Monotropa hypopitys, the so-called Dutchman's pipe, false beech-drops, pinesap, or yellow bird's-nest, is a herbaceousperennial plant, formerly classified in the families Monotropaceae or Pyrolaceae, but now included within the subfamily Monotropoideae of the family Ericaceae. It is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and is scarce or rare in many areas. However, it is still the most widespread member of the subfamily. While currently included in the genus Monotropa, recent genetic evidence strongly suggests that Monotropa hypopitys should be placed in its own genus, Hypopitys, with the single species Hypopitys monotropa Crantz, but possibly containing several other species.[2]
Plants are fleshy and grow 10–35 cm tall. True stems are nonexistent. Instead, the only part which emerges from the soil are unbranched, adventitious inflorescences developmentally similar to adventitious roots.[3] All parts of the plant are pale yellowish white to reddish-tinged. The bracts are 5–10 mm long scale-like structures, which cover most of the inflorescence. Plants flower from April to December depending on the geographic region (May to October in North America).[4] The flowers are pendulous when young, but become erect when they begin to mature into the fruit which is a capsule. The flowers are 9–12 mm long and produced in a cluster of 1–11 together at the apex of the inflorescence, which is a raceme.[5] It flowers between early summer and mid autumn; plants that flower in summer are yellow and sparsely hairy, while those that flower in autumn are red and densely hairy. These two color "forms" overlap in flowering time. It has been suggested that yellow individuals are largely self-pollinating.[6]
The species name is from LatinizedGreekhypo-, "under", and pitys, "pine", referring to where pinesap often grows.[7] However, Linnaeus misspelled it hypopithys. Many authorities have followed his spelling.[8][9][10] On the other hand, it has been stated that the spelling "is generally treated as correctable to 'hypopitys'",[11] as followed by other authorities.[12] The variability of the species in colour, hairiness, and in the number of flowers, has led to an extensive synonymy for the species. The entire list is over 80 synonyms;[3] some of which include Hypopitys americana, H. fimbriata, H. insignata, H. lanuginosa, H. latisquama, H. monotropa, Monotropa chinensis, M. hypophegea, M. lanuginosa, M. latisquama, M. multiflora and M. taiwaniana.
In California, Monotropa hypopitys may be confused for the much less common Pityopus or Hemitomes which are superficially similar.
Referencesedit
^NatureServe (2024). "Monotropa hypopitys". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
^Bidartondo, M.I.; Bruns, T.D. (2001), Extreme specificity in epiparasitic Monotropoidiae (Ericaceae): widespread phylogenetic and geographical structure, Molecular Ecology
^ abWallace, G.D. (1975), Studies of the Monotropoidiae (Ericaceae): taxonomy and distribution, The Wassman Journal of Biology
^Sullivan, Steven. K. (2015). "Monotropa hypopitys". Wildflower Search. Retrieved 2015-01-17.
^Klinkenberg, Brian, ed. (2014). "Monotropa hypopitys". E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Retrieved 2015-01-17.
^Klooster, Matthew R.; Culley, Theresa M. (2009), Comparative ecology of Monotropa and Monotropsis: two mycoheterotrophic genera in the Monotripoidiae (Ericaceae), The American Journal of Botany
^IPNI Plant Name Details, International Plant Names Index, 2005, retrieved 2009-08-08
^USDA, NRCS (2009), Plants profile for Monotropa hypopithys (pinesap), National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, retrieved 2009-08-08
^ITIS Standard Report Page: Monotropa hypopithys, 2009-06-24, retrieved 2009-08-08
^Iqbal Dar, M., Monotropa hypopithys in Flora of Pakistan, eFloras.org, retrieved 2009-08-08
^Monotropa hypopitys in the Linnaean Typification Project, The Natural History Museum, 2009, retrieved 2009-08-08
^Qin, Haining; Stevens, Peter F.; Wallace, Gary D. (2005), Monotropa hypopitys in Flora of China, eFloras.org, retrieved 2009-08-08
External linksedit
Media related to Monotropa hypopitys at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Monotropa hypopitys at Wikispecies
Monotropa hypopitys
January 01, 1970
monotropa, hypopitys, called, dutchman, pipe, false, beech, drops, pinesap, yellow, bird, nest, herbaceous, perennial, plant, formerly, classified, families, monotropaceae, pyrolaceae, included, within, subfamily, monotropoideae, family, ericaceae, native, tem. Monotropa hypopitys the so called Dutchman s pipe false beech drops pinesap or yellow bird s nest is a herbaceous perennial plant formerly classified in the families Monotropaceae or Pyrolaceae but now included within the subfamily Monotropoideae of the family Ericaceae It is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and is scarce or rare in many areas However it is still the most widespread member of the subfamily While currently included in the genus Monotropa recent genetic evidence strongly suggests that Monotropa hypopitys should be placed in its own genus Hypopitys with the single species Hypopitys monotropa Crantz but possibly containing several other species 2 Monotropa hypopitys Monotropa hypopitys Henry M Jackson Wilderness Washington Conservation status Secure NatureServe 1 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Ericales Family Ericaceae Genus Monotropa Species M hypopitys Binomial name Monotropa hypopitysL The pink to cream flower with four to five petals is borne on a short stalk Monotropa hypopitys with bee Unlike most plants it does not contain chlorophyll it is a myco heterotroph getting its food through parasitism upon fungi rather than photosynthesis These fungi form a mycorrhiza with nearby tree species Plants are fleshy and grow 10 35 cm tall True stems are nonexistent Instead the only part which emerges from the soil are unbranched adventitious inflorescences developmentally similar to adventitious roots 3 All parts of the plant are pale yellowish white to reddish tinged The bracts are 5 10 mm long scale like structures which cover most of the inflorescence Plants flower from April to December depending on the geographic region May to October in North America 4 The flowers are pendulous when young but become erect when they begin to mature into the fruit which is a capsule The flowers are 9 12 mm long and produced in a cluster of 1 11 together at the apex of the inflorescence which is a raceme 5 It flowers between early summer and mid autumn plants that flower in summer are yellow and sparsely hairy while those that flower in autumn are red and densely hairy These two color forms overlap in flowering time It has been suggested that yellow individuals are largely self pollinating 6 The species name is from Latinized Greek hypo under and pitys pine referring to where pinesap often grows 7 However Linnaeus misspelled it hypopithys Many authorities have followed his spelling 8 9 10 On the other hand it has been stated that the spelling is generally treated as correctable to hypopitys 11 as followed by other authorities 12 The variability of the species in colour hairiness and in the number of flowers has led to an extensive synonymy for the species The entire list is over 80 synonyms 3 some of which include Hypopitys americana H fimbriata H insignata H lanuginosa H latisquama H monotropa Monotropa chinensis M hypophegea M lanuginosa M latisquama M multiflora and M taiwaniana In California Monotropa hypopitys may be confused for the much less common Pityopus or Hemitomes which are superficially similar References edit NatureServe 2024 Monotropa hypopitys Arlington Virginia Retrieved 28 March 2024 Bidartondo M I Bruns T D 2001 Extreme specificity in epiparasitic Monotropoidiae Ericaceae widespread phylogenetic and geographical structure Molecular Ecology a b Wallace G D 1975 Studies of the Monotropoidiae Ericaceae taxonomy and distribution The Wassman Journal of Biology Sullivan Steven K 2015 Monotropa hypopitys Wildflower Search Retrieved 2015 01 17 Klinkenberg Brian ed 2014 Monotropa hypopitys E Flora BC Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia eflora bc ca Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis Department of Geography University of British Columbia Vancouver Retrieved 2015 01 17 Klooster Matthew R Culley Theresa M 2009 Comparative ecology ofMonotropaandMonotropsis two mycoheterotrophic genera in the Monotripoidiae Ericaceae The American Journal of Botany IPNI Plant Name Details International Plant Names Index 2005 retrieved 2009 08 08 USDA NRCS 2009 Plants profile for Monotropa hypopithys pinesap National Plant Data Center Baton Rouge LA USA retrieved 2009 08 08 ITIS Standard Report Page Monotropa hypopithys 2009 06 24 retrieved 2009 08 08 Iqbal Dar M Monotropa hypopithys in Flora of Pakistan eFloras org retrieved 2009 08 08 Monotropa hypopitys in the Linnaean Typification Project The Natural History Museum 2009 retrieved 2009 08 08 Qin Haining Stevens Peter F Wallace Gary D 2005 Monotropa hypopitys in Flora of China eFloras org retrieved 2009 08 08External links edit nbsp Media related to Monotropa hypopitys at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Monotropa hypopitys at Wikispecies Monotropa hypopitys Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Monotropa hypopitys amp oldid 1216070359, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
