon Spirit still at St George s whisky distillery in Norfolk The Hiram Walker Distillery in Windsor Ontario Established in 1858 it is the oldest functioning distillery in the province Scotch whisky Jasper Newton Jack Daniel Glenfiddich Distillery stills A charred oak barrel used to age whiskey Inside Sullivans Cove distillery in Tasmania Australia Tennessee whiskey aging in charred new oak barrels at the Jack Daniel s distillery Macallan Distillery production hall Making charcoal at the Jack Daniel Distillery Four Roses Distillery Recently filled barrels of Woodford Reserve bourbon outside of the rickhouse where they will be stacked and stored during the aging process Jim Beam Distillery Whisky also spelled whiskey is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash Various grains which may be malted are used in different varieties including barley corn rye and wheat Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks generally made of charred white oak Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide It encompasses many national expressions and variations The typical unifying characteristics of the different expressions and variations are the fermentation of grains distillation and aging in wooden barrels The spelling whiskey is commonly used in Ireland and the United States while whisky is used almost exclusively in other whisky producing countries 1 Contents 1 National varieties 2 Types of whisky 3 Individuals related to whisky 4 Places related to whisky 4 1 North American 4 2 Europe 5 Events related to whisky 5 1 United States 6 Creating Whisky 6 1 Ingredients 6 2 Chemistry 6 3 Processes 6 4 Equipment 6 5 Production 6 5 1 Distillers 6 5 1 1 Lists of distillers 6 5 2 Brands 6 5 3 Laws and regulations 7 Community 7 1 Events and tourism 7 2 Publications 7 3 Magazines 7 4 Books 8 Whisky Lists 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 External linksNational varieties EditAmerican whiskeys are distilled from a fermented mash of cereal grain It must have the taste aroma and other characteristics commonly attributed to whisky American whisky must be distilled to no more than 80 alcohol by volume and barrelled at no more than 125 proof Only water may be added to the final product the addition of colouring or flavouring is prohibited These whiskys must be aged in new charred oak containers except for corn whisky which does not have to be aged If it is aged it must be in uncharred oak barrels or in used barrels Corn whisky is usually unaged and sold as a legal version of moonshine Australian whiskys are mainly produced using a very similar process to that of Scottish whisky however the flavour of Australian whisky is subtly different 2 Although the majority of whisky produced in Australia is in the single malt style there is more variation than what is found overseas with no strict customs or traditions governing the styles produced Multiple styles of whisky are produced in Australia including single malt rye wheat and blended whisky 3 Canadian whiskys are usually blended multi grain whiskys containing a large percentage of corn spirits and are typically lighter and smoother than other whisky styles 4 When Canadian distillers began adding small amounts of highly flavourful rye grain to their mashes people began demanding this new rye flavoured whisky referring to it simply as rye Today as for the past two centuries the terms rye whisky and Canadian whisky are used interchangeably in Canada English whisky is usually a single malt whisky 5 Finnish whisky French whisky is traditionally made in Brittany from malted buckwheat Georgian whisky was first made by Georgian wine maker co founder of Askaneli Brothers Jimsher Chkhaidze JIMSHER whisky is made by traditional Scottish method and other Georgia whiskys have followed suit German whisky resemble those made in Ireland Scotland and the United States single malts blends wheat and bourbon like styles Indian whiskys are commonly blends based on neutral spirits that are distilled from fermented molasses Grain with only a small portion consisting of traditional malt whisky usually about 10 to 12 percent Outside India such a drink would more likely be labelled a rum 6 7 According to the Scotch Whisky Association s 2013 annual report there is no compulsory definition of whisky in India and the Indian voluntary standard does not require whisky to be distilled from cereals or to be matured 8 Molasses based blends make up 90 percent of the spirits consumed as whisky in India 9 Irish whiskey is whiskey made on the island of Ireland The word whiskey or whisky comes from the Irish or Gaelic uisce beatha meaning water of life Irish whiskey has a smoother finish as opposed to the smoky earthy overtones common to Scotch whisky in part due to peating 10 Peat is rarely used in the malting process elsewhere There are notable exceptions to these rules in both countries Japanese whiskys are both single malt and blended whiskies The base is a mash of malted barley dried in kilns fired with a little peat although less than what is used for some peated Scotch whiskies and is distilled using the pot still method 11 12 Mexican whisky Scotch whisky Scottish Gaelic uisge beatha na h Alba often simply called whisky or Scotch is malt whisky or grain whisky or a blend of the two made in Scotland It must be made in a manner specified by law 13 There were 141 Scotch whisky distilleries operating in Scotland 14 Single malt Scotchs must have been distilled at a single distillery using a pot still distillation process and made from a mash of malted barley 15 16 Single grain Scotch is a Scotch whisky distilled at a single distillery but in addition to water and malted barley may involve whole grains of other malted or unmalted cereals Single grain does not mean that only a single type of grain was used to produce the whisky but that it was distilled at a single distillery 17 Blended malt Scotch whisky Blended grain Scotch whisky Blended Scotch whiskyTaiwanese whisky Welsh whiskyTypes of whisky EditBlended malt whisky is a mixture of single malt whiskies from different distilleries If a whisky is labelled pure malt or just malt it is almost certainly a blended malt whisky This was formerly called a vatted malt whisky Blended whisky is made from a mixture of different types of whisky A blend may contain whisky from many distilleries so that the blender can produce a flavour consistent with the brand Bourbon whiskey is made in the United States from mash that consists of at least 51 corn maize and aged in new charred oak barrels Buckwheat whisky is made entirely or principally from buckwheat Cask strength also known as barrel proof is bottled from the cask undiluted or only lightly diluted Corn whiskey is made from mash that consists of at least 80 corn and is not aged or if aged is aged in uncharred or used barrels Four grain whisky Grain whisky or Light whisky is made from any type of grain at more than 80 alcohol by volume and stored in used or uncharred new oak containers Malt whisky is made from mash that consists of at least 51 malted barley Millet Whisky Oat Whisky Rye malt whisky is made from mash that consists of at least 51 malted rye Rye whisky is made from mash that consists of at least 51 rye Single cask whisky also known as single barrel are whiskies bottled from an individual cask Single malt whisky is whisky from a single distillery made from a mash that uses only one particular malted grain Unless the whisky is described as single cask it contains whisky from many casks and different years so the blender can achieve a taste recognisable as typical of the distillery Spirit whiskey is a mixture of neutral spirits and at least 5 of certain stricter categories of whisky Straight whisky is distilled from a fermented malted or unmalted cereal grain mash to a concentration not exceeding 80 alcohol by volume abv and aged in new charred oak barrels for at least two years at a concentration not exceeding 62 5 at the start of the aging process 18 Tennessee whiskey is straight whiskey produced in the U S state of Tennessee and uses a filtering step known as the Lincoln County Process Wheat whiskey is made from mash that consists of at least 51 wheat Individuals related to whisky EditJasper Newton Jack Daniel was an American distiller and businessman best known as the founder of the Jack Daniel s Tennessee whiskey distillery George A Dickel founded George A Dickel and Company a wholesaling firm which bought whiskey from regional distillers and distributed it in barrels jugs and bottles Nathan Nearest Green was a former slave and master distiller who taught distilling techniques to Jack Daniel John Johnnie Walker was a Scottish grocer who originated what would become one of the world s most famous whisky brand names Johnnie Walker William Grant was a Scottish distiller and entrepreneur who founded William Grant amp Sons the manufacturer of Glenfiddich Places related to whisky EditSee also List of historic whisky distilleries North American Edit George Washington s DistilleryEurope Edit The Old Bushmills Distillery is a distillery in Bushmills County Antrim Northern Ireland and is the oldest operating whiskey distillery The company that originally built the distillery was formed in 1784 although the date 1608 is printed on the label of the brand referring to an earlier date when a royal licence was granted to a local landowner to distil whiskey in the area 19 20 After various periods of closure in its subsequent history the distillery has been in continuous operation since it was rebuilt after a fire in 1885 Scotland was traditionally divided into four regions The Highlands The Lowlands The Isle of Islay and Campbeltown with a Speyside more recently The whisky producing islands other than Islay are not recognised as a distinct region by the Scotch Whisky Association which groups them into the Highlands region a 21 Campbeltown a small western coastal town was once home to over 30 distilleries but now has only three in operation 22 The Islands an unrecognised sub region of the Highlands includes all of the whisky producing islands but excludes Islay 23 24 Islay ˈ aɪ l e is produced on the island of Islay Scotland 25 The Highlands The Highlands is by far the largest region in Scotland both in area and in whisky production This massive area has over 30 distilleries on the mainland The Lowlands district covers much of the Central Belt and the South of Scotland including Edinburgh amp The Lothians Glasgow amp The Clyde Valley the Kingdom of Fife Ayrshire Dumfries amp Galloway and the Scottish Borders 26 Speyside Speyside gets its name from the River Spey which cuts through this region and provides water to many of the distilleries Events related to whisky EditUnited States Edit Prohibition in the United States Whiskey RebellionCreating Whisky EditMain article Production of whisky Ingredients Edit Barley Charcoal Corn Malt Oak Peat Rye Sour mash Sugar maple Water WheatChemistry Edit Acetals Carbonyl group Carboxylic acid cis 3 Methyl 4 octanolide Coumarin Diacetyl Ester Lactone Naturally occurring phenols Scopoletin Syringaldehyde Tannin Terpene VanillinProcesses Edit Chill filtering Concentration Distillation Evaporation Extraction Fermentation in food processing Filtration Finishing whisky Lincoln County Process Mashing RedoxEquipment Edit Column still Pot still Spirit safe Still Whiskey thiefProduction Edit Bottled in bond Cask strength Master blender Single barrel whiskey Small batch whiskey Straight whiskeyDistillers Edit Independent bottlerLists of distillers Edit List of historic whisky distilleries List of whisky distilleries in EuropeList of whisky distilleries in Scotland List of whiskey distilleries in IrelandList of whisky distilleries in North AmericaList of whiskey distilleries in the United StatesList of whisky distilleries in South America List of whisky distilleries in Africa List of whisky distilleries in Asia and OceaniaBrands Edit List of whisky brandsLaws and regulations Edit Scotch Whisky Regulations 2009 Volstead ActCommunity EditScotch Whisky AssociationEvents and tourism Edit American Whiskey Trail Kentucky Bourbon Trail Scotch Whisky Experience Scotland s Malt Whisky TrailPublications Edit Magazines Edit Whisky magazine Whisky Advocate magazine Books Edit Jim Murray s Whisky Bible World Atlas of WhiskyWhisky Lists EditSee also Lists of Distillers List of whisky brands List of historic whisky distilleries List of whisky CocktailsSee also Edit Liquor portal Drink portalAlcohol by volume Alcohol proof Barrel Congener beverages Distilled Spirits Council of the United States Liquor Manx Spirit Moonshine Poitin Rectified spirit SherryNotes Edit Although only five regions are specified any Scottish locale may be used to describe a whisky if it is distilled entirely within that place for example a single malt whisky distilled on Orkney could be described as Orkney Single Malt Scotch WhiskysfnReferences Edit Zandona Eric et al March 2013 A World Guide to Whisk e y Distilleries Hayward White Mule Press ISBN 978 0983638940 Middleton Chris 2011 Australian Whisky Whisky Phoenix Rises a Short History of Australian Whisky Distillation Chemistry in Australia 78 18 22 The rise of the craft Australian distilleries Part 1 www diffordsguide com Retrieved 23 April 2020 What is Canadian Whisky whisky com What is English whisky Scotchwhisky com 30 January 2019 Retrieved 13 November 2020 Where Whisky Can Be Rum from The Wall Street Journal 26 August 2006 Retrieved 27 January 2012 subscription required Peachey Paul 3 March 2006 Battle for the world s largest whisky market India South Africa Mail amp Guardian Archived from the original on 1 June 2008 Retrieved 14 May 2014 Scotch whisky makers threaten action against Indian blends Business Standard PTI 12 May 2014 Retrieved 12 May 2014 India stretches whisky market lead Beverage Daily 13 January 2004 Retrieved 25 June 2007 The Difference Between Scotch and whisky www theirishplace com 5 Things You Need To Know About Japanese Whisky Time Retrieved 9 June 2020 Staff words VinePair Japanese Whisky Guide Learn About Japanese Whisky VinePair Retrieved 9 June 2020 Scotch Whisky Regulations Government of the United Kingdom Facts amp Figures The Scotch Whisky Association Retrieved 20 November 2022 How Single Malt Whisky Is Made Whisky com www whisky com Scotch Whisky FAQs Scotch Whisky Association How is Whisky Made 2 October 2019 Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits Title 27 Code of Federal Regulations Pt 5 22 1 iii PDF Retrieved 10 November 2020 Old Bushmills History official website Alternative Whisky Academy Whisky Regions amp Tours Scotch Whisky Association Archived from the original on 26 July 2018 Retrieved 13 May 2014 Campbeltown Whisky Distilleries Map amp Tours VisitScotland Scotch Whisky Regions Scotch Whisky Association Powell Tom 31 July 2018 The beginner s guide to scotch whisky Foodism Islay Malt Whisky and Islay Whisky Distilleries Map www islayinfo com Retrieved 14 May 2019 Lowland Whisky Map amp Distillery Tours Near Edinburgh amp Glasgow VisitScotland External links EditAbout Whisky Whisky com Map of distillers American Distilling Institute Types of Whiskies Whisky com Whiskypedia The World of Whisky ScotchWisky com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Outline of whisky amp oldid 1149608346, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
