Nathan Deal
John Nathan Deal (born August 25, 1942) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 82nd governor of Georgia from 2011 to 2019. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic Party in 1992 and switched to the Republican Party in 1995. On March 1, 2010, Deal announced his resignation from Congress to run for Governor of Georgia.
Nathan Deal | |
|---|---|
| 82nd Governor of Georgia | |
| In office January 10, 2011 – January 14, 2019 | |
| Lieutenant | Casey Cagle |
| Preceded by | Sonny Perdue |
| Succeeded by | Brian Kemp |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Georgia | |
| In office January 3, 1993 – March 21, 2010 | |
| Preceded by | Ed Jenkins |
| Succeeded by | Tom Graves |
| Constituency | 9th district (1993–2003) 10th district (2003–2007) 9th district (2007–2010) |
| Member of the Georgia State Senate from the 49th district | |
| In office January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1993 | |
| Preceded by | Howard Overby |
| Succeeded by | Jane Hemmer |
| Personal details | |
| Born | John Nathan Deal August 25, 1942 Millen, Georgia, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican (1995–present) |
| Other political affiliations | Democratic (before 1995) |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 4 |
| Education | Mercer University (BA, JD) |
| Signature | |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1966–1968 |
| Rank | Captain |
Deal faced a crowded field of candidates in the July 2010 Republican primary election, ultimately facing former Georgia Secretary of State Karen Handel in a tightly contested August 10, 2010, primary runoff election, and won by fewer than 2,500 votes.[1] The following day, Handel declined to pursue a recount and conceded. On November 2, Democratic opponent Roy Barnes called to concede the race for governor of Georgia, making Deal the governor-elect to succeed term-limited Sonny Perdue in 2011.[2]
Deal won his re-election campaign for governor in 2014 against Democrat Jason Carter. He was succeeded by then-Secretary of State Brian Kemp.
Early life
Deal was born on August 25, 1942 in the town of Millen and grew up on a farm in Sandersville, Georgia. His parents, Mary (née Mallard) and Noah Jordan Deal, were teachers.[3]
He attended Mercer University in Macon, where he earned his bachelor and law degrees with honors.[4] After he earned his Juris Doctor degree in 1966, he joined the United States Army, where he earned the rank of captain.[5]
Deal spent twenty-three years in private law practice. He was also a criminal prosecutor, a Hall County juvenile court judge, and a Northeastern Judicial Circuit superior court judge. In 1980, he was elected to the Georgia Senate as a Democrat.[6][7]
In November 1990, he was elected by his party to be the President Pro Tempore, the second highest ranking position in the chamber.[8] Democrat Jane R. Hemmer replaced him, but was defeated by Republican Casey Cagle.[citation needed]
U.S. House of Representatives (1993–2010)
Elections
Deal was first elected to Congress in November 1992 as a Democrat, succeeding eight-term incumbent Ed Jenkins in Georgia's 9th congressional district. He was re-elected as a Democrat in 1994.[citation needed]
However, on April 11, 1995, shortly after Republicans assumed control of the U.S. House of Representatives for the first time in 40 years, Deal joined the Republican Party, which was led by Speaker Newt Gingrich, a fellow Georgian. Years later, Gingrich said that Deal became a Republican because he liked what he saw in the Contract With America.[9][10]
Deal was handily re-elected in his first election as a Republican in the 1996 general election, even though Jenkins endorsed his Democratic opponent, attorney McCracken "Ken" Poston. This was the first time his district had elected a Republican for a full term since Reconstruction.[citation needed] To date, Poston is the last Democrat to win even 30 percent of the vote in this district.
Deal was unopposed for re-election in 1998, 2002, and 2004 and defeated an underfunded Democratic candidate in 2000. His district was renumbered the 10th District in 2003, but became the 9th again after a mid-decade redistricting in 2006.[citation needed]
In November 2006, Deal was re-elected 77%–23%. His Democratic opponent was John Bradbury, a former elementary school teacher turned truck driver. His district, already heavily Republican, became even more Republican after the mid-decade redistricting pushed it further into the Atlanta suburbs.[citation needed]
Tenure
Deal's voting record was relatively moderate in his first term, getting ratings in the 60s from the American Conservative Union (ACU). He moved sharply to the right after his party switch and voted for all four articles of impeachment against Bill Clinton.[citation needed] From 1996 onward, he garnered ratings of 90 or higher from the ACU.
During his 17 years in Congress, Deal rose to chair the Health Subcommittee of Energy and Commerce, where he became a noted expert on entitlement reform and health care policy.[11]
Deal introduced H.R. 698, the Citizenship Reform Act, which would eliminate birthright citizenship for undocumented immigrants in the U.S. The 14th Amendment begins "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States. ... " Deal's argument is that undocumented immigrants (and their children) are not subject to U.S. jurisdiction.[12]
Committee assignments
Recovery Services, Inc. controversy
The Office of Congressional Ethics released a report on March 30, 2010, that concluded Deal appeared to have improperly used his office staff to pressure Georgia officials to continue the state vehicle inspection program that generated hundreds of thousands of dollars a year for his family's auto salvage business. Deal stated: "I have done nothing wrong and am not going to let this tarnish my ... record of public service."[13]
The Office of Congressional Ethics (OCE), released their investigative report (Review No. 09-1022) on March 30, 2010.[14] The report stipulates,
Representative Nathan Deal and his business partner own Recovery Services, Inc. a/k/a Gainesville Salvage & Disposal ('GSD'), located in Gainesville, Georgia ... The OCE does not take a position on Representative Deal's motivations for inserting himself into discussions of potential modifications to a state vehicle inspection program ... The OCE reviews the facts as presented at the time of review and does not take a position on whether Representative Deal's income from GSD was mistakenly reported as earned income since 2006 on his federal income taxes ... [F]or all the reasons stated above, the OCE Board recommends further review by the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct.
Resignation from Congress
On March 1, 2010, 29 days before the official release of the ethics report, Deal resigned his seat, which he said, excluded him from the Office of Congressional Ethics' jurisdiction.[15][16] Although this seemed too coincidental for some, Deal maintained in a speech to supporters that the resignation was so that he could "devote [his] full energies" to the gubernatorial campaign.[17]
Before returning to Georgia to run for governor, Deal cast his final congressional vote against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare.[18]
2010 gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Governor Sonny Perdue was term-limited in 2010. Seven candidates filed to run in the Republican primary. In the initial Republican primary in July, no candidate received the 50% threshold to win the primary outright. Georgia Secretary of State Karen Handel ranked first with 34%, qualifying for the run-off election. Deal, ranked second with 23% of the vote, also qualified for the run-off election.
Candidates who didn't qualify included State Senator Eric Johnson (20%), Insurance Commissioner John Oxendine (16%), State Senator Jeff Chapman (3%), businessman Ray McBerry (3%), and businessman Otis Putnam (0%). Deal performed the strongest in the northern part of the state, where he lives and represented in Congress. However, he also won some counties in the southern part of the state, such as Candler (30%) and Tift (24%). He won five counties with a majority including his home of Hall (64%), Dade (56%), Walker (56%), White (53%), and Stephens (53%).[19]
The run-off election between Handel and Deal was very competitive. Deal was endorsed by former House Speaker Newt Gingrich, U.S. Representative Jack Kingston, and former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee. Handel was endorsed by Arizona Governor Jan Brewer and former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin.[20]
On August 10, Deal defeated Handel 50.2%-49.8%, a difference of just 2,519 votes. Handel performed well in the western and eastern borders of the state, as well as the counties surrounding Atlanta. She won the heavily populated Fulton County with 71%, her best performance in the state, followed by Glascock (70%) and Burke (70%). Deal's two best counties were Taliaferro (80%) and Hall (79%).[21]
In the general election, Deal faced former governor and state senator Roy Barnes (D) and John Monds (L). Barnes previously won the 1998 gubernatorial election with 52% of the vote,[22] and lost re-election in 2002 to State Senator Sonny Perdue 51%-46%. Perdue was the first Georgia Republican Governor since Reconstruction.[23][24]
Barnes has always been considered a moderate.[citation needed] After he lost re-election, he returned to practicing law for eight years until mounting a political comeback. Deal tried to connect Barnes with President Barack Obama. Barnes said "if you would listen to what is being said, you would have thought that this is an election for president of the United States." Barnes also tried to distance himself from Obama, saying his health care law was "the greatest failure of political leadership in my lifetime". On November 3, Deal defeated Barnes 53%-43%.[25]
2011 ethics investigation
In 2011, then Georgia Government Transparency and Campaign Finance Commission Executive Secretary Stacey Kalberman and Deputy Executive Secretary Sherilyn Streiker launched an ethics investigation into Deal's campaign finances during his 2010 gubernatorial race. According to the complaint, Deal had used state campaign funds to pay legal bills stemming from a federal ethics investigation when he was in Congress, that he had personally profited from his gubernatorial campaign's $135,000 rental of aircraft from a company he partly owned, and that he had accepted campaign contributions beyond the legal limits.[26] The campaign also paid a total of $135,000 to consulting companies which were owned by Deal's daughter-in-law and the father of Chris Riley, Deal's chief of staff.[27]
As Kalberman and Streiker were preparing to serve subpoenas to Deal, his chief of staff, and others involved in the case, Kalberman's salary was cut by $35,000 and Streiker was ousted from her position.[28] Soon after, Kalberman was forced to resign and was replaced by Holly LaBerge, who was recruited by the governor's office.[29]
On July 23, 2012, the ethics commission cleared Deal of major ethics violations while finding he made "technical defects" in a series of personal financial and campaign finance reports. In July 2012, Deal agreed to pay $3,350 in administrative fees to resolve violations of campaign finance and disclosure laws.[30]
Holly LaBerge, the head of the ethics commission that cleared Deal of major ethics violations, claimed in July 2014 that Ryan Teague, Deal's counsel, called her to say: "It was not in the agency's best interest for these cases to go to a hearing ... nor was it in their best political interest either." Deal has stated that he is "not aware of any communications along those lines".[31][32][33][34]
2014 gubernatorial election
Deal ran for re-election in 2014. He defeated two primary challengers and defeated Democratic State Senator Jason Carter in the general election with 53% of the vote to Carter's 45%.[citation needed]
Governor of Georgia (2011–2019)
Inauguration
Deal took office as governor on January 10, the second Monday of 2011. His second inauguration took place on January 12, 2015.[35][36]
Supreme Court expansion
As Governor, Deal expanded the Supreme Court, adding two more justices to the court.[37]
Immigration
In 2011, despite protests outside his office and threats of boycotts,[38] Deal signed Georgia HB 87 into law, which increased the state's enforcement powers in regards to illegal immigration, as well as required many employers to determine whether their newly hired employees are undocumented immigrants or not.[39]
Criminal justice reform
In 2011, Georgia was in the midst of a criminal justice crisis. The prison population had doubled in the past two decades to 56,000, along with the state's incarceration budget. The recidivism rate was 30 percent for adults and 65 percent for juveniles. In response, Deal commissioned the Georgia Criminal Justice Reform Council, tasked with performing an exhaustive review of the state's current system, identifying key areas of focus and providing recommendations for reforms.[40] These areas included increased funding and support for accountability courts, overhauling the juvenile justice system, and implementing prisoner re-entry initiatives. The Council's work resulted in bipartisan legislation that caused Georgia to avoid the need for 5,000 additional prison beds over 5 years and saved taxpayers at least $264 million.[41] A 2014 study showed that "prison sentences imposed on African-American offenders have dropped by 20 percent."[42]
On April 25, 2013, Deal signed HB 349 into law, which enacted a second round of criminal justice reforms. These reforms took a "smart on crime" approach and were based on recommendations from the Special Council on Criminal Justice Reform. This law gave those who, while locked up, have earned money toward college in the form of a HOPE Scholarship G-E-D Voucher the ability to use that money up to two years after their release.[43] In addition, Deal reinvested $5 million to create a voluntary grant program that gives communities incentives to offer judges more non-confinement sentencing options. These could include substance abuse treatment or family counseling.[citation needed]
With the help of the Council and the Vera Institute of Justice, Deal developed extensive performance measures to track the success of previous reforms to ensure they were enhancing public safety and saving taxpayer dollars. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported, "Since 2007 alone, more than three-dozen such courts have opened their doors across Georgia. In the first quarter of 2014, more than 4,100 offenders were enrolled in the state's 105 accountability courts, and many of these participants would likely be in prison without this alternative."[42]
On April 25, 2014, Deal announced the creation of the Governor's Interfaith Council, composed of religious leaders across Georgia, to expand upon recent criminal justice reforms. These programs and council advisors will implement cost-effective strategies will work to increase the number of former offenders returning to the workforce and supporting their families.[44] By removing barriers to employment, housing and education for rehabilitated offenders, a larger number of returning citizens are able to rejoin the workforce and support their families. Some of Deal's initiatives include education and jobs training programs, "banning the box" and creation of the Department of Community Supervision, which streamlines re-entry programs across various state agencies.[41]
Safe Carry Protection Act
In 2014, Deal signed House Bill (H.B.) 60, the Safe Carry Protection Act, referred to by critics as the "Guns Everywhere" Law.[45] Deal stated that gun rights through the United States Constitution's Second Amendment are important to people in Georgia.[45] The Safe Carry Protection Act took effect on July 1, 2014, and permits licensed gun owners to carry guns into many public and private places, including churches, school property, bars, nightclubs, libraries, and some government buildings in Georgia.[45][46][47][48][49][50] The law was supported by the Georgia Baptist Convention which included 3,600 Baptist churches in Georgia in favor of increased church autonomy,[49] but was not supported by Catholic or Episcopalian church leaders due to their belief that it is against Jesus' teachings.[49] By 2016, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution found that while 57% of Georgians believed that owning a gun protects people, 59% disapproved of the law itself.[51]
Resettlement of Syrian refugees
In 2015 Deal issued an executive order ordering state agencies to "halt any involvement in accepting refugees from Syria for resettlement in the state of Georgia",[52] resulting in the state's Department of Human Resources refusing to process applications for food stamps and other benefits filed by newly arrived Syrian refugees.[53] Deal rescinded his order on January 4, 2016, after Georgia Attorney General Sam Olens said Deal lacked the authority to issue it.[54]
Religious liberty bill veto
On March 28, 2016, Deal vetoed a religious liberty bill that had been passed by both houses of the Georgia State Legislature, and that had been opposed by multiple large corporations, including Salesforce.com, the Coca-Cola Company and the Home Depot.[55]
Campus carry
On May 3, 2016, Deal vetoed a campus carry bill that had been passed by the state legislature, after a number of state legislators refused to include exceptions for child-care centers and other places on college campuses. Had Deal signed the bill into law, it would have made concealed carrying of guns legal at every public college in Georgia, so long as the carrier was 21 or older and had a proper permit.[56] One year later, on May 4, 2017, Deal signed a revised and stricter version of the campus carry bill into law.[57]
Deal was succeeded by Governor Brian Kemp on January 14, 2019.
Electoral history
| Georgia gubernatorial election, 2014 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | + |
| Republican | Nathan Deal | 1,345,237 | 52.75% | -0.27% |
| Democratic | Jason Carter | 1,144,794 | 44.89% | +1.92% |
| Libertarian | Andrew Hunt | 60,185 | 2.36% | -1.65% |
| Write-in | David Byrne | 420 | 0.17% | |
| Write-in | Matthew Jamison | 10 | 0.00% | |
| Write-in | Chancey Andrell Porter | 2 | 0.00% | |
| Majority | 200,443 | 7.86% | -2.19% | |
| Turnout | 2,550,648 | |||
| Republican hold | Swing | |||
| Georgia Republican primary gubernatorial election, 2014 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Nathan Deal | 430,170 | 72.15% |
| Republican | David Pennington, III | 99,548 | 16.70% |
| Republican | John Barge | 66,500 | 11.15% |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Nathan Deal | 1,365,832 | 53.02% | -4.93% | |
| Democratic | Roy Barnes | 1,107,011 | 42.97% | +4.75% | |
| Libertarian | John Monds | 103,194 | 4.01% | +0.17% | |
| Write-ins | 124 | 0.00% | |||
| Majority | 258,821 | 10.05% | -9.68% | ||
| Turnout | 2,576,161 | ||||
| Republican hold | Swing | ||||
| Georgia Republican primary runoff gubernatorial election, 2010 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Nathan Deal | 291,035 | 50.2% |
| Republican | Karen Handel | 288,516 | 49.8% |
| Georgia Republican primary gubernatorial election, 2010 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Karen Handel | 231,990 | 34.1% |
| Republican | Nathan Deal | 155,946 | 22.9% |
| Republican | Eric Johnson | 136,792 | 20.1% |
| Republican | John Oxendine | 115,421 | 17.0% |
| Republican | Jeff Chapman | 20,636 | 3.0% |
| Republican | Ray McBerry | 17,171 | 2.5% |
| Republican | Otis Putnam | 2,543 | 0.4% |
| Year | District | Democratic | Votes | Pct | Republican | Votes | Pct | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | 9th | Nathan Deal | 113,024 | 59% | Daniel Becker | 77,919 | 41% | |||
| 1994 | 9th | Nathan Deal | 79,145 | 58% | Robert L. Castello | 57,568 | 42% | |||
| 1996 | 9th | McCracken "Ken" Poston | 69,662 | 34% | Nathan Deal | 132,532 | 66% | |||
| 1998 | 9th | (no candidate) | Nathan Deal | 122,713 | 100% | |||||
| 2000 | 9th | James Harrington | 60,360 | 25% | Nathan Deal | 183,171 | 75% | |||
| 2002 | 10th | (no candidate) | Nathan Deal | 129,242 | 100% | |||||
| 2004 | 10th | (no candidate) | Nathan Deal | 219,136 | 100% | |||||
| 2006 | 9th | John D. Bradbury | 39,240 | 23% | Nathan Deal | 128,685 | 77% | |||
| 2008 | 9th | Jeff Scott | 70,401 | 25% | Nathan Deal | 216,925 | 75% |
See also
References
- ^ Aaron Gould Sheinin (August 11, 2010). . Blogs.ajc.com. Archived from the original on March 21, 2013. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
- ^ "Deal defeats Barnes to take Governor's Mansion". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
- ^ "Nathan Deal (b. 1942)". Georgiaencyclopedia.org. December 23, 2014. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
- ^ [1] Archived July 29, 2012, at archive.today
- ^ . Gov.georgia.gov. January 10, 2011. Archived from the original on July 3, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
- ^ "The U.S. Congress Votes Database". The Washington Post.
- ^ "Candidate - Nathan Deal". Our Campaigns. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
- ^ "The Albany Herald". Retrieved July 19, 2013.
- ^ "Georgia Congressman Deserts Demos/Nathan Deal is third to switch to GOP since Nov. 8". San Francisco Chronicle. April 11, 1995. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
- ^ Newt Gingrich talks about Nathan Deal on YouTube in campaign video for Deal's gubernatorial bid.
- ^ "Health Subcommittee Chairman Takes Lead on Cancer Care: Interview With Rep. Nathan Deal". Journal of Oncology Practice. 2 (1): 24. 2006. doi:10.1200/jop.2006.2.1.24. PMC 2794635. PMID 29442565.
- ^ H. R. 698 (see especially section 3)
- ^ Eric Lipton (March 29, 2010). "Ethics Report Faults Ex-Congressman". The New York Times. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
- ^ OCE (March 26, 2010). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 7, 2010.
- ^ Justin Elliott (March 1, 2010). "Did GOP Rep Resign To Squelch Ethics Probe?". Tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
- ^ Aaron Gould Sheinin (March 1, 2010). . Blogs.ajc.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
- ^ Aaron Gould Sheinin and Jim Tharpe. "Deal's resignation upends state politics". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
- ^ "Nathan Deal on the Issues". Ontheissues.org. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
- ^ "GA Governor - R Primary Race". Our Campaigns. July 20, 2010. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
- ^ . CBS News. August 11, 2010. Archived from the original on January 23, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
- ^ "GA Governor - R Runoff Race". Our Campaigns. August 10, 2010. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
- ^ "GA Governor Race". Our Campaigns. November 3, 1998. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
- ^ "Handel, Deal Neck and Neck in GOP Gubernatorial Runoff". Fox News Channel. August 11, 2010.
- ^ "GA - Governor Race". Our Campaigns. November 5, 2002. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
- ^ "GA Governor Race". Our Campaigns. November 2, 2010. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
- ^ Copeland, Larry (July 16, 2014). "New ethics memo surfaces, roiling Ga. governor's race". USA Today.
- ^ Jim Walls (November 6, 2013). "Probe sought Deal data, Ethics official's pay cut, job eliminated after subpoenas prepared". ajc.com.
- ^ Sheinin, Aaron (April 4, 2014). "Jury rules in favor of ex-ethics chief; awards $700,000 judgment". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
- ^ The Associated Press (April 5, 2014). "Ethics Chief in Georgia Wins Suit Over Ouster". The New York Times.
- ^ Cassidy, Christina (December 12, 2013). "Subpoenas Related To Ethics Complaints Involving Georgia Gov. Nathan Deal". The Huffington Post.
- ^ Sheinin, Aaron (July 14, 2014). "Ethics chief claims Deal aides pressured her, threatened agency". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
- ^ Aaron Gould Sheinin (September 8, 2014). "Ethics commission chief Holly LaBerge fired". ajc.com.
- ^ KATE BRUMBACK, Associated Press (September 8, 2014). "Ga. ethics agency chief fired after judge fines her for withholding key documents in lawsuit". northwestgeorgianews.com.
- ^ CHRISTINA A. CASSIDY, Associated Press (January 27, 2014). "Staffing situation worsens at GA ethics commission". washingtontimes.com.
- ^ "Georgia Gubernatorial Inauguration". C-SPAN.
- ^ Associated Press (January 12, 2015). "Gov. Deal inauguration today". Augusta Chronicle.
- ^ "Expansion of Georgia's Supreme Court wins final approval". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
- ^ Valdes, Gustavo (May 13, 2011). "Georgia governor signs controversial anti-illegal immigration law". CNN. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
- ^ "Georgia governor signs immigration bill into law". USA Today. Associated Press. May 13, 2011. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
- ^ Press Release (February 16, 2011) - "Deal, Leaders Seek Commission on Criminal Justice Reform". Governor Nathan Deal - Office of the Governor.
- ^ a b Shavin, Naomi (April 1, 2015). "GOP Governor Nathan Deal Is Leading the U.S. on Prison Reform". New Republic. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
- ^ a b Rankin, Bill & Gould Sheinin, Aaron (August 2, 2014) - "Fewer Black Georgians Sent to Prison". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
- ^ Press Release (August 4, 2014) - "AJC: Deal's Criminal Justice Reforms Paying Dividends". Governor Nathan Deal - Office of the Governor.
- ^ Press Release (April 25, 2014) - "Deal: Interfaith Council Will Build Upon Criminal Justice Reform Initiatives". Governor Nathan Deal - Office of the Governor.
- ^ a b c Georgia law allows guns in some schools, bars, churches, CNN, Atlanta, GA: Cable News Network/Turner Broadcasting System, Inc., April 23, 2014, Sayers, D.M. & McLaughlin, E.C.. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
- ^ House Bill 60, Official Code of Georgia Annotated, Georgia House of Representatives, Atlanta, GA, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
- ^ Ga. governor signs 'guns everywhere' into law, USA Today, New York, NY: Gannett Satellite Information Network, Inc., April 23, 2014, Copeland, L. & Richards, D.. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
- ^ Georgia governor signs 'unprecedented' gun rights bill, The Huffington Post, The Huffington Post, LLC, April 23, 2014, Lavender, P.. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
- ^ a b c Georgia’s sweeping gun law sparks religious backlash, Time, May 5, 2014, Sanburn, J.. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
- ^ Georgia lawmakers pass controversial 'guns everywhere' bill, MSNBC, New York, NY: NBC Universal, March 21, 2014, Richinick, M.. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
- ^ "New AJC poll shows voters disapprove of Georgia's new gun law". Ajc.com. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
- ^ "State of Georgia Executive Order" (PDF). November 13, 2015.
- ^ Redmon, Jeremy (December 10, 2015). "Georgia won't process benefits applications for new Syrian refugees". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ "Georgia: Governor Lifts Block Against Syrian Refugees". The New York Times. Associated Press. January 5, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2016.
- ^ Ellis, Ralph (March 28, 2016). "Georgia Gov. Nathan Deal to veto 'religious liberty' bill". CNN. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ Bluestein, Greg (May 3, 2016). "Deal rejects Georgia's 'campus carry' bill". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
"Georgia governor vetoes "campus-carry" concealed gun bill". CBS News. Associated Press. May 3, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2016. - ^ "Governor Nathan Deal Signs "Campus Carry" Bill". WAGA-TV. May 4, 2017. Retrieved May 5, 2017.
Hagen, Lisa (May 4, 2017). "Flipping On The Issue, Georgia Gov. Signs Campus Carry Bill". NPR. Retrieved May 5, 2017. - ^ "11/2/2010 - Federal and Statewide". sos.georgia.gov. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
- ^ . Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives. Archived from the original on July 25, 2007. Retrieved January 10, 2008.
External links
Congress
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Profile at SourceWatch
Articles
- NYT Article on effects of his anti-illegal immigration legislation March 12, 2007
- News investigation on YouTube