Jaber received his early education at Al-Mubarakiya School, Al-Ahmediya School, and Al-Sharqiya School, and was subsequently tutored privately in English, Arabic, religion and the sciences.[5]
In 1962, he was appointed as Kuwait's minister of finance when the ministry was established.[2][7] In this position, Jaber was tasked with putting the new Kuwaiti dinar into circulation and establishing the Kuwaiti Currency Board, of which he was the chair. As minister, Jaber adopted, and was the first chairman of, the Kuwaiti Fund for Arab Economic Development from 1962 to 1964.[8] The Fund provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries. The country's oil revenues transformed it from a largely rural seafaring society to a modern state. During this time, the Fund expanded to aid five countries and gave loans to another eight.[9] The money going into the fund came from oil earnings.[9]
After Iraq claimed sovereignty over Kuwait in 1961, following independence from Great Britain,[10] Al-Sabah led a delegation to the Arab League to resolve the issue.[11] The United Kingdom informed Iraqi Prime Minister Abd al-Karim Qasim that it would militarily assist Kuwait in the event of military action, leading to Operation Vantage.[10][12] Iraq recognised Kuwait's independence in 1963, though it disputed the borders.[13]
Iran–Iraq War
Kuwait found itself geographically in the middle of the Iran–Iraq War that took place from 1980 to 1988. Throughout the war, the country suffered from many security threats, including a series of bombings. In 1986, one year after an attack on Jaber's motorcade,[14] there was an attack on an oil installation, which almost caused the shutdown of Kuwait's oil industry.[15]
Some sources claim that the task of the invading Iraqi forces was to capture or kill Jaber.[16][17] However, such a claimed plan was not possible with the exile of Jaber and his government to Saudi Arabia within hours of the invasion where they ran the Kuwaiti exiled government from a hotel in Ta'if, Saudi Arabia.[18]
From Ta'if, Jaber set up his government so that its ministers were in communication with the people still in Kuwait. The government was able to direct an underground armed resistance made up of both military and civilian forces and was able to provide public services to the Kuwaiti people who remained, such as emergency care through the funds that it had saved from oil revenues.[16][17] In the meantime, Jaber and his government lobbied to receive military support action against Iraq before and during the Gulf War. When the war ended on 28 February 1991, Jaber remained in Saudi Arabia while declaring three months of martial law, causing the accusation that he was trying to monopolize too much power for the small constitutional monarchy.[19] He returned to Kuwait in March 1991,[4] after American-led[20][21] efforts to restore his rule and remove the Iraqi army.[4]
By imposing martial law, government officials were able to ensure that there were no Iraqis still in Kuwait who may have attempted to once again overthrow the government. They were also tasked with making sure that the country was safe enough for Jaber and his government to return, which they eventually did on 15 March 1991.[22]
During the 2003 US invasion of Iraq, and unlike the ruling family of Saudi Arabia, Jaber openly allowed the United States to use Kuwait as a base.[4]
Personal life and death
Sheik in 1999
Al-Sabah had at least 4 wives by 1997, and 7 children.[23]
In September 2001, Jaber suffered from a stroke and went to the United Kingdom for treatment. He died on 15 January 2006, aged 79, from the cerebral hemorrhage that he had suffered in 2001[24] and was succeeded by the Crown PrinceSaad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah.[2] The government announced a 40-day period of mourning and closed office for three days.[25] Bahrain[26] has declared forty days of mourning; Jordan[27] announced seven days of mourning; Yemen,[28] Egypt,[29] Iraq,[30] Algeria,[31] Oman,[32] Syria,[33] Pakistan,[34] Mauritius[35] and State of Palestine[36] all declared three days of mourning; India[37] declared one day of mourning.[37] He was buried at Sulaibikhat Cemetery alongside his kin.[38]
Hassan, Hamdi A. (1999), The Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait: Religion, Identity and Otherness in the Analysis of War and Conflict (Series: Critical Studies on Islam); New York: Pluto (UK).
References
^Laura Etheredge (Ed.). "Persian Gulf States: Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates". New York, NY: Britannica Educational Publishing, 2011. Print. p. 53
^ abcd"His Highness Sheikh Jaber III". The Telegraph. 16 January 2006. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
^"Obituary: Sheikh Jaber, Emir of Kuwait". BBC. 15 January 2006. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
^ abcdWhitaker, Brian (16 January 2006). "The Emir of Kuwait". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
^ ab"Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah". Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2004. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
^. 4 November 2013. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^Zahlan, Rosemarie Said. "Making of the Modern A Arabian Gulf states Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman". London: Unwin Hyman, 1989. Print. p. 81
^ ab"Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development – Timeline. Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development. Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development – Timeline", 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
^ abPincus, Walter (2 April 1991). "KUWAIT CRISIS FORESHADOWED BY '61 AFFAIR". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
^"Sheikh Jābir al-Aḥmad al-Jābir al-Ṣabāḥ | emir of Kuwait". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
^Times, Kuwait (23 January 2019). "Britain proved to be great partner in good and bad times: Foreign Minister". Kuwait Times. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
^Abdulrazaq, Tallha (3 August 2020). "Iraq's invasion of Kuwait 30 years ago set up the demise of its sovereignty". TRT World. Retrieved 13 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^"Emir of Kuwait's motorcade bombed on highway". Kentucky New Era. AP. 24 May 1984. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
^Zahlan, Rosemarie Said. Making of the Modern Persian Gulf States: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989. Print. p. 44
^ abIbrahim, Youssef M. "Confrontation in the Gulf: Man in the News; The Exiled Emir: Sheikh Jaber AL-Ahmad AL-Saber AL-Sarah", The New York Times, 26 September 1996. Retrieved 16 November 2009
^Brahmani, Yourself M. "After the War: Kuwait City; Nagging Question Lies Beneath Kuwait's Rejoicing: When Is the Emir Coming Home?", The New York Times, 4 March 1997.
^"U.S. Relations With Kuwait". United States Department of State. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
^Struck, Doug. "Kuwait's love for America, Bush softens with rethinking about U.S. policy in gulf". baltimoresun.com. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
^Brahmani, Yourself M. "After the War: Kuwait; Kuwaiti Emir, Tired and Tearful, Returns to His Devastated Land", The New York Times, 15 March 1991
^Ibrahim, Youssef M. "After the War: Kuwait; Kuwaiti Emir, Tired and Tearful, Returns to His Devastated Land", The New York Times, 15 March 1997
^"Emir of Kuwait dies". Daily Record. 16 January 2006. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
^Slackman, Michael and Neil MacFarquhar. Just a few days earlier, Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the ruler from nearby Dubai, had died. "Sheik Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah, the Leader of Kuwait for 28 Years, is Dead at 79", 'The New York Times, 16 January 2006. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
^. www.kuna.net.kw. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^. www.kuna.net.kw. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"- 3 days mourning for the death of Emir of Kuwait Sheikh Jabir al-Sabah".
^. www.kuna.net.kw. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^. www.kuna.net.kw. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^. www.kuna.net.kw. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^. www.kuna.net.kw. Archived from the original on 7 January 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^. www.kuna.net.kw. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"KUNA : Pakistan announces three-day mourning on sad demise of H.H. Amir of Kuwait - Society - 15/01/2006".
jaber, ahmad, sabah, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, several, templates, tools, availabl. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as Reflinks documentation reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation September 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Sheikh Jaber al Ahmad Al Sabah 29 June 1926 15 January 2006 1 2 Arabic الشيخ جابر الأحمد الجابر الصباح romanized ash Shaykh Jabir al ʾAḥmad al Jabir aṣ Ṣabaḥ was Emir of Kuwait and Commander of the Kuwait Military Forces from 31 December 1977 until his death in 2006 Jaber Al Ahmad Al SabahEmir of KuwaitReign31 December 1977 15 January 2006PredecessorSabah IIISuccessorSaad Al Abdullah Al Salim Al SabahPrime MinistersSee list Himself 1977 1978 Saad Al Abdullah Al Salim Al Sabah 1978 2003 Sabah Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah 2003 2006 Prime Minister of KuwaitReign30 November 1965 8 February 1978PredecessorSabah Al Salim Al SabahSuccessorSaad Al Abdullah Al Salim Al SabahEmirSee list Sabah IIIHimselfBorn 1926 06 29 29 June 1926Kuwait City Sheikhdom of KuwaitDied15 January 2006 2006 01 15 aged 79 Kuwait City KuwaitBurialSulaibikhat cemetery KuwaitHouseSabahFatherAhmad Al Jaber Al SabahMotherBibi Salem Mubarak Al SabahThe third monarch to rule Kuwait since its independence from Britain Jaber had previously served as minister of finance and economy from 1962 to 1965 when he was appointed prime minister prior to becoming Kuwait s ruler 3 He was the 13th ruler in the family dynasty 4 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 2 1 Early career 2 2 Iran Iraq War 2 3 Gulf War II 3 Personal life and death 4 See also 5 Further reading 6 ReferencesEarly life and education EditJaber was born on 29 June 1926 in Kuwait City 2 He was the third son of Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah 5 Jaber received his early education at Al Mubarakiya School Al Ahmediya School and Al Sharqiya School and was subsequently tutored privately in English Arabic religion and the sciences 5 His brother Fahad Al Ahmed Al Jaber Al Sabah was killed in 1990 in the Gulf War in front of Dasman Palace 6 Career EditEarly career Edit In 1962 he was appointed as Kuwait s minister of finance when the ministry was established 2 7 In this position Jaber was tasked with putting the new Kuwaiti dinar into circulation and establishing the Kuwaiti Currency Board of which he was the chair As minister Jaber adopted and was the first chairman of the Kuwaiti Fund for Arab Economic Development from 1962 to 1964 8 The Fund provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries The country s oil revenues transformed it from a largely rural seafaring society to a modern state During this time the Fund expanded to aid five countries and gave loans to another eight 9 The money going into the fund came from oil earnings 9 After Iraq claimed sovereignty over Kuwait in 1961 following independence from Great Britain 10 Al Sabah led a delegation to the Arab League to resolve the issue 11 The United Kingdom informed Iraqi Prime Minister Abd al Karim Qasim that it would militarily assist Kuwait in the event of military action leading to Operation Vantage 10 12 Iraq recognised Kuwait s independence in 1963 though it disputed the borders 13 Iran Iraq War Edit Kuwait found itself geographically in the middle of the Iran Iraq War that took place from 1980 to 1988 Throughout the war the country suffered from many security threats including a series of bombings In 1986 one year after an attack on Jaber s motorcade 14 there was an attack on an oil installation which almost caused the shutdown of Kuwait s oil industry 15 Gulf War II Edit President Bush with Jaber Al Ahmad Al Sabah on the South Lawn of the White House 1990 Main article Gulf War Some sources claim that the task of the invading Iraqi forces was to capture or kill Jaber 16 17 However such a claimed plan was not possible with the exile of Jaber and his government to Saudi Arabia within hours of the invasion where they ran the Kuwaiti exiled government from a hotel in Ta if Saudi Arabia 18 From Ta if Jaber set up his government so that its ministers were in communication with the people still in Kuwait The government was able to direct an underground armed resistance made up of both military and civilian forces and was able to provide public services to the Kuwaiti people who remained such as emergency care through the funds that it had saved from oil revenues 16 17 In the meantime Jaber and his government lobbied to receive military support action against Iraq before and during the Gulf War When the war ended on 28 February 1991 Jaber remained in Saudi Arabia while declaring three months of martial law causing the accusation that he was trying to monopolize too much power for the small constitutional monarchy 19 He returned to Kuwait in March 1991 4 after American led 20 21 efforts to restore his rule and remove the Iraqi army 4 By imposing martial law government officials were able to ensure that there were no Iraqis still in Kuwait who may have attempted to once again overthrow the government They were also tasked with making sure that the country was safe enough for Jaber and his government to return which they eventually did on 15 March 1991 22 During the 2003 US invasion of Iraq and unlike the ruling family of Saudi Arabia Jaber openly allowed the United States to use Kuwait as a base 4 Personal life and death Edit Sheik in 1999 Al Sabah had at least 4 wives by 1997 and 7 children 23 In September 2001 Jaber suffered from a stroke and went to the United Kingdom for treatment He died on 15 January 2006 aged 79 from the cerebral hemorrhage that he had suffered in 2001 24 and was succeeded by the Crown Prince Saad Al Abdullah Al Salim Al Sabah 2 The government announced a 40 day period of mourning and closed office for three days 25 Bahrain 26 has declared forty days of mourning Jordan 27 announced seven days of mourning Yemen 28 Egypt 29 Iraq 30 Algeria 31 Oman 32 Syria 33 Pakistan 34 Mauritius 35 and State of Palestine 36 all declared three days of mourning India 37 declared one day of mourning 37 He was buried at Sulaibikhat Cemetery alongside his kin 38 See also EditHouse of Al Sabah Flag of KuwaitFurther reading EditHassan Hamdi A 1999 The Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait Religion Identity and Otherness in the Analysis of War and Conflict Series Critical Studies on Islam New York Pluto UK References Edit Laura Etheredge Ed Persian Gulf States Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman and the United Arab Emirates New York NY Britannica Educational Publishing 2011 Print p 53 a b c d His Highness Sheikh Jaber III The Telegraph 16 January 2006 Retrieved 10 September 2014 Obituary Sheikh Jaber Emir of Kuwait BBC 15 January 2006 Retrieved 10 September 2014 a b c d Whitaker Brian 16 January 2006 The Emir of Kuwait The Guardian Retrieved 16 October 2021 a b Jaber Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah Encyclopedia of World Biography 2004 Retrieved 24 October 2014 When our flag lost its sky and only hearts remembered 4 November 2013 Archived from the original on 4 November 2013 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link وزارة المالية دولة الكويت www mof gov kw Zahlan Rosemarie Said Making of the Modern A Arabian Gulf states Kuwait Bahrain Qatar the United Arab Emirates and Oman London Unwin Hyman 1989 Print p 81 a b Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development Timeline Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development Timeline 2009 Retrieved 30 November 2009 a b Pincus Walter 2 April 1991 KUWAIT CRISIS FORESHADOWED BY 61 AFFAIR Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved 13 September 2021 Sheikh Jabir al Aḥmad al Jabir al Ṣabaḥ emir of Kuwait Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 13 September 2021 Times Kuwait 23 January 2019 Britain proved to be great partner in good and bad times Foreign Minister Kuwait Times Retrieved 13 September 2021 Abdulrazaq Tallha 3 August 2020 Iraq s invasion of Kuwait 30 years ago set up the demise of its sovereignty TRT World Retrieved 13 September 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Emir of Kuwait s motorcade bombed on highway Kentucky New Era AP 24 May 1984 Retrieved 24 October 2014 Zahlan Rosemarie Said Making of the Modern Persian Gulf States Kuwait Bahrain Qatar the United Arab Emirates and Oman London Unwin Hyman 1989 Print p 44 a b Ibrahim Youssef M Confrontation in the Gulf Man in the News The Exiled Emir Sheikh Jaber AL Ahmad AL Saber AL Sarah The New York Times 26 September 1996 Retrieved 16 November 2009 a b http www da gov kw neg incandescent amphetamine Sheikh Saad Al Abdullah Al Salem Al Sabah the 14th Ruler and 4th Emir http www da gov kw eng picsandevents amir14 php Archived 24 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine Sheikh Saad Abdullah Al Salem Al Sabah the 14th Ruler and 4th Emir Brahmani Yourself M After the War Kuwait City Nagging Question Lies Beneath Kuwait s Rejoicing When Is the Emir Coming Home The New York Times 4 March 1997 U S Relations With Kuwait United States Department of State Retrieved 16 October 2021 Struck Doug Kuwait s love for America Bush softens with rethinking about U S policy in gulf baltimoresun com Retrieved 16 October 2021 Brahmani Yourself M After the War Kuwait Kuwaiti Emir Tired and Tearful Returns to His Devastated Land The New York Times 15 March 1991 Ibrahim Youssef M After the War Kuwait Kuwaiti Emir Tired and Tearful Returns to His Devastated Land The New York Times 15 March 1997 Emir of Kuwait dies Daily Record 16 January 2006 Retrieved 20 April 2013 Slackman Michael and Neil MacFarquhar Just a few days earlier Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum the ruler from nearby Dubai had died Sheik Jaber al Ahmad al Sabah the Leader of Kuwait for 28 Years is Dead at 79 The New York Times 16 January 2006 Retrieved 30 November 2009 Archived copy www kuna net kw Archived from the original on 21 March 2009 Retrieved 15 May 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Archived copy www kuna net kw Archived from the original on 21 March 2009 Retrieved 15 May 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link 3 days mourning for the death of Emir of Kuwait Sheikh Jabir al Sabah Archived copy www kuna net kw Archived from the original on 21 March 2009 Retrieved 15 May 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Archived copy www kuna net kw Archived from the original on 15 January 2009 Retrieved 15 May 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Archived copy www kuna net kw Archived from the original on 15 January 2009 Retrieved 15 May 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Archived copy www kuna net kw Archived from the original on 7 January 2009 Retrieved 15 May 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Archived copy www kuna net kw Archived from the original on 21 March 2009 Retrieved 15 May 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link KUNA Pakistan announces three day mourning on sad demise of H H Amir of Kuwait Society 15 01 2006 http m portalangop co ao angola en us noticias africa 2006 0 3 Mauritanians mourn late Kuwait Emir 3334ca97 1dd9 4c5e b259 7b26759a84f0 html Archived copy www kuna net kw Archived from the original on 21 March 2009 Retrieved 15 May 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link a b Archived copy www kuna net kw Archived from the original on 21 March 2009 Retrieved 15 May 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Kuwait s Emir Sheikh Jaber buried BBC News 15 January 2006 Jaber Al Ahmad Al SabahHouse of SabahBorn 29 June 1926 Died 15 January 2006Regnal titlesPreceded bySabah Al Salim Al Sabah Emir of Kuwait1977 2006 Succeeded bySaad I Al Abdullah Al Salim Al Sabah Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jaber Al Ahmad Al Sabah amp oldid 1142473789, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
