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Wikipedia

Reality Labs

December 18, 2023

Not to be confused with Reality Lab.

Reality Labs is a business and research unit of Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook Inc.) that produces virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) hardware and software, including virtual reality headsets such as Quest, and online platforms such as Horizon Worlds. In June 2022, several artificial intelligence (AI) initiatives that were previously a part of Meta AI were transitioned to Reality Labs. This also includes Meta's fundamental AI Research laboratory FAIR which is now part of the Reality Labs - Research (RLR) division.[2]

Reality Labs
Formerly
Facebook Reality Labs (2020⁠–⁠2021)
TypeDivision
Founded2020 
HeadquartersUnited States
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
Revenue US$2.16 billion (2022)
US$–13.72 billion (2022)
Number of employees
17,000 (2022) 
ParentMeta Platforms
Websiteabout.meta.com/realitylabs
Footnotes / references
[1]

The Reality Labs unit is the result of the merger of several initiatives under Meta Platforms and the incorporation of several acquired companies. This includes CTRL-Labs founded by Thomas Reardon which develops non-invasive neural interface technology as well as Oculus, a company that was founded in 2012 by Palmer Luckey, Brendan Iribe, Michael Antonov and Nate Mitchell to develop a VR headset for video gaming.[3][4]

History edit

Founding edit

 
Oculus Rift DK2 worn at a research showcase (Leap Motion sensor attached to the front)

As a head-mounted display (HMD) designer at the University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies, Palmer Luckey earned a reputation for having the largest personal collection of HMDs in the world and was a longtime moderator in Meant to be Seen (MTBS)'s discussion forums.[5]

Palmer created a series of new technologies that resulted in a VR headset that was both higher performance than what was currently on the market and was also inexpensive for gamers. To develop the new product, Luckey founded Oculus VR with Scaleform co-founders Brendan Iribe and Michael Antonov,[6] Nate Mitchell and Andrew Scott Reisse.[7]

Coincidentally, John Carmack of id Software had been doing his research on HMDs and happened upon Palmer's developments. After sampling an early unit, Carmack favored Luckey's prototype, and just before the 2012 Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3), id Software announced that the BFG Edition of Doom 3 would be compatible with head-mounted display units.[8]

During the convention, Carmack introduced a duct-taped head-mounted display, based on Palmer's Oculus Rift prototype, which ran Carmack's software. The unit featured a high-speed IMU and a 5.6-inch (14 cm) LCD, visible via dual lenses that were positioned over the eyes to provide a 90 degree horizontal and 110 degree vertical stereoscopic 3D perspective.[9][10] Carmack later left id Software as he was hired as Oculus VR's Chief technology officer.[11]

Funding for Oculus Rift and company edit

 
Lenses inside an Oculus headset

The Oculus Rift prototype was demonstrated at E3 in June 2012. On August 1, 2012, the company announced a Kickstarter campaign to further develop the product. Oculus announced that the "dev kit" version of the Oculus Rift would be given as a reward to backers who pledged $300 or more on Kickstarter, with an expected shipping date set of December 2012 (though they did not actually ship until March 2013).[12]

There was also a limited run of 100 unassembled Rift prototype kits for pledges over $275 that would ship a month earlier. Both versions were intended to include Doom 3 BFG Edition, but Rift support in the game was not ready, so to make up for it they included a choice of discount vouchers for either Steam or the Oculus store.[citation needed] Within four hours of the announcement, Oculus secured its intended amount of US$250,000,[13][14] and in less than 36 hours, the campaign had surpassed $1 million in funding,[15] eventually ending with $2,437,429.[16]

On December 12, 2013, Marc Andreessen joined the company's board when his firm, Andreessen Horowitz, led the $75 million Series B venture funding.[17] In total, Oculus VR has raised $91 million with $2.4 million raised via crowdfunding.[citation needed]

Acquisition by Facebook edit

Although Oculus only released a development prototype of its headset, on March 25, 2014, Mark Zuckerberg announced that Facebook, Inc. would be acquiring Oculus for US$2 billion, pending regulatory approval. The deal included $400 million in cash and 23.1 million common shares of Facebook, valued at $1.6 billion, as well as an additional $300 million assuming Facebook reaches certain milestones.[18][19][20] This move was ridiculed by some backers who felt the acquisition was counter to the independent ideology of crowdfunding.[21]

Many Kickstarter backers and game industry figures, such as Minecraft developer Markus Persson, criticized the sale of Oculus to Facebook.[22][23] On March 28, 2014, Michael Abrash joined the company as Chief Scientist.[24] As of January 2015, the Oculus headquarters has been moved from Irvine, California to Menlo Park, where Facebook's headquarters are also located. Oculus has stated that this move is for their employees to be closer to Silicon Valley.[25]

In May 2015, Oculus acquired British company Surreal Vision, a company based on 3D scene-mapping reconstruction and augmented reality. News reported that Oculus and Surreal Vision could create "mixed reality" technology in Oculus' products, similar to the upcoming HMD, Microsoft HoloLens.[26] They reported that Oculus, with Surreal's help, will make telepresence possible.[27]

On March 28, 2016, the first consumer version of Oculus Rift, Oculus Rift "CV1", was released.[28] In October 2017, Oculus unveiled the standalone mobile headset Oculus Go in partnership with Chinese electronics manufacturer Xiaomi.[29] On December 28, 2016, Facebook acquired Danish eye tracking startup The Eye Tribe.[30] In September 2018, Oculus became a division of a new structural entity within Facebook known as Facebook Technologies, LLC.[31] Facebook announced in August 2018 they had entered negotiations to lease the entire Burlingame Point campus in Burlingame, California, then under construction.[32] The lease was executed in late 2018, and the site, owned by Kylli, a subsidiary of Genzon Investment Group, is expected to be complete by 2020.[33] Oculus was expected to move to Burlingame Point when development is complete.[34]

In February 2019, Facebook released Oculus Quest, a high-end standalone headset.[35] In March 2019, Facebook unveiled Oculus Rift S, an updated revision of the original Rift PC headset in partnership with Chinese electronics manufacturer Lenovo, which featured updated hardware and features carried over from the Go and Quest.[36][37]

On August 13, 2019, Nate Mitchell, Oculus co-founder and VP of product announced his departure from the company.[38] On November 13, 2019, John Carmack wrote in a Facebook post that he would step down as CTO of Oculus to focus on developing artificial general intelligence. He stated he would remain involved with the company as a "Consulting CTO".[39]

In September 2020, Facebook unveiled Oculus Quest 2, an update to the original Quest with a revised design and updated hardware.[40]

Facebook integration edit

Upon the acquisition of Oculus by Facebook, Inc., Luckey "guaranteed" that "you won't need to log into your Facebook account every time you wanna use the Oculus Rift."[41][42] Under its ownership, Oculus has been promoted as a brand of Facebook rather than an independent entity and has increasingly integrated Facebook platforms into Oculus products.[43][44][45] Support for optional Facebook integration was added to Gear VR in March 2016, with a focus on integration with the social network, and integrations with features such as Facebook Video and social games.[46] By 2016, the division began to be largely marketed as Oculus from Facebook.[47]

In September 2016, support for optional Facebook integration was added to the Oculus Rift software, automatically populating the friends list with Facebook friends who have also linked their accounts (displaying them to each other under their real names, but still displaying screen names to anyone else).[45] Users have been increasingly encouraged to use Facebook accounts to sign into its services (although standalone accounts not directly linked to the service were still supported).[48]

In 2018, Oculus VR became a division of Facebook Technologies, LLC, to create "a single legal entity that can support multiple Facebook technology and hardware products" (such as Facebook Portal).[44]

On August 18, 2020, Facebook announced that all "decisions around use, processing, retention, and sharing of [user] data" on its platforms will be delegated to the Facebook social network moving forward. Users became subject to the unified Facebook privacy policy, code of conduct, and community guidelines, and all users will be required to have a Facebook account to access Oculus products and services.[49] Standalone account registration became unavailable in October 2020, all future Oculus hardware (beginning with Quest 2) will only support Facebook accounts,[43] and support for existing standalone Oculus accounts on already-released products will end on January 1, 2023.[50] Facebook stated that this was needed to facilitate "more Facebook powered multiplayer and social experiences" and make it "easier to share across our platforms". Facebook stated that users would still be able to control sharing from Oculus, maintain a separate friends list within the Oculus platform, and hide their real name to others.[51]

Users and media criticized Facebook for the move. Ars Technica noted that there is no clear way to opt-out of information tracking and that the collected data will likely be used for targeted advertising.[49] Furthermore, Facebook requires the use of a person's real name.[43] In September 2020, Facebook temporarily suspended sales of all Oculus products[52] in Germany; a German watchdog had presented concerns that this integration requirement violates the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which prohibits making use of a service contingent on consenting to the collection of personally identifiable information, and the requirement that existing users also link to a Facebook account to use Oculus hardware and services.[53][54]

On August 25, 2020, Facebook announced the formation of Facebook Reality Labs, a new unit that would encompass all of Facebook's virtual and augmented reality (AR) hardware and software, including Oculus, Portal, and Facebook Spark AR. The Oculus Connect conference was also renamed Facebook Connect.[55][56]

In June 2021, Facebook announced it would do a test launch of targeted advertisements in applications for Oculus Quest. The company claims that movement data, voice recordings and raw images from the headset will not be used in targeting. Instead, the ads will rely on information from the user's Facebook profile and all user activity related to Oculus, including apps used or installed. The company has not stated whether ads will appear only in applications or in the Oculus Home experience as well.[57]

In July 2021, Facebook announced it would be deprecating its proprietary Oculus API and adding full support for OpenXR.[58][59]

Rebranding of Oculus as Meta edit

On October 25, 2021 during Connect, Facebook announced that it would invest $10 billion over the next year into Reality Labs, and that it would begin to report its revenue separately from the Facebook "Family of Apps"—which includes Facebook, Messenger, Instagram, and WhatsApp.[60][61] Three days later on October 28, Facebook announced that it would change its corporate name to Meta (legally Meta Platforms, Inc.), as part of the company's long-term focus on metaverses and related technologies.[62] The company also teased a "high-end" mixed reality headset codenamed "Project Cambria".[63]

As a result, CTO Andrew Bosworth announced that the Oculus brand would be phased out in 2022; all Facebook hardware products will be marketed under the Meta name, and Oculus Store would be renamed Quest Store. Likewise, immersive social platforms associated with Oculus will be brought under the Horizon brand (such as Horizon Worlds). He also stated that "as we've heard feedback from the VR community more broadly, we're working on new ways to log into Quest that won't require a Facebook account, landing sometime next year. This is one of our highest priority areas of work internally".[64][65]

In January 2022, the Oculus social media accounts were renamed "Meta Quest" in reference to its current VR product line. Concurrently, Meta began to retroactively refer to the Quest 2 as the "Meta Quest 2"[66][67]—a change that has since been reflected in the packaging and hardware of subsequent units.[68][69]

In July 2022, Meta began to migrate Oculus accounts to the new "Meta account" system, which can be optionally linked with Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp accounts.[70][71] In October 2022, "Project Cambria" was officially unveiled as the Meta Quest Pro.[72]

Products edit

Virtual reality headsets edit

The initial Oculus headsets, produced under the "Oculus Rift" brand, are traditional VR headsets that require a PC to operate.[37][28] In February 2019, Facebook first released Oculus Quest—a standalone headset which contains integrated mobile computing hardware and does not require a PC to operate, but can optionally be used with Oculus Rift-compatible VR software by connecting it to a PC over USB-C.[73][74]

In 2018, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg stated that the original Oculus Rift "CV1", Oculus Go (a lower-end standalone headset released in 2017),[29] and Quest represented the company's first generation of products, and expected that successors to the three headsets would form its second generation.[75] Oculus began to phase out the original Oculus Rift "CV1" in 2019, in favor of Oculus Rift S — a follow-up to the original model manufactured by Lenovo that incorporates elements of the Go and Quest.[36][37][76] In September 2020, the Oculus Quest 2 was unveiled as an updated iteration of the first-generation Quest,[40] and the Rift S was concurrently discontinued—making Quest the division's sole active product line.[74]

Quest edit

Main articles: Oculus Quest, Quest 2, Meta Quest Pro, and Meta Quest 3
 
The first-generation Oculus Quest

On September 26, 2018, Facebook unveiled Oculus Quest. It is a standalone headset which is not dependent on a PC for operation; the Quest contains embedded mobile hardware running an operating system based on Android source code, including a Snapdragon 835 system-on-chip, and 64 or 128 GB of internal storage. It contains two OLED displays with a resolution of 1600x1440 per-eye and running at 72 Hz. It supports included Oculus Touch controllers via an "inside-out" motion tracking system known as "Oculus insight", which consists of a series of cameras embedded in the headset. The controllers were redesigned to properly function with Insight.[35]

It supports games and applications downloaded via Oculus Store, with ported launch titles such as Beat Saber and Robo Recall. It also supports cross-platform multiplayer and cross-buys between PC and Quest.[36][37] Facebook stated that they would impose stricter content and quality standards for software distributed for Quest than its other platforms, including requiring developers to undergo a pre-screening of their concepts to demonstrate "quality and probable market success".[77] In June 2019, Facebook announced it sold $5 million worth of content for the Oculus Quest in its first two weeks on sale.[78]

In November 2019, Facebook released a beta for a new feature known as Oculus Link, which allows Oculus Rift-compatible software to be streamed from a PC to a Quest headset over USB.[73] In May 2020, Facebook added additional support for the use of USB 2.0 cables, such as the charging cable supplied with the headset. Support for controller-free hand tracking was also launched that month.[79][80]

In September 2020, Facebook unveiled an updated version of the Quest, Oculus Quest 2. It is similar to the original Quest, but with the Snapdragon XR2 system-on-chip and additional RAM, an all plastic exterior, new cloth head straps, updated Oculus Touch controllers with improved ergonomics and battery life, and a 1832x1920 display running at 90 Hz,[81] and up to 120 Hz as an experimental option.[82] Similarly to the Rift S, it uses a single display panel rather than individual panels for each eye. Due to this design, it has more limited inter-pupillary distance options than the original Quest, with the ability to physically move the lenses to adjust for 3 common measurements. The Quest 2's models were both priced US$100 cheaper than their first-generation equivalents at launch,[74] but its prices were increased in July 2022 for economic reasons.[83][84]

In October 2022, Meta unveiled Quest Pro, a mixed reality headset aimed primarily at the professional market and augmented reality (AR). The headset uses quantum dot displays, with thinner optics using pancake lenses for a more visor-like form factor, and has upgraded color passthrough cameras designed to facilitate mixed reality applications. Its hardware is upgraded from the Quest 2, with the Snapdragon XR2+ system-on-chip, increased RAM, and updated controllers with built-in tracking. These controllers were also made available for the existing Quest 2 as an optional accessory.[85][86]

 
A Meta Quest 3 and controllers

On June 1, 2023, Meta announced the Quest 3,[87][88] which was released on October 10, 2023. It features design and hardware features from the Quest Pro, including pancake lenses for a slimmer build, upgraded hardware (including the Snapdragon XR2 Gen 2 system-on-chip) and higher resolution displays, color passthrough cameras for mixed reality, as well as a depth sensor, and updated controllers inspired by the design of the Quest Pro (albeit still using inside-out tracking via infrared sensors, as with its predecessors).[89][90][91]

Discontinued models edit

Oculus Rift edit
 
The original Oculus Rift
Main article: Oculus Rift CV1

The Oculus Rift CV1, also known as simply the Oculus Rift, was the first consumer model of the Oculus Rift headset. It was released on March 28, 2016, in 20 countries, at a starting price of US$599.[28] The 6,955 backers who received the Development Kit 1 prototype via the original Oculus Rift Kickstarter campaign were eligible to receive the CV1 model for free.[92] On December 6, 2016, Oculus released motion controller accessories for the headset known as Oculus Touch.[93]

Samsung Gear VR edit
Main article: Samsung Gear VR

In 2014, Samsung partnered with Oculus to develop the Gear VR, a VR headset accessory for Samsung Galaxy smartphones. It relies on the phone's display, which is viewed through lenses inside the headset.[94] At Oculus Connect in September 2015, the Gear VR was announced for a consumer release in November; the initial model supported the Galaxy S6 and Galaxy S7 product lines, as well as the Galaxy Note 5.[95][96]

Oculus Go edit
Main article: Oculus Go
 
Oculus Go headset

On October 11, 2017, Oculus unveiled the Oculus Go, a mobile VR headset manufactured by Xiaomi (the device was released in the Chinese market as the Xiaomi Mi VR). Unlike the Oculus Rift, the Go is a standalone headset which is not dependent on a PC for operation. Unlike VR systems such as Cardboard, Daydream, and the Oculus co-developed Samsung Gear VR (where VR software is run on a smartphone inserted into a physical enclosure, and its screen is viewed through lenses), it contains its own dedicated display and mobile computing hardware. The headset includes a 5.5-inch 1440p fast-switching LCD display, integrated speakers with spatial audio and a headphone jack for external audio, a Qualcomm Snapdragon 821 system-on-chip, and 32 or 64 GB of internal storage. It runs an Android-based operating system with access to VR software via the Oculus Home user experience and app store, including games and multimedia apps. The Go includes a handheld controller reminiscent of one designed for the Gear VR, which uses relative motion tracking. The Oculus Go does not use positional tracking.[29][97][98]

While official sales numbers have not been released, according to IDC the Oculus Go and Xiaomi Mi VR had sold nearly a quarter million units combined during the third quarter 2018,[99] and in January 2019 market analysis firm SuperData estimated that over a million Oculus Go units had been sold since the device's launch.[100] In his keynote at 2018's Oculus Connect developer conference, John Carmack revealed that the Go's retention rate was as high as the Rift's, something that nobody at the company had predicted.[101] Carmack also noted that the Go had done especially well in Japan despite lacking internationalization support and the company not specifically catering to the Japanese market.[102]

Oculus Go was declared end-of-life in June 2020, with software submissions to end in December 2020, and firmware support ending in 2022.[103]

Oculus Rift S edit
Main article: Oculus Rift S

On March 20, 2019, at the Game Developers Conference, Facebook announced the Oculus Rift S, a successor to the original Oculus Rift headset.[104] It was co-developed with and manufactured by Lenovo, and launched at a price of US$399. The Rift S contains hardware features from the Oculus Go and Oculus Quest, including Oculus Insight, integrated speakers, and a new "halo" strap. The Rift S uses the same 1440p fast-switching LCD display and lenses as the Oculus Go (a higher resolution in comparison to the original model, but lower in comparison to Oculus Quest), running at 80 Hz, and is backwards compatible with all existing Oculus Rift games and software. Unlike the original Oculus Rift, it does not have hardware control for inter-pupillary distance.[36][37]

In September 2020, Facebook announced it would be discontinuing the Oculus Rift S and in April 2021, shipments of the headset ceased.[105][106]

Comparison edit

Model Price Optics Display Size Display Type Refresh rate Passthrough Tracking capabilities Store Processor RAM Storage Weight Controllers Battery Life Availability Release date
Oculus Rift $399 Fresnel lenses 2 * 1080×1200 OLED 90Hz - - Oculus Rift Store - - - 470g 2 * Oculus Touch Controller (V1) - Discontinued March 28, 2016
Oculus Go $249 Fresnel lenses 1 * 1440×2560 LCD 60-72Hz - - Oculus Go Store Snapdragon 821 3GB 64GB 470g 1 * Oculus Go Controller 2–3 hours Discontinued May 1, 2018
Oculus Rift S $399 Fresnel lenses 1 * 1440×2560 LCD 80Hz Stereoscopic grayscale passthrough - Oculus Rift Store - - - 570g 2 * Oculus Touch Controller (V2) - Discontinued May 21, 2019
Oculus Quest $499 Fresnel lenses 2 * 1440×1660 OLED 72Hz Grayscale passthrough Hand tracking Quest Store Snapdragon 835 4GB 128GB 570g 2 * Oculus Touch Controller (V2) 2–5 hours Discontinued May 21, 2019
Oculus/Meta Quest 2 $399 Fresnel lenses 1 * 1832×3800 (1832×1920 per eye) LCD 72-120Hz Stereoscopic grayscale passthrough Hand tracking Quest Store Snapdragon XR2 6GB 128GB | 256GB 503g 2 * Oculus Touch Controller (V3) 2–3 hours Available October 13, 2020
Meta Quest Pro $1,499 Pancake lenses 2 * 1800x1920 Mini LED 72-90Hz Stereoscopic color passthrough Hand tracking, eye tracking, face tracking Quest Store Snapdragon XR2+ 12GB 256GB 722g 2 * Meta Quest Touch Pro Controllers 2 hours Available October 25, 2022
Meta Quest 3 $649 Pancake lenses 2 * 2064x2208 LCD 90-120Hz Stereoscopic color passthrough Hand tracking Meta Store Snapdragon XR2 Gen 2 8GB DRAM 512GB 515g 2 * Touch Plus controllers 2-3 hours Available October 10, 2023

Smart glasses edit

In September 2021, Reality Labs and Ray-Ban announced Ray-Ban Stories, a collaboration on camera-equipped smart glasses that can upload video to Facebook.[107]

RakNet edit

Main article: RakNet

Divisions edit

Oculus Studios edit

Oculus Studios
 
TypeDivision
IndustryVirtual reality, Video games
Founded2020  
Headquarters
Menlo Park, California
,
U.S.
Number of employees
17,000 (2022)  
ParentMeta Platforms
Subsidiaries

Oculus Studios is a division of Meta that serves as an umbrella organization for its first-party game development studios such as Beat Games, Armature Studio and Sanzaru Games.

Founding edit

Initially the division was more broadly focused on funding, publishing and giving technical advice to third & second party studios to create games and experiences for Oculus Rift. Meta pledged to invest more than US$500 million on Oculus Studios to make games and content.[108][109][110] This period saw them build multi-game relationships with prominent studio partners in a second-party capacity, studios such as Insomniac Games, Twisted Pixel Games, Turtle Rock Studios, and Gunfire Games.

As focus moved away from the Rift and towards the very successful Meta Quest 2, the priority shifted to acquiring developers as first-party studios, so they could make exclusive games inhouse instead.

Acquisitions edit

Starting in 2020, Meta purchased both Beat Games[111] (Beat Saber) and Sanzaru Games[112] (Asgard's Wrath) and integrated them into Oculus Studios. Ready at Dawn, a game studio composed of former members of Naughty Dog and Blizzard Entertainment (and had also developed the Oculus Rift exclusive Lone Echo) were acquired in June 2020.[113]

In 2021, Meta began a deliberate effort of buying up studios that had made strong sales on their Quest 2 platform. In April 2021, Downpour Interactive, the developer of the virtual reality FPS multiplayer game, Onward, were purchased. The team would migrate over to Oculus Studios, although the game would continue to receive updates on all supported VR platforms.[114] In May 2021, Meta bought BigBox VR, the developers of the popular battle royale, Population One.[115] In June 2021, Meta purchased Unit2 Games, the makers of Crayta, a free-to-play platform that allows players to create and share their games via Facebook Gaming.[116] Finally in November 2021, Meta purchased the formerly Microsoft owned studio, Twisted Pixel Games. The developer had been a successful second-party studio for Meta since 2017, and had produced the VR games Wilson's Heart, B-Team, Defector, and Path of the Warrior, all exclusively for Oculus platforms.

Additionally, in October 2021, Meta announced they were purchasing Within, the studio behind the successful VR fitness app, Supernatural. It was stated they would continue to operate independently as part of Reality Labs.[117] Later that year the FTC conducted a probe into the 400 million dollar deal.[118] In July 2022, the FTC attempted to sue Meta, as it was felt with the purchase of the studios behind both Beat Saber and Supernatural, they would unfairly corner the VR fitness market. This legal action has blocked the purchase indefinitely.[119] In February 2023 the FTC lawsuit was denied and the purchase of Within went ahead for Meta.[120]

At the Meta Connect 2022 event in October, Meta announced that they had acquired Armature Studio and Camouflaj as new members of Oculus Studios.[121] Armature had created the highly popular Quest 2 VR port of Resident Evil 4. Camouflaj were best known for making Republique, and the PSVR exclusive Iron Man VR for Sony - this deal would see them port the latter game to the Quest 2 platform.[122]

Oculus Publishing edit

In 2023, Meta announced the formation of a new division called Oculus Publishing aimed at third-party content funding, development support, and marketing. According to Meta, Oculus Publishing has been involved in the publishing of 300 titles including Among Us VR, Bonelab, The Walking Dead: Saints & Sinners, and Blade & Sorcery: Nomad.[123]

Oculus Story Studio edit

Oculus Story Studio was an original animated virtual-reality film studio that existed between 2014[124] and May 2017, which launched three films.[125] The studio aimed to pioneer animated virtual reality filmmaking and educate, inspire, and foster community for filmmakers interested in VR.[126] Oculus Story Studio was first launched publicly at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival,[127] where it presented three VR films - Dear Angelica, Henry, and Lost. Despite generally positive reception and critical acclaim, the studio did not publish any other works and was closed in May 2017.[125]

Litigation edit

ZeniMax Media edit

Main article: ZeniMax v. Oculus

Following Facebook's acquisition of Oculus VR, ZeniMax Media, the parent company of id Software and John Carmack's previous employer, sought legal action against Oculus, accusing the company of theft of intellectual property relating to the Oculus Rift due to Carmack's transition from id Software to Oculus. The case, ZeniMax v. Oculus, was heard in a jury trial in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, and their verdict was reached in February 2017, finding that Carmack had taken code from ZeniMax and used it in developing the Oculus Rift's software, violating his non-disclosure agreement with ZeniMax, and Oculus' use of the code was considered copyright infringement. ZeniMax was awarded $500 million in the verdict, and both ZeniMax and Oculus are seeking further court actions.[128][129]

Immersion Corporation edit

In May 2022, Immersion Corporation sued Meta Platforms for patent infringement relating to the use of vibration functions in their gaming controllers.[130]

See also edit

References edit

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External links edit

  • Official website
  • Meta Quest/Oculus official website
  • Official Oculus developer forum

December 18, 2023
reality, labs, confused, with, reality, business, research, unit, meta, platforms, formerly, facebook, that, produces, virtual, reality, augmented, reality, hardware, software, including, virtual, reality, headsets, such, quest, online, platforms, such, horizo. Not to be confused with Reality Lab Reality Labs is a business and research unit of Meta Platforms formerly Facebook Inc that produces virtual reality VR and augmented reality AR hardware and software including virtual reality headsets such as Quest and online platforms such as Horizon Worlds In June 2022 several artificial intelligence AI initiatives that were previously a part of Meta AI were transitioned to Reality Labs This also includes Meta s fundamental AI Research laboratory FAIR which is now part of the Reality Labs Research RLR division 2 Reality LabsFormerlyFacebook Reality Labs 2020 2021 TypeDivisionFounded2020 HeadquartersUnited StatesArea servedWorldwideKey peopleAndrew BosworthMichael AbrashThomas ReardonYann LeCunProductsMeta Quest 3Quest 2Meta Quest ProRay Ban StoriesHorizon WorldsRevenueUS 2 16 billion 2022 Operating incomeUS 13 72 billion 2022 Number of employees17 000 2022 ParentMeta PlatformsWebsiteabout wbr meta wbr com wbr realitylabsFootnotes references 1 The Reality Labs unit is the result of the merger of several initiatives under Meta Platforms and the incorporation of several acquired companies This includes CTRL Labs founded by Thomas Reardon which develops non invasive neural interface technology as well as Oculus a company that was founded in 2012 by Palmer Luckey Brendan Iribe Michael Antonov and Nate Mitchell to develop a VR headset for video gaming 3 4 Contents 1 History 1 1 Founding 1 2 Funding for Oculus Rift and company 1 3 Acquisition by Facebook 1 4 Facebook integration 1 5 Rebranding of Oculus as Meta 2 Products 2 1 Virtual reality headsets 2 1 1 Quest 2 1 2 Discontinued models 2 1 2 1 Oculus Rift 2 1 2 2 Samsung Gear VR 2 1 2 3 Oculus Go 2 1 2 4 Oculus Rift S 2 1 3 Comparison 2 2 Smart glasses 2 3 RakNet 3 Divisions 3 1 Oculus Studios 3 1 1 Founding 3 1 2 Acquisitions 3 2 Oculus Publishing 3 3 Oculus Story Studio 4 Litigation 4 1 ZeniMax Media 4 2 Immersion Corporation 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory editFounding edit nbsp Oculus Rift DK2 worn at a research showcase Leap Motion sensor attached to the front As a head mounted display HMD designer at the University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies Palmer Luckey earned a reputation for having the largest personal collection of HMDs in the world and was a longtime moderator in Meant to be Seen MTBS s discussion forums 5 Palmer created a series of new technologies that resulted in a VR headset that was both higher performance than what was currently on the market and was also inexpensive for gamers To develop the new product Luckey founded Oculus VR with Scaleform co founders Brendan Iribe and Michael Antonov 6 Nate Mitchell and Andrew Scott Reisse 7 Coincidentally John Carmack of id Software had been doing his research on HMDs and happened upon Palmer s developments After sampling an early unit Carmack favored Luckey s prototype and just before the 2012 Electronic Entertainment Expo E3 id Software announced that the BFG Edition of Doom 3 would be compatible with head mounted display units 8 During the convention Carmack introduced a duct taped head mounted display based on Palmer s Oculus Rift prototype which ran Carmack s software The unit featured a high speed IMU and a 5 6 inch 14 cm LCD visible via dual lenses that were positioned over the eyes to provide a 90 degree horizontal and 110 degree vertical stereoscopic 3D perspective 9 10 Carmack later left id Software as he was hired as Oculus VR s Chief technology officer 11 Funding for Oculus Rift and company edit nbsp Lenses inside an Oculus headsetThe Oculus Rift prototype was demonstrated at E3 in June 2012 On August 1 2012 the company announced a Kickstarter campaign to further develop the product Oculus announced that the dev kit version of the Oculus Rift would be given as a reward to backers who pledged 300 or more on Kickstarter with an expected shipping date set of December 2012 though they did not actually ship until March 2013 12 There was also a limited run of 100 unassembled Rift prototype kits for pledges over 275 that would ship a month earlier Both versions were intended to include Doom 3 BFG Edition but Rift support in the game was not ready so to make up for it they included a choice of discount vouchers for either Steam or the Oculus store citation needed Within four hours of the announcement Oculus secured its intended amount of US 250 000 13 14 and in less than 36 hours the campaign had surpassed 1 million in funding 15 eventually ending with 2 437 429 16 On December 12 2013 Marc Andreessen joined the company s board when his firm Andreessen Horowitz led the 75 million Series B venture funding 17 In total Oculus VR has raised 91 million with 2 4 million raised via crowdfunding citation needed Acquisition by Facebook edit Although Oculus only released a development prototype of its headset on March 25 2014 Mark Zuckerberg announced that Facebook Inc would be acquiring Oculus for US 2 billion pending regulatory approval The deal included 400 million in cash and 23 1 million common shares of Facebook valued at 1 6 billion as well as an additional 300 million assuming Facebook reaches certain milestones 18 19 20 This move was ridiculed by some backers who felt the acquisition was counter to the independent ideology of crowdfunding 21 Many Kickstarter backers and game industry figures such as Minecraft developer Markus Persson criticized the sale of Oculus to Facebook 22 23 On March 28 2014 Michael Abrash joined the company as Chief Scientist 24 As of January 2015 the Oculus headquarters has been moved from Irvine California to Menlo Park where Facebook s headquarters are also located Oculus has stated that this move is for their employees to be closer to Silicon Valley 25 In May 2015 Oculus acquired British company Surreal Vision a company based on 3D scene mapping reconstruction and augmented reality News reported that Oculus and Surreal Vision could create mixed reality technology in Oculus products similar to the upcoming HMD Microsoft HoloLens 26 They reported that Oculus with Surreal s help will make telepresence possible 27 On March 28 2016 the first consumer version of Oculus Rift Oculus Rift CV1 was released 28 In October 2017 Oculus unveiled the standalone mobile headset Oculus Go in partnership with Chinese electronics manufacturer Xiaomi 29 On December 28 2016 Facebook acquired Danish eye tracking startup The Eye Tribe 30 In September 2018 Oculus became a division of a new structural entity within Facebook known as Facebook Technologies LLC 31 Facebook announced in August 2018 they had entered negotiations to lease the entire Burlingame Point campus in Burlingame California then under construction 32 The lease was executed in late 2018 and the site owned by Kylli a subsidiary of Genzon Investment Group is expected to be complete by 2020 33 Oculus was expected to move to Burlingame Point when development is complete 34 In February 2019 Facebook released Oculus Quest a high end standalone headset 35 In March 2019 Facebook unveiled Oculus Rift S an updated revision of the original Rift PC headset in partnership with Chinese electronics manufacturer Lenovo which featured updated hardware and features carried over from the Go and Quest 36 37 On August 13 2019 Nate Mitchell Oculus co founder and VP of product announced his departure from the company 38 On November 13 2019 John Carmack wrote in a Facebook post that he would step down as CTO of Oculus to focus on developing artificial general intelligence He stated he would remain involved with the company as a Consulting CTO 39 In September 2020 Facebook unveiled Oculus Quest 2 an update to the original Quest with a revised design and updated hardware 40 Facebook integration edit Upon the acquisition of Oculus by Facebook Inc Luckey guaranteed that you won t need to log into your Facebook account every time you wanna use the Oculus Rift 41 42 Under its ownership Oculus has been promoted as a brand of Facebook rather than an independent entity and has increasingly integrated Facebook platforms into Oculus products 43 44 45 Support for optional Facebook integration was added to Gear VR in March 2016 with a focus on integration with the social network and integrations with features such as Facebook Video and social games 46 By 2016 the division began to be largely marketed as Oculus from Facebook 47 In September 2016 support for optional Facebook integration was added to the Oculus Rift software automatically populating the friends list with Facebook friends who have also linked their accounts displaying them to each other under their real names but still displaying screen names to anyone else 45 Users have been increasingly encouraged to use Facebook accounts to sign into its services although standalone accounts not directly linked to the service were still supported 48 In 2018 Oculus VR became a division of Facebook Technologies LLC to create a single legal entity that can support multiple Facebook technology and hardware products such as Facebook Portal 44 On August 18 2020 Facebook announced that all decisions around use processing retention and sharing of user data on its platforms will be delegated to the Facebook social network moving forward Users became subject to the unified Facebook privacy policy code of conduct and community guidelines and all users will be required to have a Facebook account to access Oculus products and services 49 Standalone account registration became unavailable in October 2020 all future Oculus hardware beginning with Quest 2 will only support Facebook accounts 43 and support for existing standalone Oculus accounts on already released products will end on January 1 2023 50 Facebook stated that this was needed to facilitate more Facebook powered multiplayer and social experiences and make it easier to share across our platforms Facebook stated that users would still be able to control sharing from Oculus maintain a separate friends list within the Oculus platform and hide their real name to others 51 Users and media criticized Facebook for the move Ars Technica noted that there is no clear way to opt out of information tracking and that the collected data will likely be used for targeted advertising 49 Furthermore Facebook requires the use of a person s real name 43 In September 2020 Facebook temporarily suspended sales of all Oculus products 52 in Germany a German watchdog had presented concerns that this integration requirement violates the General Data Protection Regulation GDPR which prohibits making use of a service contingent on consenting to the collection of personally identifiable information and the requirement that existing users also link to a Facebook account to use Oculus hardware and services 53 54 On August 25 2020 Facebook announced the formation of Facebook Reality Labs a new unit that would encompass all of Facebook s virtual and augmented reality AR hardware and software including Oculus Portal and Facebook Spark AR The Oculus Connect conference was also renamed Facebook Connect 55 56 In June 2021 Facebook announced it would do a test launch of targeted advertisements in applications for Oculus Quest The company claims that movement data voice recordings and raw images from the headset will not be used in targeting Instead the ads will rely on information from the user s Facebook profile and all user activity related to Oculus including apps used or installed The company has not stated whether ads will appear only in applications or in the Oculus Home experience as well 57 In July 2021 Facebook announced it would be deprecating its proprietary Oculus API and adding full support for OpenXR 58 59 Rebranding of Oculus as Meta edit On October 25 2021 during Connect Facebook announced that it would invest 10 billion over the next year into Reality Labs and that it would begin to report its revenue separately from the Facebook Family of Apps which includes Facebook Messenger Instagram and WhatsApp 60 61 Three days later on October 28 Facebook announced that it would change its corporate name to Meta legally Meta Platforms Inc as part of the company s long term focus on metaverses and related technologies 62 The company also teased a high end mixed reality headset codenamed Project Cambria 63 As a result CTO Andrew Bosworth announced that the Oculus brand would be phased out in 2022 all Facebook hardware products will be marketed under the Meta name and Oculus Store would be renamed Quest Store Likewise immersive social platforms associated with Oculus will be brought under the Horizon brand such as Horizon Worlds He also stated that as we ve heard feedback from the VR community more broadly we re working on new ways to log into Quest that won t require a Facebook account landing sometime next year This is one of our highest priority areas of work internally 64 65 In January 2022 the Oculus social media accounts were renamed Meta Quest in reference to its current VR product line Concurrently Meta began to retroactively refer to the Quest 2 as the Meta Quest 2 66 67 a change that has since been reflected in the packaging and hardware of subsequent units 68 69 In July 2022 Meta began to migrate Oculus accounts to the new Meta account system which can be optionally linked with Facebook Instagram and WhatsApp accounts 70 71 In October 2022 Project Cambria was officially unveiled as the Meta Quest Pro 72 Products editVirtual reality headsets edit The initial Oculus headsets produced under the Oculus Rift brand are traditional VR headsets that require a PC to operate 37 28 In February 2019 Facebook first released Oculus Quest a standalone headset which contains integrated mobile computing hardware and does not require a PC to operate but can optionally be used with Oculus Rift compatible VR software by connecting it to a PC over USB C 73 74 In 2018 Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg stated that the original Oculus Rift CV1 Oculus Go a lower end standalone headset released in 2017 29 and Quest represented the company s first generation of products and expected that successors to the three headsets would form its second generation 75 Oculus began to phase out the original Oculus Rift CV1 in 2019 in favor of Oculus Rift S a follow up to the original model manufactured by Lenovo that incorporates elements of the Go and Quest 36 37 76 In September 2020 the Oculus Quest 2 was unveiled as an updated iteration of the first generation Quest 40 and the Rift S was concurrently discontinued making Quest the division s sole active product line 74 Quest edit Main articles Oculus Quest Quest 2 Meta Quest Pro and Meta Quest 3 nbsp The first generation Oculus QuestOn September 26 2018 Facebook unveiled Oculus Quest It is a standalone headset which is not dependent on a PC for operation the Quest contains embedded mobile hardware running an operating system based on Android source code including a Snapdragon 835 system on chip and 64 or 128 GB of internal storage It contains two OLED displays with a resolution of 1600x1440 per eye and running at 72 Hz It supports included Oculus Touch controllers via an inside out motion tracking system known as Oculus insight which consists of a series of cameras embedded in the headset The controllers were redesigned to properly function with Insight 35 It supports games and applications downloaded via Oculus Store with ported launch titles such as Beat Saber and Robo Recall It also supports cross platform multiplayer and cross buys between PC and Quest 36 37 Facebook stated that they would impose stricter content and quality standards for software distributed for Quest than its other platforms including requiring developers to undergo a pre screening of their concepts to demonstrate quality and probable market success 77 In June 2019 Facebook announced it sold 5 million worth of content for the Oculus Quest in its first two weeks on sale 78 In November 2019 Facebook released a beta for a new feature known as Oculus Link which allows Oculus Rift compatible software to be streamed from a PC to a Quest headset over USB 73 In May 2020 Facebook added additional support for the use of USB 2 0 cables such as the charging cable supplied with the headset Support for controller free hand tracking was also launched that month 79 80 In September 2020 Facebook unveiled an updated version of the Quest Oculus Quest 2 It is similar to the original Quest but with the Snapdragon XR2 system on chip and additional RAM an all plastic exterior new cloth head straps updated Oculus Touch controllers with improved ergonomics and battery life and a 1832x1920 display running at 90 Hz 81 and up to 120 Hz as an experimental option 82 Similarly to the Rift S it uses a single display panel rather than individual panels for each eye Due to this design it has more limited inter pupillary distance options than the original Quest with the ability to physically move the lenses to adjust for 3 common measurements The Quest 2 s models were both priced US 100 cheaper than their first generation equivalents at launch 74 but its prices were increased in July 2022 for economic reasons 83 84 In October 2022 Meta unveiled Quest Pro a mixed reality headset aimed primarily at the professional market and augmented reality AR The headset uses quantum dot displays with thinner optics using pancake lenses for a more visor like form factor and has upgraded color passthrough cameras designed to facilitate mixed reality applications Its hardware is upgraded from the Quest 2 with the Snapdragon XR2 system on chip increased RAM and updated controllers with built in tracking These controllers were also made available for the existing Quest 2 as an optional accessory 85 86 nbsp A Meta Quest 3 and controllersOn June 1 2023 Meta announced the Quest 3 87 88 which was released on October 10 2023 It features design and hardware features from the Quest Pro including pancake lenses for a slimmer build upgraded hardware including the Snapdragon XR2 Gen 2 system on chip and higher resolution displays color passthrough cameras for mixed reality as well as a depth sensor and updated controllers inspired by the design of the Quest Pro albeit still using inside out tracking via infrared sensors as with its predecessors 89 90 91 Discontinued models edit Oculus Rift edit nbsp The original Oculus RiftMain article Oculus Rift CV1 The Oculus Rift CV1 also known as simply the Oculus Rift was the first consumer model of the Oculus Rift headset It was released on March 28 2016 in 20 countries at a starting price of US 599 28 The 6 955 backers who received the Development Kit 1 prototype via the original Oculus Rift Kickstarter campaign were eligible to receive the CV1 model for free 92 On December 6 2016 Oculus released motion controller accessories for the headset known as Oculus Touch 93 Samsung Gear VR edit Main article Samsung Gear VR In 2014 Samsung partnered with Oculus to develop the Gear VR a VR headset accessory for Samsung Galaxy smartphones It relies on the phone s display which is viewed through lenses inside the headset 94 At Oculus Connect in September 2015 the Gear VR was announced for a consumer release in November the initial model supported the Galaxy S6 and Galaxy S7 product lines as well as the Galaxy Note 5 95 96 Oculus Go edit Main article Oculus Go nbsp Oculus Go headsetOn October 11 2017 Oculus unveiled the Oculus Go a mobile VR headset manufactured by Xiaomi the device was released in the Chinese market as the Xiaomi Mi VR Unlike the Oculus Rift the Go is a standalone headset which is not dependent on a PC for operation Unlike VR systems such as Cardboard Daydream and the Oculus co developed Samsung Gear VR where VR software is run on a smartphone inserted into a physical enclosure and its screen is viewed through lenses it contains its own dedicated display and mobile computing hardware The headset includes a 5 5 inch 1440p fast switching LCD display integrated speakers with spatial audio and a headphone jack for external audio a Qualcomm Snapdragon 821 system on chip and 32 or 64 GB of internal storage It runs an Android based operating system with access to VR software via the Oculus Home user experience and app store including games and multimedia apps The Go includes a handheld controller reminiscent of one designed for the Gear VR which uses relative motion tracking The Oculus Go does not use positional tracking 29 97 98 While official sales numbers have not been released according to IDC the Oculus Go and Xiaomi Mi VR had sold nearly a quarter million units combined during the third quarter 2018 99 and in January 2019 market analysis firm SuperData estimated that over a million Oculus Go units had been sold since the device s launch 100 In his keynote at 2018 s Oculus Connect developer conference John Carmack revealed that the Go s retention rate was as high as the Rift s something that nobody at the company had predicted 101 Carmack also noted that the Go had done especially well in Japan despite lacking internationalization support and the company not specifically catering to the Japanese market 102 Oculus Go was declared end of life in June 2020 with software submissions to end in December 2020 and firmware support ending in 2022 103 Oculus Rift S edit Main article Oculus Rift S On March 20 2019 at the Game Developers Conference Facebook announced the Oculus Rift S a successor to the original Oculus Rift headset 104 It was co developed with and manufactured by Lenovo and launched at a price of US 399 The Rift S contains hardware features from the Oculus Go and Oculus Quest including Oculus Insight integrated speakers and a new halo strap The Rift S uses the same 1440p fast switching LCD display and lenses as the Oculus Go a higher resolution in comparison to the original model but lower in comparison to Oculus Quest running at 80 Hz and is backwards compatible with all existing Oculus Rift games and software Unlike the original Oculus Rift it does not have hardware control for inter pupillary distance 36 37 In September 2020 Facebook announced it would be discontinuing the Oculus Rift S and in April 2021 shipments of the headset ceased 105 106 Comparison edit Model Price Optics Display Size Display Type Refresh rate Passthrough Tracking capabilities Store Processor RAM Storage Weight Controllers Battery Life Availability Release dateOculus Rift 399 Fresnel lenses 2 1080 1200 OLED 90Hz Oculus Rift Store 470g 2 Oculus Touch Controller V1 Discontinued March 28 2016Oculus Go 249 Fresnel lenses 1 1440 2560 LCD 60 72Hz Oculus Go Store Snapdragon 821 3GB 64GB 470g 1 Oculus Go Controller 2 3 hours Discontinued May 1 2018Oculus Rift S 399 Fresnel lenses 1 1440 2560 LCD 80Hz Stereoscopic grayscale passthrough Oculus Rift Store 570g 2 Oculus Touch Controller V2 Discontinued May 21 2019Oculus Quest 499 Fresnel lenses 2 1440 1660 OLED 72Hz Grayscale passthrough Hand tracking Quest Store Snapdragon 835 4GB 128GB 570g 2 Oculus Touch Controller V2 2 5 hours Discontinued May 21 2019Oculus Meta Quest 2 399 Fresnel lenses 1 1832 3800 1832 1920 per eye LCD 72 120Hz Stereoscopic grayscale passthrough Hand tracking Quest Store Snapdragon XR2 6GB 128GB 256GB 503g 2 Oculus Touch Controller V3 2 3 hours Available October 13 2020Meta Quest Pro 1 499 Pancake lenses 2 1800x1920 Mini LED 72 90Hz Stereoscopic color passthrough Hand tracking eye tracking face tracking Quest Store Snapdragon XR2 12GB 256GB 722g 2 Meta Quest Touch Pro Controllers 2 hours Available October 25 2022Meta Quest 3 649 Pancake lenses 2 2064x2208 LCD 90 120Hz Stereoscopic color passthrough Hand tracking Meta Store Snapdragon XR2 Gen 2 8GB DRAM 512GB 515g 2 Touch Plus controllers 2 3 hours Available October 10 2023Smart glasses edit In September 2021 Reality Labs and Ray Ban announced Ray Ban Stories a collaboration on camera equipped smart glasses that can upload video to Facebook 107 RakNet edit Main article RakNetDivisions editOculus Studios edit Oculus Studios nbsp TypeDivisionIndustryVirtual reality Video gamesFounded2020 nbsp HeadquartersMenlo Park California U S Number of employees17 000 2022 nbsp ParentMeta PlatformsSubsidiariesBeat Games Sanzaru Games Ready at Dawn Downpour Interactive BigBox VR Unit 2 Games Within Twisted Pixel Games Camouflaj Armature StudioOculus Studios is a division of Meta that serves as an umbrella organization for its first party game development studios such as Beat Games Armature Studio and Sanzaru Games Founding edit Initially the division was more broadly focused on funding publishing and giving technical advice to third amp second party studios to create games and experiences for Oculus Rift Meta pledged to invest more than US 500 million on Oculus Studios to make games and content 108 109 110 This period saw them build multi game relationships with prominent studio partners in a second party capacity studios such as Insomniac Games Twisted Pixel Games Turtle Rock Studios and Gunfire Games As focus moved away from the Rift and towards the very successful Meta Quest 2 the priority shifted to acquiring developers as first party studios so they could make exclusive games inhouse instead Acquisitions edit Starting in 2020 Meta purchased both Beat Games 111 Beat Saber and Sanzaru Games 112 Asgard s Wrath and integrated them into Oculus Studios Ready at Dawn a game studio composed of former members of Naughty Dog and Blizzard Entertainment and had also developed the Oculus Rift exclusive Lone Echo were acquired in June 2020 113 In 2021 Meta began a deliberate effort of buying up studios that had made strong sales on their Quest 2 platform In April 2021 Downpour Interactive the developer of the virtual reality FPS multiplayer game Onward were purchased The team would migrate over to Oculus Studios although the game would continue to receive updates on all supported VR platforms 114 In May 2021 Meta bought BigBox VR the developers of the popular battle royale Population One 115 In June 2021 Meta purchased Unit2 Games the makers of Crayta a free to play platform that allows players to create and share their games via Facebook Gaming 116 Finally in November 2021 Meta purchased the formerly Microsoft owned studio Twisted Pixel Games The developer had been a successful second party studio for Meta since 2017 and had produced the VR games Wilson s Heart B Team Defector and Path of the Warrior all exclusively for Oculus platforms Additionally in October 2021 Meta announced they were purchasing Within the studio behind the successful VR fitness app Supernatural It was stated they would continue to operate independently as part of Reality Labs 117 Later that year the FTC conducted a probe into the 400 million dollar deal 118 In July 2022 the FTC attempted to sue Meta as it was felt with the purchase of the studios behind both Beat Saber and Supernatural they would unfairly corner the VR fitness market This legal action has blocked the purchase indefinitely 119 In February 2023 the FTC lawsuit was denied and the purchase of Within went ahead for Meta 120 At the Meta Connect 2022 event in October Meta announced that they had acquired Armature Studio and Camouflaj as new members of Oculus Studios 121 Armature had created the highly popular Quest 2 VR port of Resident Evil 4 Camouflaj were best known for making Republique and the PSVR exclusive Iron Man VR for Sony this deal would see them port the latter game to the Quest 2 platform 122 Oculus Publishing edit In 2023 Meta announced the formation of a new division called Oculus Publishing aimed at third party content funding development support and marketing According to Meta Oculus Publishing has been involved in the publishing of 300 titles including Among Us VR Bonelab The Walking Dead Saints amp Sinners and Blade amp Sorcery Nomad 123 Oculus Story Studio edit Oculus Story Studio was an original animated virtual reality film studio that existed between 2014 124 and May 2017 which launched three films 125 The studio aimed to pioneer animated virtual reality filmmaking and educate inspire and foster community for filmmakers interested in VR 126 Oculus Story Studio was first launched publicly at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival 127 where it presented three VR films Dear Angelica Henry and Lost Despite generally positive reception and critical acclaim the studio did not publish any other works and was closed in May 2017 125 Litigation editZeniMax Media edit Main article ZeniMax v Oculus Following Facebook s acquisition of Oculus VR ZeniMax Media the parent company of id Software and John Carmack s previous employer sought legal action against Oculus accusing the company of theft of intellectual property relating to the Oculus Rift due to Carmack s transition from id Software to Oculus The case ZeniMax v Oculus was heard in a jury trial in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas and their verdict was reached in February 2017 finding that Carmack had taken code from ZeniMax and used it in developing the Oculus Rift s software violating his non disclosure agreement with ZeniMax and Oculus use of the code was considered copyright infringement ZeniMax was awarded 500 million in the verdict and both ZeniMax and Oculus are seeking further court actions 128 129 Immersion Corporation edit In May 2022 Immersion Corporation sued Meta Platforms for patent infringement relating to the use of vibration functions in their gaming controllers 130 See also editHTC Vive Valve Index VirtualLinkReferences edit Vanian Jonathan Levy Ari February 1 2023 Meta lost 13 7 billion on Reality Labs in 2022 as Zuckerberg s metaverse bet gets pricier CNBC Fried Ina June 2 2022 Meta reorganization aims to decentralize Facebook s AI efforts Axios Retrieved January 23 2023 Statt Nick September 24 2019 Facebook acquires neural interface startup CTRL Labs for its mind reading 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