Naskh[a] is a smaller, round script of Islamic calligraphy. Naskh is one of the first scripts of Islamic calligraphy to develop, commonly used in writing administrative documents and for transcribing books, including the Qur’an, because of its easy legibility.[1]
Naskh style of writing can be found as early as within the first century of the Islamic calendar.[3]
Round scripts became the most popular in the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries, due to their use by scribes.[1]
Ibn Muqla is credited with standardizing the "Six Pens" of Islamic calligraphy, also including thuluth, tawqi’, riqaaʿ, muhaqqaq, and rayhani.[1] These are known as "the proportioned scripts" (al-khatt al-mansub) or "the six scripts" (al-aqlam al-sitta).[4]
Kufic is commonly believed to predate naskh, but historians have traced the two scripts as coexisting long before their codification by ibn Muqla, as the two served different purposes.[5] Kufi was used primarily in decoration, while Naskh served for everyday scribal use.[6]
Descriptionedit
The alif is written as a straight stroke, bending to the lower left.[1] Naskh differentiates various sounds through the use of diacritical points, in the form of 1–3 dots above or below the letter, which makes the script more easily legible.[5] Naskh uses a horizontal base line; in situations where one character starts within the tail of the preceding letter, the base line is broken and raised.[7] In sixteenth-century Constantinople, Şeyh Hamdullah (1429–1520) redesigned the structure of naskh, along with the other "Six Pens", in order to make the script appear more precise and less heavy.[8]
Useedit
The script is what is normally used electronically and as the default typeface. Examples on typefaces in naskh on Windows (W), iOS (M), Linux (L), and Google Fonts (G):
Naskh was historically used heavily in the transcription of books and in administrative courtly documents.[6]
Naskh allowed for the development of decorative elements into more supple, rounded designs, away from the common use of squared kufic in decoration. Naskh's use in architecture first began in the tenth century and had been adopted in many Muslim countries by the eleventh century.[6]
Mixed use with Ruqʿah styleedit
KacstOne(L)
Arabic Typesetting(W)
Al Bayan(M)
DecoType Naskh(M)
Baghdad(M)
Geeza Pro(M)
Nadeem(M)
Sakkal Majalla(W)
Traditional Arabic(W)
Amiri(G)
More recently, fonts, such as the Bulaq Press-inspired Amiri typeface or Monotype Imaging's Bustani font, have created user-friendly digital manifestations of naskh for use in graphic design and digital typography, mixed with Ruqʿah.[10][11]
Galleryedit
14th- or 15th-century Quran with body text in naskh
Stonepaste dish from 13th century Iran with a poem in naskh around the rim.
^Roxburgh, David J. (2007). Writing the word of God: calligraphy and the Qur'an. Houston: Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. ISBN9780300142006. OCLC 180190749.
^ abAli, A. K. M. Yaqub (1984). "Muslim Calligraphy: ITS Beginning and Major Styles". Islamic Studies. 23 (4): 373–379. JSTOR 20847281.
^ abcThe splendor of Islamic Abdelkebir. Sijelmassi, Mohamed. New York: Thames and Hudson. 1996. ISBN0500016755. OCLC 34275017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^Ory, Solange (2000-11-30). "Calligraphy". Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān. 1.
^Zakariya, Muhammad (2003-11-30). "Calligraphy". Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 1.
^"Fonts for Apple Platforms". Retrieved 14 February 2022.
^"مشروع الخط الأميري :: Amiri Font Project". www.amirifont.org. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
^Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan M., eds. (2017). By the Pen and what They Write: Writing in Islamic Art and Culture. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN9780300228243. OCLC 971615736.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Naskh (script).
November 28, 2023
naskh, script, naskh, smaller, round, script, islamic, calligraphy, naskh, first, scripts, islamic, calligraphy, develop, commonly, used, writing, administrative, documents, transcribing, books, including, because, easy, legibility, fatihah, surah, written, na. Naskh a is a smaller round script of Islamic calligraphy Naskh is one of the first scripts of Islamic calligraphy to develop commonly used in writing administrative documents and for transcribing books including the Qur an because of its easy legibility 1 Al Fatihah surah written in Naskh scriptIn his 1617 Grammatica Arabica Thomas van Erpe defined naskhi characters as the noblest and true writing style 2 Contents 1 Origin 2 Description 3 Use 3 1 Mixed use with Ruqʿah style 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksOrigin editNaskh style of writing can be found as early as within the first century of the Islamic calendar 3 Round scripts became the most popular in the eleventh twelfth and thirteenth centuries due to their use by scribes 1 Ibn Muqla is credited with standardizing the Six Pens of Islamic calligraphy also including thuluth tawqi riqaaʿ muhaqqaq and rayhani 1 These are known as the proportioned scripts al khatt al mansub or the six scripts al aqlam al sitta 4 Kufic is commonly believed to predate naskh but historians have traced the two scripts as coexisting long before their codification by ibn Muqla as the two served different purposes 5 Kufi was used primarily in decoration while Naskh served for everyday scribal use 6 Description editThe alif is written as a straight stroke bending to the lower left 1 Naskh differentiates various sounds through the use of diacritical points in the form of 1 3 dots above or below the letter which makes the script more easily legible 5 Naskh uses a horizontal base line in situations where one character starts within the tail of the preceding letter the base line is broken and raised 7 In sixteenth century Constantinople Seyh Hamdullah 1429 1520 redesigned the structure of naskh along with the other Six Pens in order to make the script appear more precise and less heavy 8 Use editThe script is what is normally used electronically and as the default typeface Examples on typefaces in naskh on Windows W iOS M Linux L and Google Fonts G Arial W M Arabic Transparent W Times New Roman W M Simplified Arabic W Courier New W M monospace Damascus M Noto Naskh Arabic G SF Arabic M 9 Naskh was historically used heavily in the transcription of books and in administrative courtly documents 6 Naskh allowed for the development of decorative elements into more supple rounded designs away from the common use of squared kufic in decoration Naskh s use in architecture first began in the tenth century and had been adopted in many Muslim countries by the eleventh century 6 Mixed use with Ruqʿah style edit KacstOne L Arabic Typesetting W Al Bayan M DecoType Naskh M Baghdad M Geeza Pro M Nadeem M Sakkal Majalla W Traditional Arabic W Amiri G More recently fonts such as the Bulaq Press inspired Amiri typeface or Monotype Imaging s Bustani font have created user friendly digital manifestations of naskh for use in graphic design and digital typography mixed with Ruqʿah 10 11 Gallery edit nbsp 14th or 15th century Quran with body text in naskh nbsp Stonepaste dish from 13th century Iran with a poem in naskh around the rim See also editRuqʿah the cursive Arabic handwriting Nastaliq Arabic Urdu other Arabic keyboard layouts National Language Authority Taʿliq scriptNotes edit Arabic قلم النسخ romanized qalam an naskh from the verb ن س خ nasakha to copy from the root n s kh ن س خ References edit a b c d Blair Sheila 2006 Islamic calligraphy Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press ISBN 9780748612123 OCLC 56651142 Thomas Milo Arabic Typography in Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics Brill 2013 بىاض Anjuman e Farsi 1977 p 77 Roxburgh David J 2007 Writing the word of God calligraphy and the Qur an Houston Museum of Fine Arts Houston ISBN 9780300142006 OCLC 180190749 a b Ali A K M Yaqub 1984 Muslim Calligraphy ITS Beginning and Major Styles Islamic Studies 23 4 373 379 JSTOR 20847281 a b c The splendor of Islamic Abdelkebir Sijelmassi Mohamed New York Thames and Hudson 1996 ISBN 0500016755 OCLC 34275017 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Ory Solange 2000 11 30 Calligraphy Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾan 1 Zakariya Muhammad 2003 11 30 Calligraphy Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa 1 Fonts for Apple Platforms Retrieved 14 February 2022 مشروع الخط الأميري Amiri Font Project www amirifont org Retrieved 2020 01 29 Blair Sheila Bloom Jonathan M eds 2017 By the Pen and what They Write Writing in Islamic Art and Culture New Haven Yale University Press ISBN 9780300228243 OCLC 971615736 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Naskh script Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Naskh script amp oldid 1186137336, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
