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Erythranthe cardinalis

January 01, 1970

Erythranthe cardinalis, the scarlet monkeyflower,[1][2] is a flowering perennial in the family Phrymaceae. Together with other species in Mimulus section Erythranthe, it serves as a model system for studying pollinator-based reproductive isolation. It was formerly known as Mimulus cardinalis.[3][4][5][6]

Erythranthe cardinalis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Phrymaceae
Genus: Erythranthe
Species:
E. cardinalis
Binomial name
Erythranthe cardinalis
(Dougl. ex Benth.) Spach

Description edit

Erythranthe cardinalis is a perennial herb that grows 1–3 feet (30–91 cm) tall.[7] It is a fairly large, spreading, attractive plant which bears strongly reflexed, nectar-rich red or orange-red flowers and toothed, downy leaves. It is native to the West Coast and Southwestern United States and Baja California, and is generally found at low elevation in moist areas. Occasional populations of yellow-flowered Erythranthe cardinalis (which lack anthocyanin pigments in their corollas) are found in the wild.[8]

Cultivation edit

Erythranthe cardinalis is cultivated in the horticulture trade and widely available as an ornamental plant for: traditional gardens; natural landscape, native plant, and habitat gardens; and various types of municipal, commercial, and agency sustainable landscape projects. Cultivars come in a range of colors between yellow and red, including the "Santa Cruz Island Gold" variety, originally collected from Santa Cruz Island off the coast of California.

In the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[9] A short-lived perennial, it is often grown as an annual. It requires a wet, poorly-drained soil in full sun, in a sheltered position.[9]

Pollination edit

Its blooms and large nectar load attract hummingbirds, whose foreheads serve as the pollen transfer surface between flowers. In the area where it overlaps with its sister species, Erythranthe lewisii, reproductive isolation is maintained almost exclusively through pollinator preference.[10]

References edit

  1. ^ (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  2. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Mimulus cardinalis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  3. ^ Barker, W.R.; Nesom, G.L.; Beardsley, P.M.; Fraga, N.S. (2012), "A taxonomic conspectus of Phrymaceae: A narrowed circumscriptions for Mimulus, new and resurrected genera, and new names and combinations" (PDF), Phytoneuron, 2012–39: 1–60
  4. ^ Beardsley, P. M.; Yen, Alan; Olmstead, R. G. (2003). "AFLP Phylogeny of Mimulus Section Erythranthe and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination". Evolution. 57 (6): 1397–1410. doi:10.1554/02-086. JSTOR 3448862. PMID 12894947. S2CID 198154155.
  5. ^ Beardsley, P. M.; Olmstead, R. G. (2002). "Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of Mimulus, tribe Mimuleae, and Phryma". American Journal of Botany. 89 (7): 1093–1102. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.7.1093. JSTOR 4122195. PMID 21665709.
  6. ^ Beardsley, P. M.; Schoenig, Steve E.; Whittall, Justen B.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2004). "Patterns of Evolution in Western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 91 (3): 474–4890. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.3.474. JSTOR 4123743. PMID 21653403.
  7. ^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  8. ^ Vickery 1992
  9. ^ a b "Mimuls cardinalis". www.rhs.org. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  10. ^ Ramsey, Justin (2003). "Components of Reproductive Isolation Between the Monkeyflowers Mimulus Lewisii and M. Cardinalis (Phrymaceae)". Evolution. 57 (7): 1520–1534. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00360.x. PMID 12940357. S2CID 1825275.

External links edit

  • Calflora Database: Erythranthe cardinalis (Cardinal monkey flower)
  • Jepson eFlora Treatment of Mimulus cardinalis
  • Mimulus cardinalis — UC Photos gallery

January 01, 1970
erythranthe, cardinalis, scarlet, monkeyflower, flowering, perennial, family, phrymaceae, together, with, other, species, mimulus, section, erythranthe, serves, model, system, studying, pollinator, based, reproductive, isolation, formerly, known, mimulus, card. Erythranthe cardinalis the scarlet monkeyflower 1 2 is a flowering perennial in the family Phrymaceae Together with other species in Mimulus section Erythranthe it serves as a model system for studying pollinator based reproductive isolation It was formerly known as Mimulus cardinalis 3 4 5 6 Erythranthe cardinalis Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Lamiales Family Phrymaceae Genus Erythranthe Species E cardinalis Binomial name Erythranthe cardinalis Dougl ex Benth Spach Contents 1 Description 2 Cultivation 3 Pollination 4 References 5 External linksDescription editErythranthe cardinalis is a perennial herb that grows 1 3 feet 30 91 cm tall 7 It is a fairly large spreading attractive plant which bears strongly reflexed nectar rich red or orange red flowers and toothed downy leaves It is native to the West Coast and Southwestern United States and Baja California and is generally found at low elevation in moist areas Occasional populations of yellow flowered Erythranthe cardinalis which lack anthocyanin pigments in their corollas are found in the wild 8 Cultivation editErythranthe cardinalis is cultivated in the horticulture trade and widely available as an ornamental plant for traditional gardens natural landscape native plant and habitat gardens and various types of municipal commercial and agency sustainable landscape projects Cultivars come in a range of colors between yellow and red including the Santa Cruz Island Gold variety originally collected from Santa Cruz Island off the coast of California In the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit 9 A short lived perennial it is often grown as an annual It requires a wet poorly drained soil in full sun in a sheltered position 9 Pollination editIts blooms and large nectar load attract hummingbirds whose foreheads serve as the pollen transfer surface between flowers In the area where it overlaps with its sister species Erythranthe lewisii reproductive isolation is maintained almost exclusively through pollinator preference 10 References edit BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2014 10 17 USDA NRCS n d Mimulus cardinalis The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 28 January 2016 Barker W R Nesom G L Beardsley P M Fraga N S 2012 A taxonomic conspectus of Phrymaceae A narrowed circumscriptions for Mimulus new and resurrected genera and new names and combinations PDF Phytoneuron 2012 39 1 60 Beardsley P M Yen Alan Olmstead R G 2003 AFLP Phylogeny of Mimulus Section Erythranthe and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination Evolution 57 6 1397 1410 doi 10 1554 02 086 JSTOR 3448862 PMID 12894947 S2CID 198154155 Beardsley P M Olmstead R G 2002 Redefining Phrymaceae the placement of Mimulus tribe Mimuleae and Phryma American Journal of Botany 89 7 1093 1102 doi 10 3732 ajb 89 7 1093 JSTOR 4122195 PMID 21665709 Beardsley P M Schoenig Steve E Whittall Justen B Olmstead Richard G 2004 Patterns of Evolution in Western North American Mimulus Phrymaceae American Journal of Botany 91 3 474 4890 doi 10 3732 ajb 91 3 474 JSTOR 4123743 PMID 21653403 Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center The University of Texas at Austin www wildflower org Retrieved 2022 06 18 Vickery 1992 a b Mimuls cardinalis www rhs org Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 3 January 2021 Ramsey Justin 2003 Components of Reproductive Isolation Between the Monkeyflowers Mimulus Lewisii and M Cardinalis Phrymaceae Evolution 57 7 1520 1534 doi 10 1111 j 0014 3820 2003 tb00360 x PMID 12940357 S2CID 1825275 External links editCalflora Database Erythranthe cardinalis Cardinal monkey flower Jepson eFlora Treatment of Mimulus cardinalis Mimulus cardinalis UC Photos gallery Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Erythranthe cardinalis amp oldid 1193312382, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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