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Nereids

January 09, 2023

For other uses, see Nereid (disambiguation).

In Greek mythology, the Nereids or Nereides (/ˈnɪəriɪdz/ NEER-ee-idz; Ancient Greek: Νηρηΐδες, romanized: Nērēḯdes; sg. Νηρηΐς, Nērēḯs, also Νημερτές) are sea nymphs (female spirits of sea waters), the 50 daughters of the 'Old Man of the Sea' Nereus and the Oceanid Doris, sisters to their brother Nerites.[1] They often accompany Poseidon, the god of the sea, and can be friendly and helpful to sailors (such as the Argonauts in their search for the Golden Fleece).

Nereid half reclining on the back of a seahorse, fresco from Pompeii
The Nereid Monument. From Xanthos (Lycia), modern-day Antalya Province, Turkey. 390–380 BC. Room 17, the British Museum, London

Etymology

The synonyms Νηρηΐδες and Νημερτές are etymologically unrelated. Νηρηΐδες is a patronymic, describing them as the daughters of Nereus. Νημερτές means literally 'not-mistaking', and there is an adjective of the same form meaning 'clear', 'unmistakable', or 'true'.

Mythology

The Nereids symbolized everything that is beautiful and kind about the sea. Their melodious voices sang as they danced around their father. They are represented as beautiful women, crowned with branches of red coral and dressed in white silk robes trimmed with gold.

These nymphs are particularly associated with the Aegean Sea, where they dwelt with their father Nereus in the depths within a golden palace.[2] The most notable of them are Thetis, wife of Peleus and mother of Achilles; Amphitrite, wife of Poseidon and mother of Triton; Galatea, the vain love interest of the Cyclops Polyphemus, and lastly, Psamathe who became the mother of Phocus by King Aeacus of Aegina, and Theoclymenus and Theonoe by Proteus, a sea-god or king of Egypt.

In Homer's Iliad XVIII, when Thetis cries out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for the slain Patroclus, her sisters appear.[3] Four of her siblings, Cymodoce, Thalia, Nesaea and Spio were also among the nymphs in the train of Cyrene.[4] Later on, these four together with their other sisters Thetis, Melite and Panopea, were able to help the hero Aeneas and his crew during a storm.[5]

In one account, Cassiopeia boasted that her daughter Andromeda was more beautiful than the Nereides, who were enraged by the claim. Poseidon, in sympathy for them, sent a flood and a sea monster to the land of the Ethiopians, demanding as well the sacrifice of the princess.[6] These sea goddesses also were said to reveal to men the mysteries of Dionysus and Persephone.[7][8]

Names

 
French Empire mantel clock (1822) depicting the nereid Galatea velificans

This list is correlated from four sources: Homer's Iliad,[9] Hesiod's Theogony,[10] the Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus[11] and the Fabulae of Hyginus.[12] Because of this, the total number of names goes beyond fifty.[13]

List of Nereids
No. Name Sources Notes
Hom. Hes. Apol. Hyg. Others
1Actaea✓✓✓✓
2 Agaue ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus.
3 Amatheia ✓ ✓ Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus.
4Amphinome ✓ ✓ Feeds Poseidon's flock
5 Amphithoe ✓ ✓ Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus.
6 Amphitrite✓✓ The name of an Oceanid[14]
7Apseudes✓✓
8 Arethusa ✓ [15]
9 Asia ✓ [16] The name of an Oceanid[17]
10 Autonoe ✓ ✓ Only mentioned by name
11 Beroe ✓ The name of an Oceanid[18]
12 Callianassa ✓ ✓ Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus.
13 Callianeira ✓ Only mentioned by name on the Iliad.
14 Calypso ✓ The name of an Oceanid[19]
15 Ceto ✓ The name of an Oceanid[20] Only mentioned by name
16 Clio ✓ The name of an Oceanid[21]
17 Clymene ✓ ✓ [22] The name of an Oceanid;[23] appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus.
18 Cranto ✓
19 Creneis ✓
20 Cydippe ✓ [24] In the train of Cyrene along with her other sisters
21 Cymatolege ✓ Only mentioned by name
22 Cymo ✓ ✓ Only mentioned by name
23 Cymodoce ✓ ✓ ✓ [25]
24 Cymothoe ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ [26] Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus.
25 Deiopea ✓ [16]
26 Dero ✓ Only mentioned by name
27 Dexamene ✓ ✓ Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus.
28 Dione ✓ The name of an Oceanid[27]
29 Doris ✓ ✓ ✓ The name of an Oceanid[17]
30 Doto ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ [28]
31 Drymo ✓ [29] One of the nymphs in the train of Cyrene
32 Dynamene ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
33 Eione ✓ ✓ Only mentioned by name
34 Ephyra ✓ [16] The name of an Oceanid[30]
35 Erato ✓ ✓
36 Euagore ✓ ✓
37 Euarne ✓
38 Eucrante ✓ ✓
39 Eudore ✓ ✓ The name of an Oceanid[27]
40 Eulimene ✓ ✓
41 Eumolpe ✓ Only mentioned by name
42 Eunice ✓ ✓
43 Eupompe ✓ Only mentioned by name
44 Eurydice ✓
45 Galene ✓
46 Galatea ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ [28]
47 Glauce ✓ ✓ ✓
48 Glauconome ✓ ✓ Only mentioned by name
49 Halie ✓ ✓ ✓
50 Halimede ✓ ✓
51 Hipponoe ✓ ✓
52 Hippothoe ✓ ✓ Only mentioned by name
53 Iaera ✓ ✓ Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus.
54 Ianassa ✓ ✓ Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus.
55 Ianeira ✓ ✓ The name of an Oceanid;[19] appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus.
56 Ione ✓
57 Iphianassa [31] Only mentioned by name
58 Laomedeia ✓ Only mentioned by name
59 Leiagore ✓ Only mentioned by name
60 Leucothoe ✓
61 Ligea ✓ [29]
62 Limnoreia ✓ ✓ ✓
63 Lycorias ✓ [24]
64 Lysianassa ✓ ✓
65 Maera ✓ ✓ Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus.
66 Melite ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ [32] The name of an Oceanid[33]
67 Menippe ✓ The name of an Oceanid[34]
68 Nausithoe ✓
69 Neaera The name of an Oceanid
70 Nemertes ✓ ✓ ✓
71 Neomeris ✓
72 Nesaea ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ [35]
73 Neso ✓ Only mentioned by name. Gives her name to Neso, one of Neptune's moons.
74 Opis ✓ [16]
75 Oreithyia ✓ ✓ Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus.
76 Panope ✓ ✓ ✓ [28]
77 Panopea ✓ ✓ [32]
78 Pasithea ✓ Only mentioned by name
79 Pherusa ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus.
80 Phyllodoce ✓ [29]
81 Plexaure ✓ The name of an Oceanid[36]
82 Ploto ✓ Only mentioned by name
83 Polynoe ✓
84 Polynome ✓ Only mentioned by name
85 Pontomedusa ✓ Only mentioned by name
86 Pontoporeia ✓ Only mentioned by name
87 Pronoe ✓ Only mentioned by name
88 Proto ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
89 Protomedeia ✓ Only mentioned by name
90 Psamathe ✓ ✓
91 Sao ✓ ✓ Means 'the rescuer'; only mentioned by name
92 Speio ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ [35] Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus.
93 Thaleia ✓ ✓ [35]
94 Themisto ✓ Only mentioned by name
95 Thetis ✓ ✓ ✓ [32]
96 Thoe ✓ ✓ ✓ The name of an Oceanid[37]
97 Xantho ✓ [29] The name of an Oceanid[27]
Total 34 50 45 47

Iconography

 
Nereid riding a sea-bull (latter 2nd century BC)

In ancient art the Nereides appear in the retinue of Poseidon, Amphitrite, Thetis and other sea-divinities. On black-figure Greek vases they appear fully clothed, such as on a Corinthian hydra (sixth century BCE; Paris) where they stand near the bier of Achilles. Later vase-paintings depict them nude or partially nude, mounted on dolphins, sea-horses or other marine creatures, and often grouped together with Tritons. They appear as such on Roman frescoes and sarcophagi. An Etruscan bronze cista from Palestrina depicts winged Nereides.

Famous is the Nereid Monument, a marble tomb from Xanthos (Lycia, Asia Minor), partially in the collection of the British Museum. At the top is a small temple surrounded by pillars between which Nereides stood. They were depicted in motion and with billowing, transparent clothes. The style is Attic-Ionian and dates to ca. 400 BCE.

In the Renaissance and baroque periods the Nereid was frequently used to decorate fountains and garden monuments.

Worship

Nereides were worshiped in several parts of Greece, but more especially in sea-port towns, such as Cardamyle,[38] and on the Isthmus of Corinth.[39] The epithets given them by the poets refer partly to their beauty and partly to their place of abode.

Modern use

In modern Greek folklore, the term "nereid" (νεράιδα, neráida) has come to be used for all nymphs, fairies, or mermaids, not merely nymphs of the sea.[40]

Nereid, a moon of the planet Neptune, is named after the Nereids, as is Nereid Lake in Antarctica.[41]

See also

  • Neraida (type of supernatural wife)

Notes

  1. ^ Aelian, De Natura Animalium 14.28
  2. ^ Atsma, Aaron J. "Nereides". Theoi Project Greek Mythology. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  3. ^ Homer, Iliad 18.39-51
  4. ^ Virgil, Georgics 4.338
  5. ^ Virgil, Aeneid 5.825-826
  6. ^ Apollodorus, 2.4.3; Hyginus, Fabulae 64, De Astronomica 2.10 with Euripides and Sophocles as the authority; Ovid, Metamorphoses 5.16 ff.
  7. ^ Orphic Hymns 24.10
  8. ^ Kerényi, Carl (1951). The Gods of the Greeks. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 66.
  9. ^ Homer, Iliad 18.39-51
  10. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 240-262
  11. ^ Apollodorus, 1.2.7
  12. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae Preface
  13. ^ Apollodorus, 1.2.2 & 1.4.5
  14. ^ Virgil, Georgics 4.346
  15. ^ a b c d Virgil, Georgics 4.343
  16. ^ a b Hesiod, Theogony 349–361; Apollodorus, 1.2.2
  17. ^ Virgil, Georgics 4.341; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 41.153
  18. ^ a b Hesiod, Theogony 349–361; Homeric Hymn to Demeter, 418–423
  19. ^ Nonnus, Dionysiaca 26.355
  20. ^ Virgil, Georgics 4.341
  21. ^ Virgil, Georgics 4.345
  22. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 349–361; Hyginus, Fabulae 156; Tzetzes, Chiliades 4.19.359
  23. ^ a b Virgil, Georgics 4.339
  24. ^ Virgil, Georgics 4.338; Aeneid 5.826; Statius, Silvae 2.2.20
  25. ^ Valerius Flaccus, 2.605; Quintus Smyrnaeus, 5.394 ff.
  26. ^ a b c Hesiod, Theogony 349–361
  27. ^ a b c Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 1.130 ff.
  28. ^ a b c d Virgil, Georgics 4.336
  29. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 275.6; Eumelus, fr. 1 Fowler (apud Pausanias, 2.1.1)
  30. ^ Lucian, Dialogi Marini 14
  31. ^ a b c Virgil, Aeneid 5.825
  32. ^ Homeric Hymn to Demeter, 418–423; Hyginus, Fabulae Th. 8
  33. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae Th. 6 (Smith and Trzaskoma, p. 95), except where otherwise indicated.
  34. ^ a b c Virgil, Georgics 4.338; Aeneid 5.826
  35. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 353
  36. ^ Homeric Hymn to Demeter, 418–423
  37. ^ Pausanias, 3.2.5
  38. ^ Pausanias, 2.1.7
  39. ^ Zervas, Theodore G. (2016). Formal and Informal Education During the Rise of Greek Nationalism: Learning to be Greek. Springer. p. 121. ISBN 9781137484154.
  40. ^ Nereid Lake. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica

References

  • Aken, Dr. A.R.A. van. (1961). Elseviers Mythologische Encyclopedie. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
  • Gaius Julius Hyginus, Astronomica from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
  • Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
  • Gaius Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica translated by Mozley, J H. Loeb Classical Library Volume 286. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1928. Online version at theio.com.
  • Gaius Valerius Flaccus, Argonauticon. Otto Kramer. Leipzig. Teubner. 1913. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Hesiod, Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
  • Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. ISBN 978-0674995796. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Homer, Homeri Opera in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. ISBN 978-0198145318. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • The Hymns of Orpheus. Translated by Taylor, Thomas (1792). University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. Online version at the theoi.com
  • Kerényi, Carl, The Gods of the Greeks, Thames and Hudson, London, 1951.
  • Lucian of Samosata, Dialogues of the Sea Gods translated by Fowler, H W and F G. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 1905. Online version at theoi.com
  • Luciani Samosatensis, Opera. Vol I. Karl Jacobitz. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1896. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
  • Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses translated by Brookes More (1859-1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses. Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Publius Vergilius Maro, Aeneid. Theodore C. Williams. trans. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1910. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Publius Vergilius Maro, Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics. J. B. Greenough. Boston. Ginn & Co. 1900. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Publius Vergilius Maro, Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Vergil. J. B. Greenough. Boston. Ginn & Co. 1900. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nereids.
  • Nereids in classical literature and art
  • Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (ca 600 images of Nereids and other sea deities)

January 09, 2023
nereids, other, uses, nereid, disambiguation, greek, mythology, nereides, ɪər, neer, ancient, greek, Νηρηΐδες, romanized, nērēḯdes, Νηρηΐς, nērēḯs, also, Νημερτές, nymphs, female, spirits, waters, daughters, nereus, oceanid, doris, sisters, their, brother, ner. For other uses see Nereid disambiguation In Greek mythology the Nereids or Nereides ˈ n ɪer i ɪ d z NEER ee idz Ancient Greek Nhrhides romanized Nereḯdes sg Nhrhis Nereḯs also Nhmertes are sea nymphs female spirits of sea waters the 50 daughters of the Old Man of the Sea Nereus and the Oceanid Doris sisters to their brother Nerites 1 They often accompany Poseidon the god of the sea and can be friendly and helpful to sailors such as the Argonauts in their search for the Golden Fleece Nereid half reclining on the back of a seahorse fresco from Pompeii The Nereid Monument From Xanthos Lycia modern day Antalya Province Turkey 390 380 BC Room 17 the British Museum London Contents 1 Etymology 2 Mythology 3 Names 4 Iconography 5 Worship 6 Modern use 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External linksEtymology EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The synonyms Nhrhides and Nhmertes are etymologically unrelated Nhrhides is a patronymic describing them as the daughters of Nereus Nhmertes means literally not mistaking and there is an adjective of the same form meaning clear unmistakable or true Mythology EditThe Nereids symbolized everything that is beautiful and kind about the sea Their melodious voices sang as they danced around their father They are represented as beautiful women crowned with branches of red coral and dressed in white silk robes trimmed with gold These nymphs are particularly associated with the Aegean Sea where they dwelt with their father Nereus in the depths within a golden palace 2 The most notable of them are Thetis wife of Peleus and mother of Achilles Amphitrite wife of Poseidon and mother of Triton Galatea the vain love interest of the Cyclops Polyphemus and lastly Psamathe who became the mother of Phocus by King Aeacus of Aegina and Theoclymenus and Theonoe by Proteus a sea god or king of Egypt In Homer s Iliad XVIII when Thetis cries out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for the slain Patroclus her sisters appear 3 Four of her siblings Cymodoce Thalia Nesaea and Spio were also among the nymphs in the train of Cyrene 4 Later on these four together with their other sisters Thetis Melite and Panopea were able to help the hero Aeneas and his crew during a storm 5 In one account Cassiopeia boasted that her daughter Andromeda was more beautiful than the Nereides who were enraged by the claim Poseidon in sympathy for them sent a flood and a sea monster to the land of the Ethiopians demanding as well the sacrifice of the princess 6 These sea goddesses also were said to reveal to men the mysteries of Dionysus and Persephone 7 8 Names Edit French Empire mantel clock 1822 depicting the nereid Galatea velificans This list is correlated from four sources Homer s Iliad 9 Hesiod s Theogony 10 the Bibliotheca of Pseudo Apollodorus 11 and the Fabulae of Hyginus 12 Because of this the total number of names goes beyond fifty 13 List of Nereids No Name Sources NotesHom Hes Apol Hyg Others1Actaea 2 Agaue Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus 3 Amatheia Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus 4Amphinome Feeds Poseidon s flock5 Amphithoe Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus 6 Amphitrite The name of an Oceanid 14 7Apseudes 8 Arethusa 15 9 Asia 16 The name of an Oceanid 17 10 Autonoe Only mentioned by name11 Beroe The name of an Oceanid 18 12 Callianassa Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus 13 Callianeira Only mentioned by name on the Iliad 14 Calypso The name of an Oceanid 19 15 Ceto The name of an Oceanid 20 Only mentioned by name16 Clio The name of an Oceanid 21 17 Clymene 22 The name of an Oceanid 23 appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus 18 Cranto 19 Creneis 20 Cydippe 24 In the train of Cyrene along with her other sisters21 Cymatolege Only mentioned by name22 Cymo Only mentioned by name23 Cymodoce 25 24 Cymothoe 26 Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus 25 Deiopea 16 26 Dero Only mentioned by name27 Dexamene Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus 28 Dione The name of an Oceanid 27 29 Doris The name of an Oceanid 17 30 Doto 28 31 Drymo 29 One of the nymphs in the train of Cyrene32 Dynamene 33 Eione Only mentioned by name34 Ephyra 16 The name of an Oceanid 30 35 Erato 36 Euagore 37 Euarne 38 Eucrante 39 Eudore The name of an Oceanid 27 40 Eulimene 41 Eumolpe Only mentioned by name42 Eunice 43 Eupompe Only mentioned by name44 Eurydice 45 Galene 46 Galatea 28 47 Glauce 48 Glauconome Only mentioned by name49 Halie 50 Halimede 51 Hipponoe 52 Hippothoe Only mentioned by name53 Iaera Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus 54 Ianassa Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus 55 Ianeira The name of an Oceanid 19 appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus 56 Ione 57 Iphianassa 31 Only mentioned by name58 Laomedeia Only mentioned by name59 Leiagore Only mentioned by name60 Leucothoe 61 Ligea 29 62 Limnoreia 63 Lycorias 24 64 Lysianassa 65 Maera Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus 66 Melite 32 The name of an Oceanid 33 67 Menippe The name of an Oceanid 34 68 Nausithoe 69 Neaera The name of an Oceanid70 Nemertes 71 Neomeris 72 Nesaea 35 73 Neso Only mentioned by name Gives her name to Neso one of Neptune s moons 74 Opis 16 75 Oreithyia Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus 76 Panope 28 77 Panopea 32 78 Pasithea Only mentioned by name79 Pherusa Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus 80 Phyllodoce 29 81 Plexaure The name of an Oceanid 36 82 Ploto Only mentioned by name83 Polynoe 84 Polynome Only mentioned by name85 Pontomedusa Only mentioned by name86 Pontoporeia Only mentioned by name87 Pronoe Only mentioned by name88 Proto 89 Protomedeia Only mentioned by name90 Psamathe 91 Sao Means the rescuer only mentioned by name92 Speio 35 Appeared to Thetis when she cried out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for Patroclus 93 Thaleia 35 94 Themisto Only mentioned by name95 Thetis 32 96 Thoe The name of an Oceanid 37 97 Xantho 29 The name of an Oceanid 27 Total 34 50 45 47Iconography Edit Nereid riding a sea bull latter 2nd century BC In ancient art the Nereides appear in the retinue of Poseidon Amphitrite Thetis and other sea divinities On black figure Greek vases they appear fully clothed such as on a Corinthian hydra sixth century BCE Paris where they stand near the bier of Achilles Later vase paintings depict them nude or partially nude mounted on dolphins sea horses or other marine creatures and often grouped together with Tritons They appear as such on Roman frescoes and sarcophagi An Etruscan bronze cista from Palestrina depicts winged Nereides Famous is the Nereid Monument a marble tomb from Xanthos Lycia Asia Minor partially in the collection of the British Museum At the top is a small temple surrounded by pillars between which Nereides stood They were depicted in motion and with billowing transparent clothes The style is Attic Ionian and dates to ca 400 BCE In the Renaissance and baroque periods the Nereid was frequently used to decorate fountains and garden monuments Worship EditNereides were worshiped in several parts of Greece but more especially in sea port towns such as Cardamyle 38 and on the Isthmus of Corinth 39 The epithets given them by the poets refer partly to their beauty and partly to their place of abode Modern use EditIn modern Greek folklore the term nereid neraida neraida has come to be used for all nymphs fairies or mermaids not merely nymphs of the sea 40 Nereid a moon of the planet Neptune is named after the Nereids as is Nereid Lake in Antarctica 41 See also EditNeraida type of supernatural wife Notes Edit Aelian De Natura Animalium 14 28 Atsma Aaron J Nereides Theoi Project Greek Mythology Retrieved 7 March 2016 Homer Iliad 18 39 51 Virgil Georgics 4 338 Virgil Aeneid 5 825 826 Apollodorus 2 4 3 Hyginus Fabulae 64 De Astronomica 2 10 with Euripides and Sophocles as the authority Ovid Metamorphoses 5 16 ff Orphic Hymns 24 10 Kerenyi Carl 1951 The Gods of the Greeks London Thames and Hudson p 66 Homer Iliad 18 39 51 Hesiod Theogony 240 262 Apollodorus 1 2 7 Hyginus Fabulae Preface Parada Carlos Nereids Greek Mythology Link Retrieved 7 March 2016 Apollodorus 1 2 2 amp 1 4 5 Virgil Georgics 4 346 a b c d Virgil Georgics 4 343 a b Hesiod Theogony 349 361 Apollodorus 1 2 2 Virgil Georgics 4 341 Nonnus Dionysiaca 41 153 a b Hesiod Theogony 349 361 Homeric Hymn to Demeter 418 423 Nonnus Dionysiaca 26 355 Virgil Georgics 4 341 Virgil Georgics 4 345 Hesiod Theogony 349 361 Hyginus Fabulae 156 Tzetzes Chiliades 4 19 359 a b Virgil Georgics 4 339 Virgil Georgics 4 338 Aeneid 5 826 Statius Silvae 2 2 20 Valerius Flaccus 2 605 Quintus Smyrnaeus 5 394 ff a b c Hesiod Theogony 349 361 a b c Valerius Flaccus Argonautica 1 130 ff a b c d Virgil Georgics 4 336 Hyginus Fabulae 275 6 Eumelus fr 1 Fowler apud Pausanias 2 1 1 Lucian Dialogi Marini 14 a b c Virgil Aeneid 5 825 Homeric Hymn to Demeter 418 423 Hyginus Fabulae Th 8 Hyginus Fabulae Th 6 Smith and Trzaskoma p 95 except where otherwise indicated a b c Virgil Georgics 4 338 Aeneid 5 826 Hesiod Theogony 353 Homeric Hymn to Demeter 418 423 Pausanias 3 2 5 Pausanias 2 1 7 Zervas Theodore G 2016 Formal and Informal Education During the Rise of Greek Nationalism Learning to be Greek Springer p 121 ISBN 9781137484154 Nereid Lake SCAR Composite Gazetteer of AntarcticaReferences EditAken Dr A R A van 1961 Elseviers Mythologische Encyclopedie Amsterdam Elsevier Apollodorus The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer F B A F R S in 2 Volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1921 ISBN 0 674 99135 4 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Greek text available from the same website Gaius Julius Hyginus Astronomica from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies Online version at the Topos Text Project Gaius Julius Hyginus Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies Online version at the Topos Text Project Gaius Valerius Flaccus Argonautica translated by Mozley J H Loeb Classical Library Volume 286 Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1928 Online version at theio com Gaius Valerius Flaccus Argonauticon Otto Kramer Leipzig Teubner 1913 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library Hesiod Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G Evelyn White Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1914 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Greek text available from the same website Homer The Iliad with an English Translation by A T Murray Ph D in two volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1924 ISBN 978 0674995796 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Homer Homeri Opera in five volumes Oxford Oxford University Press 1920 ISBN 978 0198145318 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library The Hymns of Orpheus Translated by Taylor Thomas 1792 University of Pennsylvania Press 1999 Online version at the theoi com Kerenyi Carl The Gods of the Greeks Thames and Hudson London 1951 Lucian of Samosata Dialogues of the Sea Gods translated by Fowler H W and F G Oxford The Clarendon Press 1905 Online version at theoi com Luciani Samosatensis Opera Vol I Karl Jacobitz in aedibus B G Teubneri Leipzig 1896 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W H S Jones Litt D and H A Ormerod M A in 4 Volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1918 ISBN 0 674 99328 4 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Pausanias Graeciae Descriptio 3 vols Leipzig Teubner 1903 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Publius Ovidius Naso Metamorphoses translated by Brookes More 1859 1942 Boston Cornhill Publishing Co 1922 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Publius Ovidius Naso Metamorphoses Hugo Magnus Gotha Germany Friedr Andr Perthes 1892 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library Publius Vergilius Maro Aeneid Theodore C Williams trans Boston Houghton Mifflin Co 1910 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Publius Vergilius Maro Bucolics Aeneid and Georgics J B Greenough Boston Ginn amp Co 1900 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library Publius Vergilius Maro Bucolics Aeneid and Georgics of Vergil J B Greenough Boston Ginn amp Co 1900 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nereids Nereids in classical literature and art Nereid and Triton Mosaic from Ephesus Terrace Home 2 3D stereoview of Nereid and Triton relief from Temple of Apollo in Didim Warburg Institute Iconographic Database ca 600 images of Nereids and other sea deities Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nereids amp oldid 1131618882, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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