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List of governors of Georgia

February 15, 2024

Not to be confused with the state commissioners (informally referred to as "Governor"), the chief executives of the Regions of Georgia (country).

The governor of Georgia is the head of government of Georgia and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The current officeholder is Republican Brian Kemp, who assumed office on January 14, 2019.

There have officially been 83 governors of the State of Georgia, including 11 who served more than one distinct term (John Houstoun, George Walton, Edward Telfair, George Mathews, Jared Irwin, David Brydie Mitchell, George Rockingham Gilmer, M. Hoke Smith, Joseph Mackey Brown, John M. Slaton and Eugene Talmadge, with Herman Talmadge serving two de facto distinct terms).

The longest-serving governors are George Busbee, Joe Frank Harris, Zell Miller, Sonny Perdue and Nathan Deal, each of whom served two full four-year terms; Joseph E. Brown, governor during the Civil War, was elected four times, serving seven and a half years. The shortest term of the post-revolutionary period is that of Matthew Talbot, who served 13 days after succeeding his predecessor who died in office. Eugene Talmadge died in December 1946 before taking office in his second distinct term, leading to a dispute in which three people claimed the office.

Governors edit

For the period before independence, see List of colonial governors of Georgia.

Georgia was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on January 2, 1788.[1] Before it declared its independence, Georgia was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain. It seceded from the Union on January 19, 1861,[2] and was a founding member of the Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861.[3] Following the end of the American Civil War, Georgia during Reconstruction was part of the Third Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections. Georgia was readmitted to the Union on July 25, 1868;[4] again expelled from Congress on March 3, 1869;[5] and again readmitted on July 15, 1870.[6]

The Rules and Regulations of the Colony, drafted in 1776, provided for a president to serve a term of 6 months.[7] A formal constitution was drafted in 1777, providing for a governor to serve a term of one year, but no more than one year out of every three.[8] The term was lengthened to two years in 1789, but with no term limit.[9] The 1865 constitution required governors to take four years off after serving two terms,[10] but that was quickly changed in the 1868 constitution, which allowed for four-year terms with no limits.[11] The term length was returned to the two-year term and limit of the 1865 constitution in 1877.[12]

The 1945 constitution changed the length of terms to four years, with governors required to take four years off before running again, and it created the office of lieutenant governor, who would exercise the powers of the governor should the office become vacant.[13] This was changed in 1983 so that the lieutenant governor fully becomes governor in that circumstance.[14] Before the creation of the office of lieutenant governor, the president of the senate (or, before 1789, the president of the executive council[15]) would exercise the powers of governor.[16] The 1983 constitution also allows governors to succeed themselves once, before having to wait four years to run again.[14]

Governors of the State of Georgia
No.[a] Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[b][c]
7     Archibald Bulloch
(1730–1777)
[18][19]		 January 22, 1776[20]
–
February 22, 1777
(died in office) 		None —[d] Office did not exist
8   Button Gwinnett
(1735–1777)
[21][22]		 March 4, 1777[20]
–
May 8, 1777
(left office)[e]		 None —[f]
9   John A. Treutlen
(1734–1782)
[23][24]		 May 8, 1777[20]
–
January 10, 1778
(left office)[e]		 None —
10   John Houstoun
(1744–1796)
[25][26]		 January 10, 1778[20]
–
December 29, 1778
(fled from capture)[g]		 None —
— Competing governments December 29, 1778
–
August 6, 1779 		Government in chaos
after fall of Savannah[h]
11   John Wereat
(d. 1799)
[29][30]		 August 6, 1779[20]
–
November 1779
(left office)[e]		 None —
12   George Walton
(d. 1804)
[31][32][33]		 November 1779[20]
–
January 4, 1780
(left office)[e]		 None —
13   Richard Howly
(1740–1784)
[34]		 January 4, 1780[20]
–
February 5, 1780
(left office)[i]		 None —
—   George Wells
(d. 1780) 		February 5, 1780
–
February 16, 1780
(died in office)[j]		 None —
14   Stephen Heard[k]
(1740–1815)
[37][36]		 February 18, 1780[l]
–
August 18, 1781
(left office)[e]		 None —
15   Nathan Brownson
(1742–1796)
[39][40]		 August 18, 1781[20]
–
January 3, 1782
(term-limited)[m]		 None 1781
16   John Martin
(d. 1786)
[42][43]		 January 3, 1782[20]
–
January 8, 1783
(term-limited)[m]		 None 1782
17   Lyman Hall
(1724–1790)
[44][45]		 January 8, 1783[20]
–
January 9, 1784
(term-limited)[m]		 None 1783
10   John Houstoun
(1744–1796)
[25][26]		 January 9, 1784[20]
–
January 6, 1785
(term-limited)[m]		 None 1784
18   Samuel Elbert
(1740–1788)
[46][47]		 January 6, 1785[20]
–
January 9, 1786
(term-limited)[m]		 None 1785
19   Edward Telfair
(1735–1807)
[48][49][50]		 January 9, 1786[20]
–
January 9, 1787
(term-limited)[m]		 None 1786
20   George Mathews
(1739–1812)
[51][52][53]		 January 9, 1787[20]
–
January 26, 1788
(term-limited)[m]		 None 1787
21   George Handley
(1752–1793)
[54][55]		 January 26, 1788[20]
–
January 7, 1789
(term-limited)[m]		 None 1788[n]
12   George Walton
(d. 1804)
[31][32][33]		 January 7, 1789[20]
–
November 9, 1789
(did not run)[o]		 Democratic-
Republican[31]		 Jan. 1789
19   Edward Telfair
(1735–1807)
[48][49][50]		 November 9, 1789[20]
–
November 7, 1793
(lost election) 		Democratic-
Republican[48]		 Nov. 1789[p]
1791
20   George Mathews
(1739–1812)
[51][52][53]		 November 7, 1793[20]
–
January 15, 1796
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican[51]		 1793
22   Jared Irwin
(1750–1818)
[58][59][60]		 January 15, 1796[20]
–
January 12, 1798
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican[61]		 1795
23   James Jackson
(1757–1806)
[56][62][63]		 January 12, 1798[20]
–
March 3, 1801
(resigned)[q]		 Democratic-
Republican[61]		 1797
1799
24   David Emanuel
(1744–1808)
[64][65][66]		 March 3, 1801[20]
–
November 7, 1801
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican[61]		 Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
25   Josiah Tattnall
(d. 1803)
[67][68][69]		 November 7, 1801[20]
–
November 4, 1802
(resigned)[r]		 Democratic-
Republican[61]		 1801
26   John Milledge
(1757–1818)
[70][71][72]		 November 4, 1802[20]
–
September 23, 1806
(resigned)[s]		 Democratic-
Republican[61]		 1802
(special)[t]
1803
1805
22   Jared Irwin
(1750–1818)
[58][59][60]		 September 23, 1806[20]
–
November 10, 1809
(lost election) 		Democratic-
Republican[61]		 Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
1807
27   David Brydie Mitchell
(1766–1837)
[74][75][76]		 November 10, 1809[20]
–
November 5, 1813
(did not run)[74]		 Democratic-
Republican[61]		 1809
1811
28   Peter Early
(1773–1817)
[77][78][79]		 November 5, 1813[20]
–
November 10, 1815
(lost election) 		Democratic-
Republican[61]		 1813
27   David Brydie Mitchell
(1766–1837)
[74][75][76]		 November 10, 1815[20]
–
March 4, 1817
(resigned)[u]		 Democratic-
Republican[61]		 1815
29   William Rabun
(1771–1819)
[80][81][82]		 March 4, 1817[20]
–
October 24, 1819
(died in office) 		Democratic-
Republican[61]		 Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
1817
30   Matthew Talbot
(1767–1827)
[83]		 October 24, 1819[20]
–
November 5, 1819
(successor took office) 		Democratic-
Republican[61]		 Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
31   John Clark
(1766–1832)
[84][85][86]		 November 5, 1819[20]
–
November 7, 1823
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican[61]		 1819
1821
32   George Troup
(1780–1856)
[87][88][89]		 November 7, 1823[20]
–
November 7, 1827
(did not run) 		Troup Democratic-
Republican[90]		 1823
1825
33   John Forsyth
(1780–1841)
[91][92][93]		 November 7, 1827[20]
–
November 4, 1829
(did not run)[v]		 Troup Democratic-
Republican[90]		 1827
34   George Rockingham Gilmer
(1790–1859)
[94][95][96]		 November 4, 1829[20]
–
November 9, 1831
(lost election) 		Troup Democratic-
Republican[97]		 1829
35   Wilson Lumpkin
(1783–1870)
[98][99][100]		 November 9, 1831[20]
–
November 4, 1835
(did not run) 		Union
(Democratic)[101]		 1831
1833
36   William Schley
(1786–1858)
[102][103][104]		 November 4, 1835[20]
–
November 8, 1837
(lost election) 		Union
(Democratic)[105]		 1835
34   George Rockingham Gilmer
(1790–1859)
[94][95][96]		 November 8, 1837[20]
–
November 6, 1839
(did not run) 		State Rights
(Whig)[105]		 1837
37   Charles James McDonald
(1793–1860)
[106][107][108]		 November 6, 1839[20]
–
November 8, 1843
(did not run) 		Union
(Democratic)[109]		 1839
1841
38   George W. Crawford
(1798–1872)
[110][111][112]		 November 8, 1843[20]
–
November 3, 1847
(did not run)[112]		 Whig[113] 1843
1845
39   George W. Towns
(1801–1854)
[114][115][116]		 November 3, 1847[20]
–
November 5, 1851
(did not run) 		Democratic[117] 1847
1849
40   Howell Cobb
(1815–1868)
[118][119][120]		 November 5, 1851[20]
–
November 9, 1853
(did not run) 		Constitutional
Union (Democratic)[w]		 1851
41   Herschel Vespasian Johnson
(1812–1880)
[122][123][124]		 November 9, 1853[20]
–
November 6, 1857
(did not run) 		Democratic[125] 1853
1855
42   Joseph E. Brown
(1821–1894)
[126][127][128]		 November 6, 1857[20]
–
June 17, 1865
(resigned)[x]		 Democratic[130] 1857
1859
1861
1863
43   James Johnson
(1811–1891)
[131][132][133]		 June 17, 1865[20]
–
December 19, 1865
(provisional term ended)[y]		 Provisional governor
appointed by President[z]
44   Charles J. Jenkins
(1805–1883)
[134][135][136]		 December 14, 1865[20]
–
January 13, 1868
(removed from office)[aa]		 Democratic[90] 1865
45   Thomas H. Ruger
(1833–1907)
[137][138][139]		 January 13, 1868[20]
–
July 4, 1868
(state readmitted) 		Military occupation[ab]
46   Rufus Bullock
(1834–1907)
[140][141][142]		 July 4, 1868[ac]
–
October 30, 1871
(resigned)[ad]		 Republican[129] 1868[ae]
47   Benjamin F. Conley
(1815–1886)
[145][146]		 October 30, 1871[20]
–
January 12, 1872
(successor took office) 		Republican[147] President of
the Senate
acting
48   James Milton Smith
(1823–1890)
[148][149][150]		 January 12, 1872[20]
–
January 12, 1877
(did not run) 		Democratic[147] 1871
(special)[af]
1872
49   Alfred H. Colquitt
(1824–1894)
[151][152][153]		 January 12, 1877[154]
–
November 4, 1882
(did not run) 		Democratic[147] 1876
1880[ag]
50   Alexander H. Stephens
(1812–1883)
[156][157][158]		 November 4, 1882[159]
–
March 4, 1883
(died in office) 		Democratic[147] 1882
51   James S. Boynton
(1833–1902)
[160][161]		 March 4, 1883[ah]
–
May 10, 1883
(successor took office) 		Democratic[147] President of
the Senate
acting
52   Henry Dickerson McDaniel
(1836–1926)
[163][164][165]		 May 10, 1883[166]
–
November 9, 1886
(did not run)[ai]		 Democratic[147] 1883
(special)[aj]
1884
53   John B. Gordon
(1832–1904)
[167][168][169]		 November 9, 1886[170]
–
November 8, 1890
(term-limited)[ak]		 Democratic[147] 1886
1888
54   William J. Northen
(1835–1913)
[172][173][174]		 November 8, 1890[175]
–
October 27, 1894
(term-limited)[ak]		 Democratic[147] 1890
1892
55   William Yates Atkinson
(1854–1899)
[176][177][178]		 October 27, 1894[179]
–
October 29, 1898
(term-limited)[ak]		 Democratic[147] 1894
1896
56   Allen D. Candler
(1834–1910)
[180][181][182]		 October 29, 1898[183]
–
October 25, 1902
(term-limited)[ak]		 Democratic[147] 1898
1900
57   Joseph M. Terrell
(1861–1912)
[184][185][186]		 October 25, 1902[187]
–
June 29, 1907
(term-limited)[ak]		 Democratic[147] 1902
1904[al]
58   M. Hoke Smith
(1855–1931)
[188][189][190]		 June 29, 1907[191]
–
June 26, 1909
(lost nomination)[188]		 Democratic[147] 1906
59   Joseph Mackey Brown
(1851–1932)
[192][193][194]		 June 26, 1909[195]
–
July 1, 1911
(lost election)[am]		 Democratic[147] 1908
58   M. Hoke Smith
(1855–1931)
[188][189][190]		 July 1, 1911[196]
–
November 15, 1911
(resigned)[an]		 Democratic[147] 1910
60   John M. Slaton
(1866–1955)
[197][198][199]		 November 15, 1911[ao]
–
January 25, 1912
(successor took office) 		Democratic[147] President of
the Senate
acting
59   Joseph Mackey Brown
(1851–1932)
[192][193][194]		 January 25, 1912[201]
–
June 28, 1913
(did not run) 		Democratic[147] 1912
(special)[ap]
60   John M. Slaton
(1866–1955)
[197][198][199]		 June 28, 1913[202]
–
June 26, 1915
(did not run) 		Democratic[147] 1912
61   Nathaniel Edwin Harris
(1846–1929)
[203][204][205]		 June 26, 1915[206]
–
June 30, 1917
(lost nomination)[203]		 Democratic[147] 1914
62   Hugh Dorsey
(1871–1948)
[207][208][209]		 June 30, 1917[210]
–
June 25, 1921
(term-limited)[ak]		 Democratic[147] 1916
1918
63   Thomas W. Hardwick
(1872–1944)
[211][212][213]		 June 25, 1921[214]
–
June 30, 1923
(lost nomination)[211]		 Democratic[147] 1920
64   Clifford Walker
(1877–1954)
[215][216][217]		 June 30, 1923[218]
–
June 25, 1927
(term-limited)[ak]		 Democratic[147] 1922
1924
65   Lamartine Griffin Hardman
(1856–1937)
[219][220][221]		 June 25, 1927[222]
–
June 27, 1931
(term-limited)[ak]		 Democratic[147] 1926
1928
66   Richard Russell Jr.
(1897–1971)
[223][224][225]		 June 27, 1931[226]
–
January 10, 1933
(did not run)[aq]		 Democratic[147] 1930[ar]
67   Eugene Talmadge
(1884–1946)
[227][228][229]		 January 10, 1933[230]
–
January 12, 1937
(term-limited)[ak]		 Democratic[147] 1932
1934
68   Eurith D. Rivers
(1895–1967)
[231][232][233]		 January 12, 1937[234]
–
January 14, 1941
(term-limited)[ak]		 Democratic[147] 1936
1938
67   Eugene Talmadge
(1884–1946)
[227][228][229]		 January 14, 1941[235]
–
January 12, 1943
(lost nomination)[227]		 Democratic[147] 1940
69   Ellis Arnall
(1907–1992)
[236][237][238]		 January 12, 1943[239]
–
January 14, 1947
(term-limited)[as]		 Democratic[147] 1942[at]
—   Eugene Talmadge
(1884–1946)
[227][228][229]		 Died before
taking office 		Democratic[147] 1946[au]   Melvin E. Thompson
—   Herman Talmadge
(1913–2002)
[242][243][244]		 January 14, 1947[245]
–
March 19, 1947
(removed from office)[au]		 Democratic[147]
70   Melvin E. Thompson
(1903–1980)
[246][247][248]		 March 19, 1947[249]
–
November 17, 1948
(lost nomination)[248]		 Democratic[147] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
71   Herman Talmadge
(1913–2002)
[242][243][244]		 November 17, 1948[250]
–
January 11, 1955
(term-limited)[as]		 Democratic[147] 1948
(special)[au]		 Marvin Griffin
1950
72   Marvin Griffin
(1907–1982)
[251][252][253]		 January 11, 1955[254]
–
January 13, 1959
(term-limited)[as]		 Democratic[147] 1954 Ernest Vandiver
73   Ernest Vandiver
(1918–2005)
[255][256][257]		 January 13, 1959[258]
–
January 15, 1963
(term-limited)[as]		 Democratic[147] 1958 Garland T. Byrd
74   Carl Sanders
(1925–2014)
[259][260][261]		 January 15, 1963[262]
–
January 11, 1967
(term-limited)[as]		 Democratic[147] 1962 Peter Zack Geer
75   Lester Maddox
(1915–2003)
[263][264][265]		 January 11, 1967[266]
–
January 12, 1971
(term-limited)[as]		 Democratic[147] 1966 George T. Smith
76   Jimmy Carter
(b. 1924)
[267][268][269]		 January 12, 1971[270]
–
January 14, 1975
(term-limited)[as]		 Democratic[147] 1970 Lester Maddox
77   George Busbee
(1927–2004)
[271][272][273]		 January 14, 1975[274]
–
January 11, 1983
(term-limited)[av]		 Democratic[147] 1974 Zell Miller
1978
78   Joe Frank Harris
(b. 1936)
[276][277]		 January 11, 1983[278]
–
January 14, 1991
(term-limited)[aw]		 Democratic[277] 1982
1986
79   Zell Miller
(1932–2018)
[280][281]		 January 14, 1991[282]
–
January 11, 1999
(term-limited)[aw]		 Democratic[281] 1990 Pierre Howard
1994
80   Roy Barnes
(b. 1948)
[283][284]		 January 11, 1999[285]
–
January 13, 2003
(lost election) 		Democratic[284] 1998 Mark Taylor[ax]
81   Sonny Perdue
(b. 1946)
[286][287]		 January 13, 2003[288]
–
January 10, 2011
(term-limited)[aw]		 Republican[287] 2002
2006 Casey Cagle
82   Nathan Deal
(b. 1942)
[289][290]		 January 10, 2011[291]
–
January 14, 2019
(term-limited)[aw]		 Republican[290] 2010
2014
83   Brian Kemp
(b. 1963)
[292]		 January 14, 2019[293]
–
Incumbent[ay]		 Republican[292] 2018 Geoff Duncan
2022 Burt Jones

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The state says Brian Kemp is the 83rd governor; this number is derived from the Official and Statistical Register of Georgia, last published by the Office of Secretary of State in 1978. It continues the numbering from the colonial governors and omits repeat governors, thus marking Archibald Bulloch as 7th and George Busbee as 77th.[17]
  2. ^ The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1945, first being filled in 1947.
  3. ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  4. ^ The revolutionary government did not necessarily follow any schedule or term lengths, so the election year is omitted until 1781, when it becomes easier to determine.
  5. ^ a b c d e No sources specify if the governor stood for election to the following term.
  6. ^ As speaker of the provincial Congress, Gwinnett was elected by the Council of Safety to succeed Bulloch.[21]
  7. ^ The date given is the capture of Savannah, where the New Georgia Encyclopedia says his last official act as governor was to flee.[26]
  8. ^ The capture of Savannah threw the government into disarray and exile, and records are scarce as to dates and leadership. William Glascock (elected January 21, 1779)[27] and Seth John Cuthbert (elected July 24, 1779), while often included in lists of governors, are omitted from the official state register. A school pamphlet from 1977 notes, "This confusing situation resulted in a number of radical Whigs, mainly from Wilkes County, organizing a second government with George Walton as governor and Glascock as speaker of the assembly. ... As a result of this makeshift election, there were two Whig governments plus the restored loyalist government."[28]
  9. ^ Howly had also been elected as a delegate to the Continental Congress, and the Council voted on February 5 that he must take that seat.[35]
  10. ^ George Wells succeeded Howly, but was killed in a duel on February 16, 1780; he is omitted from nearly every list of governors, including the official register.[35]
  11. ^ Some sources say Myrick Davies served as governor in August 1780,[36] but he is omitted from the official state register and it is unknown if this was in an acting fashion.
  12. ^ The official register says Heard took office on February 18, 1870;[20] an article from 1967 says Humphrey Wells was elected governor on February 16, but declined two days later.[38] Other sources, including the New Georgia Encyclopedia, say Heard did not take office until May 24.[36][37]
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h Under the 1777 constitution, governors were ineligible for office for more than one year out of three.[41]
  14. ^ James Jackson was elected in 1788, but declined the position, citing inexperience.[56]
  15. ^ Sobel notes that Walton was term-limited under the 1777 constitution;[31] it is unclear if the provisions of that, or the 1789 constitution, would have applied to Walton.
  16. ^ First term under the 1789 constitution, which lengthened terms to two years.[57]
  17. ^ Jackson resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[62]
  18. ^ Tattnall resigned due to declining health.[68]
  19. ^ Milledge resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[71]
  20. ^ Special election for the remainder of Josiah Tattnall's term[73]
  21. ^ Mitchell resigned to be appointed agent to the Creek Indians.[75]
  22. ^ Forsyth was instead elected to the United States Senate.
  23. ^ Not to be confused with Constitutional Union Party of 1860, the Constitutional Union Party of Georgia was a brief merger of the Democratic and Whig state parties.[121]
  24. ^ Brown was arrested by Union forces on May 9, 1865, and resigned after he was released.[129]
  25. ^ Johnson left office on December 19, five days after his successor was sworn in.[131][132][133]
  26. ^ Johnson was appointed provisional governor by the Union occupation.[132]
  27. ^ Jenkins was removed from office by the military because he refused to allow state funds to be used for a racially integrated state constitutional convention; the state was still under military occupation during Reconstruction.[136]
  28. ^ Provisional governor appointed by General George Meade[139]
  29. ^ Bullock was appointed governor on July 4 by General George Meade to replace Ruger, who was being removed;[143] however, Bullock had already won the election, and would be formally inaugurated into the post on July 21.[140][141]
  30. ^ Bullock resigned and fled the state to avoid impeachment; he was arrested in 1876 and found not guilty of embezzlement.[141] Some sources state Bullock resigned on October 23, but that is when he secretly submitted his resignation; it did not take effect until October 30.[144]
  31. ^ First term under the 1868 constitution, which lengthened terms to four years.[11]
  32. ^ Special election for the remainder of Rufus Bullock's term[149]
  33. ^ First term under the 1877 constitution, which shortened terms to two years.[155]
  34. ^ Stephens died on March 4, and Boynton was sworn in on March 5.[162]
  35. ^ McDaniel's first term was shortened, so it is not known if he can be considered term-limited.
  36. ^ Special election for the remainder of Alexander Stephens' term[164]
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Under the 1877 constitution, governors were ineligible for re-election until four years after the expiration of their second term.[171]
  38. ^ The start of a gubernatorial term has always been set by the legislature, rather than the constitution; it appears the start of this term changed from the last Saturday in October to the last Saturday in June, lengthening it by eight months.
  39. ^ Brown lost the Democratic nomination to M. Hoke Smith, and ran as an independent.[194]
  40. ^ Smith resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[189]
  41. ^ Smith resigned on November 15, and Slaton was sworn in on November 16; at least one contemporary news source regarded this as a vacancy rather than an automatic succeesion.[200]
  42. ^ Special election for the remainder of Hoke Smith's term[193]
  43. ^ Russell was instead elected to the United States Senate.
  44. ^ The start of the term changed from the last Saturday in June to the second Tuesday in January, shortening this term by five months.[224]
  45. ^ a b c d e f g Under the 1945 constitution, governors were ineligible for re-election until the expiration of four years from the end of their term.[240]
  46. ^ First term under a 1941 amendment to the constitution which lengthened terms to four years.[20]
  47. ^ a b c Eugene Talmadge was elected to a third term in 1946, but died before taking office. Ellis Arnall, governor at the time, claimed the office, as did Lieutenant Governor Melvin Thompson. The state legislature chose Eugene Talmadge's son, Herman Talmadge, to be governor, but during what came to be called the three governors controversy, the state supreme court declared this unconstitutional and declared Thompson rightful governor, and Talmadge stepped down after 67 days. Talmadge later defeated Thompson in a special election.[241]
  48. ^ Under the 1976 constitution, governors were ineligible to succeed themselves, or to hold the office until the expiration of four years from the end of their term.[275]
  49. ^ a b c d Under the 1982 constitution, those governors who have succeeded themselves were ineligible to be elected to the office four years after the end of their term.[279]
  50. ^ Represented the Democratic Party
  51. ^ Kemp's second term began on January 9, 2023, and will expire January 11, 2027; he will be term-limited

References edit

General edit

  • "Former Georgia Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  • "The New Georgia Encyclopedia". Retrieved June 21, 2019.
  • A History of Georgia, second ed. Kenneth Coleman, general editor. University of Georgia Press: 1991.
  • Candler, Allen Daniel (1908). The Revolutionary Records of the State of Georgia Volume 1. Franklin-Turner Company. ISBN 9780404073008. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
  • Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. I. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466015. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  • Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0.
  • Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8.
  • Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
  • Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
  • "Our Campaigns - Governor of Georgia - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  • "Our Campaigns - Governor of Georgia (CSA) - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.

Constitutions edit

Specific edit

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  5. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Georgia (United States)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 751–758, see page 757.
  6. ^ 16 Stat. 363
  7. ^ 1776 Const. art. I
  8. ^ 1777 Const. art. XXIII
  9. ^ 1789 Const. art. II, § 1
  10. ^ 1865 Const. art III, § 1
  11. ^ a b 1868 Const. art. IV, § 1
  12. ^ 1877 Const. art V, § 1
  13. ^ 1945 Const. art. V, § 1
  14. ^ a b GA Const. art. V, § 1
  15. ^ 1777 Const. art. XXIX
  16. ^ 1789 Const. art. II, § 4
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  272. ^ "George Dekle Busbee". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  273. ^ Cook, James F. (July 13, 2018). "George Busbee". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  274. ^ Granum, Rex (January 15, 1975). "Busbee Inaugurated, Issues Unity Call". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 1A. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
  275. ^ "1976 Ga. Const. art. V, § 1".
  276. ^ "Joe Frank Harris". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  277. ^ a b Buchanan, Scott E. (July 23, 2018). "Joe Frank Harris". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  278. ^ Palmer, Prentice (January 12, 1983). "Harris Vows To Run Tight Ship". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 1A. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
  279. ^ "Ga. Const. art. V, § 1".
  280. ^ "Zell Miller". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  281. ^ a b Grant, Chris (June 4, 2018). "Zell Miller". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  282. ^ Cummings, Jeanne (January 15, 1991). "Cannons, Country Music for Miller". The Atlanta Constitution. p. F1. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
  283. ^ "Roy E. Barnes". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  284. ^ a b Brooks, F. Erik (May 14, 2013). "Roy Barnes". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  285. ^ Pruitt, Kathey (January 12, 1999). "Barnes Bows To Target Sprawl, Education, Health Care, Taxes". The Atlanta Constitution. p. A1. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
  286. ^ "Sonny Perdue". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  287. ^ a b Hulbert, Matthew C. (June 14, 2022). "Sonny Perdue". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  288. ^ Galloway, Jim (January 14, 2003). "'A New Day for Georgia': Republican Governor Takes Control As Parties Split House, Senate". The Atlanta Constitution. p. A1. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
  289. ^ "Nathan Deal". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  290. ^ a b McKee, Sarah E. (January 17, 2019). "Nathan Deal". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  291. ^ Sheinin, Aaron Gould (January 11, 2011). "Deal Vows Era of Frugality". The Atlanta Constitution. p. A1. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
  292. ^ a b "Brian Kemp". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  293. ^ Bluestein, Greg (January 15, 2019). "'I Will Fight for All Georgians': In His Inauguration Speech, Gov. Brian Kemp Pledges To Work With Democrats To Unite the State". The Atlanta Constitution. p. A1. Retrieved August 14, 2023.

External links edit

  • Office of the Governor of Georgia

February 15, 2024
list, governors, georgia, confused, with, state, commissioners, informally, referred, governor, chief, executives, regions, georgia, country, governor, georgia, head, government, georgia, commander, chief, state, military, forces, current, officeholder, republ. Not to be confused with the state commissioners informally referred to as Governor the chief executives of the Regions of Georgia country The governor of Georgia is the head of government of Georgia and the commander in chief of the state s military forces The current officeholder is Republican Brian Kemp who assumed office on January 14 2019 There have officially been 83 governors of the State of Georgia including 11 who served more than one distinct term John Houstoun George Walton Edward Telfair George Mathews Jared Irwin David Brydie Mitchell George Rockingham Gilmer M Hoke Smith Joseph Mackey Brown John M Slaton and Eugene Talmadge with Herman Talmadge serving two de facto distinct terms The longest serving governors are George Busbee Joe Frank Harris Zell Miller Sonny Perdue and Nathan Deal each of whom served two full four year terms Joseph E Brown governor during the Civil War was elected four times serving seven and a half years The shortest term of the post revolutionary period is that of Matthew Talbot who served 13 days after succeeding his predecessor who died in office Eugene Talmadge died in December 1946 before taking office in his second distinct term leading to a dispute in which three people claimed the office Contents 1 Governors 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 4 1 General 4 2 Constitutions 4 3 Specific 5 External linksGovernors editFor the period before independence see List of colonial governors of Georgia Georgia was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on January 2 1788 1 Before it declared its independence Georgia was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain It seceded from the Union on January 19 1861 2 and was a founding member of the Confederate States of America on February 4 1861 3 Following the end of the American Civil War Georgia during Reconstruction was part of the Third Military District which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections Georgia was readmitted to the Union on July 25 1868 4 again expelled from Congress on March 3 1869 5 and again readmitted on July 15 1870 6 The Rules and Regulations of the Colony drafted in 1776 provided for a president to serve a term of 6 months 7 A formal constitution was drafted in 1777 providing for a governor to serve a term of one year but no more than one year out of every three 8 The term was lengthened to two years in 1789 but with no term limit 9 The 1865 constitution required governors to take four years off after serving two terms 10 but that was quickly changed in the 1868 constitution which allowed for four year terms with no limits 11 The term length was returned to the two year term and limit of the 1865 constitution in 1877 12 The 1945 constitution changed the length of terms to four years with governors required to take four years off before running again and it created the office of lieutenant governor who would exercise the powers of the governor should the office become vacant 13 This was changed in 1983 so that the lieutenant governor fully becomes governor in that circumstance 14 Before the creation of the office of lieutenant governor the president of the senate or before 1789 the president of the executive council 15 would exercise the powers of governor 16 The 1983 constitution also allows governors to succeed themselves once before having to wait four years to run again 14 Governors of the State of Georgia No a Governor Term in office Party Election Lt Governor b c 7 nbsp Archibald Bulloch 1730 1777 18 19 January 22 1776 20 February 22 1777 died in office None d Office did not exist8 nbsp Button Gwinnett 1735 1777 21 22 March 4 1777 20 May 8 1777 left office e None f 9 nbsp John A Treutlen 1734 1782 23 24 May 8 1777 20 January 10 1778 left office e None 10 nbsp John Houstoun 1744 1796 25 26 January 10 1778 20 December 29 1778 fled from capture g None Competing governments December 29 1778 August 6 1779 Government in chaosafter fall of Savannah h 11 nbsp John Wereat d 1799 29 30 August 6 1779 20 November 1779 left office e None 12 nbsp George Walton d 1804 31 32 33 November 1779 20 January 4 1780 left office e None 13 nbsp Richard Howly 1740 1784 34 January 4 1780 20 February 5 1780 left office i None nbsp George Wells d 1780 February 5 1780 February 16 1780 died in office j None 14 nbsp Stephen Heard k 1740 1815 37 36 February 18 1780 l August 18 1781 left office e None 15 nbsp Nathan Brownson 1742 1796 39 40 August 18 1781 20 January 3 1782 term limited m None 178116 nbsp John Martin d 1786 42 43 January 3 1782 20 January 8 1783 term limited m None 178217 nbsp Lyman Hall 1724 1790 44 45 January 8 1783 20 January 9 1784 term limited m None 178310 nbsp John Houstoun 1744 1796 25 26 January 9 1784 20 January 6 1785 term limited m None 178418 nbsp Samuel Elbert 1740 1788 46 47 January 6 1785 20 January 9 1786 term limited m None 178519 nbsp Edward Telfair 1735 1807 48 49 50 January 9 1786 20 January 9 1787 term limited m None 178620 nbsp George Mathews 1739 1812 51 52 53 January 9 1787 20 January 26 1788 term limited m None 178721 nbsp George Handley 1752 1793 54 55 January 26 1788 20 January 7 1789 term limited m None 1788 n 12 nbsp George Walton d 1804 31 32 33 January 7 1789 20 November 9 1789 did not run o Democratic Republican 31 Jan 178919 nbsp Edward Telfair 1735 1807 48 49 50 November 9 1789 20 November 7 1793 lost election Democratic Republican 48 Nov 1789 p 179120 nbsp George Mathews 1739 1812 51 52 53 November 7 1793 20 January 15 1796 did not run Democratic Republican 51 179322 nbsp Jared Irwin 1750 1818 58 59 60 January 15 1796 20 January 12 1798 did not run Democratic Republican 61 179523 nbsp James Jackson 1757 1806 56 62 63 January 12 1798 20 March 3 1801 resigned q Democratic Republican 61 1797179924 nbsp David Emanuel 1744 1808 64 65 66 March 3 1801 20 November 7 1801 did not run Democratic Republican 61 Succeeded frompresident ofthe Senate25 nbsp Josiah Tattnall d 1803 67 68 69 November 7 1801 20 November 4 1802 resigned r Democratic Republican 61 180126 nbsp John Milledge 1757 1818 70 71 72 November 4 1802 20 September 23 1806 resigned s Democratic Republican 61 1802 special t 1803180522 nbsp Jared Irwin 1750 1818 58 59 60 September 23 1806 20 November 10 1809 lost election Democratic Republican 61 Succeeded frompresident ofthe Senate180727 nbsp David Brydie Mitchell 1766 1837 74 75 76 November 10 1809 20 November 5 1813 did not run 74 Democratic Republican 61 1809181128 nbsp Peter Early 1773 1817 77 78 79 November 5 1813 20 November 10 1815 lost election Democratic Republican 61 181327 nbsp David Brydie Mitchell 1766 1837 74 75 76 November 10 1815 20 March 4 1817 resigned u Democratic Republican 61 181529 nbsp William Rabun 1771 1819 80 81 82 March 4 1817 20 October 24 1819 died in office Democratic Republican 61 Succeeded frompresident ofthe Senate181730 nbsp Matthew Talbot 1767 1827 83 October 24 1819 20 November 5 1819 successor took office Democratic Republican 61 Succeeded frompresident ofthe Senate31 nbsp John Clark 1766 1832 84 85 86 November 5 1819 20 November 7 1823 did not run Democratic Republican 61 1819182132 nbsp George Troup 1780 1856 87 88 89 November 7 1823 20 November 7 1827 did not run Troup Democratic Republican 90 1823182533 nbsp John Forsyth 1780 1841 91 92 93 November 7 1827 20 November 4 1829 did not run v Troup Democratic Republican 90 182734 nbsp George Rockingham Gilmer 1790 1859 94 95 96 November 4 1829 20 November 9 1831 lost election Troup Democratic Republican 97 182935 nbsp Wilson Lumpkin 1783 1870 98 99 100 November 9 1831 20 November 4 1835 did not run Union Democratic 101 1831183336 nbsp William Schley 1786 1858 102 103 104 November 4 1835 20 November 8 1837 lost election Union Democratic 105 183534 nbsp George Rockingham Gilmer 1790 1859 94 95 96 November 8 1837 20 November 6 1839 did not run State Rights Whig 105 183737 nbsp Charles James McDonald 1793 1860 106 107 108 November 6 1839 20 November 8 1843 did not run Union Democratic 109 1839184138 nbsp George W Crawford 1798 1872 110 111 112 November 8 1843 20 November 3 1847 did not run 112 Whig 113 1843184539 nbsp George W Towns 1801 1854 114 115 116 November 3 1847 20 November 5 1851 did not run Democratic 117 1847184940 nbsp Howell Cobb 1815 1868 118 119 120 November 5 1851 20 November 9 1853 did not run ConstitutionalUnion Democratic w 185141 nbsp Herschel Vespasian Johnson 1812 1880 122 123 124 November 9 1853 20 November 6 1857 did not run Democratic 125 1853185542 nbsp Joseph E Brown 1821 1894 126 127 128 November 6 1857 20 June 17 1865 resigned x Democratic 130 185718591861186343 nbsp James Johnson 1811 1891 131 132 133 June 17 1865 20 December 19 1865 provisional term ended y Provisional governorappointed by President z 44 nbsp Charles J Jenkins 1805 1883 134 135 136 December 14 1865 20 January 13 1868 removed from office aa Democratic 90 186545 nbsp Thomas H Ruger 1833 1907 137 138 139 January 13 1868 20 July 4 1868 state readmitted Military occupation ab 46 nbsp Rufus Bullock 1834 1907 140 141 142 July 4 1868 ac October 30 1871 resigned ad Republican 129 1868 ae 47 nbsp Benjamin F Conley 1815 1886 145 146 October 30 1871 20 January 12 1872 successor took office Republican 147 President ofthe Senateacting48 nbsp James Milton Smith 1823 1890 148 149 150 January 12 1872 20 January 12 1877 did not run Democratic 147 1871 special af 187249 nbsp Alfred H Colquitt 1824 1894 151 152 153 January 12 1877 154 November 4 1882 did not run Democratic 147 18761880 ag 50 nbsp Alexander H Stephens 1812 1883 156 157 158 November 4 1882 159 March 4 1883 died in office Democratic 147 188251 nbsp James S Boynton 1833 1902 160 161 March 4 1883 ah May 10 1883 successor took office Democratic 147 President ofthe Senateacting52 nbsp Henry Dickerson McDaniel 1836 1926 163 164 165 May 10 1883 166 November 9 1886 did not run ai Democratic 147 1883 special aj 188453 nbsp John B Gordon 1832 1904 167 168 169 November 9 1886 170 November 8 1890 term limited ak Democratic 147 1886188854 nbsp William J Northen 1835 1913 172 173 174 November 8 1890 175 October 27 1894 term limited ak Democratic 147 1890189255 nbsp William Yates Atkinson 1854 1899 176 177 178 October 27 1894 179 October 29 1898 term limited ak Democratic 147 1894189656 nbsp Allen D Candler 1834 1910 180 181 182 October 29 1898 183 October 25 1902 term limited ak Democratic 147 1898190057 nbsp Joseph M Terrell 1861 1912 184 185 186 October 25 1902 187 June 29 1907 term limited ak Democratic 147 19021904 al 58 nbsp M Hoke Smith 1855 1931 188 189 190 June 29 1907 191 June 26 1909 lost nomination 188 Democratic 147 190659 nbsp Joseph Mackey Brown 1851 1932 192 193 194 June 26 1909 195 July 1 1911 lost election am Democratic 147 190858 nbsp M Hoke Smith 1855 1931 188 189 190 July 1 1911 196 November 15 1911 resigned an Democratic 147 191060 nbsp John M Slaton 1866 1955 197 198 199 November 15 1911 ao January 25 1912 successor took office Democratic 147 President ofthe Senateacting59 nbsp Joseph Mackey Brown 1851 1932 192 193 194 January 25 1912 201 June 28 1913 did not run Democratic 147 1912 special ap 60 nbsp John M Slaton 1866 1955 197 198 199 June 28 1913 202 June 26 1915 did not run Democratic 147 191261 nbsp Nathaniel Edwin Harris 1846 1929 203 204 205 June 26 1915 206 June 30 1917 lost nomination 203 Democratic 147 191462 nbsp Hugh Dorsey 1871 1948 207 208 209 June 30 1917 210 June 25 1921 term limited ak Democratic 147 1916191863 nbsp Thomas W Hardwick 1872 1944 211 212 213 June 25 1921 214 June 30 1923 lost nomination 211 Democratic 147 192064 nbsp Clifford Walker 1877 1954 215 216 217 June 30 1923 218 June 25 1927 term limited ak Democratic 147 1922192465 nbsp Lamartine Griffin Hardman 1856 1937 219 220 221 June 25 1927 222 June 27 1931 term limited ak Democratic 147 1926192866 nbsp Richard Russell Jr 1897 1971 223 224 225 June 27 1931 226 January 10 1933 did not run aq Democratic 147 1930 ar 67 nbsp Eugene Talmadge 1884 1946 227 228 229 January 10 1933 230 January 12 1937 term limited ak Democratic 147 1932193468 nbsp Eurith D Rivers 1895 1967 231 232 233 January 12 1937 234 January 14 1941 term limited ak Democratic 147 1936193867 nbsp Eugene Talmadge 1884 1946 227 228 229 January 14 1941 235 January 12 1943 lost nomination 227 Democratic 147 194069 nbsp Ellis Arnall 1907 1992 236 237 238 January 12 1943 239 January 14 1947 term limited as Democratic 147 1942 at nbsp Eugene Talmadge 1884 1946 227 228 229 Died beforetaking office Democratic 147 1946 au Melvin E Thompson nbsp Herman Talmadge 1913 2002 242 243 244 January 14 1947 245 March 19 1947 removed from office au Democratic 147 70 nbsp Melvin E Thompson 1903 1980 246 247 248 March 19 1947 249 November 17 1948 lost nomination 248 Democratic 147 Succeeded fromlieutenantgovernor Vacant71 nbsp Herman Talmadge 1913 2002 242 243 244 November 17 1948 250 January 11 1955 term limited as Democratic 147 1948 special au Marvin Griffin195072 nbsp Marvin Griffin 1907 1982 251 252 253 January 11 1955 254 January 13 1959 term limited as Democratic 147 1954 Ernest Vandiver73 nbsp Ernest Vandiver 1918 2005 255 256 257 January 13 1959 258 January 15 1963 term limited as Democratic 147 1958 Garland T Byrd74 nbsp Carl Sanders 1925 2014 259 260 261 January 15 1963 262 January 11 1967 term limited as Democratic 147 1962 Peter Zack Geer75 nbsp Lester Maddox 1915 2003 263 264 265 January 11 1967 266 January 12 1971 term limited as Democratic 147 1966 George T Smith76 nbsp Jimmy Carter b 1924 267 268 269 January 12 1971 270 January 14 1975 term limited as Democratic 147 1970 Lester Maddox77 nbsp George Busbee 1927 2004 271 272 273 January 14 1975 274 January 11 1983 term limited av Democratic 147 1974 Zell Miller197878 nbsp Joe Frank Harris b 1936 276 277 January 11 1983 278 January 14 1991 term limited aw Democratic 277 1982198679 nbsp Zell Miller 1932 2018 280 281 January 14 1991 282 January 11 1999 term limited aw Democratic 281 1990 Pierre Howard199480 nbsp Roy Barnes b 1948 283 284 January 11 1999 285 January 13 2003 lost election Democratic 284 1998 Mark Taylor ax 81 nbsp Sonny Perdue b 1946 286 287 January 13 2003 288 January 10 2011 term limited aw Republican 287 20022006 Casey Cagle82 nbsp Nathan Deal b 1942 289 290 January 10 2011 291 January 14 2019 term limited aw Republican 290 2010201483 nbsp Brian Kemp b 1963 292 January 14 2019 293 Incumbent ay Republican 292 2018 Geoff Duncan2022 Burt JonesSee also editGubernatorial lines of succession in the United States Georgia First ladies of GeorgiaNotes edit The state says Brian Kemp is the 83rd governor this number is derived from the Official and Statistical Register of Georgia last published by the Office of Secretary of State in 1978 It continues the numbering from the colonial governors and omits repeat governors thus marking Archibald Bulloch as 7th and George Busbee as 77th 17 The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1945 first being filled in 1947 Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted The revolutionary government did not necessarily follow any schedule or term lengths so the election year is omitted until 1781 when it becomes easier to determine a b c d e No sources specify if the governor stood for election to the following term As speaker of the provincial Congress Gwinnett was elected by the Council of Safety to succeed Bulloch 21 The date given is the capture of Savannah where the New Georgia Encyclopedia says his last official act as governor was to flee 26 The capture of Savannah threw the government into disarray and exile and records are scarce as to dates and leadership William Glascock elected January 21 1779 27 and Seth John Cuthbert elected July 24 1779 while often included in lists of governors are omitted from the official state register A school pamphlet from 1977 notes This confusing situation resulted in a number of radical Whigs mainly from Wilkes County organizing a second government with George Walton as governor and Glascock as speaker of the assembly As a result of this makeshift election there were two Whig governments plus the restored loyalist government 28 Howly had also been elected as a delegate to the Continental Congress and the Council voted on February 5 that he must take that seat 35 George Wells succeeded Howly but was killed in a duel on February 16 1780 he is omitted from nearly every list of governors including the official register 35 Some sources say Myrick Davies served as governor in August 1780 36 but he is omitted from the official state register and it is unknown if this was in an acting fashion The official register says Heard took office on February 18 1870 20 an article from 1967 says Humphrey Wells was elected governor on February 16 but declined two days later 38 Other sources including the New Georgia Encyclopedia say Heard did not take office until May 24 36 37 a b c d e f g h Under the 1777 constitution governors were ineligible for office for more than one year out of three 41 James Jackson was elected in 1788 but declined the position citing inexperience 56 Sobel notes that Walton was term limited under the 1777 constitution 31 it is unclear if the provisions of that or the 1789 constitution would have applied to Walton First term under the 1789 constitution which lengthened terms to two years 57 Jackson resigned having been elected to the United States Senate 62 Tattnall resigned due to declining health 68 Milledge resigned having been elected to the United States Senate 71 Special election for the remainder of Josiah Tattnall s term 73 Mitchell resigned to be appointed agent to the Creek Indians 75 Forsyth was instead elected to the United States Senate Not to be confused with Constitutional Union Party of 1860 the Constitutional Union Party of Georgia was a brief merger of the Democratic and Whig state parties 121 Brown was arrested by Union forces on May 9 1865 and resigned after he was released 129 Johnson left office on December 19 five days after his successor was sworn in 131 132 133 Johnson was appointed provisional governor by the Union occupation 132 Jenkins was removed from office by the military because he refused to allow state funds to be used for a racially integrated state constitutional convention the state was still under military occupation during Reconstruction 136 Provisional governor appointed by General George Meade 139 Bullock was appointed governor on July 4 by General George Meade to replace Ruger who was being removed 143 however Bullock had already won the election and would be formally inaugurated into the post on July 21 140 141 Bullock resigned and fled the state to avoid impeachment he was arrested in 1876 and found not guilty of embezzlement 141 Some sources state Bullock resigned on October 23 but that is when he secretly submitted his resignation it did not take effect until October 30 144 First term under the 1868 constitution which lengthened terms to four years 11 Special election for the remainder of Rufus Bullock s term 149 First term under the 1877 constitution which shortened terms to two years 155 Stephens died on March 4 and Boynton was sworn in on March 5 162 McDaniel s first term was shortened so it is not known if he can be considered term limited Special election for the remainder of Alexander Stephens term 164 a b c d e f g h i j Under the 1877 constitution governors were ineligible for re election until four years after the expiration of their second term 171 The start of a gubernatorial term has always been set by the legislature rather than the constitution it appears the start of this term changed from the last Saturday in October to the last Saturday in June lengthening it by eight months Brown lost the Democratic nomination to M Hoke Smith and ran as an independent 194 Smith resigned having been elected to the United States Senate 189 Smith resigned on November 15 and Slaton was sworn in on November 16 at least one contemporary news source regarded this as a vacancy rather than an automatic succeesion 200 Special election for the remainder of Hoke Smith s term 193 Russell was instead elected to the United States Senate The start of the term changed from the last Saturday in June to the second Tuesday in January shortening this term by five months 224 a b c d e f g Under the 1945 constitution governors were ineligible for re election until the expiration of four years from the end of their term 240 First term under a 1941 amendment to the constitution which lengthened terms to four years 20 a b c Eugene Talmadge was elected to a third term in 1946 but died before taking office Ellis Arnall governor at the time claimed the office as did Lieutenant Governor Melvin Thompson The state legislature chose Eugene Talmadge s son Herman Talmadge to be governor but during what came to be called the three governors controversy the state supreme court declared this unconstitutional and declared Thompson rightful governor and Talmadge stepped down after 67 days Talmadge later defeated Thompson in a special election 241 Under the 1976 constitution governors were ineligible to succeed themselves or to hold the office until the expiration of four years from the end of their term 275 a b c d Under the 1982 constitution those governors who have succeeded themselves were ineligible to be elected to the office four years after the end of their term 279 Represented the Democratic Party Kemp s second term began on January 9 2023 and will expire January 11 2027 he will be term limitedReferences editGeneral edit Former Georgia Governors National Governors Association Retrieved July 10 2019 The New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved June 21 2019 A History of Georgia second ed Kenneth Coleman general editor University of Georgia Press 1991 Candler Allen Daniel 1908 The Revolutionary Records of the State of Georgia Volume 1 Franklin Turner Company ISBN 9780404073008 Retrieved August 28 2016 Sobel Robert 1978 Biographical directory of the governors of the United States 1789 1978 Vol I Meckler Books ISBN 9780930466015 Retrieved July 10 2019 Dubin Michael J 2003 United States Gubernatorial Elections 1776 1860 The Official Results by State and County McFarland ISBN 978 0 7864 1439 0 Dubin Michael J 2014 United States Gubernatorial Elections 1861 1911 The Official Results by State and County McFarland ISBN 978 0 7864 5646 8 Kallenbach Joseph Ernest 1977 American State Governors 1776 1976 Oceana Publications ISBN 978 0 379 00665 0 Retrieved September 23 2023 Glashan Roy R 1979 American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections 1775 1978 Meckler Books ISBN 978 0 930466 17 6 Our Campaigns Governor of Georgia History www ourcampaigns com Retrieved July 25 2023 Our Campaigns Governor of Georgia CSA History www ourcampaigns com Retrieved July 25 2023 Constitutions edit Constitution of the State of Georgia as amended PDF Secretary of State of Georgia 1983 Retrieved June 20 2019 Constitution of the State of Georgia as ratified University of Georgia 1983 Archived from the original on November 28 2012 Retrieved November 28 2012 Constitution of the State of Georgia University of Georgia 1976 Archived from the original on November 7 2012 Retrieved November 28 2012 Constitution of the State of Georgia University of Georgia 1945 Archived from the original on June 13 2012 Retrieved November 28 2012 Constitution of the State of Georgia University of Georgia 1877 Archived from the original on June 13 2012 Retrieved November 28 2012 Constitution of the State of Georgia University of Georgia 1868 Archived from the original on March 28 2012 Retrieved November 28 2012 Constitution of the State of Georgia University of Georgia 1865 Archived from the original on March 28 2012 Retrieved November 28 2012 Constitution of the State of Georgia University of Georgia 1861 Archived from the original on January 26 2013 Retrieved November 28 2012 Constitution of the State of Georgia University of Georgia 1798 Archived from the original on March 28 2012 Retrieved November 28 2012 Constitution of the State of Georgia University of Georgia 1789 Archived from the original on March 28 2012 Retrieved November 28 2012 Constitution of the State of Georgia University of Georgia 1777 Archived from the original on November 14 2012 Retrieved November 28 2012 Rules and Regulations of the Colony of Georgia University of Georgia 1776 Archived from the original on August 15 2013 Retrieved November 28 2012 Specific edit Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Georgia January 2 1788 The Avalon Project at Yale Law School Archived from the original on December 20 2015 Retrieved October 31 2015 Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States University of Houston Archived from the original on September 5 2015 Retrieved May 24 2015 Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America Archived August 20 2016 at the Wayback Machine accessed July 8 2015 Meyers Christopher C 2008 The Empire State of the South Mercer University Press ISBN 978 0 88146 111 4 Archived from the original on May 21 2016 Retrieved May 19 2015 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Georgia United States Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 11 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 751 758 see page 757 16 Stat 363 1776 Const art I 1777 Const art XXIII 1789 Const art II 1 1865 Const art III 1 a b 1868 Const art IV 1 1877 Const art V 1 1945 Const art V 1 a b GA Const art V 1 1777 Const art XXIX 1789 Const art II 4 Georgia Official and Statistical Register 1977 78 Georgia Department of Archives and History 1978 pp 1145 1149 Retrieved February 20 2023 Archibald Bulloch National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Schmidt Jim January 23 2019 Archibald Bulloch New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw Georgia Official and Statistical Register 1989 90 Georgia Department of Archives and History 1990 pp 199 207 Retrieved February 20 2023 a b Button Gwinnett National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Deaton Stan August 1 2019 Button Gwinnett New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 John Adam Treutlen National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Schmidt Jim February 21 2018 John Adam Treutlen New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 a b John Houstoun National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 a b c Schmidt Jim December 10 2019 John Houstoun New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Autobiography of a Colony The First Half Century of Augusta Georgia University of Georgia Press 2009 p 127 ISBN 9780820334424 Retrieved January 15 2019 Political Changes in Georgia 1775 1787 PDF Georgia Department of Education Retrieved January 15 2019 John Wereat National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Lamplugh George R September 15 2014 John Wereat New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 a b c d Sobel 1978 pp 279 280 a b George Walton National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 a b Deaton Stan February 21 2018 George Walton New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Richard Howly National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 a b Cashin Edward J 1974 The Famous Colonel Wells Factionalism in Revolutionary Georgia The Georgia Historical Quarterly 58 Supplement 151 JSTOR 40579633 a b c Ouzts Clay October 28 2016 Stephen Heard New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 a b Stephen Heard National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Woodall W C January 16 1967 In Sixty Days Four Governors The Columbus Ledger p 13 Retrieved September 26 2023 Nathan Brownson National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Schmidt Jim September 16 2014 Nathan Brownson New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 1777 Ga Const art XXIII www stateconstitutions umd edu John Martin National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Schmidt Jim September 15 2014 John Martin New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Lyman Hall National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Deaton Stan February 21 2018 Lyman Hall New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Samuel Elbert National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Diamond Beryl I September 17 2014 Samuel Elbert New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 a b c Sobel 1978 p 280 a b Edward Telfair National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 a b Johnson Charles J May 16 2015 Edward Telfair New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 a b c Sobel 1978 p 281 a b George Mathews National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 a b Ebel Carol September 11 2014 George Mathews New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 George Handley National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Hulett Keith September 9 2014 George Handley New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 a b Sobel 1978 pp 282 283 1789 Const art 2 1 a b Sobel 1978 pp 281 282 a b Jared Irwin National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 a b Rohrer Katherine E September 15 2014 Jared Irwin New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 a b c d e f g h i j k l Dubin 2003 p 30 a b James Jackson National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Lamplugh George R September 15 2014 James Jackson New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Sobel 1978 p 283 David Emanuel National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Brown Russell K September 2 2016 David Emanuel New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Sobel 1978 pp 283 284 a b Josiah Tattnall National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Brown Russell K September 15 2014 Josiah Tattnall New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Sobel 1978 pp 284 285 a b John Milledge National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Myers Barton September 15 2014 John Milledge New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Georgia 1802 Governor Special Tufts University Retrieved August 28 2016 a b c Sobel 1978 p 285 a b c David Brydie Mitchell National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 a b Rohrer Katherine E February 16 2018 David B Mitchell New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Sobel 1978 p 286 Peter Early National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Hulett Keith May 14 2013 Peter Early New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Sobel 1978 pp 286 287 William Rabun National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Luckett Robert E May 14 2013 William Rabun New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Matthew Talbot National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Sobel 1978 p 287 John Clark National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Floyd Christopher J September 15 2014 John Clark New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Sobel 1978 p 288 George Michael Troup National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Saba Natalie D September 11 2014 George Troup New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 a b c Glashan 1979 p 66 Sobel 1978 pp 288 289 John Forsyth National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Luckett Robert E September 15 2014 John Forsyth New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 a b Sobel 1978 pp 289 290 a b George Rockingham Gilmer National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 a b Rohrer Katherine E May 13 2013 George R Gilmer New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Dubin 2003 p 32 Sobel 1978 pp 290 291 Wilson Lumpkin National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Tate Benjamin B September 25 2014 Wilson Lumpkin New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Dubin 2003 pp 32 33 Sobel 1978 pp 291 292 William Schley National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Brown Russell K August 6 2013 William Schley New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 a b Dubin 2003 p 34 Sobel 1978 pp 292 293 Charles James McDonald National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Luckett Robert E September 5 2014 Charles McDonald New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Dubin 2003 pp 35 36 Sobel 1978 pp 293 294 George Walker Crawford National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 a b Summerlin Donnie December 9 2013 George W Crawford New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Dubin 2003 p 37 Sobel 1978 pp 294 295 George Washington Towns National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Hulett Keith August 20 2013 George W Towns New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Dubin 2003 pp 47 48 Sobel 1978 pp 295 296 Howell Cobb National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Reid R L September 20 2018 Howell Cobb New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Murray Paul 1945 Party Organization in Georgia Politics 1825 1853 The Georgia Historical Quarterly 29 4 206 207 JSTOR 40576991 via JSTOR Sobel 1978 pp 296 297 Herschel Vespasian Johnson National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Morgan Chad June 8 2017 Herschel Johnson New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 Dubin 2003 pp 40 41 Sobel 1978 pp 297 298 Joseph Emerson Brown National Governors Association Retrieved February 20 2023 Boney F N September 30 2020 Joseph E Brown New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 20 2023 a b Kallenbach 1977 p 138 Dubin 2003 pp 43 44 a b Sobel 1978 pp 298 299 a b c James Johnson National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 a b Davis Matthew November 12 2019 James Johnson New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Sobel 1978 pp 299 300 Charles Jones Jenkins National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 a b Brown Russell K July 15 2020 Charles Jones Jenkins New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Sobel 1978 p 300 Thomas Howard Ruger National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 a b Davis Matthew June 8 2017 Thomas Ruger New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 a b Sobel 1978 p 301 a b c Rufus Brown Bullock National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Duncan Russell June 8 2017 Rufus Bullock New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Georgia Removals and Appointments The Portland Daily Press July 4 1868 p 3 Retrieved February 21 2023 Gov Bullock Resigns Leavenworth Daily Commercial October 31 1871 p 1 Retrieved February 21 2023 Sobel 1978 p 302 Benjamin F Conley National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Kallenbach 1977 p 139 Sobel 1978 pp 302 303 a b James Milton Smith National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Hulett Keith September 29 2020 James M Smith New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Sobel 1978 pp 303 304 Alfred Holt Colquitt National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Myers Barton April 14 2016 Alfred H Colquitt New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Georgia General Assembly Journal of the Senate 1877 sess 45 accessed August 11 2023 1877 Const art 5 1 par 2 Sobel 1978 pp 304 305 Alexander Hamilton Stephens National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Morgan Chad June 6 2017 Alexander Stephens New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Georgia General Assembly Journal of the Senate 1882 sess 48 accessed August 11 2023 Sobel 1978 p 305 James Boynton National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Gov Boynton Ledger Enquirer March 6 1883 p 1 Retrieved August 12 2023 Sobel 1978 pp 305 306 a b Henry Dickerson McDaniel National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Luckett Robert E July 23 2018 Henry McDaniel New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Georgia General Assembly Journal of the House of Representatives 1883 sess 20 accessed August 12 2023 Sobel 1978 pp 306 307 John Brown Gordon National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Groce W Todd June 8 2017 John B Gordon New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Georgia General Assembly Journal of the House of Representatives 1886 sess 101 accessed August 12 2023 1877 Ga Const art V 1 PDF Sobel 1978 pp 307 308 William Jonathan Northen National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Cater Casey P March 11 2020 William J Northen New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Georgia General Assembly Journal of the House of Representatives 1890 sess 95 accessed August 12 2023 Sobel 1978 p 308 William Yates Atkinson National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Hulett Keith September 25 2014 William Y Atkinson New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Georgia General Assembly Journal of the House of Representatives 1894 sess 68 accessed August 12 2023 Sobel 1978 pp 308 309 Allen D Candler National Governors Association 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Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Georgia General Assembly Journal of the House of Representatives 1909 sess 218 accessed August 13 2023 Georgia General Assembly Journal of the House of Representatives 1911 sess 203 accessed August 13 2023 a b Sobel 1978 p 312 a b John Marshall Slaton National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 a b Galloway Tammy H September 15 2014 John M Slaton New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Slaton Becomes Governor Today The Atlanta Constitution November 16 1911 p 1 Retrieved August 14 2023 Brown Inducted As Governor by Simple Service The Atlanta Constitution January 26 1912 p 1 Retrieved August 14 2023 Georgia General Assembly Journal of the House of Representatives 1913 sess 150 accessed August 14 2023 a b Sobel 1978 p 313 Nathaniel Edwin Harris National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Myers Barton May 14 2013 Nathaniel E Harris New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Georgia General 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Rivers National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Patton Randall L April 5 2021 E D Rivers New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Georgia General Assembly Journal of the House of Representatives 1937 sess 509 accessed August 14 2023 Georgia Georgia General Assembly Journal of the House of Representatives 1941 special sess 32 accessed August 14 2023 Sobel 1978 pp 319 320 Ellis Gibbs Arnall National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Henderson Harold Paulk August 19 2020 Ellis Arnall New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Georgia General Assembly Journal of the House of Representatives 1943 special sess 34 accessed August 14 2023 1945 Ga Const art V 1 Buchanan Scott E October 5 2021 Three Governors Controversy New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 a b Sobel 1978 pp 320 321 a b Herman Eugene Talmadge National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 a b Buchanan Scott E August 14 2020 Herman Talmadge New Georgia 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April 5 2021 Ernest Vandiver Jr New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Georgia General Assembly Journal of the House of Representatives 1959 sess 31 accessed August 14 2023 Sobel 1978 pp 323 324 Carl Edward Sanders National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Cook James F March 27 2021 Carl Sanders New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Georgia General Assembly Journal of the House of Representatives 1963 sess 88 accessed August 14 2023 Sobel 1978 pp 324 325 Lester Garfield Maddox National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Nystrom Justin August 11 2020 Lester Maddox New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Riner Duane January 12 1967 Progressive Aims Cheer Leaders The Atlanta Constitution p 1 Retrieved August 14 2023 Sobel 1978 pp 325 326 Jimmy Earl Carter National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Fink Gary M November 3 2020 Jimmy Carter New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Shipp Bill January 13 1971 Carter Is Sworn In Says Bias Must End The Atlanta Constitution p 1A Retrieved August 14 2023 Sobel 1978 pp 326 327 George Dekle Busbee National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Cook James F July 13 2018 George Busbee New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Granum Rex January 15 1975 Busbee Inaugurated Issues Unity Call The Atlanta Constitution p 1A Retrieved August 14 2023 1976 Ga Const art V 1 Joe Frank Harris National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 a b Buchanan Scott E July 23 2018 Joe Frank Harris New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Palmer Prentice January 12 1983 Harris Vows To Run Tight Ship The Atlanta Constitution p 1A Retrieved August 14 2023 Ga Const art V 1 Zell Miller National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 a b Grant Chris June 4 2018 Zell Miller New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Cummings Jeanne January 15 1991 Cannons Country Music for Miller The Atlanta Constitution p F1 Retrieved August 14 2023 Roy E Barnes National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 a b Brooks F Erik May 14 2013 Roy Barnes New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Pruitt Kathey January 12 1999 Barnes Bows To Target Sprawl Education Health Care Taxes The Atlanta Constitution p A1 Retrieved August 14 2023 Sonny Perdue National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 a b Hulbert Matthew C June 14 2022 Sonny Perdue New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Galloway Jim January 14 2003 A New Day for Georgia Republican Governor Takes Control As Parties Split House Senate The Atlanta Constitution p A1 Retrieved August 14 2023 Nathan Deal National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 a b McKee Sarah E January 17 2019 Nathan Deal New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 21 2023 Sheinin Aaron Gould January 11 2011 Deal Vows Era of Frugality The Atlanta Constitution p A1 Retrieved August 14 2023 a b Brian Kemp National Governors Association Retrieved February 21 2023 Bluestein Greg January 15 2019 I Will Fight for All Georgians In His Inauguration Speech Gov Brian Kemp Pledges To Work With Democrats To Unite the State The Atlanta Constitution p A1 Retrieved August 14 2023 External links editOffice of the Governor of Georgia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of governors of Georgia amp oldid 1193246875, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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