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Minister president (Germany)

The Minister-president (German: Ministerpräsident, pronounced [miˈnɪstɐpʁɛziˌdɛnt] ) is the head of state and government in thirteen of Germany's sixteen states.

In Berlin, the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg the heads of the state hold different titles:

In the former states of Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern, defunct since 1952, the heads of state held the title State President (Staatspräsident).

Nevertheless, in Germany, it is common to refer to all sixteen heads of the states as minister-presidents, if they are referred to collectively. For example, the regular meetings of the sixteen office-holders are called Conference of minister-presidents (Ministerpräsidentenkonferenz).

Constitutional roles and powers edit

As the German constitution (Basic Law) defines the Federal Republic of Germany as a federation, each German state enjoys sovereignty, limited only by the Basic Law. The Basic Law gives the states a broad discretion to determine their respective state structure, only stating that each German state has to be a social and democratic republic under the rule of law (Article 28.1). In practice all German states have adopted some form of a mixed parliamentary republican system: Despite some differences between the individual state constitutions, the minister-presidents have both typical powers of an executive leader (for example appointing and dismissing cabinet members or defining the political guidelines of the cabinet) and typical powers and functions of a head of state (for example the power to grant pardons on behalf of the state and to perform certain ceremonial duties). As such, their powers and functions resemble those of an executive president, but in contrast to a presidential system, they are not directly elected and depend on the confidence of the respective state parliament. Thus, the constitutional position of a minister-president differs from that of the Chancellor of Germany at the federal level, who only holds the role of a chief executive leader, while the President of Germany performs the more ceremonial powers and functions of the federal head of state.

Even though all sixteen Minister-presidents hold roughly the same position in their states, there are also some important differences between the provisions of the state constitutions with regard to the head of state and government. This begins with the election procedure: All Minister-presidents are elected by the state parliament, but while in some states a majority of parliament members is needed for a successful election, in other states a simple majority (a plurality of votes cast) is sufficient. The same goes for recall procedures: In some states, the parliament may simply vote an officeholder out of office, while in other states the parliament has to elect a new officeholder at the same time (Constructive vote of no confidence). In Bavaria, the constitution does not allow a recall of the minister-president at all. In fifteen states, the state constitution defines the minister-president as the leader of the cabinet, giving him or her the right, to determine the cabinet's political guidelines, but this is not the case in Bremen, where the President of the Senate and Mayor only has a ceremonial precedence over the other cabinet members. There are also differences regarding the Minister-president power, to shape his or her cabinet: While in some states the office-holder is free to appoint or dismiss cabinet ministers at his or her discretion, in other states there are limits to this power, while the constitution of Bremen does not give the President of the Senate and Mayor any power, to directly influence the composition of his or her cabinet.

State Title Election threshold Recall procedure Position in cabinet Power to shape the cabinet Right to grant pardon Minimum age Other provisions
Baden-Württemberg[2] Minister-president majority of members constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval, the state parliament may recall individual cabinet ministers with a two-thirds majority yes 35
Free State of Bavaria[3] Minister-president simple majority none guideline competence cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval yes 40
Berlin[4] Governing Mayor simple majority vote of no confidence, but if the state parliament does not elect a new Governing Mayor within 21 days, the former officeholder is reinvested automatically guideline competence full no (whole cabinet) 18 (de facto)
Brandenburg[5] Minister-President majority of members (first and second ballot), plurality (third ballot) constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 (de facto)
Bremen[6] President of the Senate and Mayor simple majority constructive vote of no confidence ceremonial precedence none, the parliament elects and dismisses all cabinet members no (whole cabinet) 18 may not be a member of the state parliament
Hamburg[7] First Mayor majority of members constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval no (whole cabinet) 18 may not be a member of the state parliament
Hesse[8] Minister-president majority of members vote of no confidence guideline competence dismissal of cabinet members subject to parliamentary approval yes 18 (de facto) members of noble houses, which have reigned in Germany before 1918, are ineligible for office
Lower Saxony[9] Minister-president majority of members or plurality, if the state parliament does not elect a minister-president in 21 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval yes 18 (de facto)
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern[10] Minister-president majority of members or plurality, if the state parliament does not elect a minister-president in 28 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 (de facto)
North Rhine-Westphalia[11] Minister-President majority of members (first ballot), simple majority (second and third ballot), runoff (fourth ballot) constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 has to be a member of the state parliament
Rhineland-Palatinate[12] Minister-president majority of members vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 (de facto)
Saarland[13] Minister-president majority of members vote of no confidence guideline competence cabinet appointments and dismissals subject to parliamentary approval no (whole cabinet) 18 (de facto)
Free State of Saxony[14] Minister-president majority of members (first ballot), simple majority (following ballots) constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 (de facto)
Saxony-Anhalt[15] Minister-president majority of members or simple majority, if the state parliament does not elect a minister-president in 14 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 (de facto)
Schleswig-Holstein[16] Minister-president majority of members (first and second ballot), plurality (third ballot) constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 (de facto)
Free State of Thuringia[17] Minister-president majority of members (first and second ballot), plurality (third ballot) constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 (de facto)

By virtue of their position in the Bundesrat, the Minister-presidents can exert considerable influence on national politics within the federal structure. Along with several of their ministers, they commonly represent their state in the Bundesrat (the German Federal Council). Each state government is represented in the Bundesrat by three to six delegates, depending on the state's population.

Deputies edit

The minister-presidents appoint one (or in some states two) member(s) of their cabinet as their deputies. In most states the deputy of the minister-president holds the title Deputy Minister-president. Brandenburg, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Schleswig-Holstein have a higher ranking First Deputy Minister-president and a lower ranking Second Deputy Minister-president. Bavaria has a higher ranking Deputy Minister-president and a lower ranking Additional Deputy Minister-president. Berlin has two equally ranking Mayors deputizing for the Governing Mayor, while Bremen has a Mayor deputizing for the President of the Senate and Mayor and Hamburg has a Second Mayor deputizing for the First Mayor.

Their duties and functions mirror roughly those of the Vice Chancellor of Germany on federal level. Most importantly, the Deputy Minister-president (or equivalent) temporarily act as Minister-president in case of the office-holder's death or incapacity until the end of the incapacity or the election of a successor by the state parliament. An exception to this are the regulations in the state constitution of Bavaria (Art. 44.3), which designates both the Deputy Minister-president (for internal affairs) and the President of the Landtag (for the external representation) as acting successors. Office-holders who resign normally stay in office as acting minister-presidents (or equivalent) themselves until a successor is elected. This is however not the case, if the reason for the resignation is some form of constitutional, legal or traditional incompatibility with an office, on which the resigning office-holder has entered: The Basic Law prohibits the President of Germany from holding office in a state government at the same time (Art. 55.1). According to the Federal Constitutional Court Act, the same applies to judges on the Federal Constitutional Court (§ 3.3). Simultaneous membership in the Bundestag or the federal government is not prohibited for a Minister-president (or other members of a state government) under federal law, but in some states (for example North Rhine-Westphalia) it is forbidden by the state constitution and generally it is not in line with political tradition. Therefore, office-holders elected or appointed to such office usually resign and refrain from continuing to hold the office of Minister-president on an acting basis, leaving that role to their deputy.[18]

Normally, such full replacements last only a few days or even a few hours, but there have also been cases in which such acting Minister-president have had to remain in office for a longer period because the election of a new regular incumbent had proved difficult; this occurred for example in Schleswig-Holstein in 1987/88: The state election on 13 September 1987 had resulted in a stalemate between the centre-right bloc of CDU and FDP, which supported the incumbent Uwe Barschel, and the centre-left parties SPD and SSW, each with 37 seats. Due to the weak election results for the CDU and above all the Barschel affair, a supposed election-fraud scandal, Barschel declared his resignation with effect from 2 October and died a few days later in a hotel in Geneva under circumstances that have not been clarified to this day. As a result, the previous deputy Henning Schwarz became acting Minister-president. Attempts to elect a new Minister-president in the state parliament failed because of the stalemate, so the parliament dissolved itself and early state elections were held on 8 May 1988. The SPD emerged from these with an absolute majority of seats and its leading candidate Björn Engholm was elected Minister-president on 31 May. Schwarz thus held office as acting Minister-president for 242 days.

List of current office-holders edit

 

The longest-serving incumbent office-holder is Reiner Haseloff, who has served as the Minister-President of Saxony-Anhalt since 19 April 2011. Kai Wegner, the Governing Mayor of Berlin (since 27 April 2023), is the shortest-serving incumbent.

Portrait Name
Cabinet
Title entered office Party Deputy
Title
 
Baden-Württemberg
  Winfried Kretschmann
Kretschmann III
Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg 12 May 2011 Alliance 90/The Greens Thomas Strobl
(CDU)
Deputy Minister-President
 
Free State of Bavaria
  Markus Söder
Söder III
Minister-President of Bavaria 16 March 2018 CSU Hubert Aiwanger
(Free Voters)
Deputy Minister-President

Ulrike Scharf
(CSU)
Additional Deputy Minister-President
 
Berlin
  Kai Wegner
Wegner
Governing Mayor of Berlin 27 April 2023 CDU Franziska Giffey
(SPD)
Mayor

Stefan Evers
(CDU)
Mayor
 
Brandenburg
  Dietmar Woidke
Woidke III
Minister-President of Brandenburg 28 August 2013 SPD Michael Stübgen
(CDU)
First Deputy Minister-President

Ursula Nonnenmacher
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
Second Deputy Minister-President
 
Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
  Andreas Bovenschulte
Bovenschulte II
President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen 15 August 2019 SPD Maike Schaefer
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
Deputy President of the Senate and Mayor
 
Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
  Peter Tschentscher
Tschentscher II
First Mayor of Hamburg 28 March 2018 SPD Katharina Fegebank
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
Second Mayor
 
Hesse
  Boris Rhein
Rhein II
Minister-President of Hesse 31 May 2022 CDU Kaweh Mansoori
(SPD)
Deputy Minister-President
 
Lower Saxony
  Stephan Weil
Weil III
Minister-President of Lower Saxony 19 February 2013 SPD Julia Hamburg
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
Deputy Minister-President
 
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
  Manuela Schwesig
Schwesig II
Minister-President of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 4 July 2017 SPD Simone Oldenburg
(The Left)
Deputy Minister-President
 
North Rhine-Westphalia
  Hendrik Wüst
Wüst II
Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia 27 October 2021 CDU Mona Neubaur
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
Deputy Minister-President
 
Rhineland-Palatinate
  Malu Dreyer
Dreyer III
Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate 16 January 2013 SPD Katharina Binz
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
Deputy Minister-President
 
Saarland
  Anke Rehlinger
Rehlinger
Minister-President of Saarland 25 April 2022 SPD Jürgen Barke
(SPD)
Deputy Minister-President
 
Free State of Saxony
  Michael Kretschmer
Kretschmer II
Minister-President of Saxony 13 December 2017 CDU Wolfram Günther
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
First Deputy Minister-President

Martin Dulig
(SPD)
Second Deputy Minister-President
 
Saxony-Anhalt
  Reiner Haseloff
Haseloff III
Minister-President of Saxony-Anhalt 19 April 2011 CDU Armin Willingmann
(SPD)
First Deputy Minister-President

Lydia Hüskens
(FDP)
Second Deputy Minister-President
 
Schleswig-Holstein
  Daniel Günther
Günther II
Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein 28 June 2017 CDU Monika Heinold
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
Deputy Minister-President
 
Free State of Thuringia
  Bodo Ramelow
Ramelow II
Minister-President of Thuringia 4 March 2020 The Left Georg Maier
(SPD)
First Deputy Minister-President

Anja Siegesmund
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
Second Deputy Minister-President

Lists of former minister-presidents edit

Minister-Presidents of Baden-Württemberg (since 1952) edit

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party
Took office Left office Time in office
1   Reinhold Maier
(1889–1971)
25 April 1952 30 September 1953
resigned
1 year, 158 days FDP
2   Gebhard Müller
(1900–1990)
30 September 1953 17 December 1958
resigned
appointed to the
Federal Constitutional
Court
5 years, 78 days CDU
3   Kurt Georg Kiesinger
(1904–1988)
17 December 1958 1 December 1966
resigned
elected Chancellor
7 years, 349 days CDU
Deputy Minister-President Wolfgang Haußmann (FDP) served as acting Minister-President from 1 to 16 December 1966.
4   Hans Filbinger
(1913–2007)
16 December 1966 30 August 1978
resigned
11 years, 257 days CDU
5   Lothar Späth
(1937–2016)
30 August 1978 22 January 1991
resigned
12 years, 145 days CDU
6   Erwin Teufel
(born 1939)
22 January 1991 21 April 2005
resigned
14 years, 89 days CDU
7   Günther Oettinger
(born 1953)
21 April 2005 10 February 2010
resigned
appointed to the
European
Commission
4 years, 295 days CDU
8   Stefan Mappus
(born 1966)
10 February 2010 12 May 2011 1 year, 91 days CDU
9   Winfried Kretschmann
(born 1948)
12 May 2011 Incumbent 13 years, 8 days Alliance 90/The Greens

Minister-Presidents of Bavaria (since 1945) edit

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party
Took office Left office Time in office
1   Fritz Schäffer
(1888–1967)
28 May 1945 28 September 1945 123 days CSU
2   Wilhelm Hoegner
(1887–1980)
1st term
28 September 1945 16 December 1946 1 year, 79 days SPD
3   Hans Ehard
(1887–1980)
1st term
21 December 1946 14 December 1954 7 years, 358 days CSU
4   Wilhelm Hoegner
(1887–1980)
2nd term
14 December 1954 8 October 1957
resigned
2 years, 298 days SPD
5   Hanns Seidel
(1901–1961)
16 October 1957 22 January 1960
resigned
2 years, 98 days CSU
6   Hans Ehard
(1887–1980)
2nd term
26 January 1960 11 December 1962 2 years, 319 days CSU
7   Alfons Goppel
(1905–1991)
11 December 1962 6 November 1978 15 years, 330 days CSU
8   Franz Josef Strauss
(1915–1988)
6 November 1978 3 October 1988
died in office
9 years, 332 days CSU
Deputy Minister-President Max Streibl and President of the Landtag Franz Heubl (both CSU) served together as acting Minister-Presidents from 3 to 19 October 1988.
9   Max Streibl
(1932–1998)
19 October 1988 28 May 1993
resigned
4 years, 221 days CSU
10   Edmund Stoiber
(born 1941)
28 May 1993 9 October 2007
resigned
14 years, 135 days CSU
11   Günther Beckstein
(born 1943)
9 October 2007 27 October 2008 1 year, 18 days CSU
12   Horst Seehofer
(born 1949)
27 October 2008 13 March 2018
resigned
appointed
Federal Minister
of the Interior
9 years, 140 days CSU
Deputy Minister-President Ilse Aigner and President of the Landtag Barbara Stamm (both CSU) served together as acting Minister-Presidents from 13 to 16 March 2018.
13   Markus Söder
(born 1967)
16 March 2018 Incumbent 6 years, 65 days CSU

Governing Mayors of Berlin (since 1948, West Berlin until 1990/91) edit

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party
Took office Left office Time in office
1   Ernst Reuter
(1889–1953)
7 December 1948 29 September 1953
died in office
4 years, 296 days SPD
2   Walther Schreiber
(1884–1958)
29 September 1953 11 January 1955 1 year, 104 days CDU
3   Otto Suhr
(1894–1957)
11 January 1955 30 August 1957
died in office
2 years, 231 days SPD
Mayor Franz Amrehn (CDU) served as acting Governing Mayor 30 August to 3 October 1957.
4   Willy Brandt
(1913–1992)
3 October 1957 1 December 1966
resigned
appointed
Federal Minister
for Foreign Affairs
and Vice Chancellor
9 years, 59 days SPD
5   Heinrich Albertz
(1915–1993)
1 December 1966 19 October 1967
resigned
322 days SPD
6   Klaus Schütz
(1926–2012)
19 October 1967 2 May 1977
resigned
9 years, 195 days SPD
7   Dietrich Stobbe
(1938–2011)
2 May 1977 23 January 1981
resigned
3 years, 266 days SPD
8   Hans-Jochen Vogel
(1926–2020)
23 January 1981 11 June 1981 139 days SPD
9   Richard von Weizsäcker
(1920–2015)
11 June 1981 9 February 1984
resigned
elected
President of Germany
2 years, 243 days CDU
10   Eberhard Diepgen
(born 1941)
1st term
9 February 1984 16 March 1989 5 years, 35 days CDU
11   Walter Momper[a]
(born 1945)
16 March 1989 24 January 1991 1 year, 314 days SPD
12   Eberhard Diepgen
(born 1941)
2nd term
24 January 1991 16 June 2001
voted out of office by
a vote
of no confidence
10 years, 143 days CDU
13   Klaus Wowereit
(born 1953)
16 June 2001 11 December 2014
resigned
13 years, 178 days SPD
14   Michael Müller
(born 1964)
11 December 2014 21 December 2021 7 years, 10 days SPD
15   Franziska Giffey
(born 1978)
21 December 2021 27 April 2023 1 year, 127 days SPD
16   Kai Wegner
(born 1972)
27 April 2023 Incumbent 1 year, 23 days CDU
  1. ^ Walter Momper was the last Governing Mayor of West Berlin. Due to the German Reunification Treaty, from 3 October 1990 on, he and the Lord Mayor of East Berlin were equal, collegial heads of state government for a transitional period until the formation of a new state government after the first state election in reunified Berlin. The Lord Mayors of East Berlin during this period were Tino Schwierzina (SPD, 3 October 1990–11 January 1991) and Thomas Krüger (acting, SPD, 11–24 January 1991). Since the unification of the previously divided city of Berlin in 1990 was, in terms of constitutional law, an accession of East Berlin to the area of application of the West Berlin state constitution, there is a formal continuity of the Governing mayors of (West) Berlin before and after 1990/91, while the office of Lord Mayor of East Berlin was separate from it and ceased to exist in 1991.

Minister-Presidents of Brandenburg (since 1990) edit

Portrait Name
(Born–Died)
Term of Office Political Party
Took Office Left Office Days
1   Manfred Stolpe
(1936–2019)
1 November 1990 26 June 2002
resigned
11 years, 237 days SPD
2   Matthias Platzeck
(born 1953)
26 June 2002 28 August 2013
resigned
11 years, 63 days SPD
3   Dietmar Woidke
(born 1961)
28 August 2013 Incumbent 10 years, 266 days SPD

Presidents of the Senate and Mayors of Bremen (since 1945) edit

Portrait Name
(Born–Died)
Term of Office Political Party
Took Office Left Office Days
1 Erich Vagts
(1884–1967)
2 May 1945 31 July 1945 90 days Independent
2   Wilhelm Kaisen
(1887–1979)
31 July 1945 20 July 1965 19 years, 354 days SPD
3   Willy Dehnkamp
(1903–1985)
20 July 1965 28 November 1967 2 years, 141 days SPD
4   Hans Koschnick
(1929–2016)
28 November 1967 18 September 1985 17 years, 294 days SPD
5   Klaus Wedemeier
(born 1944)
18 September 1985 4 July 1995 9 years, 289 days SPD
6   Henning Scherf
(born 1938)
4 July 1995 8 November 2005
resigned
10 years, 127 days SPD
7   Jens Böhrnsen
(born 1949)
8 November 2005 17 July 2015 9 years, 251 days SPD
8   Carsten Sieling
(born 1959)
17 July 2015 15 August 2019 4 years, 29 days SPD
9   Andreas Bovenschulte
(born 1965)
15 August 2019 Incumbent 4 years, 279 days SPD

First Mayors of Hamburg (since 1946) edit

Portrait Name
(Born–Died)
Term of Office Political Party
Took Office Left Office Days
1   Max Brauer
(1887–1973)
1st term
22 November 1946 2 December 1953
replaced by
a constructive vote
of no confidence
7 years, 10 days SPD
2   Kurt Sieveking
(1897–1986)
2 December 1953 4 December 1957 4 years, 2 days CDU
3   Max Brauer
(1887–1973)
2nd term
4 December 1957 31 December 1960
resigned
3 years, 27 days SPD
4   Paul Nevermann
(1902–1979)
1 January 1961 9 June 1965
resigned
4 years, 159 days SPD
5   Herbert Weichmann
(1896–1983)
9 June 1965 9 June 1971
resigned
6 years, 0 days SPD
6   Peter Schulz
(1930–2013)
9 June 1971 12 November 1974 3 years, 156 days SPD
7   Hans-Ulrich Klose
(1937–2023)
12 November 1974 24 June 1981
resigned
6 years, 224 days SPD
8   Klaus von Dohnanyi
(born 1928)
24 June 1981 8 June 1988 6 years, 350 days SPD
9   Henning Voscherau
(1941–2016)
8 June 1988 12 November 1997 9 years, 157 days SPD
10   Ortwin Runde
(born 1944)
12 November 1997 31 October 2001 3 years, 353 days SPD
11   Ole von Beust
(born 1955)
31 October 2001 25 August 2010
resigned
8 years, 298 days CDU
12   Christoph Ahlhaus
(born 1969)
25 August 2010 7 March 2011 194 days CDU
13   Olaf Scholz
(born 1958)
7 March 2011 13 March 2018
resigned
appointed
Federal Minister of Finance
and Vice Chancellor
7 years, 6 days SPD
Second Mayor Katharina Fegebank (Alliance 90/The Greens) served as acting First Mayor from 13 March to 28 March 2018.
14   Peter Tschentscher
(born 1966)
28 March 2018 Incumbent 6 years, 53 days SPD

Minister-Presidents of Hesse (since 1946) edit

Portrait Name
(Born–Died)
Term of Office Political Party
Took Office Left Office Days
1   Christian Stock
(1884–1967)
20 December 1946 14 December 1950 3 years, 359 days SPD
2   Georg-August Zinn
(1901–1976)
14 December 1950 3 October 1969 18 years, 293 days SPD
3   Albert Osswald
(1919–1996)
3 October 1969 16 October 1976
resigned
7 years, 13 days SPD
4   Holger Börner
(1931–2006)
16 October 1976 23 April 1987 10 years, 189 days SPD
5   Walter Wallmann
(1932–2013)
23 April 1987 5 April 1991 3 years, 347 days CDU
6   Hans Eichel
(born 1941)
5 April 1991 7 April 1999 8 years, 2 days SPD
7   Roland Koch
(born 1958)
7 April 1999 31 August 2010
resigned
11 years, 146 days CDU
8   Volker Bouffier
(born 1951)
31 August 2010 31 May 2022
resigned
11 years, 273 days CDU
9   Boris Rhein
(born 1972)
31 May 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 355 days CDU

Minister-Presidents of Lower Saxony (since 1946) edit

Portrait Name
(Born–Died)
Term of Office Political Party
Took Office Left Office Days
1   Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf
(1893–1961)
1st term
9 December 1946 26 May 1955 8 years, 168 days SPD
2 Heinrich Hellwege
(1908–1991)
26 May 1955 12 May 1959 3 years, 351 days German Party
3   Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf
(1893–1961)
2nd term
12 May 1959 21 December 1961
died in office
2 years, 223 days SPD
Deputy Minister-President Hermann Ahrens (GB/BHE) served as acting Minister-President from 21 to 29 December 1961.
4   Georg Diederichs
(1900–1983)
29 December 1961 8 July 1970 8 years, 191 days SPD
5   Alfred Kubel
(1909–1999)
8 July 1970 6 February 1976
resigned
5 years, 213 days SPD
6   Ernst Albrecht
(1930–2014)
6 February 1976 21 June 1990 14 years, 135 days CDU
7   Gerhard Schröder
(born 1944)
21 June 1990 28 October 1998
resigned
elected Chancellor
8 years, 129 days SPD
8 Gerhard Glogowski
(born 1943)
28 October 1998 15 October 1999
resigned
352 days SPD
9   Sigmar Gabriel
(born 1959)
15 October 1999 4 March 2003 3 years, 140 days SPD
10   Christian Wulff
(born 1959)
4 March 2003 30 June 2010
resigned
elected President of Germany
7 years, 118 days CDU
Deputy Minister-President Jörg Bode (FDP) served as acting Minister-President from 30 June to 1 July 2010.
11   David McAllister
(born 1971)
1 July 2010 19 February 2013 2 years, 233 days CDU
12   Stephan Weil
(born 1958)
19 February 2013 Incumbent 11 years, 91 days SPD

Minister-Presidents of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (since 1990) edit

Portrait Name
(Born–Died)
Term Party
Took office Left office Days
1   Alfred Gomolka
(1942–2020)
27 October 1990 19 March 1992
resigned
1 year, 144 days CDU
2   Berndt Seite
(born 1940)
19 March 1992 3 November 1998 6 years, 229 days CDU
3   Harald Ringstorff
(1939–2020)
3 November 1998 6 October 2008
resigned
9 years, 338 days SPD
4   Erwin Sellering
(born 1949)
6 October 2008 4 July 2017
resigned
8 years, 271 days SPD
5   Manuela Schwesig
(born 1974)
4 July 2017 Incumbent 6 years, 321 days SPD

Minister-Presidents of North Rhine-Westphalia (since 1946) edit

Portrait Name
(Born–Died)
Term of Office Political Party
Took Office Left Office Days
1   Rudolf Amelunxen
(1888–1969)
23 August 1946 17 June 1947 298 days Non-partisan
(until 1947)
Centre Party
(from 1947)
2   Karl Arnold
(1901–1958)
17 June 1947 20 February 1956
replaced
by a constructive vote
of no confidence
8 years, 248 days CDU
3   Fritz Steinhoff
(1897–1969)
20 February 1956 21 July 1958 2 years, 151 days SPD
4   Franz Meyers
(1908–2002)
21 July 1958 8 December 1966
replaced
by a constructive vote
of no confidence
8 years, 140 days CDU
5   Heinz Kühn
(1912–1992)
8 December 1966 20 September 1978 11 years, 286 days SPD
6   Johannes Rau
(1931–2006)
20 September 1978 27 May 1998
resigned
19 years, 249 days SPD
7   Wolfgang Clement
(1940–2020)
27 May 1998 22 October 2002
resigned
appointed Federal Minister
for the Economy
and Labour
4 years, 148 days SPD
Deputy Minister-President Michael Vesper (Alliance 90/The Greens) served as acting Minister-President from 22 October to 6 November 2002
8   Peer Steinbrück
(born 1947)
6 November 2002 22 June 2005 2 years, 228 days SPD
9   Jürgen Rüttgers
(born 1951)
22 June 2005 14 July 2010 5 years, 22 days CDU
10   Hannelore Kraft
(born 1961)
14 July 2010 27 June 2017 6 years, 348 days SPD
11   Armin Laschet
(born 1961)
27 June 2017 26 October 2021
resigned
elected to the Bundestag
4 years, 121 days CDU
Deputy Minister-President Joachim Stamp (FDP) served as acting Minister-President from 26 to 27 October 2021
12   Hendrik Wüst
(born 1975)
27 October 2021 Incumbent 2 years, 206 days CDU

Minister-Presidents of Rhineland-Palatinate (since 1946) edit

Portrait Name
(Born–Died)
Term of Office Political Party
Took Office Left Office Days
1 Wilhelm Boden
(1890–1961)
1 December 1946 9 July 1947 220 days CDU
2   Peter Altmeier
(1899–1977)
9 July 1947 19 May 1969 21 years, 314 days CDU
3   Helmut Kohl
(1930–2017)
19 May 1969 2 December 1976
resigned
elected to the Bundestag
7 years, 197 days CDU
4   Bernhard Vogel
(born 1932)
2 December 1976 8 December 1988
resigned
12 years, 6 days CDU
5   Carl-Ludwig Wagner
(1930–2012)
8 December 1988 21 May 1991 2 years, 164 days CDU
6   Rudolf Scharping
(born 1947)
21 May 1991 26 October 1994
resigned
elected to the Bundestag
3 years, 158 days SPD
7   Kurt Beck
(born 1949)
26 October 1994 16 January 2013
resigned
18 years, 82 days SPD
8   Malu Dreyer
(born 1961)
16 January 2013 Incumbent 11 years, 125 days SPD

Minister-Presidents of Saarland (since 1947, joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957) edit

Portrait Name
(born and died)
Term of office Political party
Took office Left office Days
1   Johannes Hoffmann
(1890–1967)
20 December 1947 29 October 1955
resigned
7 years, 313 days CVP
2 Heinrich Welsch
(1888–1976)
29 October 1955 10 January 1956 73 days Independent
3   Hubert Ney[a]
(1892–1984)
10 January 1956 4 June 1957
resigned
1 year, 145 days CDU
4 Egon Reinert
(1908–1959)
4 June 1957 23 April 1959
died in office
1 year, 323 days CDU
5   Franz-Josef Röder
(1909–1979)
23 April 1959 26 June 1979
died in office
20 years, 64 days CDU
Deputy Minister-President Werner Klumpp (FDP) served as acting Minister-President from 26 June to 5 July 1979.
6   Werner Zeyer
(1929–2000)
5 July 1979 9 April 1985 5 years, 278 days CDU
7   Oskar Lafontaine
(born 1943)
9 April 1985 10 November 1998
resigned
appointed Federal Minister
of Finance
13 years, 215 days SPD
8   Reinhard Klimmt
(born 1942)
10 November 1998 29 September 1999 323 days SPD
9   Peter Müller
(born 1955)
29 September 1999 10 August 2011
resigned
appointed to the
Federal Constitutional Court
11 years, 315 days CDU
10   Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer
(born 1962)
10 August 2011 1 March 2018
resigned
6 years, 203 days CDU
11   Tobias Hans
(born 1978)
1 March 2018 25 April 2022 4 years, 55 days CDU
12   Anke Rehlinger
(born 1976)
25 April 2022 Incumbent 2 years, 25 days SPD
  1. ^ On 1 January 1957, Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany as its 10th state. Therefore, Ney was both the last minister-president of the partly sovereign Saar Protectorate and the first of Saarland as a German state.

Minister-Presidents of Saxony (since 1990) edit

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party
Took Office Left Office Days
1   Kurt Biedenkopf
(1930–2021)
27 October 1990 18 April 2002
resigned
11 years, 173 days CDU
2   Georg Milbradt
(born 1945)
18 April 2002 28 May 2008
resigned
6 years, 40 days CDU
3   Stanislaw Tillich
(born 1959)
28 May 2008 13 December 2017
resigned
9 years, 199 days CDU
4   Michael Kretschmer
(born 1975)
13 December 2017 Incumbent 6 years, 159 days CDU

Minister-Presidents of Saxony-Anhalt (since 1990) edit

Portrait Name
(Born–Died)
Term of Office Political Party
Took Office Left Office Days
1   Gerd Gies
(born 1943)
28 October 1990 4 July 1991
resigned
249 days CDU
2   Werner Münch
(born 1940)
4 July 1991 2 December 1993
resigned
2 years, 151 days CDU
3   Christoph Bergner
(born 1948)
2 December 1993 21 June 1994 201 days CDU
4   Reinhard Höppner
(1948–2014)
21 June 1994 16 May 2002 7 years, 329 days SPD
5   Wolfgang Böhmer
(born 1936)
16 May 2002 19 April 2011 8 years, 338 days CDU
6   Reiner Haseloff
(born 1954)
19 April 2011 Incumbent 13 years, 31 days CDU

Minister-Presidents of Schleswig-Holstein (since 1946) edit

Portrait Name
(Born–Died)
Term of Office Political Party
Took Office Left Office Days
1 Theodor Steltzer
(1885–1967)
12 September 1946 29 April 1947 229 days CDU
2   Hermann Lüdemann
(1880–1959)
29 April 1947 29 August 1949 2 years, 122 days SPD
3 Bruno Diekmann
(1897–1982)
29 August 1949 5 September 1950 1 year, 7 days SPD
4   Walter Bartram
(1893–1971)
5 September 1950 25 June 1951
resigned
293 days CDU
5 Friedrich-Wilhelm Lübke
(1887–1954)
25 June 1951 11 October 1954
resigned
3 years, 108 days CDU
6   Kai-Uwe von Hassel
(1913–1997)
11 October 1954 14 January 1963
resigned
appointed Federal Minister
of Defence
8 years, 95 days CDU
7   Helmut Lemke
(1907–1990)
14 January 1963 24 May 1971 8 years, 130 days CDU
8   Gerhard Stoltenberg
(1928–2001)
24 May 1971 14 October 1982
resigned
appointed Federal Minister
of Finance
11 years, 143 days CDU
9   Uwe Barschel
(1944–1987)
14 October 1982 2 October 1987
resigned
4 years, 353 days CDU
Deputy Minister-President Henning Schwarz (CDU) served as acting Minister-President from 2 October 1987 to 31 May 1988.
10   Björn Engholm
(born 1939)
31 May 1988 19 May 1993
resigned
4 years, 353 days SPD
11   Heide Simonis
(1943–2023)
19 May 1993 27 April 2005 11 years, 343 days SPD
12   Peter Harry Carstensen
(born 1947)
27 April 2005 12 June 2012 7 years, 46 days CDU
13   Torsten Albig
(born 1963)
12 June 2012 28 June 2017 5 years, 16 days SPD
14   Daniel Günther
(born 1973)
28 June 2017 Incumbent 6 years, 327 days CDU

Minister-Presidents of Thuringia (since 1990) edit

Portrait Name
(Born–Died)
Term of Office Political Party
Took office Left office Days
1   Josef Duchac
(born 1938)
8 November 1990 5 February 1992
resigned
1 year, 89 days CDU
2   Bernhard Vogel
(born 1932)
5 February 1992 5 June 2003
resigned
11 years, 120 days CDU
3   Dieter Althaus
(born 1958)
5 June 2003 30 October 2009 6 years, 147 days CDU
4   Christine Lieberknecht
(born 1958)
30 October 2009 5 December 2014 5 years, 36 days CDU
5   Bodo Ramelow
(born 1956)
1st term
5 December 2014 5 February 2020 5 years, 62 days The Left
6   Thomas Kemmerich
(born 1965)
5 February 2020 4 March 2020
resigned
28 days FDP
7   Bodo Ramelow
(born 1956)
2nd term
4 March 2020 Incumbent 4 years, 77 days The Left

Defunct states edit

State Presidents of Baden (1947–1952) edit

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party
Took office Left office Time in office
  Leo Wohleb
(1888–1955)
24 July 1947 25 April 1952
state was merged
into
Baden-Württemberg
4 years, 276 days CDU

Minister-Presidents of Württemberg-Baden (1945–1952) edit

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party
Took Office Left Office Days
Reinhold Maier
(1889–1971)
19 September 1945 25 April 1952
state was merged
into
Baden-Württemberg
6 years, 219 days FDP

State Presidents of Württemberg-Hohenzollern (1945–1952) edit

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party
Took Office Left Office Days
1   Carlo Schmid
(1896–1979)
16 October 1945 22 July 1947 1 year, 279 days SPD
2   Lorenz Bock
(1883–1948)
22 July 1947 3 August 1948
died in office
1 year, 12 days CDU
Deputy State President Carlo Schmid (SPD) served as acting State President from 3 to 13 August 1948.
3   Gebhard Müller
(1900–1990)
13 August 1948 25 April 1952
state was merged
into
Baden-Württemberg
3 years, 256 days CDU

Trivia edit

The office of a minister-president is both highly prestigious in its own right and acts as a potential "career springboard" for German politicians.

Three out of twelve Presidents of Germany have been head of a state before becoming President:

One out of 13 Presidents of the Bundestag has been head of a state before becoming President:

Five out of nine Chancellors of Germany have been head of a state before becoming Chancellor:

One out of ten Presidents of the Federal Constitutional Court has been head of a state before becoming President:

  • Gebhard Müller, State President of Württemberg-Hohenzollern (1948–1952), Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg (1953–1958)

Many more minister-presidents went on to become members of the federal government, EU institutions or associate judges of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany for example.

The three longest serving office-holders were:

  • Peter Altmeier, Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate (1947–1969, 21 years, 314 days)
  • Franz-Josef Röder, Minister-President of Saarland (1959–1979, 20 years, 64 days)
  • Wilhelm Kaisen, President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen (1945–1965, 19 years, 354 days)

The three shortest serving office-holders were:

There have been eight female heads of a German state:

One person has managed to become Minister-President of two different states, which did not merge into one another:

  • Bernhard Vogel, Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate (1976–1988) and Minister-President of Thuringia (1992–2003)

Two persons have been minister-presidents of two states before and after they had merged into one another:

  • Reinhold Maier, Minister-President of Württemberg-Baden (1945–1952), Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg (1952–1953)
  • Gebhard Müller, State President of Württemberg-Hohenzollern (1948–1952), Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg (1953–1958)

So far, there has been already one Minister-President from a recognized national minority: Stanislaw Tillich, who served as Minister-President of Saxony between 2008 and 2017, is of Sorbian origin and speaks Sorbian and German as his mother tongue.

David McAllister, who served as the Minister-President of Lower Saxony between 2010 and 2013, has been the first office-holder with dual nationality (Germany and United Kingdom).

The vast majority former minister-presidents have been members of Germany's two biggest political parties, the center-right CDU (or, in Bavaria, its sister party CSU) and the center-left SPD. However, all german parties currently represented in the Bundestag, apart from the AfD, have at least once provided a minister-president.

Alliance 90/The Greens:

Free Democratic Party of Germany (FDP):

The Left:

  • Bodo Ramelow, Minister-President of Thuringia (2014–2020 and since 2020)

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ According to the Bremen state constitution, the Senate (the Bremen state government) includes two mayors, one of whom also holds the position of President of the Senate. The President of the Senate is the head of government (de facto), whose role corresponds to that of a minister-president in the other german states, while the other mayor is his or her deputy. Regardless, in informal contexts or in the media, the President of the Senate is often simply called 'mayor', although what actually matters is the title of President of the Senate.
  2. ^ "Verfassung des Landes Baden-Württemberg vom 11. November 1953 (GBl. S. 173)" (PDF). Lpb-bw.de. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  3. ^ (PDF). Uni-augsburg.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  4. ^ "Verfassung von Berlin Vom 23. November 1995" (PDF). Datenschutz.fu-berlin.de. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  5. ^ "Verfassung des Landes Brandenburg". Bravors.brandenburg.de. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  6. ^ "Landesverfassung der Freien Hansestadt Bremen" (PDF). Bremische-buergerschaft.de. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  7. ^ "Landesrecht - Justiz - Portal Hamburg". Landesrecht-hamburg.de. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  8. ^ "Verfassung des Landes Hessen" (PDF). Starweb.hessen.de. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  9. ^ "VORIS Artikel 29 Verf ND - Landesnorm Niedersachsen - - Regierungsbildung - Niedersächsische Verfassung vom 19. Mai 1993 - gültig ab: 01.06.1993". Nds-voris.de. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  10. ^ (PDF). Landtag-mv.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  11. ^ (PDF). Krefeld.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  12. ^ "Verfassung für Rheinland-Pfalz" (PDF). Rlp.de. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  13. ^ (PDF). Landtag-saar.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  14. ^ . Revosax.sachsen.de. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  15. ^ "Landesrecht Sachsen-Anhalt Verf ST - Landesnorm Sachsen-Anhalt - Gesamtausgabe - Verfassung des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt vom 16. Juli 1992 - gültig ab: 18.07.1992". Landesrecht.sachsen-anhalt.de. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  16. ^ "Gesetze-Rechtsprechung Schleswig-Holstein Verf SH 2014 - Landesnorm Schleswig-Holstein - Gesamtausgabe - Verfassung des Landes Schleswig-Holstein in der Fassung vom 2. Dezember 2014 - gültig ab: 11.12.2014". Gesetze-rechtsprechung.sh.juris.de. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  17. ^ "Landesrecht TH Verf TH - Landesnorm Thüringen - Gesamtausgabe - Verfassung des Freistaats Thüringen vom 25. Oktober 1993 - gültig ab: 30.10.1993". Landtag.thueringen.de. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  18. ^ "Inkompatibilitäten mit dem Bundestagsmandat" (PDF).

minister, president, germany, minister, president, german, ministerpräsident, pronounced, miˈnɪstɐpʁɛziˌdɛnt, head, state, government, thirteen, germany, sixteen, states, berlin, free, hanseatic, city, bremen, free, hanseatic, city, hamburg, heads, state, hold. The Minister president German Ministerprasident pronounced miˈnɪstɐpʁɛziˌdɛnt is the head of state and government in thirteen of Germany s sixteen states In Berlin the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg the heads of the state hold different titles in Berlin Governing Mayor Regierender Burgermeister before 1951 Mayor Burgermeister in Bremen President of the Senate and Mayor Prasident des Senats und Burgermeister 1 in Hamburg First Mayor Erster Burgermeister In the former states of Baden and Wurttemberg Hohenzollern defunct since 1952 the heads of state held the title State President Staatsprasident Nevertheless in Germany it is common to refer to all sixteen heads of the states as minister presidents if they are referred to collectively For example the regular meetings of the sixteen office holders are called Conference of minister presidents Ministerprasidentenkonferenz Contents 1 Constitutional roles and powers 2 Deputies 3 List of current office holders 4 Lists of former minister presidents 4 1 Minister Presidents of Baden Wurttemberg since 1952 4 2 Minister Presidents of Bavaria since 1945 4 3 Governing Mayors of Berlin since 1948 West Berlin until 1990 91 4 4 Minister Presidents of Brandenburg since 1990 4 5 Presidents of the Senate and Mayors of Bremen since 1945 4 6 First Mayors of Hamburg since 1946 4 7 Minister Presidents of Hesse since 1946 4 8 Minister Presidents of Lower Saxony since 1946 4 9 Minister Presidents of Mecklenburg Vorpommern since 1990 4 10 Minister Presidents of North Rhine Westphalia since 1946 4 11 Minister Presidents of Rhineland Palatinate since 1946 4 12 Minister Presidents of Saarland since 1947 joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957 4 13 Minister Presidents of Saxony since 1990 4 14 Minister Presidents of Saxony Anhalt since 1990 4 15 Minister Presidents of Schleswig Holstein since 1946 4 16 Minister Presidents of Thuringia since 1990 5 Defunct states 5 1 State Presidents of Baden 1947 1952 5 2 Minister Presidents of Wurttemberg Baden 1945 1952 5 3 State Presidents of Wurttemberg Hohenzollern 1945 1952 6 Trivia 7 See also 8 ReferencesConstitutional roles and powers editAs the German constitution Basic Law defines the Federal Republic of Germany as a federation each German state enjoys sovereignty limited only by the Basic Law The Basic Law gives the states a broad discretion to determine their respective state structure only stating that each German state has to be a social and democratic republic under the rule of law Article 28 1 In practice all German states have adopted some form of a mixed parliamentary republican system Despite some differences between the individual state constitutions the minister presidents have both typical powers of an executive leader for example appointing and dismissing cabinet members or defining the political guidelines of the cabinet and typical powers and functions of a head of state for example the power to grant pardons on behalf of the state and to perform certain ceremonial duties As such their powers and functions resemble those of an executive president but in contrast to a presidential system they are not directly elected and depend on the confidence of the respective state parliament Thus the constitutional position of a minister president differs from that of the Chancellor of Germany at the federal level who only holds the role of a chief executive leader while the President of Germany performs the more ceremonial powers and functions of the federal head of state Even though all sixteen Minister presidents hold roughly the same position in their states there are also some important differences between the provisions of the state constitutions with regard to the head of state and government This begins with the election procedure All Minister presidents are elected by the state parliament but while in some states a majority of parliament members is needed for a successful election in other states a simple majority a plurality of votes cast is sufficient The same goes for recall procedures In some states the parliament may simply vote an officeholder out of office while in other states the parliament has to elect a new officeholder at the same time Constructive vote of no confidence In Bavaria the constitution does not allow a recall of the minister president at all In fifteen states the state constitution defines the minister president as the leader of the cabinet giving him or her the right to determine the cabinet s political guidelines but this is not the case in Bremen where the President of the Senate and Mayor only has a ceremonial precedence over the other cabinet members There are also differences regarding the Minister president power to shape his or her cabinet While in some states the office holder is free to appoint or dismiss cabinet ministers at his or her discretion in other states there are limits to this power while the constitution of Bremen does not give the President of the Senate and Mayor any power to directly influence the composition of his or her cabinet State Title Election threshold Recall procedure Position in cabinet Power to shape the cabinet Right to grant pardon Minimum age Other provisions Baden Wurttemberg 2 Minister president majority of members constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval the state parliament may recall individual cabinet ministers with a two thirds majority yes 35 Free State of Bavaria 3 Minister president simple majority none guideline competence cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval yes 40 Berlin 4 Governing Mayor simple majority vote of no confidence but if the state parliament does not elect a new Governing Mayor within 21 days the former officeholder is reinvested automatically guideline competence full no whole cabinet 18 de facto Brandenburg 5 Minister President majority of members first and second ballot plurality third ballot constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 de facto Bremen 6 President of the Senate and Mayor simple majority constructive vote of no confidence ceremonial precedence none the parliament elects and dismisses all cabinet members no whole cabinet 18 may not be a member of the state parliament Hamburg 7 First Mayor majority of members constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval no whole cabinet 18 may not be a member of the state parliament Hesse 8 Minister president majority of members vote of no confidence guideline competence dismissal of cabinet members subject to parliamentary approval yes 18 de facto members of noble houses which have reigned in Germany before 1918 are ineligible for office Lower Saxony 9 Minister president majority of members or plurality if the state parliament does not elect a minister president in 21 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval yes 18 de facto Mecklenburg Vorpommern 10 Minister president majority of members or plurality if the state parliament does not elect a minister president in 28 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 de facto North Rhine Westphalia 11 Minister President majority of members first ballot simple majority second and third ballot runoff fourth ballot constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 has to be a member of the state parliament Rhineland Palatinate 12 Minister president majority of members vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 de facto Saarland 13 Minister president majority of members vote of no confidence guideline competence cabinet appointments and dismissals subject to parliamentary approval no whole cabinet 18 de facto Free State of Saxony 14 Minister president majority of members first ballot simple majority following ballots constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 de facto Saxony Anhalt 15 Minister president majority of members or simple majority if the state parliament does not elect a minister president in 14 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 de facto Schleswig Holstein 16 Minister president majority of members first and second ballot plurality third ballot constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 de facto Free State of Thuringia 17 Minister president majority of members first and second ballot plurality third ballot constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 de facto By virtue of their position in the Bundesrat the Minister presidents can exert considerable influence on national politics within the federal structure Along with several of their ministers they commonly represent their state in the Bundesrat the German Federal Council Each state government is represented in the Bundesrat by three to six delegates depending on the state s population Deputies editThe minister presidents appoint one or in some states two member s of their cabinet as their deputies In most states the deputy of the minister president holds the title Deputy Minister president Brandenburg Saxony Saxony Anhalt and Schleswig Holstein have a higher ranking First Deputy Minister president and a lower ranking Second Deputy Minister president Bavaria has a higher ranking Deputy Minister president and a lower ranking Additional Deputy Minister president Berlin has two equally ranking Mayors deputizing for the Governing Mayor while Bremen has a Mayor deputizing for the President of the Senate and Mayor and Hamburg has a Second Mayor deputizing for the First Mayor Their duties and functions mirror roughly those of the Vice Chancellor of Germany on federal level Most importantly the Deputy Minister president or equivalent temporarily act as Minister president in case of the office holder s death or incapacity until the end of the incapacity or the election of a successor by the state parliament An exception to this are the regulations in the state constitution of Bavaria Art 44 3 which designates both the Deputy Minister president for internal affairs and the President of the Landtag for the external representation as acting successors Office holders who resign normally stay in office as acting minister presidents or equivalent themselves until a successor is elected This is however not the case if the reason for the resignation is some form of constitutional legal or traditional incompatibility with an office on which the resigning office holder has entered The Basic Law prohibits the President of Germany from holding office in a state government at the same time Art 55 1 According to the Federal Constitutional Court Act the same applies to judges on the Federal Constitutional Court 3 3 Simultaneous membership in the Bundestag or the federal government is not prohibited for a Minister president or other members of a state government under federal law but in some states for example North Rhine Westphalia it is forbidden by the state constitution and generally it is not in line with political tradition Therefore office holders elected or appointed to such office usually resign and refrain from continuing to hold the office of Minister president on an acting basis leaving that role to their deputy 18 Normally such full replacements last only a few days or even a few hours but there have also been cases in which such acting Minister president have had to remain in office for a longer period because the election of a new regular incumbent had proved difficult this occurred for example in Schleswig Holstein in 1987 88 The state election on 13 September 1987 had resulted in a stalemate between the centre right bloc of CDU and FDP which supported the incumbent Uwe Barschel and the centre left parties SPD and SSW each with 37 seats Due to the weak election results for the CDU and above all the Barschel affair a supposed election fraud scandal Barschel declared his resignation with effect from 2 October and died a few days later in a hotel in Geneva under circumstances that have not been clarified to this day As a result the previous deputy Henning Schwarz became acting Minister president Attempts to elect a new Minister president in the state parliament failed because of the stalemate so the parliament dissolved itself and early state elections were held on 8 May 1988 The SPD emerged from these with an absolute majority of seats and its leading candidate Bjorn Engholm was elected Minister president on 31 May Schwarz thus held office as acting Minister president for 242 days List of current office holders edit nbsp Further information List of current heads of government of the German federal states The longest serving incumbent office holder is Reiner Haseloff who has served as the Minister President of Saxony Anhalt since 19 April 2011 Kai Wegner the Governing Mayor of Berlin since 27 April 2023 is the shortest serving incumbent Portrait NameCabinet Title entered office Party DeputyTitle nbsp Baden Wurttemberg nbsp Winfried KretschmannKretschmann III Minister President of Baden Wurttemberg 12 May 2011 Alliance 90 The Greens Thomas Strobl CDU Deputy Minister President nbsp Free State of Bavaria nbsp Markus SoderSoder III Minister President of Bavaria 16 March 2018 CSU Hubert Aiwanger Free Voters Deputy Minister PresidentUlrike Scharf CSU Additional Deputy Minister President nbsp Berlin nbsp Kai WegnerWegner Governing Mayor of Berlin 27 April 2023 CDU Franziska Giffey SPD MayorStefan Evers CDU Mayor nbsp Brandenburg nbsp Dietmar WoidkeWoidke III Minister President of Brandenburg 28 August 2013 SPD Michael Stubgen CDU First Deputy Minister PresidentUrsula Nonnenmacher Alliance 90 The Greens Second Deputy Minister President nbsp Free Hanseatic City of Bremen nbsp Andreas BovenschulteBovenschulte II President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen 15 August 2019 SPD Maike Schaefer Alliance 90 The Greens Deputy President of the Senate and Mayor nbsp Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg nbsp Peter TschentscherTschentscher II First Mayor of Hamburg 28 March 2018 SPD Katharina Fegebank Alliance 90 The Greens Second Mayor nbsp Hesse nbsp Boris RheinRhein II Minister President of Hesse 31 May 2022 CDU Kaweh Mansoori SPD Deputy Minister President nbsp Lower Saxony nbsp Stephan WeilWeil III Minister President of Lower Saxony 19 February 2013 SPD Julia Hamburg Alliance 90 The Greens Deputy Minister President nbsp Mecklenburg Vorpommern nbsp Manuela SchwesigSchwesig II Minister President of Mecklenburg Vorpommern 4 July 2017 SPD Simone Oldenburg The Left Deputy Minister President nbsp North Rhine Westphalia nbsp Hendrik WustWust II Minister President of North Rhine Westphalia 27 October 2021 CDU Mona Neubaur Alliance 90 The Greens Deputy Minister President nbsp Rhineland Palatinate nbsp Malu DreyerDreyer III Minister President of Rhineland Palatinate 16 January 2013 SPD Katharina Binz Alliance 90 The Greens Deputy Minister President nbsp Saarland nbsp Anke RehlingerRehlinger Minister President of Saarland 25 April 2022 SPD Jurgen Barke SPD Deputy Minister President nbsp Free State of Saxony nbsp Michael KretschmerKretschmer II Minister President of Saxony 13 December 2017 CDU Wolfram Gunther Alliance 90 The Greens First Deputy Minister PresidentMartin Dulig SPD Second Deputy Minister President nbsp Saxony Anhalt nbsp Reiner HaseloffHaseloff III Minister President of Saxony Anhalt 19 April 2011 CDU Armin Willingmann SPD First Deputy Minister PresidentLydia Huskens FDP Second Deputy Minister President nbsp Schleswig Holstein nbsp Daniel GuntherGunther II Minister President of Schleswig Holstein 28 June 2017 CDU Monika Heinold Alliance 90 The Greens Deputy Minister President nbsp Free State of Thuringia nbsp Bodo RamelowRamelow II Minister President of Thuringia 4 March 2020 The Left Georg Maier SPD First Deputy Minister PresidentAnja Siegesmund Alliance 90 The Greens Second Deputy Minister PresidentLists of former minister presidents editMinister Presidents of Baden Wurttemberg since 1952 edit Portrait Name Birth Death Term of Office Political Party Took office Left office Time in office 1 nbsp Reinhold Maier 1889 1971 25 April 1952 30 September 1953resigned 1 year 158 days FDP 2 nbsp Gebhard Muller 1900 1990 30 September 1953 17 December 1958resignedappointed to theFederal ConstitutionalCourt 5 years 78 days CDU 3 nbsp Kurt Georg Kiesinger 1904 1988 17 December 1958 1 December 1966resignedelected Chancellor 7 years 349 days CDU Deputy Minister President Wolfgang Haussmann FDP served as acting Minister President from 1 to 16 December 1966 4 nbsp Hans Filbinger 1913 2007 16 December 1966 30 August 1978resigned 11 years 257 days CDU 5 nbsp Lothar Spath 1937 2016 30 August 1978 22 January 1991resigned 12 years 145 days CDU 6 nbsp Erwin Teufel born 1939 22 January 1991 21 April 2005resigned 14 years 89 days CDU 7 nbsp Gunther Oettinger born 1953 21 April 2005 10 February 2010resignedappointed to theEuropeanCommission 4 years 295 days CDU 8 nbsp Stefan Mappus born 1966 10 February 2010 12 May 2011 1 year 91 days CDU 9 nbsp Winfried Kretschmann born 1948 12 May 2011 Incumbent 13 years 8 days Alliance 90 The Greens Minister Presidents of Bavaria since 1945 edit Portrait Name Birth Death Term of Office Political Party Took office Left office Time in office 1 nbsp Fritz Schaffer 1888 1967 28 May 1945 28 September 1945 123 days CSU 2 nbsp Wilhelm Hoegner 1887 1980 1st term 28 September 1945 16 December 1946 1 year 79 days SPD 3 nbsp Hans Ehard 1887 1980 1st term 21 December 1946 14 December 1954 7 years 358 days CSU 4 nbsp Wilhelm Hoegner 1887 1980 2nd term 14 December 1954 8 October 1957resigned 2 years 298 days SPD 5 nbsp Hanns Seidel 1901 1961 16 October 1957 22 January 1960resigned 2 years 98 days CSU 6 nbsp Hans Ehard 1887 1980 2nd term 26 January 1960 11 December 1962 2 years 319 days CSU 7 nbsp Alfons Goppel 1905 1991 11 December 1962 6 November 1978 15 years 330 days CSU 8 nbsp Franz Josef Strauss 1915 1988 6 November 1978 3 October 1988died in office 9 years 332 days CSU Deputy Minister President Max Streibl and President of the Landtag Franz Heubl both CSU served together as acting Minister Presidents from 3 to 19 October 1988 9 nbsp Max Streibl 1932 1998 19 October 1988 28 May 1993resigned 4 years 221 days CSU 10 nbsp Edmund Stoiber born 1941 28 May 1993 9 October 2007resigned 14 years 135 days CSU 11 nbsp Gunther Beckstein born 1943 9 October 2007 27 October 2008 1 year 18 days CSU 12 nbsp Horst Seehofer born 1949 27 October 2008 13 March 2018resignedappointedFederal Ministerof the Interior 9 years 140 days CSU Deputy Minister President Ilse Aigner and President of the Landtag Barbara Stamm both CSU served together as acting Minister Presidents from 13 to 16 March 2018 13 nbsp Markus Soder born 1967 16 March 2018 Incumbent 6 years 65 days CSU Governing Mayors of Berlin since 1948 West Berlin until 1990 91 edit Portrait Name Birth Death Term of Office Political Party Took office Left office Time in office 1 nbsp Ernst Reuter 1889 1953 7 December 1948 29 September 1953died in office 4 years 296 days SPD 2 nbsp Walther Schreiber 1884 1958 29 September 1953 11 January 1955 1 year 104 days CDU 3 nbsp Otto Suhr 1894 1957 11 January 1955 30 August 1957died in office 2 years 231 days SPD Mayor Franz Amrehn CDU served as acting Governing Mayor 30 August to 3 October 1957 4 nbsp Willy Brandt 1913 1992 3 October 1957 1 December 1966resignedappointedFederal Ministerfor Foreign Affairsand Vice Chancellor 9 years 59 days SPD 5 nbsp Heinrich Albertz 1915 1993 1 December 1966 19 October 1967resigned 322 days SPD 6 nbsp Klaus Schutz 1926 2012 19 October 1967 2 May 1977resigned 9 years 195 days SPD 7 nbsp Dietrich Stobbe 1938 2011 2 May 1977 23 January 1981resigned 3 years 266 days SPD 8 nbsp Hans Jochen Vogel 1926 2020 23 January 1981 11 June 1981 139 days SPD 9 nbsp Richard von Weizsacker 1920 2015 11 June 1981 9 February 1984resignedelectedPresident of Germany 2 years 243 days CDU 10 nbsp Eberhard Diepgen born 1941 1st term 9 February 1984 16 March 1989 5 years 35 days CDU 11 nbsp Walter Momper a born 1945 16 March 1989 24 January 1991 1 year 314 days SPD 12 nbsp Eberhard Diepgen born 1941 2nd term 24 January 1991 16 June 2001voted out of office bya voteof no confidence 10 years 143 days CDU 13 nbsp Klaus Wowereit born 1953 16 June 2001 11 December 2014resigned 13 years 178 days SPD 14 nbsp Michael Muller born 1964 11 December 2014 21 December 2021 7 years 10 days SPD 15 nbsp Franziska Giffey born 1978 21 December 2021 27 April 2023 1 year 127 days SPD 16 nbsp Kai Wegner born 1972 27 April 2023 Incumbent 1 year 23 days CDU Walter Momper was the last Governing Mayor of West Berlin Due to the German Reunification Treaty from 3 October 1990 on he and the Lord Mayor of East Berlin were equal collegial heads of state government for a transitional period until the formation of a new state government after the first state election in reunified Berlin The Lord Mayors of East Berlin during this period were Tino Schwierzina SPD 3 October 1990 11 January 1991 and Thomas Kruger acting SPD 11 24 January 1991 Since the unification of the previously divided city of Berlin in 1990 was in terms of constitutional law an accession of East Berlin to the area of application of the West Berlin state constitution there is a formal continuity of the Governing mayors of West Berlin before and after 1990 91 while the office of Lord Mayor of East Berlin was separate from it and ceased to exist in 1991 Minister Presidents of Brandenburg since 1990 edit Portrait Name Born Died Term of Office Political Party Took Office Left Office Days 1 nbsp Manfred Stolpe 1936 2019 1 November 1990 26 June 2002resigned 11 years 237 days SPD 2 nbsp Matthias Platzeck born 1953 26 June 2002 28 August 2013resigned 11 years 63 days SPD 3 nbsp Dietmar Woidke born 1961 28 August 2013 Incumbent 10 years 266 days SPD Presidents of the Senate and Mayors of Bremen since 1945 edit Portrait Name Born Died Term of Office Political Party Took Office Left Office Days 1 Erich Vagts 1884 1967 2 May 1945 31 July 1945 90 days Independent 2 nbsp Wilhelm Kaisen 1887 1979 31 July 1945 20 July 1965 19 years 354 days SPD 3 nbsp Willy Dehnkamp 1903 1985 20 July 1965 28 November 1967 2 years 141 days SPD 4 nbsp Hans Koschnick 1929 2016 28 November 1967 18 September 1985 17 years 294 days SPD 5 nbsp Klaus Wedemeier born 1944 18 September 1985 4 July 1995 9 years 289 days SPD 6 nbsp Henning Scherf born 1938 4 July 1995 8 November 2005resigned 10 years 127 days SPD 7 nbsp Jens Bohrnsen born 1949 8 November 2005 17 July 2015 9 years 251 days SPD 8 nbsp Carsten Sieling born 1959 17 July 2015 15 August 2019 4 years 29 days SPD 9 nbsp Andreas Bovenschulte born 1965 15 August 2019 Incumbent 4 years 279 days SPD First Mayors of Hamburg since 1946 edit Portrait Name Born Died Term of Office Political Party Took Office Left Office Days 1 nbsp Max Brauer 1887 1973 1st term 22 November 1946 2 December 1953replaced bya constructive voteof no confidence 7 years 10 days SPD 2 nbsp Kurt Sieveking 1897 1986 2 December 1953 4 December 1957 4 years 2 days CDU 3 nbsp Max Brauer 1887 1973 2nd term 4 December 1957 31 December 1960resigned 3 years 27 days SPD 4 nbsp Paul Nevermann 1902 1979 1 January 1961 9 June 1965resigned 4 years 159 days SPD 5 nbsp Herbert Weichmann 1896 1983 9 June 1965 9 June 1971resigned 6 years 0 days SPD 6 nbsp Peter Schulz 1930 2013 9 June 1971 12 November 1974 3 years 156 days SPD 7 nbsp Hans Ulrich Klose 1937 2023 12 November 1974 24 June 1981resigned 6 years 224 days SPD 8 nbsp Klaus von Dohnanyi born 1928 24 June 1981 8 June 1988 6 years 350 days SPD 9 nbsp Henning Voscherau 1941 2016 8 June 1988 12 November 1997 9 years 157 days SPD 10 nbsp Ortwin Runde born 1944 12 November 1997 31 October 2001 3 years 353 days SPD 11 nbsp Ole von Beust born 1955 31 October 2001 25 August 2010resigned 8 years 298 days CDU 12 nbsp Christoph Ahlhaus born 1969 25 August 2010 7 March 2011 194 days CDU 13 nbsp Olaf Scholz born 1958 7 March 2011 13 March 2018resignedappointedFederal Minister of Financeand Vice Chancellor 7 years 6 days SPD Second Mayor Katharina Fegebank Alliance 90 The Greens served as acting First Mayor from 13 March to 28 March 2018 14 nbsp Peter Tschentscher born 1966 28 March 2018 Incumbent 6 years 53 days SPD Minister Presidents of Hesse since 1946 edit Portrait Name Born Died Term of Office Political Party Took Office Left Office Days 1 nbsp Christian Stock 1884 1967 20 December 1946 14 December 1950 3 years 359 days SPD 2 nbsp Georg August Zinn 1901 1976 14 December 1950 3 October 1969 18 years 293 days SPD 3 nbsp Albert Osswald 1919 1996 3 October 1969 16 October 1976resigned 7 years 13 days SPD 4 nbsp Holger Borner 1931 2006 16 October 1976 23 April 1987 10 years 189 days SPD 5 nbsp Walter Wallmann 1932 2013 23 April 1987 5 April 1991 3 years 347 days CDU 6 nbsp Hans Eichel born 1941 5 April 1991 7 April 1999 8 years 2 days SPD 7 nbsp Roland Koch born 1958 7 April 1999 31 August 2010resigned 11 years 146 days CDU 8 nbsp Volker Bouffier born 1951 31 August 2010 31 May 2022resigned 11 years 273 days CDU 9 nbsp Boris Rhein born 1972 31 May 2022 Incumbent 1 year 355 days CDU Minister Presidents of Lower Saxony since 1946 edit Portrait Name Born Died Term of Office Political Party Took Office Left Office Days 1 nbsp Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf 1893 1961 1st term 9 December 1946 26 May 1955 8 years 168 days SPD 2 Heinrich Hellwege 1908 1991 26 May 1955 12 May 1959 3 years 351 days German Party 3 nbsp Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf 1893 1961 2nd term 12 May 1959 21 December 1961died in office 2 years 223 days SPD Deputy Minister President Hermann Ahrens GB BHE served as acting Minister President from 21 to 29 December 1961 4 nbsp Georg Diederichs 1900 1983 29 December 1961 8 July 1970 8 years 191 days SPD 5 nbsp Alfred Kubel 1909 1999 8 July 1970 6 February 1976resigned 5 years 213 days SPD 6 nbsp Ernst Albrecht 1930 2014 6 February 1976 21 June 1990 14 years 135 days CDU 7 nbsp Gerhard Schroder born 1944 21 June 1990 28 October 1998resignedelected Chancellor 8 years 129 days SPD 8 Gerhard Glogowski born 1943 28 October 1998 15 October 1999resigned 352 days SPD 9 nbsp Sigmar Gabriel born 1959 15 October 1999 4 March 2003 3 years 140 days SPD 10 nbsp Christian Wulff born 1959 4 March 2003 30 June 2010resignedelected President of Germany 7 years 118 days CDU Deputy Minister President Jorg Bode FDP served as acting Minister President from 30 June to 1 July 2010 11 nbsp David McAllister born 1971 1 July 2010 19 February 2013 2 years 233 days CDU 12 nbsp Stephan Weil born 1958 19 February 2013 Incumbent 11 years 91 days SPD Minister Presidents of Mecklenburg Vorpommern since 1990 edit Portrait Name Born Died Term Party Took office Left office Days 1 nbsp Alfred Gomolka 1942 2020 27 October 1990 19 March 1992resigned 1 year 144 days CDU 2 nbsp Berndt Seite born 1940 19 March 1992 3 November 1998 6 years 229 days CDU 3 nbsp Harald Ringstorff 1939 2020 3 November 1998 6 October 2008resigned 9 years 338 days SPD 4 nbsp Erwin Sellering born 1949 6 October 2008 4 July 2017resigned 8 years 271 days SPD 5 nbsp Manuela Schwesig born 1974 4 July 2017 Incumbent 6 years 321 days SPD Minister Presidents of North Rhine Westphalia since 1946 edit Portrait Name Born Died Term of Office Political Party Took Office Left Office Days 1 nbsp Rudolf Amelunxen 1888 1969 23 August 1946 17 June 1947 298 days Non partisan until 1947 Centre Party from 1947 2 nbsp Karl Arnold 1901 1958 17 June 1947 20 February 1956replacedby a constructive voteof no confidence 8 years 248 days CDU 3 nbsp Fritz Steinhoff 1897 1969 20 February 1956 21 July 1958 2 years 151 days SPD 4 nbsp Franz Meyers 1908 2002 21 July 1958 8 December 1966replacedby a constructive voteof no confidence 8 years 140 days CDU 5 nbsp Heinz Kuhn 1912 1992 8 December 1966 20 September 1978 11 years 286 days SPD 6 nbsp Johannes Rau 1931 2006 20 September 1978 27 May 1998resigned 19 years 249 days SPD 7 nbsp Wolfgang Clement 1940 2020 27 May 1998 22 October 2002resignedappointed Federal Ministerfor the Economyand Labour 4 years 148 days SPD Deputy Minister President Michael Vesper Alliance 90 The Greens served as acting Minister President from 22 October to 6 November 2002 8 nbsp Peer Steinbruck born 1947 6 November 2002 22 June 2005 2 years 228 days SPD 9 nbsp Jurgen Ruttgers born 1951 22 June 2005 14 July 2010 5 years 22 days CDU 10 nbsp Hannelore Kraft born 1961 14 July 2010 27 June 2017 6 years 348 days SPD 11 nbsp Armin Laschet born 1961 27 June 2017 26 October 2021resignedelected to the Bundestag 4 years 121 days CDU Deputy Minister President Joachim Stamp FDP served as acting Minister President from 26 to 27 October 2021 12 nbsp Hendrik Wust born 1975 27 October 2021 Incumbent 2 years 206 days CDU Minister Presidents of Rhineland Palatinate since 1946 edit Portrait Name Born Died Term of Office Political Party Took Office Left Office Days 1 Wilhelm Boden 1890 1961 1 December 1946 9 July 1947 220 days CDU 2 nbsp Peter Altmeier 1899 1977 9 July 1947 19 May 1969 21 years 314 days CDU 3 nbsp Helmut Kohl 1930 2017 19 May 1969 2 December 1976resignedelected to the Bundestag 7 years 197 days CDU 4 nbsp Bernhard Vogel born 1932 2 December 1976 8 December 1988resigned 12 years 6 days CDU 5 nbsp Carl Ludwig Wagner 1930 2012 8 December 1988 21 May 1991 2 years 164 days CDU 6 nbsp Rudolf Scharping born 1947 21 May 1991 26 October 1994resignedelected to the Bundestag 3 years 158 days SPD 7 nbsp Kurt Beck born 1949 26 October 1994 16 January 2013resigned 18 years 82 days SPD 8 nbsp Malu Dreyer born 1961 16 January 2013 Incumbent 11 years 125 days SPD Minister Presidents of Saarland since 1947 joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957 edit Portrait Name born and died Term of office Political party Took office Left office Days 1 nbsp Johannes Hoffmann 1890 1967 20 December 1947 29 October 1955resigned 7 years 313 days CVP 2 Heinrich Welsch 1888 1976 29 October 1955 10 January 1956 73 days Independent 3 nbsp Hubert Ney a 1892 1984 10 January 1956 4 June 1957resigned 1 year 145 days CDU 4 Egon Reinert 1908 1959 4 June 1957 23 April 1959died in office 1 year 323 days CDU 5 nbsp Franz Josef Roder 1909 1979 23 April 1959 26 June 1979died in office 20 years 64 days CDU Deputy Minister President Werner Klumpp FDP served as acting Minister President from 26 June to 5 July 1979 6 nbsp Werner Zeyer 1929 2000 5 July 1979 9 April 1985 5 years 278 days CDU 7 nbsp Oskar Lafontaine born 1943 9 April 1985 10 November 1998resignedappointed Federal Ministerof Finance 13 years 215 days SPD 8 nbsp Reinhard Klimmt born 1942 10 November 1998 29 September 1999 323 days SPD 9 nbsp Peter Muller born 1955 29 September 1999 10 August 2011resignedappointed to theFederal Constitutional Court 11 years 315 days CDU 10 nbsp Annegret Kramp Karrenbauer born 1962 10 August 2011 1 March 2018resigned 6 years 203 days CDU 11 nbsp Tobias Hans born 1978 1 March 2018 25 April 2022 4 years 55 days CDU 12 nbsp Anke Rehlinger born 1976 25 April 2022 Incumbent 2 years 25 days SPD On 1 January 1957 Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany as its 10th state Therefore Ney was both the last minister president of the partly sovereign Saar Protectorate and the first of Saarland as a German state Minister Presidents of Saxony since 1990 edit Portrait Name Birth Death Term of Office Political Party Took Office Left Office Days 1 nbsp Kurt Biedenkopf 1930 2021 27 October 1990 18 April 2002resigned 11 years 173 days CDU 2 nbsp Georg Milbradt born 1945 18 April 2002 28 May 2008resigned 6 years 40 days CDU 3 nbsp Stanislaw Tillich born 1959 28 May 2008 13 December 2017resigned 9 years 199 days CDU 4 nbsp Michael Kretschmer born 1975 13 December 2017 Incumbent 6 years 159 days CDU Minister Presidents of Saxony Anhalt since 1990 edit Portrait Name Born Died Term of Office Political Party Took Office Left Office Days 1 nbsp Gerd Gies born 1943 28 October 1990 4 July 1991resigned 249 days CDU 2 nbsp Werner Munch born 1940 4 July 1991 2 December 1993resigned 2 years 151 days CDU 3 nbsp Christoph Bergner born 1948 2 December 1993 21 June 1994 201 days CDU 4 nbsp Reinhard Hoppner 1948 2014 21 June 1994 16 May 2002 7 years 329 days SPD 5 nbsp Wolfgang Bohmer born 1936 16 May 2002 19 April 2011 8 years 338 days CDU 6 nbsp Reiner Haseloff born 1954 19 April 2011 Incumbent 13 years 31 days CDU Minister Presidents of Schleswig Holstein since 1946 edit Portrait Name Born Died Term of Office Political Party Took Office Left Office Days 1 Theodor Steltzer 1885 1967 12 September 1946 29 April 1947 229 days CDU 2 nbsp Hermann Ludemann 1880 1959 29 April 1947 29 August 1949 2 years 122 days SPD 3 Bruno Diekmann 1897 1982 29 August 1949 5 September 1950 1 year 7 days SPD 4 nbsp Walter Bartram 1893 1971 5 September 1950 25 June 1951resigned 293 days CDU 5 Friedrich Wilhelm Lubke 1887 1954 25 June 1951 11 October 1954resigned 3 years 108 days CDU 6 nbsp Kai Uwe von Hassel 1913 1997 11 October 1954 14 January 1963resignedappointed Federal Ministerof Defence 8 years 95 days CDU 7 nbsp Helmut Lemke 1907 1990 14 January 1963 24 May 1971 8 years 130 days CDU 8 nbsp Gerhard Stoltenberg 1928 2001 24 May 1971 14 October 1982resignedappointed Federal Ministerof Finance 11 years 143 days CDU 9 nbsp Uwe Barschel 1944 1987 14 October 1982 2 October 1987resigned 4 years 353 days CDU Deputy Minister President Henning Schwarz CDU served as acting Minister President from 2 October 1987 to 31 May 1988 10 nbsp Bjorn Engholm born 1939 31 May 1988 19 May 1993resigned 4 years 353 days SPD 11 nbsp Heide Simonis 1943 2023 19 May 1993 27 April 2005 11 years 343 days SPD 12 nbsp Peter Harry Carstensen born 1947 27 April 2005 12 June 2012 7 years 46 days CDU 13 nbsp Torsten Albig born 1963 12 June 2012 28 June 2017 5 years 16 days SPD 14 nbsp Daniel Gunther born 1973 28 June 2017 Incumbent 6 years 327 days CDU Minister Presidents of Thuringia since 1990 edit Portrait Name Born Died Term of Office Political Party Took office Left office Days 1 nbsp Josef Duchac born 1938 8 November 1990 5 February 1992resigned 1 year 89 days CDU 2 nbsp Bernhard Vogel born 1932 5 February 1992 5 June 2003resigned 11 years 120 days CDU 3 nbsp Dieter Althaus born 1958 5 June 2003 30 October 2009 6 years 147 days CDU 4 nbsp Christine Lieberknecht born 1958 30 October 2009 5 December 2014 5 years 36 days CDU 5 nbsp Bodo Ramelow born 1956 1st term 5 December 2014 5 February 2020 5 years 62 days The Left 6 nbsp Thomas Kemmerich born 1965 5 February 2020 4 March 2020resigned 28 days FDP 7 nbsp Bodo Ramelow born 1956 2nd term 4 March 2020 Incumbent 4 years 77 days The LeftDefunct states editState Presidents of Baden 1947 1952 edit Portrait Name Birth Death Term of Office Political Party Took office Left office Time in office nbsp Leo Wohleb 1888 1955 24 July 1947 25 April 1952state was mergedintoBaden Wurttemberg 4 years 276 days CDU Minister Presidents of Wurttemberg Baden 1945 1952 edit Portrait Name Birth Death Term of Office Political Party Took Office Left Office Days Reinhold Maier 1889 1971 19 September 1945 25 April 1952state was mergedinto Baden Wurttemberg 6 years 219 days FDP State Presidents of Wurttemberg Hohenzollern 1945 1952 edit Portrait Name Birth Death Term of Office Political Party Took Office Left Office Days 1 nbsp Carlo Schmid 1896 1979 16 October 1945 22 July 1947 1 year 279 days SPD 2 nbsp Lorenz Bock 1883 1948 22 July 1947 3 August 1948died in office 1 year 12 days CDU Deputy State President Carlo Schmid SPD served as acting State President from 3 to 13 August 1948 3 nbsp Gebhard Muller 1900 1990 13 August 1948 25 April 1952state was mergedintoBaden Wurttemberg 3 years 256 days CDUTrivia editThe office of a minister president is both highly prestigious in its own right and acts as a potential career springboard for German politicians Three out of twelve Presidents of Germany have been head of a state before becoming President Richard von Weizsacker Governing Mayor of Berlin 1981 1984 Johannes Rau Minister President of North Rhine Westphalia 1978 1998 Christian Wulff Minister President of Lower Saxony 2003 2010 One out of 13 Presidents of the Bundestag has been head of a state before becoming President Kai Uwe von Hassel Minister President of Schleswig Holstein 1954 1963 Five out of nine Chancellors of Germany have been head of a state before becoming Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger Minister President of Baden Wurttemberg 1958 1966 Willy Brandt Governing Mayor of West Berlin 1957 1966 Helmut Kohl Minister President of Rhineland Palatinate 1969 1976 Gerhard Schroder Minister President of Lower Saxony 1990 1998 Olaf Scholz First Mayor of Hamburg 2011 2018 One out of ten Presidents of the Federal Constitutional Court has been head of a state before becoming President Gebhard Muller State President of Wurttemberg Hohenzollern 1948 1952 Minister President of Baden Wurttemberg 1953 1958 Many more minister presidents went on to become members of the federal government EU institutions or associate judges of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany for example The three longest serving office holders were Peter Altmeier Minister President of Rhineland Palatinate 1947 1969 21 years 314 days Franz Josef Roder Minister President of Saarland 1959 1979 20 years 64 days Wilhelm Kaisen President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen 1945 1965 19 years 354 days The three shortest serving office holders were Thomas Kemmerich Minister President of Thuringia 2020 28 days Heinrich Welsch Minister President of Saarland 1955 1956 73 days Erich Vagts President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen 1945 90 days There have been eight female heads of a German state Heide Simonis Minister President of Schleswig Holstein 1993 2005 Christine Lieberknecht Minister President of Thuringia 2009 2014 Hannelore Kraft Minister President of North Rhine Westphalia 2010 2017 Annegret Kramp Karrenbauer Minister President of Saarland 2011 2018 Malu Dreyer Minister President of Rhineland Palatinate incumbent since 2013 Manuela Schwesig Minister President of Mecklenburg Vorpommern incumbent since 2017 Franziska Giffey Governing Mayor of Berlin 2021 2023 Anke Rehlinger Minister President of Saarland incumbent since 2022 One person has managed to become Minister President of two different states which did not merge into one another Bernhard Vogel Minister President of Rhineland Palatinate 1976 1988 and Minister President of Thuringia 1992 2003 Two persons have been minister presidents of two states before and after they had merged into one another Reinhold Maier Minister President of Wurttemberg Baden 1945 1952 Minister President of Baden Wurttemberg 1952 1953 Gebhard Muller State President of Wurttemberg Hohenzollern 1948 1952 Minister President of Baden Wurttemberg 1953 1958 So far there has been already one Minister President from a recognized national minority Stanislaw Tillich who served as Minister President of Saxony between 2008 and 2017 is of Sorbian origin and speaks Sorbian and German as his mother tongue David McAllister who served as the Minister President of Lower Saxony between 2010 and 2013 has been the first office holder with dual nationality Germany and United Kingdom The vast majority former minister presidents have been members of Germany s two biggest political parties the center right CDU or in Bavaria its sister party CSU and the center left SPD However all german parties currently represented in the Bundestag apart from the AfD have at least once provided a minister president Alliance 90 The Greens Winfried Kretschmann Minister President of Baden Wurttemberg since 2011 Free Democratic Party of Germany FDP Reinhold Maier Minister President of Wurttemberg Baden 1945 1952 Minister President of Baden Wurttemberg 1952 1953 Thomas Kemmerich Minister President of Thuringia 2020 The Left Bodo Ramelow Minister President of Thuringia 2014 2020 and since 2020 See also editMinisterprasident Prussia References edit According to the Bremen state constitution the Senate the Bremen state government includes two mayors one of whom also holds the position of President of the Senate The President of the Senate is the head of government de facto whose role corresponds to that of a minister president in the other german states while the other mayor is his or her deputy Regardless in informal contexts or in the media the President of the Senate is often simply called mayor although what actually matters is the title of President of the Senate Verfassung des Landes Baden Wurttemberg vom 11 November 1953 GBl S 173 PDF Lpb bw de Retrieved 12 November 2018 Bayerische Verfassung PDF Uni augsburg de Archived from the original PDF on 7 October 2011 Retrieved 12 November 2018 Verfassung von Berlin Vom 23 November 1995 PDF Datenschutz fu berlin de Retrieved 12 November 2018 Verfassung des Landes Brandenburg Bravors brandenburg de Retrieved 12 November 2018 Landesverfassung der Freien Hansestadt Bremen PDF Bremische buergerschaft de Retrieved 12 November 2018 Landesrecht Justiz Portal Hamburg Landesrecht hamburg de Retrieved 12 November 2018 Verfassung des Landes Hessen PDF Starweb hessen de Retrieved 12 November 2018 VORIS Artikel 29 Verf ND Landesnorm Niedersachsen Regierungsbildung Niedersachsische Verfassung vom 19 Mai 1993 gultig ab 01 06 1993 Nds voris de Retrieved 12 November 2018 Verfassung Des Landes Mecklenburg Vorpommern PDF Landtag mv de Archived from the original PDF on 1 December 2017 Retrieved 12 November 2018 Verfssung der North Rhine Westphalia PDF Krefeld de Archived from the original PDF on 26 October 2018 Retrieved 12 November 2018 Verfassung fur Rheinland Pfalz PDF Rlp de Retrieved 12 November 2018 Verfassung des Saarlandes SVerf vom 15 Dezember 1947 zuletzt geandert durch das Gesetz vom 13 Juli 2016 Amtsbl I S 178 PDF Landtag saar de Archived from the original PDF on 26 October 2018 Retrieved 12 November 2018 REVOSax Landesrecht Sachsen Verfassung Revosax sachsen de Archived from the original on 22 March 2019 Retrieved 12 November 2018 Landesrecht Sachsen Anhalt Verf ST Landesnorm Sachsen Anhalt Gesamtausgabe Verfassung des Landes Sachsen Anhalt vom 16 Juli 1992 gultig ab 18 07 1992 Landesrecht sachsen anhalt de Retrieved 12 November 2018 Gesetze Rechtsprechung Schleswig Holstein Verf SH 2014 Landesnorm Schleswig Holstein Gesamtausgabe Verfassung des Landes Schleswig Holstein in der Fassung vom 2 Dezember 2014 gultig ab 11 12 2014 Gesetze rechtsprechung sh juris de Retrieved 12 November 2018 Landesrecht TH Verf TH Landesnorm Thuringen Gesamtausgabe Verfassung des Freistaats Thuringen vom 25 Oktober 1993 gultig ab 30 10 1993 Landtag thueringen de Retrieved 12 November 2018 Inkompatibilitaten mit dem Bundestagsmandat PDF Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Minister president Germany amp oldid 1221390172, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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