Wikipedia
Order of the Yugoslav Star
The Order of the Yugoslav Star[a] was the highest national order of merit awarded in Yugoslavia.[1] It was divided into four classes. The highest class, the Yugoslav Great Star was the highest state decoration awarded in Yugoslavia. The order was mostly awarded to foreign heads of state for the development and strengthening of peace and cooperation between nations.
| Order of the Yugoslav Star | |
|---|---|
| Type | National order of merit in 4 Classes |
| Country | Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro |
| Ribbon | |
| Awarded for | Development and strengthening of peace and cooperation between nations |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Highest (1954–1992) Order of Yugoslavia (1998–2006) |
| Next (lower) | Order of Freedom |
The Order of the Yugoslav Star was also the second highest order of merit in Serbia and Montenegro.
History
Order of the Yugoslav Star was founded by the President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito on 1 February 1954 and had three Classes.[2] Law on Decorations was amended on 1 March 1961, so from then on, the Order had four Classes:
- Yugoslav Great Star — highest decoration in SFR Yugoslavia
- Yugoslav Star with Sash (before 1961 Order of the Yugoslav Star, I Class) — 6th highest decoration in SFR Yugoslavia
- Yugoslav Star with Golden Wreath (before 1961 Order of the Yugoslav Star, II Class) — 14th highest decoration in SFR Yugoslavia
- Yugoslav Star on Cravat (before 1961 Order of the Yugoslav Star, III Class) — 24th highest decoration in SFR Yugoslavia
After the Breakup of Yugoslavia, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (and later Serbia and Montenegro) continued to use some of the decorations of former Yugoslavia, among them Order of the Yugoslav Star.[2] In the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Order of the Yugoslav Star was the second highest order after the Order of Yugoslavia.[3] During this time the four Classes of the order were named:[3]
- Yugoslav Great Star — 2nd highest decoration in FR Yugoslavia (after the Order of Yugoslavia)
- Yugoslav Star, I Class — 7th highest decoration in FR Yugoslavia
- Yugoslav Star, II Class — 20th highest decoration in FR Yugoslavia
- Yugoslav Star, III Class — 31st highest decoration in FR Yugoslavia
Recipients
The Order was usually awarded to foreign heads of state and other distinguished foreigners who visited Yugoslavia. Up to 1985, the Yugoslav Great Star was awarded 127 times of which 115 to foreigners and 12 to Yugoslav citizens.[4] Some of the notable recipients of the Yugoslav Great Star (or Yugoslav Star, I Class before 1961) are:
Recipients of the SFRY
- Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia – awarded on 1 February 1954[5]
- Paul I, King of Greece – awarded on 2 June 1954[6]
- Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia – awarded on 21 July 1954[7]
- Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan – awarded on 1 November 1960[citation needed]
- Hassan II, King of Morocco – awarded on 1 April 1961[citation needed]
- Leonid Brezhnev, Soviet leader – awarded in 1962[7][8]
- Sukarno, president of Indonesia – awarded on 16 October 1963[9]
- Elena Ceaușescu, wife of President of Romania and Deputy Prime Minister of Romania – awarded 1964[7]
- Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia – awarded in 1965
- Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran – awarded on 3 June 1966[7]
- Nicolae Ceaușescu, President of Romania awarded 1966[7]
- Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia – awarded on 17 January 1968[citation needed]
- Jacques Chaban-Delmas, Prime Minister of France[10]
- Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom – awarded on 19 October 1972[11]
- Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh – awarded on 19 October 1972[12]
- Soeharto, President of Indonesia – awarded on 1975
- Siti Hartinah, First Lady of Indonesia – awarded on 1975
- Ziaur Rahman, President of Bangladesh[13]
- Olav V, King of Norway[14]
- Harald V, Crown Prince of Norway[15]
- Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark[16]
- Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark[17]
- Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden[18]
- Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland[19]
- Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland
- Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea[20]
- Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Prime Minister of Mongolia[18]
- Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General of the United Nations[7]
- Todor Zhivkov, President of Bulgaria[7]
- Jean-Bédel Bokassa, Emperor of Central Africa[7]
- Gaafar Nimeiry, President of the Sudan[21]
- Edward Gierek, First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party
- Birendra, King of Nepal – awarded on 2 February 1974[citation needed]
- Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait – awarded on 3 February 1979[citation needed]
- Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands – awarded on 20 August 1970[22]
- Bernhard, Prince consort of the Netherlands – awarded on 20 August 1970[23]
- Hussein I, King of Jordan – awarded on 11 February 1979[citation needed]
- Francisco da Costa Gomes, President of Portugal – awarded on 29 April 1976
- Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, President of Iraq[24]
- Celâl Bayar, President of Turkey[25]
Recipients of the FRY and Serbia and Montenegro
- Muammar al-Gaddafi, leader of Libya – awarded on 26 October 1999[7][26]
- Igor Sergeyev, Marshal of the Russian Federation, Defence Minister – awarded on 23 December 1999[27]
- Li Peng, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress – awarded on 12 June 2000[28]
- Akihito, Emperor of Japan[29]
- Ion Iliescu, President of Romania – awarded on 8 September 2004[30]
See also
Notes
- ^ Croatian: Orden jugoslavenske zvijezde
Serbian: Орден југословенске звезде, Orden jugoslovenske zvezde
Slovene: Red jugoslovanske zvezde
Macedonian: Орден на југословенската ѕвезда, Orden na jugoslovenskata zvezda
References
- ^ Orders and Decorations of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 1945-90 by Lukasz Gaszewski 2000, 2003
- ^ a b Standard magazin: Srbija ponovo deli odlikovanja 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine, br.133, 05.12.2008. (in Serbian)
- ^ a b Orders and Decorations of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 1990- by Lukasz Gaszewski 2000, 2003
- ^ Samler.ru: Order of the Yugoslav Grand Star (in Russian)
- ^ see: Awards and decorations of Josip Broz Tito
- ^ "Visit of Greece and official dinner". Retrieved 17 December 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Dragović, Rade (6 April 2011). "Srpski orden na ruskim grudima" [Serbian Medals on Russian Chests] (in Serbian). Večernje novosti. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
- ^ warheroes.ru: Брежнев Леонид Ильич, Смыслов О.С. "Загадки советских наград. 1918-1991 годы." - М.: "Вече", 2005, с. 214-216. (in Russian)
- ^ Soekarno 2013-09-21 at the Wayback Machine by Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia (1989)
- ^ ORDRE DE LA LIBERATION: Jacques Chaban-Delmas (in French)
- ^ see: List of titles and honours of Queen Elizabeth II
- ^ see: List of titles and honours of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
- ^ বাংলাদেশের রাজনৈতিক ঘটনাপঞ্জি ১৯৭১-২০১১-মুহাম্মদ হাবিবুর রহমান ||ROKOMARI.COM|| 24 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Royal House of Norway web page on King Olav V's decorations (in Norwegian) Retrieved 5 October 2007
- ^ Royal House of Norway web page on The Decorations of HM The King (in Norwegian) Retrieved 5 October 2007
- ^ The Danish Monarchy official site: H.M. Dronningens dekorationer 2010-03-18 at the Wayback Machine (in Danish)
- ^ The Danish Monarchy official site: H.K.H. Prinsgemalens dekorationer 2010-03-18 at the Wayback Machine (in Danish)
- ^ a b Samler.ru: Фото награжденных, (in Russian) retrieved 7 October 2012
- ^ "Jugoslavian Suuren Tähden ritarikunnan suurristi rintatähdellä.; kunniamerkki". Finna (in Finnish). Coin Chamber, The National Museum of Finland. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ "Kim Il Sung". Who's Who in Asian and Australasian Politics. London: Bowker-Saur. 1991. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-86291-593-3.
- ^ Samler.ru: Фото награжденных 2: 1. Dzafar Nimeiri. (in Russian)
- ^ IN MEMORIAM HARE MAJESTEIT KONINGIN JULIANA (in Dutch)
- ^ In dienst van Oranje: Prins Bernhard, Prins der Nederlanden (in Dutch)
- ^ Acović, Dragomir (2012). Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. p. 603.
- ^ Acović, Dragomir (2012). Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. p. 638.
- ^ Kosova Crisis Center: Gaddafi Given Yugoslavia's Top Medal By Milosevic 2011-05-15 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters, October 26, 1999 06:22 AM EDT
- ^ Маршал Сергеев дождался звезды (in Russian)
- ^ "Milošević uručio Li Pengu orden velike jugoslovenske zvezde" [Milosevic awarded the order of the Great Yugoslav Star to Li Peng]. B92. 12 June 2000. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
- ^ (in Serbian). Tendoryu Aikido Novi Sad. 12 December 2010. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ Vukelić, Dejan (9 September 2004). "Odlikovanja šakom i kapom" (in Serbian). Blic. Retrieved 8 December 2014.