Muhaqqaq is one of the main six types of calligraphic script in Arabic.[1] The Arabic word muḥaqqaq (محقَّق) means "consummate" or "clear", and originally was used to denote any accomplished piece of calligraphy.[2]
Often used to copy maṣāḥif (singular muṣḥaf, i.e. loose sheets of Quran texts), this intricate type of script was considered one of the most beautiful, as well as one of the most difficult to execute well.[3] The script saw its greatest use in the Mameluk era (1250–1516/1517).[4] In the Ottoman Empire, it was gradually displaced by Thuluth and Naskh; from the 18th century onward, its use was largely restricted to the Basmala in Hilyas.[5]
The earliest reference to muḥaqqaq writing is found in the Kitab al-Fihrist by Ibn al-Nadim, and the term was probably in use since the beginning of the Abbasid era to denote a specific writing style.[6] Master calligraphers like Ibn Muqla and Ibn al-Bawwab contributed to the development of this and other scripts, and defined its rules and standards within Islamic calligraphy.[7]
^John F. A. Sawyer, J. M. Y. Simpson, R. E. Asher (eds.), Concise Encyclopedia of Language and Religion, Elsevier, New York 2001, ISBN0-08-043167-4, p. 253.
muhaqqaq, main, types, calligraphic, script, arabic, arabic, word, muḥaqqaq, محق, means, consummate, clear, originally, used, denote, accomplished, piece, calligraphy, often, used, copy, maṣāḥif, singular, muṣḥaf, loose, sheets, quran, texts, this, intricate, . Muhaqqaq is one of the main six types of calligraphic script in Arabic 1 The Arabic word muḥaqqaq محق ق means consummate or clear and originally was used to denote any accomplished piece of calligraphy 2 Often used to copy maṣaḥif singular muṣḥaf i e loose sheets of Quran texts this intricate type of script was considered one of the most beautiful as well as one of the most difficult to execute well 3 The script saw its greatest use in the Mameluk era 1250 1516 1517 4 In the Ottoman Empire it was gradually displaced by Thuluth and Naskh from the 18th century onward its use was largely restricted to the Basmala in Hilyas 5 Contents 1 History 2 Gallery 3 See also 4 Notes 5 ReferencesHistory EditThe earliest reference to muḥaqqaq writing is found in the Kitab al Fihrist by Ibn al Nadim and the term was probably in use since the beginning of the Abbasid era to denote a specific writing style 6 Master calligraphers like Ibn Muqla and Ibn al Bawwab contributed to the development of this and other scripts and defined its rules and standards within Islamic calligraphy 7 Gallery Edit Double page from the Qur an in muhaqqaq dedicated to Abu l Qasim Harun ibn Ali ibn Zafar the vizier of Ozbeg r 1210 1225 the last atabak of Azerbaijan Khalili Collection of Islamic Art Double page from the Qur an in muhaqqaq copied by Yaqut al Musta simi Baghdad 1282 1283 Khalili Collection of Islamic Art Double page from the Qur an in muhaqqaq copied by Ahmad al Suhrawardi Baghdad 1307 1308 Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum Opening pages from the Qur an in muhaqqaq copied by Ali ibn Muhammad al Mukattib al Ashrafi Cairo 1372 Egyptian National Library Page from the Qur an in muhaqqaq copied for Timur by Umar Aqta Samarkand c 1400 Museum of Islamic Art Doha Album Leaf from a Muraqqa by Hafiz Osman with basmala in muhaqqaq upper panel Istanbul 1693 1694 Museum of Islamic Art BerlinSee also EditArabic calligraphy Islamic calligraphyNotes Edit John F A Sawyer J M Y Simpson R E Asher eds Concise Encyclopedia of Language and Religion Elsevier New York 2001 ISBN 0 08 043167 4 p 253 Mansour 139 140 Mansour 30 Mansour 278 Mansour 187 Mansour 91 Mansour 20 References EditNassar Mansour author Mark Allen ed Sacred Script Muhaqqaq in Islamic Calligraphy I B Tauris amp Co Ltd New York 2011 ISBN 978 1 84885 439 0 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Muhaqqaq style This article related to the Arabic script is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Muhaqqaq amp oldid 1123055716, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
