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Erythranthe guttata

January 01, 1970

Erythranthe guttata, with the common names seep monkeyflower and common yellow monkeyflower, is a yellow bee-pollinated annual or perennial plant. It was formerly known as Mimulus guttatus.[1][2][3][4][5]

Erythranthe guttata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Phrymaceae
Genus: Erythranthe
Species:
E. guttata
Binomial name
Erythranthe guttata
(Fisch. DC.) G.L.Nesom
Synonyms[1]
  • Mimulus guttatus Fisch. ex DC.
  • Mimulus langsdorffii var. guttatus (Fisch. ex DC.) Jeps.

Erythranthe guttata is a model organism for biological studies, and in that context is still referred to as Mimulus guttatus.[6] There may be as many as 1000 scientific papers focused on this species. The genome is (as of 2012) being studied in depth.[7]

For combined research of evolution, genetics, and ecology, particularly plant-insect interactions, the yellow monkeyflower has become a model system. With the help of physically resistant protections called trichomes, which have been thoroughly examined, the yellow monkeyflower defends itself against herbivores.[8]

Description edit

 
The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots. The opening to the flower is hairy.

A highly variable plant, taking many forms, E. guttata is a species complex in that there is room to treat some of its forms as different species by some definitions.[9]

The plant ranges from 10 to 80 centimetres (4 to 31+1⁄2 in) tall with disproportionately large, 2 to 4 cm long, tubular flowers. The perennial form spreads with stolons or rhizomes. The stem may be erect or recumbent. In the latter form, roots may develop at leaf nodes. Sometimes dwarfed, it may be hairless or have some hairs.

Leaves are opposite, round to oval, usually coarsely and irregularly toothed or lobed. The bright yellow flowers are born on a raceme, most often with five or more flowers.

The calyx has five lobes that are much shorter than the flower. Each flower has bilateral symmetry and has two lips. The upper lip usually has two lobes; the lower, three. The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots (hence the name guttata, which is Latin for 'spotted').[10] The opening to the flower is hairy.[2][11][12][13][14][15]

Erythranthe guttata is pollinated by bees, such as Bombus species. Inbreeding reduces flower quantity and size and pollen quality and quantity. E. guttata also displays a high degree of self-pollination.[16][17] Erythranthe nasuta (Mimulus nasutus) evolved from E. guttata in central California between 200,000 and 500,000 years ago and since then has become primarily a self-pollinator. Other differences have occurred since then, such as genetic code variations and variations in plant morphology.[18][19] E. guttata prefers a wetter habitat than E. nasuta.[20]

Distribution and habitat edit

A herbaceous wildflower, Erythranthe guttata grows along the banks of streams and seeps throughout much of western North America from sea level to 12,000 feet (3,700 m).[21][22] Both annual and perennial forms occur throughout the species' range. It blooms during spring at low elevations, during summer at high elevations.[21]

It is found in a wide range of habitats including the splash zone of the Pacific Ocean, the chaparral of California, Western U.S. deserts, the geysers of Yellowstone National Park, alpine meadows, serpentine barrens, and even on the toxic tailings of copper mines. It is also very common in New Zealand near water bodies.[23]

The flower is also an introduced species in the Faroe islands [24][25]

Cultivation edit

Erythranthe guttata is cultivated in the specialty horticulture trade and available as an ornamental plant for: traditional gardens; natural landscape, native plant, and habitat gardens.

Uses edit

The leaves are edible, both raw and cooked.[26][27] Leaves are sometimes added to salads as a lettuce substitute, they have a slight bitter flavour.[28]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Barker, W.R.; Nesom, G.L.; Beardsley, P.M.; Fraga, N.S. (2012), "A taxonomic conspectus of Phrymaceae: A narrowed circumscriptions for Mimulus, new and resurrected genera, and new names and combinations" (PDF), Phytoneuron, 2012–39: 1–60
  2. ^ a b Giblin, David, ed. (2015). "Erythranthe guttata". WTU Herbarium Image Collection. Burke Museum, University of Washington. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
  3. ^ Beardsley, P. M.; Yen, Alan; Olmstead, R. G. (2003). "AFLP Phylogeny of Mimulus Section Erythranthe and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination". Evolution. 57 (6): 1397–1410. doi:10.1554/02-086. JSTOR 3448862. PMID 12894947. S2CID 198154155.
  4. ^ Beardsley, P. M.; Olmstead, R. G. (2002). "Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of Mimulus, tribe Mimuleae, and Phryma". American Journal of Botany. 89 (7): 1093–1102. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.7.1093. JSTOR 4122195. PMID 21665709.
  5. ^ Beardsley, P. M.; Schoenig, Steve E.; Whittall, Justen B.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2004). "Patterns of Evolution in Western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 91 (3): 474–4890. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.3.474. JSTOR 4123743. PMID 21653403. S2CID 11035527.
  6. ^ Lowry, David B.; Sobel, James M.; Angert, Amy L.; Ashman, Tia-Lynn; Baker, Robert L.; Blackman, Benjamin K.; Brandvain, Yaniv; Byers, Kelsey J.R.P.; Cooley, Arielle M.; Coughlan, Jennifer M.; Dudash, Michele R. (2019-11-15). "The case for the continued use of the genus name Mimulus for all monkeyflowers". Taxon. 68 (4): 617–623. doi:10.1002/tax.12122. hdl:20.500.11820/cac4d1b0-516a-4027-bab9-b8fdcdca892b. ISSN 0040-0262. S2CID 208584689.
  7. ^ . Mimulus Evolution. Archived from the original on 2020-08-10. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
  8. ^ Keefover-Ring, Ken; Holeski, Liza M.; Bowers, M. Deane; Clauss, Allen D.; Lindroth, Richard L. (2014-12-01). "Phenylpropanoid glycosides of Mimulus guttatus (yellow monkeyflower)". Phytochemistry Letters. 10: 132–139. Bibcode:2014PChL...10..132K. doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2014.08.016. ISSN 1874-3900.
  9. ^ Fishman, Lila; Kelly, Alan J.; Morgan, Emily; Willis, John H. (2001). "A Genetic Map in the Mimulus guttatus Species Complex Reveals Transmission Ratio Distortion due to Heterospecific Interactions". Genetics. 159 (4): 1701–1716. doi:10.1093/genetics/159.4.1701. PMC 1461909. PMID 11779808.
  10. ^ Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 48. ISBN 0-87842-280-3. OCLC 25708726.
  11. ^ Klinkenberg, Brian, ed. (2014). . E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Archived from the original on 2017-06-26. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
  12. ^ "Mimulus guttatus". Jepson eFlora: Taxon page. Jepson Herbarium; University of California, Berkeley. 2015. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
  13. ^ "Mimulus guttatus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
  14. ^ Pojar, Jim; Andy MacKinnon (2004). Plants Of The Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska. Lone Pine Publishing. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-55105-530-5.
  15. ^ Turner, Mark; Phyllis Gustafson (2006). Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-88192-745-0.
  16. ^ Carr, David E.; Roulston, T'ai H.; Hart, Haley (2014). "Inbreeding in Mimulus guttatus Reduces Visitation by Bumble Bee Pollinators". PLOS ONE. 9 (7): e101463. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j1463C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101463. PMC 4103763. PMID 25036035.
  17. ^ Ritland, Kermit (1989). "Correlated Matings in the Partial Selfer Mimulus guttatus". Evolution. 43 (4): 848–859. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb05182.x. JSTOR 2409312. PMID 28564194. S2CID 6227723.
  18. ^ Brandvain, Yaniv; Kenney, Amanda M.; Flagel, Lex; Coop, Graham; Sweigert, Andrea L. (2014). "Speciation and Introgression between Mimulus nasutus and Mimulus guttatus". PLOS Genetics. 10 (6): e1004410. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004410. PMC 4072524. PMID 24967630.
  19. ^ Dole, Jefferey A. (1992). "Reproductive Assurance Mechanisms in Three Taxa of the Mimulus guttatus Complex (Scrophulariaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 79 (6): 650–659. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1992.tb14607.x. JSTOR 2444881.
  20. ^ Kiang, Y. T.; Hamrick, J. L. (1978). "Reproductive Isolation in the Mimulus guttatus M. nasutus Complex". The American Midland Naturalist. 100 (2): 269–276. doi:10.2307/2424826. JSTOR 2424826.
  21. ^ a b Sullivan, Steven. K. (2015). "Mimulus guttatus". Wildflower Search. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
  22. ^ "Mimulus guttatus". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture; Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2015. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
  23. ^ "Erythranthe guttata". Retrieved 2019-09-01.
  24. ^ Jensen, J.-K., Thorning-Lund, F. and Hammer, S. (2023), Supplement to Faroe Islands botanical list with 64 species or subspecies including rare, new and potentially invasive species with comments. Nordic Journal of Botany, 2023: e03586. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.03586
  25. ^ "Danskar apur í Tjóðveldisgjónni". Danskar apur í Tjóðveldisgjónni. Retrieved 2023-08-28.
  26. ^ Tanaka. T. Tanaka's Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World. Keigaku Publishing 1976
  27. ^ Arnberger. L. P. Flowers of the Southwest Mountains. Southwestern Monuments Ass. 1968
  28. ^ Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications 1990 ISBN 0-9628087-0-9

External links edit

  •   Media related to Erythranthe guttata at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Data related to Erythranthe guttata at Wikispecies
  • Calflora: Mimulus guttatus (Seep Monkey Flower, Yellow Monkey Flower, common yellow monkeyflower)
  • University of Michigan - Dearborn, Native American Ethnobotany:
  • Mimulus Genome Browser - for genetics researchers
  • Mimulus guttatus — UC Photos gallery
  • Twyford, Alex D.; Streisfeld, Matthew A.; Lowry, David B.; Friedman, Jannice (2015-06-01). "Genomic studies on the nature of species: adaptation and speciation in Mimulus". Molecular Ecology. 24 (11): 2601–2609. Bibcode:2015MolEc..24.2601T. doi:10.1111/mec.13190. ISSN 1365-294X. PMID 25856725. S2CID 41760029.
  • Lee, Young Wha; Fishman, Lila; Kelly, John K.; Willis, John H. (2016-04-01). "A Segregating Inversion Generates Fitness Variation in Yellow Monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus)". Genetics. 202 (4): 1473–1484. doi:10.1534/genetics.115.183566. ISSN 0016-6731. PMC 4905537. PMID 26868767.
  • Lee, Young Wha; Fishman, Lila; Kelly, John K.; Willis, John H. (2016-01-01). "Fitness Variation Is Generated by a Segregating Inversion in Yellow Monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus)". Genetics. 202 (4): 1473–1484. doi:10.1534/genetics.115.183566. ISSN 0016-6731. PMC 4905537. PMID 26868767.
  • Peterson, Megan L.; Kay, Kathleen M.; Angert, Amy L. (2016-07-01). "The scale of local adaptation in Mimulus guttatus: comparing life history races, ecotypes, and populations". New Phytologist. 211 (1): 345–356. doi:10.1111/nph.13971. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 27102088.
  • Friedman, Jannice; Hart, Katherine S.; Bakker, Meghan C. den (2017-02-01). "Losing one's touch: Evolution of the touch-sensitive stigma in the Mimulus guttatus species complex". American Journal of Botany. 104 (2): 335–341. doi:10.3732/ajb.1600394. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 28202451.
  • Stanton, Kimmy A.; Edger, Patrick P.; Puzey, Joshua R.; Kinser, Taliesin; Cheng, Philip; Vernon, Daniel M.; Forsthoefel, Nancy R.; Cooley, Arielle M. (2017-01-01). "A Whole Transcriptome Approach to Evaluating Reference Genes for Quantitative Gene Expression Studies: A Case Study in Mimulus". G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. 7 (4): 1085–1095. doi:10.1534/g3.116.038075. ISSN 2160-1836. PMC 5386857. PMID 28258113.

January 01, 1970
erythranthe, guttata, with, common, names, seep, monkeyflower, common, yellow, monkeyflower, yellow, pollinated, annual, perennial, plant, formerly, known, mimulus, guttatus, scientific, classification, kingdom, plantae, clade, tracheophytes, clade, angiosperm. Erythranthe guttata with the common names seep monkeyflower and common yellow monkeyflower is a yellow bee pollinated annual or perennial plant It was formerly known as Mimulus guttatus 1 2 3 4 5 Erythranthe guttata Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Lamiales Family Phrymaceae Genus Erythranthe Species E guttata Binomial name Erythranthe guttata Fisch DC G L Nesom Synonyms 1 Mimulus guttatus Fisch ex DC Mimulus langsdorffii var guttatus Fisch ex DC Jeps Erythranthe guttata is a model organism for biological studies and in that context is still referred to as Mimulus guttatus 6 There may be as many as 1000 scientific papers focused on this species The genome is as of 2012 being studied in depth 7 For combined research of evolution genetics and ecology particularly plant insect interactions the yellow monkeyflower has become a model system With the help of physically resistant protections called trichomes which have been thoroughly examined the yellow monkeyflower defends itself against herbivores 8 Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Cultivation 4 Uses 5 References 6 External linksDescription edit nbsp The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots The opening to the flower is hairy A highly variable plant taking many forms E guttata is a species complex in that there is room to treat some of its forms as different species by some definitions 9 The plant ranges from 10 to 80 centimetres 4 to 31 1 2 in tall with disproportionately large 2 to 4 cm long tubular flowers The perennial form spreads with stolons or rhizomes The stem may be erect or recumbent In the latter form roots may develop at leaf nodes Sometimes dwarfed it may be hairless or have some hairs Leaves are opposite round to oval usually coarsely and irregularly toothed or lobed The bright yellow flowers are born on a raceme most often with five or more flowers The calyx has five lobes that are much shorter than the flower Each flower has bilateral symmetry and has two lips The upper lip usually has two lobes the lower three The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots hence the name guttata which is Latin for spotted 10 The opening to the flower is hairy 2 11 12 13 14 15 Erythranthe guttata is pollinated by bees such as Bombus species Inbreeding reduces flower quantity and size and pollen quality and quantity E guttata also displays a high degree of self pollination 16 17 Erythranthe nasuta Mimulus nasutus evolved from E guttata in central California between 200 000 and 500 000 years ago and since then has become primarily a self pollinator Other differences have occurred since then such as genetic code variations and variations in plant morphology 18 19 E guttata prefers a wetter habitat than E nasuta 20 Distribution and habitat editA herbaceous wildflower Erythranthe guttata grows along the banks of streams and seeps throughout much of western North America from sea level to 12 000 feet 3 700 m 21 22 Both annual and perennial forms occur throughout the species range It blooms during spring at low elevations during summer at high elevations 21 It is found in a wide range of habitats including the splash zone of the Pacific Ocean the chaparral of California Western U S deserts the geysers of Yellowstone National Park alpine meadows serpentine barrens and even on the toxic tailings of copper mines It is also very common in New Zealand near water bodies 23 The flower is also an introduced species in the Faroe islands 24 25 Cultivation editErythranthe guttata is cultivated in the specialty horticulture trade and available as an ornamental plant for traditional gardens natural landscape native plant and habitat gardens Uses editThe leaves are edible both raw and cooked 26 27 Leaves are sometimes added to salads as a lettuce substitute they have a slight bitter flavour 28 References edit a b Barker W R Nesom G L Beardsley P M Fraga N S 2012 A taxonomic conspectus of Phrymaceae A narrowed circumscriptions for Mimulus new and resurrected genera and new names and combinations PDF Phytoneuron 2012 39 1 60 a b Giblin David ed 2015 Erythranthe guttata WTU Herbarium Image Collection Burke Museum University of Washington Retrieved 2015 03 31 Beardsley P M Yen Alan Olmstead R G 2003 AFLP Phylogeny of Mimulus Section Erythranthe and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination Evolution 57 6 1397 1410 doi 10 1554 02 086 JSTOR 3448862 PMID 12894947 S2CID 198154155 Beardsley P M Olmstead R G 2002 Redefining Phrymaceae the placement of Mimulus tribe Mimuleae and Phryma American Journal of Botany 89 7 1093 1102 doi 10 3732 ajb 89 7 1093 JSTOR 4122195 PMID 21665709 Beardsley P M Schoenig Steve E Whittall Justen B Olmstead Richard G 2004 Patterns of Evolution in Western North American Mimulus Phrymaceae American Journal of Botany 91 3 474 4890 doi 10 3732 ajb 91 3 474 JSTOR 4123743 PMID 21653403 S2CID 11035527 Lowry David B Sobel James M Angert Amy L Ashman Tia Lynn Baker Robert L Blackman Benjamin K Brandvain Yaniv Byers Kelsey J R P Cooley Arielle M Coughlan Jennifer M Dudash Michele R 2019 11 15 The case for the continued use of the genus name Mimulus for all monkeyflowers Taxon 68 4 617 623 doi 10 1002 tax 12122 hdl 20 500 11820 cac4d1b0 516a 4027 bab9 b8fdcdca892b ISSN 0040 0262 S2CID 208584689 Welcome to mimulusevolution org Mimulus Evolution Archived from the original on 2020 08 10 Retrieved 2017 03 03 Keefover Ring Ken Holeski Liza M Bowers M Deane Clauss Allen D Lindroth Richard L 2014 12 01 Phenylpropanoid glycosides of Mimulus guttatus yellow monkeyflower Phytochemistry Letters 10 132 139 Bibcode 2014PChL 10 132K doi 10 1016 j phytol 2014 08 016 ISSN 1874 3900 Fishman Lila Kelly Alan J Morgan Emily Willis John H 2001 A Genetic Map in the Mimulus guttatus Species Complex Reveals Transmission Ratio Distortion due to Heterospecific Interactions Genetics 159 4 1701 1716 doi 10 1093 genetics 159 4 1701 PMC 1461909 PMID 11779808 Taylor Ronald J 1994 1992 Sagebrush Country A Wildflower Sanctuary rev ed Missoula MT Mountain Press Pub Co p 48 ISBN 0 87842 280 3 OCLC 25708726 Klinkenberg Brian ed 2014 Mimulus guttatus E Flora BC Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia eflora bc ca Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis Department of Geography University of British Columbia Vancouver Archived from the original on 2017 06 26 Retrieved 2015 03 31 Mimulus guttatus Jepson eFlora Taxon page Jepson Herbarium University of California Berkeley 2015 Retrieved 2015 03 31 Mimulus guttatus Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 2010 11 21 Pojar Jim Andy MacKinnon 2004 Plants Of The Pacific Northwest Coast Washington Oregon British Columbia amp Alaska Lone Pine Publishing p 264 ISBN 978 1 55105 530 5 Turner Mark Phyllis Gustafson 2006 Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest Timber Press p 244 ISBN 978 0 88192 745 0 Carr David E Roulston T ai H Hart Haley 2014 Inbreeding in Mimulus guttatus Reduces Visitation by Bumble Bee Pollinators PLOS ONE 9 7 e101463 Bibcode 2014PLoSO 9j1463C doi 10 1371 journal pone 0101463 PMC 4103763 PMID 25036035 Ritland Kermit 1989 Correlated Matings in the Partial Selfer Mimulus guttatus Evolution 43 4 848 859 doi 10 1111 j 1558 5646 1989 tb05182 x JSTOR 2409312 PMID 28564194 S2CID 6227723 Brandvain Yaniv Kenney Amanda M Flagel Lex Coop Graham Sweigert Andrea L 2014 Speciation and Introgression between Mimulus nasutus and Mimulus guttatus PLOS Genetics 10 6 e1004410 doi 10 1371 journal pgen 1004410 PMC 4072524 PMID 24967630 Dole Jefferey A 1992 Reproductive Assurance Mechanisms in Three Taxa of the Mimulus guttatus Complex Scrophulariaceae American Journal of Botany 79 6 650 659 doi 10 1002 j 1537 2197 1992 tb14607 x JSTOR 2444881 Kiang Y T Hamrick J L 1978 Reproductive Isolation in the Mimulus guttatus M nasutus Complex The American Midland Naturalist 100 2 269 276 doi 10 2307 2424826 JSTOR 2424826 a b Sullivan Steven K 2015 Mimulus guttatus Wildflower Search Retrieved 2015 03 31 Mimulus guttatus PLANTS Database United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service 2015 Retrieved 2015 03 31 Erythranthe guttata Retrieved 2019 09 01 Jensen J K Thorning Lund F and Hammer S 2023 Supplement to Faroe Islands botanical list with 64 species or subspecies including rare new and potentially invasive species with comments Nordic Journal of Botany 2023 e03586 https doi org 10 1111 njb 03586 Danskar apur i Tjodveldisgjonni Danskar apur i Tjodveldisgjonni Retrieved 2023 08 28 Tanaka T Tanaka s Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World Keigaku Publishing 1976 Arnberger L P Flowers of the Southwest Mountains Southwestern Monuments Ass 1968 Facciola S Cornucopia A Source Book of Edible Plants Kampong Publications 1990 ISBN 0 9628087 0 9External links edit nbsp Media related to Erythranthe guttata at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Erythranthe guttata at Wikispecies Calflora Mimulus guttatus Seep Monkey Flower Yellow Monkey Flower common yellow monkeyflower University of Michigan Dearborn Native American Ethnobotany Mimulus Genome Browser for genetics researchers Mimulus guttatus UC Photos gallery Twyford Alex D Streisfeld Matthew A Lowry David B Friedman Jannice 2015 06 01 Genomic studies on the nature of species adaptation and speciation in Mimulus Molecular Ecology 24 11 2601 2609 Bibcode 2015MolEc 24 2601T doi 10 1111 mec 13190 ISSN 1365 294X PMID 25856725 S2CID 41760029 Lee Young Wha Fishman Lila Kelly John K Willis John H 2016 04 01 A Segregating Inversion Generates Fitness Variation in Yellow Monkeyflower Mimulus guttatus Genetics 202 4 1473 1484 doi 10 1534 genetics 115 183566 ISSN 0016 6731 PMC 4905537 PMID 26868767 Lee Young Wha Fishman Lila Kelly John K Willis John H 2016 01 01 Fitness Variation Is Generated by a Segregating Inversion in Yellow Monkeyflower Mimulus guttatus Genetics 202 4 1473 1484 doi 10 1534 genetics 115 183566 ISSN 0016 6731 PMC 4905537 PMID 26868767 Peterson Megan L Kay Kathleen M Angert Amy L 2016 07 01 The scale of local adaptation in Mimulus guttatus comparing life history races ecotypes and populations New Phytologist 211 1 345 356 doi 10 1111 nph 13971 ISSN 1469 8137 PMID 27102088 Friedman Jannice Hart Katherine S Bakker Meghan C den 2017 02 01 Losing one s touch Evolution of the touch sensitive stigma in the Mimulus guttatus species complex American Journal of Botany 104 2 335 341 doi 10 3732 ajb 1600394 ISSN 0002 9122 PMID 28202451 Stanton Kimmy A Edger Patrick P Puzey Joshua R Kinser Taliesin Cheng Philip Vernon Daniel M Forsthoefel Nancy R Cooley Arielle M 2017 01 01 A Whole Transcriptome Approach to Evaluating Reference Genes for Quantitative Gene Expression Studies A Case Study in Mimulus G3 Genes Genomes Genetics 7 4 1085 1095 doi 10 1534 g3 116 038075 ISSN 2160 1836 PMC 5386857 PMID 28258113 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w 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