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National Social Democratic Front

October 27, 2023

For other uses, see NSDF (disambiguation) and SDA.

The National Social Democratic Front (Vietnamese: Mặt trận Quốc gia Dân chủ Xã hội), later named the Social Democratic Alliance (Vietnamese: Liên minh Dân chủ Xã hội), was a South Vietnamese political party which was effectively a federation of different groups, united by their anti-communist stance. Its chairman was Lt. Gen. Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, leader of South Vietnam in 1965–1975.

National Social Democratic Front
Mặt trận Quốc gia Dân chủ Xã hội
Chairman[note 1]Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (honourary)
Nguyễn Văn Hiếu (de facto)
Founded1967 (1967)
Dissolved1975 (1975)
Merger ofDemocratic Progressive Party
National Revolutionary Movement
National Progressive Movement
Alliance of Democratic and Peaceful Forces
Vietnamese Nationalist Party
Vietnamese Democratic Socialist Party
Preceded byDemocratic Progressive Party[1][2][3]
HeadquartersSaigon
Ideology"Survival nationalism"[4]
Anti-communism
Political positionBig tent
Colors  Red   White   Yellow
Slogan"Freedom—Democracy—Progress—Prosperity"
(Tự do—Dân chủ—Tiến bộ—Phú cường)
Party flag

History edit

Democratic Progressive Party edit

The party was founded as the Democratic Progressive Party (Vietnamese: Đảng Dân-chủ Tiến-bộ) or symply Democratic Party (Vietnamese: Đảng Dân-Chủ) by Nguyễn Văn Thiệu in 1967.[5] It was not linked with its North Vietnam namesake, aligned with Viet Minh and Communists. The Democratic Party, expressing farmers, workers and small traders, participated in the presidential election of 1967, supporting President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu and his military rule. The party also adopted the flag of the National Revolutionary Movement and the Vanguard Youth, a youth organization that participated to August Revolution in 1945 against French colonial rule.[6]

National Social Democratic Front edit

As the Vietnam War flared up, the Democratic Party tried to build a coalition with other anti-communist parties. In 1969, the Democrats finally dissolved themselves into a new subject, the National Social Democratic Front. The party became quickly a federation of several organizations and parties, such as: persecuted Roman Catholics who fled from North Vietnam; the Vietnam Republic Veterans Association, who sympathized with military rule; the Vietnamese Kuomintang, ideologically opposed to communists like its Chinese counterpart; the Democratic Socialist Party, who rejected communists' atheism for Buddhist socialism; the Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam (along with its militant's branch, the National Radical Movement), that desired to reunify Vietnam but not under communists;[7] the Personalist Revolutionary Party, the heir of Can Lao Party and the Peasants' and Workers' Party, supporting rural interests and opposite to Viet Cong's guerrilla.

Social Democratic Alliance edit

The parties' federation was functional during Nguyễn Văn Thiệu's tenure as president and changed its name to Social Democratic Alliance in 1973. However, with the Vietnamization policy adopted by U.S. President Richard Nixon, South Vietnam inexorably started its collapse. The Paris Peace Accords of 1973 was a turning point in the war, causing the end of American intervention in Vietnam. Despite the peace agreement between communist North Vietnam and capitalist South Vietnam, in 1975 North Vietnam broke the peace and started the takeover of South Vietnam. Since the United States refused another intervention, South Vietnam collapsed after the Fall of Saigon, causing the reunification of Vietnam under communist rule.

Democratic Alliance for Vietnam edit

See also: National Alliance of Vietnamese American Service Agencies

Many members of the Front and South Vietnamese government were executed by the new administration, but others fled from Vietnam. In 1981, many former members of the Front created the Democratic Alliance for Vietnam, a pluralist extra-parliamentary opposition group based in California who want restore freedom and democracy in Vietnam.

Prominent members edit

Electoral history edit

Presidential elections edit

Election Party candidate Running mate Votes % Result
1967 Nguyễn Văn Thiệu Nguyễn Cao Kỳ 1,649,561 34.83% Elected  Y
1971 Trần Văn Hương 5,971,114 100% Elected  Y

See also edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Social Democratic Alliance.
  • National Revolutionary Movement
  • Vietnamese National Alliance
  • Rally for Democracy and Pluralism

Notes and references edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Đảng-trưởng

References edit

  1. ^ PRESIDENT THIEU ATTENDS DEMOCRATIC PARTY CONVENTION 1973
  2. ^ PRESIDENT NGUYEN VAN THIEU ATTENDS REVIEW PARADE 1973
  3. ^ INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT THIEU'S DEMOCRATIC PARTY 1973
  4. ^ William J. Duiker. Nationalism and Revolution in Vietnam: The Rise of Nationalism in Vietnam. University of British Columbia Press. pp. 89–90.
  5. ^ "TỔNG THỐNG NGUYỄN VĂN THIỆU : CÔNG VÀ TỘI". Ongvove Wordpress. 1973.
  6. ^ www.truclamyentu.info/tlls_nguyenduyan/chuyenlaco1.htm
  7. ^ Nathalie Huynh; Chau Nguyen (2015). New Perceptions of the Vietnam War: Essays on the War, the South Vietnamese Experience, the Diaspora and the Continuing Impact. McFarland. p. 65.

Further reading edit

Documents edit

  • Bùi Diễm & David Chanoff, In the Jaws of History, Indiana University Press ; Illustrated edition, April 1, 1999
  • Phạm Công Luận, Hồi ức, sưu khảo, ghi chép về văn hóa Sài Gòn, Phuongnam Books & Thegioi Publishing House, Saigon, 2016–2022
  • Kiều Chinh, Nghệ sĩ lưu vong : Hồi ký, Văn Học Press, Irvine, California, United States, 2021
  • David Chanoff and Doan Van Toai (1986) Vietnam: A Portrait of Its People at War, I.B. Tauris Publishers
  • Sharon, Ariel and David Chanoff (1989) Warrior : the autobiography of Ariel Sharon; New York : Simon and Schuster
  • Good, Kenneth and David Chanoff (1992) Into the heart : one man's pursuit of love and knowledge among the Yanomami, Ulverscroft
  • Crowe, William J and David Chanoff (1993) The line of fire : from Washington to the Gulf, the politics and battles of the new military, Simon & Schuster
  • Elders, M Joycelyn and David Chanoff (1996) Joycelyn Elders, M.D. : from sharecropper's daughter to surgeon general of the United States of America, Morrow
  • White, Augustus A. and David Chanoff (2011) Seeing Patients: Unconscious Bias in Health Care, Harvard University Press
  • Zadman, Felix and David Chanoff (1995) Never the last journey: a Fortune 500 founder's life story from Holocaust survivor to victor on Wall Street, Shocken
  • Cao Van Vien (1983). The Final Collapse. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History.
  • Dong Van Khuyen (1979). The RVNAF. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History.
  • Dougan, Clark; Fulghum, David; et al. (1985). The Fall of the South. Boston: Boston Publishing Company. ISBN 0939526166.
  • Dougan, Clark; Weiss, Stephen; et al. (1983). Nineteen Sixty-Eight. Boston, Massachusetts: Boston Publishing Company. ISBN 0939526069.
  • Hammer, Ellen J. (1987). A Death in November: America in Vietnam, 1963. New York: E. P. Dutton. ISBN 0-525-24210-4.
  • Hoang Ngoc Lung (1978). The General Offensives of 1968–69. McLean, Virginia: General Research Corporation.
  • Hosmer, Stephen T.; Konrad Kellen; Jenkins, Brian M. (1980). The fall of South Vietnam : statements by Vietnamese military and civilian leaders. New York: Crane, Russak. ISBN 0844813451.
  • Isaacs, Arnold R. (1983). Without Honor: Defeat in Vietnam and Cambodia. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801830605.
  • Jacobs, Seth (2006). Cold War Mandarin: Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America's War in Vietnam, 1950–1963. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-7425-4447-8.
  • Joes, Anthony J. (1990). The War for South Vietnam, 1954–1975. New York: Praeger. ISBN 0275938921.
  • Jones, Howard (2003). Death of a Generation: how the assassinations of Diem and JFK prolonged the Vietnam War. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505286-2.
  • Kahin, George McT. (1986). Intervention : how America became involved in Vietnam. New York: Knopf. ISBN 039454367X.
  • Karnow, Stanley (1997). Vietnam: A history. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-670-84218-4.
  • Langguth, A. J. (2000). Our Vietnam: the war, 1954–1975. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-81202-9.
  • Le Gro; William E. (1981). From Cease-Fire to Capitulation. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History.
  • Lipsman, Samuel; Weiss, Stephen (1985). The False Peace: 1972–74. Boston, Massachusetts: Boston Publishing Company. ISBN 0-939526-15-8.
  • McAllister, James (November 2004). ""A Fiasco of Noble Proportions": The Johnson Administration and the South Vietnamese Elections of 1967". The Pacific Historical Review. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 73 (4): 619–651. doi:10.1525/phr.2004.73.4.619.
  • McAllister, James (2008). "'Only Religions Count in Vietnam': Thich Tri Quang and the Vietnam War". Modern Asian Studies. New York: Cambridge University Press. 42 (4): 751–782. doi:10.1017/s0026749x07002855. S2CID 145595067.
  • Military History Institute of Vietnam (2002). Victory in Vietnam: A History of the People's Army of Vietnam, 1954–1975. trans. Pribbenow, Merle. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press. ISBN 0700611754.
  • Moyar, Mark (2004). "Political Monks: The Militant Buddhist Movement during the Vietnam War". Modern Asian Studies. New York: Cambridge University Press. 38 (4): 749–784. doi:10.1017/S0026749X04001295. S2CID 145723264.
  • Moyar, Mark (2006). Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521869110.
  • Nguyen Tien Hung; Schecter, Jerrold L. (1986). The Palace File. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0060156406.
  • Penniman, Howard R. (1972). Elections in South Vietnam. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research.
  • Smedberg, Marco (2008). Vietnamkrigen: 1880–1980. Lund, Scania: Historiska Media. ISBN 978-9185507887.
  • Snepp, Frank (1977). Decent Interval: An Insider's Account of Saigon's Indecent End Told by the CIA's Chief Strategy Analyst in Vietnam. New York: Random House. ISBN 0394407431.
  • Truong Nhu Tang (1986). Journal of a Vietcong. Cape. ISBN 0224028197.
  • Willbanks, James H. (2004). Abandoning Vietnam: How America Left and South Vietnam Lost Its War. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press. ISBN 0-7006-1331-5.
  • Zaffiri, Samuel (1994). Westmoreland. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0688111793.

External links edit

  • (in English) (archived from the original on 2009-03-25)
  • The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1967
  • (in Vietnamese)
  • Timeline of NVA invasion of South Vietnam
  • Ông Hoàng Đức Nhã : 45 năm nhìn lại biến cố 30/4 (VOA)
  • KIM NHUNG SHOW | SBTN | Cựu Tổng trưởng Hoàng Đức Nhã 1 2 3
  • Chương trình Lịch Sử VNCH qua phỏng vấn đặc biệt Cựu Tổng Trưởng Hoàng Đức Nhã
  • Nguyên Tổng trưởng Hoàng Đức Nhã và các tổng trưởng VNCH viếng Việt Museum

October 27, 2023
national, social, democratic, front, other, uses, nsdf, disambiguation, vietnamese, mặt, trận, quốc, dân, chủ, hội, later, named, social, democratic, alliance, vietnamese, liên, minh, dân, chủ, hội, south, vietnamese, political, party, which, effectively, fede. For other uses see NSDF disambiguation and SDA The National Social Democratic Front Vietnamese Mặt trận Quốc gia Dan chủ Xa hội later named the Social Democratic Alliance Vietnamese Lien minh Dan chủ Xa hội was a South Vietnamese political party which was effectively a federation of different groups united by their anti communist stance Its chairman was Lt Gen Nguyễn Văn Thiệu leader of South Vietnam in 1965 1975 National Social Democratic Front Mặt trận Quốc gia Dan chủ Xa hộiChairman note 1 Nguyễn Văn Thiệu honourary Nguyễn Văn Hiếu de facto Founded1967 1967 Dissolved1975 1975 Merger ofDemocratic Progressive PartyNational Revolutionary MovementNational Progressive MovementAlliance of Democratic and Peaceful ForcesVietnamese Nationalist PartyVietnamese Democratic Socialist PartyPreceded byDemocratic Progressive Party 1 2 3 HeadquartersSaigonIdeology Survival nationalism 4 Anti communismPolitical positionBig tentColors Red White YellowSlogan Freedom Democracy Progress Prosperity Tự do Dan chủ Tiến bộ Phu cường Party flagPolitics of VietnamPolitical partiesElections Contents 1 History 1 1 Democratic Progressive Party 1 2 National Social Democratic Front 1 3 Social Democratic Alliance 1 4 Democratic Alliance for Vietnam 2 Prominent members 3 Electoral history 3 1 Presidential elections 4 See also 5 Notes and references 5 1 Notes 5 2 References 6 Further reading 6 1 Documents 6 2 External linksHistory editDemocratic Progressive Party edit The party was founded as the Democratic Progressive Party Vietnamese Đảng Dan chủ Tiến bộ or symply Democratic Party Vietnamese Đảng Dan Chủ by Nguyễn Văn Thiệu in 1967 5 It was not linked with its North Vietnam namesake aligned with Viet Minh and Communists The Democratic Party expressing farmers workers and small traders participated in the presidential election of 1967 supporting President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu and his military rule The party also adopted the flag of the National Revolutionary Movement and the Vanguard Youth a youth organization that participated to August Revolution in 1945 against French colonial rule 6 National Social Democratic Front edit As the Vietnam War flared up the Democratic Party tried to build a coalition with other anti communist parties In 1969 the Democrats finally dissolved themselves into a new subject the National Social Democratic Front The party became quickly a federation of several organizations and parties such as persecuted Roman Catholics who fled from North Vietnam the Vietnam Republic Veterans Association who sympathized with military rule the Vietnamese Kuomintang ideologically opposed to communists like its Chinese counterpart the Democratic Socialist Party who rejected communists atheism for Buddhist socialism the Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam along with its militant s branch the National Radical Movement that desired to reunify Vietnam but not under communists 7 the Personalist Revolutionary Party the heir of Can Lao Party and the Peasants and Workers Party supporting rural interests and opposite to Viet Cong s guerrilla Social Democratic Alliance edit The parties federation was functional during Nguyễn Văn Thiệu s tenure as president and changed its name to Social Democratic Alliance in 1973 However with the Vietnamization policy adopted by U S President Richard Nixon South Vietnam inexorably started its collapse The Paris Peace Accords of 1973 was a turning point in the war causing the end of American intervention in Vietnam Despite the peace agreement between communist North Vietnam and capitalist South Vietnam in 1975 North Vietnam broke the peace and started the takeover of South Vietnam Since the United States refused another intervention South Vietnam collapsed after the Fall of Saigon causing the reunification of Vietnam under communist rule Democratic Alliance for Vietnam edit See also National Alliance of Vietnamese American Service Agencies Many members of the Front and South Vietnamese government were executed by the new administration but others fled from Vietnam In 1981 many former members of the Front created the Democratic Alliance for Vietnam a pluralist extra parliamentary opposition group based in California who want restore freedom and democracy in Vietnam Prominent members editBui Diễm Đỗ Mậu Hồ Ngọc Nhuận Hoang Đức Nha Le Minh Tri Nguyễn Ba Cẩn Nguyễn Ba Lương Nguyễn Cao Kỳ Nguyễn Hữu Co Nguyễn Ngọc Huy Nguyễn Ton Hoan Nguyễn Văn Hảo Nguyễn Văn Hiếu Nguyễn Văn Kiểu Nguyễn Văn Thiệu Nguyễn Xuan Oanh Phan Quang Đan Ton Thất Đinh Trần Thiện Khiem Trần Văn Đỗ Trần Văn Đon Trần Văn Hương Trần Văn Lắm Trần Văn Tuyen Trần Văn Chieu Trần Trung Dung Trương Đinh Dzu Vo Long Triều Vương Văn Bắc Electoral history editPresidential elections edit Election Party candidate Running mate Votes Result1967 Nguyễn Văn Thiệu Nguyễn Cao Kỳ 1 649 561 34 83 Elected nbsp Y1971 Trần Văn Hương 5 971 114 100 Elected nbsp YSee also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Social Democratic Alliance National Revolutionary Movement Vietnamese National Alliance Rally for Democracy and PluralismNotes and references editNotes edit Đảng trưởng References edit PRESIDENT THIEU ATTENDS DEMOCRATIC PARTY CONVENTION 1973 PRESIDENT NGUYEN VAN THIEU ATTENDS REVIEW PARADE 1973 INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT THIEU S DEMOCRATIC PARTY 1973 William J Duiker Nationalism and Revolution in Vietnam The Rise of Nationalism in Vietnam University of British Columbia Press pp 89 90 TỔNG THỐNG NGUYỄN VĂN THIỆU CONG VA TỘI Ongvove Wordpress 1973 www truclamyentu info tlls nguyenduyan chuyenlaco1 htm Nathalie Huynh Chau Nguyen 2015 New Perceptions of the Vietnam War Essays on the War the South Vietnamese Experience the Diaspora and the Continuing Impact McFarland p 65 Further reading editDocuments edit Bui Diễm amp David Chanoff In the Jaws of History Indiana University Press Illustrated edition April 1 1999 Phạm Cong Luận Hồi ức sưu khảo ghi chep về văn hoa Sai Gon Phuongnam Books amp Thegioi Publishing House Saigon 2016 2022 Kiều Chinh Nghệ sĩ lưu vong Hồi ky Văn Học Press Irvine California United States 2021 David Chanoff and Doan Van Toai 1986 Vietnam A Portrait of Its People at War I B Tauris Publishers Sharon Ariel and David Chanoff 1989 Warrior the autobiography of Ariel Sharon New York Simon and Schuster Good Kenneth and David Chanoff 1992 Into the heart one man s pursuit of love and knowledge among the Yanomami Ulverscroft Crowe William J and David Chanoff 1993 The line of fire from Washington to the Gulf the politics and battles of the new military Simon amp Schuster Elders M Joycelyn and David Chanoff 1996 Joycelyn Elders M D from sharecropper s daughter to surgeon general of the United States of America Morrow White Augustus A and David Chanoff 2011 Seeing Patients Unconscious Bias in Health Care Harvard University Press Zadman Felix and David Chanoff 1995 Never the last journey a Fortune 500 founder s life story from Holocaust survivor to victor on Wall Street Shocken Cao Van Vien 1983 The Final Collapse Washington D C United States Army Center of Military History Dong Van Khuyen 1979 The RVNAF Washington D C United States Army Center of Military History Dougan Clark Fulghum David et al 1985 The Fall of the South Boston Boston Publishing Company ISBN 0939526166 Dougan Clark Weiss Stephen et al 1983 Nineteen Sixty Eight Boston Massachusetts Boston Publishing Company ISBN 0939526069 Hammer Ellen J 1987 A Death in November America in Vietnam 1963 New York E P Dutton ISBN 0 525 24210 4 Hoang Ngoc Lung 1978 The General Offensives of 1968 69 McLean Virginia General Research Corporation Hosmer Stephen T Konrad Kellen Jenkins Brian M 1980 The fall of South Vietnam statements by Vietnamese military and civilian leaders New York Crane Russak ISBN 0844813451 Isaacs Arnold R 1983 Without Honor Defeat in Vietnam and Cambodia Baltimore Maryland Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 0801830605 Jacobs Seth 2006 Cold War Mandarin Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America s War in Vietnam 1950 1963 Lanham Maryland Rowman amp Littlefield ISBN 0 7425 4447 8 Joes Anthony J 1990 The War for South Vietnam 1954 1975 New York Praeger ISBN 0275938921 Jones Howard 2003 Death of a Generation how the assassinations of Diem and JFK prolonged the Vietnam War New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 505286 2 Kahin George McT 1986 Intervention how America became involved in Vietnam New York Knopf ISBN 039454367X Karnow Stanley 1997 Vietnam A history New York Penguin Books ISBN 0 670 84218 4 Langguth A J 2000 Our Vietnam the war 1954 1975 New York Simon amp Schuster ISBN 0 684 81202 9 Le Gro William E 1981 From Cease Fire to Capitulation Washington D C United States Army Center of Military History Lipsman Samuel Weiss Stephen 1985 The False Peace 1972 74 Boston Massachusetts Boston Publishing Company ISBN 0 939526 15 8 McAllister James November 2004 A Fiasco of Noble Proportions The Johnson Administration and the South Vietnamese Elections of 1967 The Pacific Historical Review Berkeley California University of California Press 73 4 619 651 doi 10 1525 phr 2004 73 4 619 McAllister James 2008 Only Religions Count in Vietnam Thich Tri Quang and the Vietnam War Modern Asian Studies New York Cambridge University Press 42 4 751 782 doi 10 1017 s0026749x07002855 S2CID 145595067 Military History Institute of Vietnam 2002 Victory in Vietnam A History of the People s Army of Vietnam 1954 1975 trans Pribbenow Merle Lawrence Kansas University of Kansas Press ISBN 0700611754 Moyar Mark 2004 Political Monks The Militant Buddhist Movement during the Vietnam War Modern Asian Studies New York Cambridge University Press 38 4 749 784 doi 10 1017 S0026749X04001295 S2CID 145723264 Moyar Mark 2006 Triumph Forsaken The Vietnam War 1954 1965 New York Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521869110 Nguyen Tien Hung Schecter Jerrold L 1986 The Palace File New York Harper amp Row ISBN 0060156406 Penniman Howard R 1972 Elections in South Vietnam Washington D C American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research Smedberg Marco 2008 Vietnamkrigen 1880 1980 Lund Scania Historiska Media ISBN 978 9185507887 Snepp Frank 1977 Decent Interval An Insider s Account of Saigon s Indecent End Told by the CIA s Chief Strategy Analyst in Vietnam New York Random House ISBN 0394407431 Truong Nhu Tang 1986 Journal of a Vietcong Cape ISBN 0224028197 Willbanks James H 2004 Abandoning Vietnam How America Left and South Vietnam Lost Its War Lawrence Kansas University of Kansas Press ISBN 0 7006 1331 5 Zaffiri Samuel 1994 Westmoreland New York William Morrow ISBN 0688111793 External links edit in English The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1956 archived from the original on 2009 03 25 The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1967 in Vietnamese HIẾN PHAP VIỆT NAM CỘNG HOA 1967 Timeline of NVA invasion of South Vietnam Ong Hoang Đức Nha 45 năm nhin lại biến cố 30 4 VOA KIM NHUNG SHOW SBTN Cựu Tổng trưởng Hoang Đức Nha 1 2 3 Chương trinh Lịch Sử VNCH qua phỏng vấn đặc biệt Cựu Tổng Trưởng Hoang Đức Nha Nguyen Tổng trưởng Hoang Đức Nha va cac tổng trưởng VNCH viếng Việt Museum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title National Social Democratic Front amp oldid 1179573796, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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