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MF Doom

May 03, 2024

Daniel Dumile[a] (/ˈduːməleɪ/ DOO-mə-lay; July 13, 1971[3] – October 31, 2020), also known by his stage name MF Doom or simply Doom (both stylized in all caps), was a British-American rapper and record producer. Noted for his intricate wordplay, signature metal mask, and "supervillain" stage persona, Dumile became a major figure of underground hip hop and alternative hip hop in the 2000s.[4][5] After his death, Variety described him as one of the scene's "most celebrated, unpredictable and enigmatic figures".[6]

MF Doom
Dumile performing in July 2011
Born
Dumile Daniel Thompson[1]

(1971-07-13)July 13, 1971
Hounslow, London, England[1]
DiedOctober 31, 2020(2020-10-31) (aged 49)
Leeds, England[2]
Other names
  • Zev Love X
  • King Geedorah
  • Viktor Vaughn
  • Metal Fingers
  • Doom
  • Metal Face
RelativesDJ Subroc (brother)
Musical career
Genres
Occupation(s)
  • Rapper
  • songwriter
  • record producer
Discography
Years active
  • 1988–1993
  • 1997–2020
Labels
Formerly of
Websitegasdrawls.com
Signature

Dumile was born in London and moved to Long Island, New York, at a young age. He began his career in 1988 as a member of the trio KMD, performing as Zev Love X. The group disbanded in 1993 after the death of member DJ Subroc, Dumile's brother. After a hiatus, Dumile reemerged in the late 1990s. He began performing at open mic events while wearing a metal mask resembling that of the Marvel Comics supervillain Doctor Doom, who is depicted on the cover of his 1999 debut solo album Operation: Doomsday. He adopted the MF Doom persona and rarely made unmasked public appearances thereafter.

During Dumile's most prolific period, the early to mid-2000s, he released the acclaimed Mm..Food (2004) as MF Doom, as well as albums released under the pseudonyms King Geedorah and Viktor Vaughn. Madvillainy (2004), recorded with the producer Madlib under the name Madvillain, is often cited as Dumile's magnum opus and is regarded as a landmark album in hip hop.[7] Madvillainy was followed by another acclaimed collaboration, The Mouse and the Mask (2005), with the producer Danger Mouse, released under the name Danger Doom.

Though he lived the majority of his life in the United States, Dumile never gained American citizenship. In 2010, he was denied reentry after returning from an international tour for his sixth and final solo album, Born Like This (2009). He relocated to London and, in his final years, worked mostly in collaboration with other artists, releasing albums with Jneiro Jarel (as JJ Doom), Bishop Nehru (NehruvianDoom), and Czarface (Czarface Meets Metal Face and the posthumous Super What?). Dumile died in 2020 from angioedema following a reaction to a blood pressure medication.

Early life

Dumile was born in Hounslow, London, on July 13, 1971,[1][8][3] the son of a Trinidadian mother and Zimbabwean father.[5][9] He was the eldest of five children.[10] According to Dumile, he was conceived in the United States, and happened to be born in London because his mother was visiting family.[11] As a child, Dumile moved with his family to Long Island, New York, and grew up in Long Beach on Long Island.[12] He said he had no memory of his London childhood and his parents had no affiliation with British culture.[11] However, he remained a British citizen, never gaining American citizenship.[13]

Dumile began DJing during the summer after third grade.[14][15] As a child, he was a fan and collector of comic books and earned the nickname "Doom" (a phonetic play on the name Dumile) among friends and family.[16][17]

Career

1988–1997: KMD, Subroc's death, and hiatus

 
Dumile as Zev Love X (left) with fellow KMD members DJ Subroc and Onyx the Birthstone Kid in 1991

As Zev Love X,[18] Dumile formed the hip hop group KMD in 1988 with his younger brother DJ Subroc and Rodan, who was later replaced by Onyx the Birthstone Kid.[19] A&R representative Dante Ross learned of KMD through the hip hop group 3rd Bass and signed them to Elektra Records.[20] Their recording debut came on 3rd Bass's song "The Gas Face" on The Cactus Album,[19] followed in 1991 by their debut album Mr. Hood. Dumile performed the last verse on "The Gas Face"; according to Pete Nice's verse on the track, Dumile created the phrase.[21]

On April 23, 1993, just before the release of the second KMD album, Black Bastards,[19] Subroc was struck by a car and killed while crossing the Long Island Expressway.[22][23] Dumile completed the album alone over the course of several months, and it was announced with a release date of May 3, 1994.[24] KMD was dropped by Elektra and the album went unreleased due to its controversial cover art,[20] which featured a cartoon of a stereotypical pickaninny or sambo character being hanged.[25]

After his brother's death, Dumile retreated from the hip hop scene from 1994 to 1997, living "damn near homeless, walking the streets of Manhattan, sleeping on benches".[26] In the late 1990s, he settled in Atlanta; he had moved to Georgia in the mid-90s.[1] According to interviews with Dumile, he was "recovering from his wounds" and swearing revenge "against the industry that so badly deformed him".[19] Black Bastards had been bootlegged by that time,[25] but was not officially released until 2000.[27]

1997–2001: Operation: Doomsday and production work

In 1997 or 1998,[b] Dumile began freestyling incognito at open-mic events at the Nuyorican Poets Café in Manhattan, obscuring his face by putting tights over his head.[8][28] He turned this into a new identity, MF Doom, with a mask similar to that of Marvel Comics supervillain Doctor Doom.[29] He later used a mask based on the character Maximus from the 2000 film Gladiator.[30]

Bobbito Garcia's Fondle 'Em Records released Operation: Doomsday, Dumile's first full-length LP as MF Doom, in 1999.[31][32] Dumile's collaborators on Operation: Doomsday included fellow members of the Monsta Island Czars collective, for which each artist took on the persona of a monster from the Godzilla films. Dumile went by the alias "King Geedorah",[c] a three-headed golden dragon space monster modeled after King Ghidorah.[35] The album's productions sampled cartoons including Fantastic Four, something that became a staple of his music later on.[32] Jon Caramanica, in a review of Operation: Doomsday for Spin, emphasized the contrast between Dumile's flow as Zev Love X in KMD and his revised approach as a solo artist: "Doom's flow is muddy, nowhere near the sprightly rhymes of KMD's early days, and his thought process is haphazard."[31] Caramanica revisited Operation: Doomsday in The New York Times in 2021, calling it "one of the most idiosyncratic hip-hop albums of the 1990s, and one of the defining documents of the independent hip-hop explosion of that decade".[36] Cyril Cordor, in a review for AllMusic, described Operation: Doomsday as Dumile's "rawest" lyrical effort.[37]

In 2001, Dumile began releasing his Special Herbs instrumentals series under the pseudonym Metal Fingers.[38][39] In a review of a 2011 box set containing ten volumes of the Special Herbs series, Pitchfork observed that the instrumentals stand on their own without vocal tracks: "most of these tracks sound plenty 'finished' even in rhyme-less form".[39]

2002–2004: King Geedorah, Viktor Vaughn, and Madvillainy

 
Madlib in late 2003, around the time he was working on Madvillainy with Dumile

In 2003, Dumile released the album Take Me to Your Leader under his King Geedorah moniker.[40][41] In Pitchfork, Mark Martelli described Take Me to Your Leader as close to a concept album, noting how it lays out the "mythos" of the eponymous King Geedorah.[42] Martelli praised the album, particularly tracks such as "One Smart Nigger" which, in his view, were superior to other artists' attempts at political hip hop.[42] Fact, in a brief notice for a 2013 reissue of Take Me to Your Leader, called it "arguably the most cinematic" of Dumile's albums from the turn of the 21st century.[43]

Later in 2003, Dumile released the LP Vaudeville Villain under the moniker Viktor Vaughn (another play on Doctor Doom, who is also known as Victor von Doom). NME described the Viktor Vaughn persona as "a time travelling street hustler".[44] Pitchfork named Vaudeville Villain the week's best new album and highlighted its lyricism, writing that Dumile was one of the best writers in rap.[45][46]

Dumile's breakthrough came in 2004 with the album Madvillainy, created with producer Madlib under the group name Madvillain.[47] They recorded the album in a series of sessions over two years before a commercial release on March 23, 2004.[48] Madvillainy was a critical and commercial success,[17] and has since become known as Dumile's masterpiece.[49]

Also in 2004, Dumile released VV:2, a follow-up LP under the Viktor Vaughn moniker. Nathan Rabin noted in The A.V. Club that VV:2, coming as it did after the commercial and critical success of Madvillainy, represented an unusual career choice for Dumile whereby he went "deeper underground" instead of embracing wider fame.[50]

Later in 2004, the second MF Doom album Mm..Food was released by Rhymesayers Entertainment.[49] Pitchfork gave the album a positive review.[51] Nathan Rabin described it as a "crazy pastiche" but argued that it grew more coherent on repeated listening.

2005–2009: Danger Doom, Born Like This, and Ghostface collaboration

Although still an independent artist, Dumile took a bigger step towards the mainstream in 2005 with The Mouse and the Mask, a collaboration with the producer DJ Danger Mouse under the group name Danger Doom. The album, released on October 11, 2005, by Epitaph and Lex, was developed in collaboration with Cartoon Network's Adult Swim and featured voice actors and characters from its programs (mostly Aqua Teen Hunger Force). The Mouse and the Mask reached #41 on the Billboard 200.[52] Critic Chris Vognar, discussing the role of comedy in hip hop, argued that "Doom and Danger exemplify an absurdist strain in recent independent hip-hop, a willingness to embrace the nerdy without a heavy cloak of irony".[53] [54] In the same year, Dumile appeared on the second Gorillaz album, Demon Days.[8]

Dumile produced tracks for both of Ghostface Killah's 2006 albums Fishscale[55] and More Fish.[56] In February 2013, Ghostface Killah said that he and Dumile were in the process of choosing tracks for a collaborative album.[57] In 2015, Ghostface Killah announced that the album, Swift & Changeable, would be released in 2016, and later posted promotional artwork for the collaboration.[58][59][60] It remains unreleased.

Dumile's Born Like This was released on Lex Records on March 24, 2009. The album was Dumile's first solo album to chart in the US.[61] In a largely favorable review for Pitchfork, Nate Patrin cast the album as a return to form for Dumile, following a period of limited output.[62] He observed that Dumile's lyrics and flow—"a focused rasp that's subtly grown slightly more ragged and intense"—were darker than on earlier records.[62] He also highlighted the overtly homophobic "Batty Boyz", a diss track against unnamed rappers.[62] Steve Yates, reviewing the album in The Guardian, likewise saw Born Like This as hearkening back to Dumile's earlier output.[63] Yates felt it presented Dumile at "his scalpel-tongued, scatter-mouthed best".[63] Both Patrin and Yates noted the influence of Charles Bukowski on Born Like This: the first line of Bukowski's poem "Dinosauria, We" gives the album its title.[62][63]

2010–2021: Move to London and later collaborations

 
Dumile in 2008

In early 2010, Dumile released the EP Gazzillion Ear on Lex, a compilation of remixes of "Gazzillion Ear" from Born Like This, including a remix by Thom Yorke and two mixes by Jneiro Jarel.[64] A further remix by Madvillain featuring a voicemail message from Kanye West was released online.[65] The EP coincided with Dumile's first performances outside North America. On March 5, 2010, Lex and Sónar presented the first Doom show in London, at the Roundhouse in Camden.[66] Expektoration, Dumile's second live album, was released on September 14, 2010, through Gold Dust.[67] In a review of Expektoration, Pitchfork noted that Dumile's vocal performance was more energetic than on his recordings, which it characterized as "laidback" by comparison.[68]

After completing his European tour, Dumile was refused re-entry into the United States.[69][70] He settled in the UK in 2010.[71] Key to the Kuffs, an album Dumile made in collaboration with the producer Jneiro Jarel as JJ Doom, was released on August 20, 2012, and included guest features from Damon Albarn, Beth Gibbons of Portishead, Khujo Goodie of Goodie Mob and Dungeon Family, and Boston Fielder.[72] Reviews of Key to the Kuffs in Pitchfork and Fact emphasized its references to Dumile's "exile" in the United Kingdom,[73][74] while Resident Advisor noted its play on Britishisms in tracks like "Guv'nor".[75]

NehruvianDoom, Dumile's collaboration with the rapper Bishop Nehru, was released on October 7, 2014.[76] Dumile produced all the tracks on NehruvianDoom, often using beats developed in the Special Herbs series; vocals are primarily Nehru's, with some contributions from Dumile.[77] The album was Nehru's major label debut.[78] The limitations of Nehru's artistic achievement on the album were stressed by critics due to his relative youth (he was still in his teens when the album was produced) and the album's briefness, lasting just over 30 minutes.[78][79] Dumile's contributions were also seen as limited: Pitchfork wrote that he often seemed on "autopilot",[77] and XXL suggested that neither he nor Nehru were able to "push the envelope".[79]

In August 2017, Adult Swim announced a Doom compilation, The Missing Notebook Rhymes, that would consist of songs from his upcoming projects and featured appearances on other artists' songs. The Adult Swim website was to release one new song per week over the course of 15 weeks.[80] However, the arrangement was canceled in September after the release of only seven tracks.[81]

In February 2018, Dumile and Czarface released "Nautical Depth", the first single from their collaborative album Czarface Meets Metal Face.[82] The album was released on March 30, 2018. In a lukewarm review for Pitchfork, Mehan Jayasuriya compared verses by Open Mike Eagle favorably to Dumile's, but noted that Dumile's contribution to "Nautical Depth" exhibited his "once razor-sharp lyricism".[83] Ben Beaumont-Thomas, in The Guardian, was more positive, noting Dumile's "stoner surrealism" in "Captain Crunch".[84]

Aside from the album with Czarface, Dumile's musical output in the final three years of his life was limited to one-off guest appearances on other artists' tracks.[85] Posthumous releases included appearances on two songs for the video game Grand Theft Auto Online: "Lunch Break", with Flying Lotus;[86] and "The Chocolate Conquistadors", with BadBadNotGood, made for the game's content update The Cayo Perico Heist.[87] Shortly after Dumile's death was announced, Flying Lotus revealed that they had been working on an EP.[88] Having been completed in early 2020 but later delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Dumile's second collaborative album with Czarface and first posthumous release, Super What?, was released in May 2021.[89]

Style and artistry

 
Portrait illustration of Dumile from a poster promoting his 2011 Born Like This tour of the UK

Dumile's lyrics are known for wordplay.[90][91] Bradley and DuBois, describing Dumile as "among the most enigmatic figures in hip-hop", wrote that Dumile's "raspy baritone weaves an intricate web of allusions drawn from comic books and metaphysics along with seeming nonsense and non sequiturs".[27] According to an obituary in The Ringer, his flow was "loose and conversational, but delivered with technical precision", and his use of rhyme and meter eclipsed that of Big Pun and Eminem.[85]

Dumile's production work frequently incorporated samples and quotations from film.[90][91] A review of Special Herbs volumes 5 and 6 in CMJ New Music Monthly compared Dumile's beats to "soul jazz".[92]

MF Doom persona

Dumile created the MF Doom character as an alter ego with a backstory he could reference in his music.[93] The character combines elements from the Marvel Comics supervillain Doctor Doom, Destro, and the Phantom of the Opera;[94] like Doctor Doom and Phantom, Dumile referred to himself in the third person while in character.[95] His signature mask was similar to that of Doctor Doom,[29] who is depicted rapping on the cover of Dumile's 1999 debut album Operation: Doomsday.[96]

Dumile wore the mask while performing, and would not be photographed without it, except for short glimpses in videos and in earlier photos with KMD.[97] Later versions of the mask were based on a prop from the 2000 film Gladiator.[98] Academic Hershini Bhana Young argued that, by appropriating the Doctor Doom mask, Dumile "positions himself as enemy, not only of the music industry but also of dominant constructions of identity that relegate him as a black man to second-class citizenship".[29]

Dumile sometimes sent stand-ins to perform in the mask, which he saw as a "logical extension" of the concept but angered audiences.[93] Dumile initially claimed that he had lost weight and thus looked and sounded different.[99] At a 2010 show in Toronto, an imposter was booed off stage before being replaced by Dumile.[100] In an interview with The New Yorker, Dumile described himself as the "writer and director" of the character and that he "might send a white dude next ... Whoever plays the character plays the character."[93]

In November 2019, during his performance at the Adult Swim Festival, the electronic artist Flying Lotus announced that he would be joined onstage by Dumile. Instead, the masked figure who appeared on stage was revealed as the comedian Hannibal Buress. Dumile's involvement in the prank has not been confirmed.[101]

Legacy and influence

 
Mural depicting MF Doom in Deptford, London

Dumile was celebrated in independent hip hop.[6][102] After his death, the producer Flying Lotus wrote of Madvillainy: "All u ever needed in hip-hop was this record. Sorted. Done. Give it to the fucking aliens."[102] The English musician Thom Yorke, who twice collaborated with Dumile, wrote: "He was a massive inspiration to so many of us, changed things... For me the way he put words was often shocking in its genius, using stream of consciousness in a way I'd never heard before."[103] Stereogum, reviewing Operation: Doomsday on its 20th anniversary, noted Dumile's "formative" influence on younger rappers.[94] El-P of Run the Jewels described him as a "writer's writer",[104] while Q-Tip called him "your favorite rapper's favorite rapper".[105] A biography by author S.H. Fernando entitled The Chronicles of DOOM: Unraveling Rap's Masked Iconoclast is scheduled to be released October 29, 2024.[106]

Personal life

Dumile was married to Jasmine Dumile for an unknown period until his death in October 2020. The couple had five children.[2] Dumile's son Malachi died at the age of 14 from unspecified causes in late 2017.[107]

Views

Dumile's religious worldview was informed by Islam and the Afrocentrism espoused by African-American Muslims. His parents raised him and his brother as Muslims in the Five-Percent Nation, a religious black nationalist movement influenced by Islam.[26] Dumile's father taught him about pan-African history, including historical figures such as Marcus Garvey and Elijah Muhammad—lessons that he then strove to impart upon his peers.[108]

By the early 1990s, Dumile and the other members of KMD identified as a member of the Ansaar Allah Community, later known as the Nuwaubian Nation.[109] In their music, the members of KMD professed a religious message based on tenets of Nuwaubianism, which Dumile distinguished from Five-Percent beliefs in an early interview.[110] In the music video for "Peachfuzz", Dumile and the other members of KMD wear kufi caps.[111] By 2000, though he was no longer as strictly observant, Dumile still participated in Nuwaubian events such as the Savior's Day celebration at the Tama-Re compound in Georgia and held a positive opinion of the community.[112]

Citizenship

Although Dumile lived in the United States for most of his life, he never became a naturalized citizen.[70][113] He acquired a British passport prior to his 2010 European tour; after completing the tour later that year, he was refused re-entry to the United States.[114] The European tour was only his second international tour, and he had previously avoided leaving the United States; he had believed he would be able to secure reentry based on his long-term residency and family connections.[114]

The denial of reentry forced Dumile apart from his wife and children, and for nearly two years he saw them only via video calls or during their brief visits to the United Kingdom. They were reunited when his family moved to London in 2012.[5] That year, Dumile said he was "done with the United States".[114] At the time of his death, he was living in Leeds.[2]

Death

In October 2020, Dumile was admitted to St James's University Hospital in Leeds, England, after suffering respiratory problems.[115] On October 31, he died from angioedema, a rare reaction to a blood pressure medication he had been recently prescribed. He had suffered from high blood pressure and kidney disease.[115] Due to the COVID-19 lockdown, Dumile's wife, Jasmine, was not allowed to visit him in the hospital until the day of his death.[115] Jasmine announced Dumile's death on December 31, 2020.[116] The cause of death was not announced until July 2023.[115]

Many musicians made tributes to Dumile.[117][118] Dumile's 2004 instrumental track "Coffin Nails" was included on U.S. President Joe Biden's inauguration playlist.[119] The track's inclusion was criticized by some of Dumile's fans, as Biden was vice president in 2010 when Dumile was refused reentry to the United States.[120]

Selected discography

Main articles: MF Doom discography and MF Doom production discography
See also: KMD § Discography

Solo albums

Collaborative albums

Footnotes

  1. ^ Dumile's birth certificate provides his name as "Dumile Daniel Thompson". Variations like "Daniel Dumile Thompson" and "Dumile Thompson Dumile" appear in other records. In his life as a public figure, "Daniel Dumile" was the name most commonly used to refer to him.[1]
  2. ^ Sources differ on when precisely Dumile first performed with his face obscured.
  3. ^ Also spelled "Ghidora"[33] or "Ghidra".[34]

References

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  2. ^ a b c Robinson, Andrew (July 4, 2023). "Heartbroken wife of famous musician has unanswered question after sudden death in Leeds". Leeds Live. Retrieved July 4, 2023.
  3. ^ a b "Everyone, Including Us, Thought January 9th was MF DOOM's Birthday – It's Not". Okayplayer. January 9, 2021. from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  4. ^ Weingarten, Christopher R. (January 12, 2021). "MF Doom Influenced Scores of Musicians. Hear 11 of Them". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on March 15, 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c Lester, Paul (August 16, 2012). "Doom: 'It's all new, all fun'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. ProQuest 1033747721. from the original on February 25, 2020. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  6. ^ a b Barker, Andrew; Moreau, Jordan (December 31, 2020). "Rapper MF Doom Dies at 49". Variety. from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  7. ^ Strauss, Matthew (December 31, 2020). "MF DOOM Dead at 49". Pitchfork. from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  8. ^ a b c "MF Doom: Hip-hop star dies aged 49". BBC News. December 31, 2020. from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  9. ^ Allah, Sha Be (January 9, 2020). "Happy 48th Birthday to the Legendary MF Doom". The Source. from the original on February 25, 2020. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  10. ^ "A candid interview with DOOM from 2014 | Sampleface". sampleface.co.uk. January 9, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  11. ^ a b Mlynar, Phillip (August 16, 2012). "A Revealing DOOM Q&A: Supervillain on Nas' Pool Parties, His Rap-Hating Mom". Spin. from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  12. ^ Levine, Mike (September 3, 2014). "MF Doom". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.a2267192.
  13. ^ Morrison, Sean (December 31, 2020). "Rapper and producer MF Doom dies aged 49". Evening Standard. from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
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  19. ^ a b c d LeRoy, Dan. "Artist Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
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  22. ^ Turner-Williams, Jaelani (November 15, 2019). "Impending DOOM: 'MM...FOOD' Warned You 15 Years Ago". Complex. from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  23. ^ Fortune, Drew (January 28, 2021). "The Unknowable MF DOOM". Vulture. from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  24. ^ Coleman, Brian (April 10, 2016). "Check The Technique: The Birth of MF Doom". Medium. from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  25. ^ a b Ducker, Eric (November 6, 2014). "A Rational Conversation: The 20-Year-Old Album That's MF DOOM's Missing Link". NPR. from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  26. ^ a b Hsu 2005, p. 48.
  27. ^ a b Bradley & DuBois 2010, p. 606.
  28. ^ Nemtusak, Brian (August 12, 2004). "MF Doom". Chicago Reader. from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  29. ^ a b c Young 2014, p. 59.
  30. ^ Watson, Elijah C. (January 10, 2019). "MF DOOM Discusses Origins Of His Mask, Changing His Name To DOOM And More In Resurfaced Interview". okayplayer.com. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
  31. ^ a b Caramanica, Jon (August 2000). "Operation: Doomsday". Spin: 152.
  32. ^ a b Allah, Sha Be (April 20, 2020). "MF DOOM's Debut Album 'Operation Doomsday' Dropped 21 Years Ago". The Source. from the original on December 31, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
  33. ^ Greenbacks / Go With the Flow (liner notes). MF DOOM. New York, New York: Fondle 'Em Records. 1997. FE-0082.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  34. ^ Operation: Doomsday (liner notes). MF DOOM. New York, New York: Fondle 'Em Records. 1999. FE-86.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
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  43. ^ "MF DOOM's classic King Geedorah album Take Me To Your Leader re-pressed for 2013". Fact. April 29, 2013. from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
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  45. ^ Pemberton, Rollie (September 15, 2003). "Viktor Vaughn: Vaudeville Villain". Pitchfork. from the original on August 8, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  46. ^ Sylvester, Nick (November 15, 2004). "MF DOOM: Mm..Food? Album Review". Pitchfork. from the original on September 12, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
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Sources

  • Bradley, Adam; DuBois, Andrew Lee, eds. (2010). The Anthology of Rap. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-14190-0. OCLC 601348010.
  • Hsu, Hua (March 2005). "The Mask of Sorrow". The Wire. No. 253. pp. 44–49 – via Exact Editions (subscription required).
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  • Young, Hershini Bhana (2014). "Twenty-First-Century Post-Humans: The Rise of the See-J". In DeFrantz, Thomas F.; Gonzalez, Anita (eds.). Black Performance Theory. Duke University Press. doi:10.1215/9780822377016. ISBN 978-0-8223-5607-3. JSTOR j.ctv11cvzpk.
  • Vognar, Chris (2011). "This Ain't Funny So Don't You Dare Laugh". Transition (104). Indiana University Press: 102–120. doi:10.2979/transition.2011.-.104.102.
  • Wilder, Chris (August 1991). "'I'm is a God'". The Source. No. 23. pp. 36–37. from the original on January 2, 2021 – via babylonfalling.com.

Further reading

  • Allen, Ryan (2006). "MF Doom". In Pilchak, Angela M. (ed.). Contemporary Musicians. Vol. 54. Thomson Gale. pp. 141–143. ISBN 978-1-4144-0557-5. OCLC 728679037.
  • Callahan-Bever, Noah (January 9, 2012). . Ego Trip. 12. Archived from the original on February 1, 2012.
  • Hess, Mickey (July 2005). "Metal Faces, Rap Masks: Identity and Resistance in Hip Hop's Persona Artist". Popular Music and Society. 28 (3). Routledge: 297–311. doi:10.1080/03007760500105149. S2CID 191570328.
  • —————— (2007). "The Rap Persona". Is Hip Hop Dead? The Past, Present, and Future of America's Most Wanted Music. Praeger. pp. 69–88. ISBN 978-1-56720-721-7. OCLC 181163529 – via the Internet Archive.
  • Levine, Mike (September 3, 2014). "MF Doom [Dumile, Daniel]". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2267192.
  • Ramirez, J. Jesse (December 28, 2020). "Keeping It Unreal: Rap, Racecraft, and MF Doom". Humanities. 10 (5). MDPI: 5. doi:10.3390/h10010005.
  • Westhoff, Ben (November 8, 2006). "Private Enemy". The Village Voice. pp. 14–16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26. ProQuest 232270364.

External links

  • Official website  
  • MF Doom at AllMusic  
  • MF Doom discography at Discogs  
  • 2aa5bd46-43ba-4a09-9c7e-20b07036db51, 21cb44eb-3f6b-4f55-9a0d-c36a517f8d36, ec7d20eb-769d-4e50-be80-175e370155cf, 343ce4fa-54b3-47b8-bd27-b379cf50f7ff, 2a827687-f114-46fe-9e5d-74acb7d33995, 52ebcc60-2bd9-47c6-8150-fe668ace76e1 MF Doom discography at MusicBrainz  
  • MF Doom on SoundCloud  
  • MF Doom on Twitter  

May 03, 2024
doom, daniel, dumile, july, 1971, october, 2020, also, known, stage, name, simply, doom, both, stylized, caps, british, american, rapper, record, producer, noted, intricate, wordplay, signature, metal, mask, supervillain, stage, persona, dumile, became, major,. Daniel Dumile a ˈ d uː m e l eɪ DOO me lay July 13 1971 3 October 31 2020 also known by his stage name MF Doom or simply Doom both stylized in all caps was a British American rapper and record producer Noted for his intricate wordplay signature metal mask and supervillain stage persona Dumile became a major figure of underground hip hop and alternative hip hop in the 2000s 4 5 After his death Variety described him as one of the scene s most celebrated unpredictable and enigmatic figures 6 MF DoomDumile performing in July 2011BornDumile Daniel Thompson 1 1971 07 13 July 13 1971Hounslow London England 1 DiedOctober 31 2020 2020 10 31 aged 49 Leeds England 2 Other namesZev Love XKing GeedorahViktor VaughnMetal FingersDoomMetal FaceRelativesDJ Subroc brother Musical careerGenresEast Coast hip hop alternative hip hop underground hip hopOccupation s Rappersongwriterrecord producerDiscographyMF Doom discographyproduction discographyYears active1988 19931997 2020LabelsMetal FaceFondle EmStones ThrowNature SoundsLexRhymesayersElektraFormerly ofKMD Monsta Island Czars Madvillain Danger Doom DOOMSTARKS JJ Doom NehruvianDoomWebsitegasdrawls comSignature Dumile was born in London and moved to Long Island New York at a young age He began his career in 1988 as a member of the trio KMD performing as Zev Love X The group disbanded in 1993 after the death of member DJ Subroc Dumile s brother After a hiatus Dumile reemerged in the late 1990s He began performing at open mic events while wearing a metal mask resembling that of the Marvel Comics supervillain Doctor Doom who is depicted on the cover of his 1999 debut solo album Operation Doomsday He adopted the MF Doom persona and rarely made unmasked public appearances thereafter During Dumile s most prolific period the early to mid 2000s he released the acclaimed Mm Food 2004 as MF Doom as well as albums released under the pseudonyms King Geedorah and Viktor Vaughn Madvillainy 2004 recorded with the producer Madlib under the name Madvillain is often cited as Dumile s magnum opus and is regarded as a landmark album in hip hop 7 Madvillainy was followed by another acclaimed collaboration The Mouse and the Mask 2005 with the producer Danger Mouse released under the name Danger Doom Though he lived the majority of his life in the United States Dumile never gained American citizenship In 2010 he was denied reentry after returning from an international tour for his sixth and final solo album Born Like This 2009 He relocated to London and in his final years worked mostly in collaboration with other artists releasing albums with Jneiro Jarel as JJ Doom Bishop Nehru NehruvianDoom and Czarface Czarface Meets Metal Face and the posthumous Super What Dumile died in 2020 from angioedema following a reaction to a blood pressure medication Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2 1 1988 1997 KMD Subroc s death and hiatus 2 2 1997 2001 Operation Doomsday and production work 2 3 2002 2004 King Geedorah Viktor Vaughn and Madvillainy 2 4 2005 2009 Danger Doom Born Like This and Ghostface collaboration 2 5 2010 2021 Move to London and later collaborations 3 Style and artistry 3 1 MF Doom persona 4 Legacy and influence 5 Personal life 5 1 Views 5 2 Citizenship 6 Death 7 Selected discography 7 1 Solo albums 7 2 Collaborative albums 8 Footnotes 9 References 9 1 Sources 10 Further reading 11 External linksEarly lifeDumile was born in Hounslow London on July 13 1971 1 8 3 the son of a Trinidadian mother and Zimbabwean father 5 9 He was the eldest of five children 10 According to Dumile he was conceived in the United States and happened to be born in London because his mother was visiting family 11 As a child Dumile moved with his family to Long Island New York and grew up in Long Beach on Long Island 12 He said he had no memory of his London childhood and his parents had no affiliation with British culture 11 However he remained a British citizen never gaining American citizenship 13 Dumile began DJing during the summer after third grade 14 15 As a child he was a fan and collector of comic books and earned the nickname Doom a phonetic play on the name Dumile among friends and family 16 17 Career1988 1997 KMD Subroc s death and hiatus nbsp Dumile as Zev Love X left with fellow KMD members DJ Subroc and Onyx the Birthstone Kid in 1991 As Zev Love X 18 Dumile formed the hip hop group KMD in 1988 with his younger brother DJ Subroc and Rodan who was later replaced by Onyx the Birthstone Kid 19 A amp R representative Dante Ross learned of KMD through the hip hop group 3rd Bass and signed them to Elektra Records 20 Their recording debut came on 3rd Bass s song The Gas Face on The Cactus Album 19 followed in 1991 by their debut album Mr Hood Dumile performed the last verse on The Gas Face according to Pete Nice s verse on the track Dumile created the phrase 21 On April 23 1993 just before the release of the second KMD album Black Bastards 19 Subroc was struck by a car and killed while crossing the Long Island Expressway 22 23 Dumile completed the album alone over the course of several months and it was announced with a release date of May 3 1994 24 KMD was dropped by Elektra and the album went unreleased due to its controversial cover art 20 which featured a cartoon of a stereotypical pickaninny or sambo character being hanged 25 After his brother s death Dumile retreated from the hip hop scene from 1994 to 1997 living damn near homeless walking the streets of Manhattan sleeping on benches 26 In the late 1990s he settled in Atlanta he had moved to Georgia in the mid 90s 1 According to interviews with Dumile he was recovering from his wounds and swearing revenge against the industry that so badly deformed him 19 Black Bastards had been bootlegged by that time 25 but was not officially released until 2000 27 1997 2001 Operation Doomsday and production work In 1997 or 1998 b Dumile began freestyling incognito at open mic events at the Nuyorican Poets Cafe in Manhattan obscuring his face by putting tights over his head 8 28 He turned this into a new identity MF Doom with a mask similar to that of Marvel Comics supervillain Doctor Doom 29 He later used a mask based on the character Maximus from the 2000 film Gladiator 30 Bobbito Garcia s Fondle Em Records released Operation Doomsday Dumile s first full length LP as MF Doom in 1999 31 32 Dumile s collaborators on Operation Doomsday included fellow members of the Monsta Island Czars collective for which each artist took on the persona of a monster from the Godzilla films Dumile went by the alias King Geedorah c a three headed golden dragon space monster modeled after King Ghidorah 35 The album s productions sampled cartoons including Fantastic Four something that became a staple of his music later on 32 Jon Caramanica in a review of Operation Doomsday for Spin emphasized the contrast between Dumile s flow as Zev Love X in KMD and his revised approach as a solo artist Doom s flow is muddy nowhere near the sprightly rhymes of KMD s early days and his thought process is haphazard 31 Caramanica revisited Operation Doomsday in The New York Times in 2021 calling it one of the most idiosyncratic hip hop albums of the 1990s and one of the defining documents of the independent hip hop explosion of that decade 36 Cyril Cordor in a review for AllMusic described Operation Doomsday as Dumile s rawest lyrical effort 37 In 2001 Dumile began releasing his Special Herbs instrumentals series under the pseudonym Metal Fingers 38 39 In a review of a 2011 box set containing ten volumes of the Special Herbs series Pitchfork observed that the instrumentals stand on their own without vocal tracks most of these tracks sound plenty finished even in rhyme less form 39 2002 2004 King Geedorah Viktor Vaughn and Madvillainy nbsp Madlib in late 2003 around the time he was working on Madvillainy with DumileIn 2003 Dumile released the album Take Me to Your Leader under his King Geedorah moniker 40 41 In Pitchfork Mark Martelli described Take Me to Your Leader as close to a concept album noting how it lays out the mythos of the eponymous King Geedorah 42 Martelli praised the album particularly tracks such as One Smart Nigger which in his view were superior to other artists attempts at political hip hop 42 Fact in a brief notice for a 2013 reissue of Take Me to Your Leader called it arguably the most cinematic of Dumile s albums from the turn of the 21st century 43 Later in 2003 Dumile released the LP Vaudeville Villain under the moniker Viktor Vaughn another play on Doctor Doom who is also known as Victor von Doom NME described the Viktor Vaughn persona as a time travelling street hustler 44 Pitchfork named Vaudeville Villain the week s best new album and highlighted its lyricism writing that Dumile was one of the best writers in rap 45 46 Dumile s breakthrough came in 2004 with the album Madvillainy created with producer Madlib under the group name Madvillain 47 They recorded the album in a series of sessions over two years before a commercial release on March 23 2004 48 Madvillainy was a critical and commercial success 17 and has since become known as Dumile s masterpiece 49 Also in 2004 Dumile released VV 2 a follow up LP under the Viktor Vaughn moniker Nathan Rabin noted in The A V Club that VV 2 coming as it did after the commercial and critical success of Madvillainy represented an unusual career choice for Dumile whereby he went deeper underground instead of embracing wider fame 50 Later in 2004 the second MF Doom album Mm Food was released by Rhymesayers Entertainment 49 Pitchfork gave the album a positive review 51 Nathan Rabin described it as a crazy pastiche but argued that it grew more coherent on repeated listening 2005 2009 Danger Doom Born Like This and Ghostface collaboration Although still an independent artist Dumile took a bigger step towards the mainstream in 2005 with The Mouse and the Mask a collaboration with the producer DJ Danger Mouse under the group name Danger Doom The album released on October 11 2005 by Epitaph and Lex was developed in collaboration with Cartoon Network s Adult Swim and featured voice actors and characters from its programs mostly Aqua Teen Hunger Force The Mouse and the Mask reached 41 on the Billboard 200 52 Critic Chris Vognar discussing the role of comedy in hip hop argued that Doom and Danger exemplify an absurdist strain in recent independent hip hop a willingness to embrace the nerdy without a heavy cloak of irony 53 54 In the same year Dumile appeared on the second Gorillaz album Demon Days 8 Dumile produced tracks for both of Ghostface Killah s 2006 albums Fishscale 55 and More Fish 56 In February 2013 Ghostface Killah said that he and Dumile were in the process of choosing tracks for a collaborative album 57 In 2015 Ghostface Killah announced that the album Swift amp Changeable would be released in 2016 and later posted promotional artwork for the collaboration 58 59 60 It remains unreleased Dumile s Born Like This was released on Lex Records on March 24 2009 The album was Dumile s first solo album to chart in the US 61 In a largely favorable review for Pitchfork Nate Patrin cast the album as a return to form for Dumile following a period of limited output 62 He observed that Dumile s lyrics and flow a focused rasp that s subtly grown slightly more ragged and intense were darker than on earlier records 62 He also highlighted the overtly homophobic Batty Boyz a diss track against unnamed rappers 62 Steve Yates reviewing the album in The Guardian likewise saw Born Like This as hearkening back to Dumile s earlier output 63 Yates felt it presented Dumile at his scalpel tongued scatter mouthed best 63 Both Patrin and Yates noted the influence of Charles Bukowski on Born Like This the first line of Bukowski s poem Dinosauria We gives the album its title 62 63 2010 2021 Move to London and later collaborations nbsp Dumile in 2008 In early 2010 Dumile released the EP Gazzillion Ear on Lex a compilation of remixes of Gazzillion Ear from Born Like This including a remix by Thom Yorke and two mixes by Jneiro Jarel 64 A further remix by Madvillain featuring a voicemail message from Kanye West was released online 65 The EP coincided with Dumile s first performances outside North America On March 5 2010 Lex and Sonar presented the first Doom show in London at the Roundhouse in Camden 66 Expektoration Dumile s second live album was released on September 14 2010 through Gold Dust 67 In a review of Expektoration Pitchfork noted that Dumile s vocal performance was more energetic than on his recordings which it characterized as laidback by comparison 68 After completing his European tour Dumile was refused re entry into the United States 69 70 He settled in the UK in 2010 71 Key to the Kuffs an album Dumile made in collaboration with the producer Jneiro Jarel as JJ Doom was released on August 20 2012 and included guest features from Damon Albarn Beth Gibbons of Portishead Khujo Goodie of Goodie Mob and Dungeon Family and Boston Fielder 72 Reviews of Key to the Kuffs in Pitchfork and Fact emphasized its references to Dumile s exile in the United Kingdom 73 74 while Resident Advisor noted its play on Britishisms in tracks like Guv nor 75 NehruvianDoom Dumile s collaboration with the rapper Bishop Nehru was released on October 7 2014 76 Dumile produced all the tracks on NehruvianDoom often using beats developed in the Special Herbs series vocals are primarily Nehru s with some contributions from Dumile 77 The album was Nehru s major label debut 78 The limitations of Nehru s artistic achievement on the album were stressed by critics due to his relative youth he was still in his teens when the album was produced and the album s briefness lasting just over 30 minutes 78 79 Dumile s contributions were also seen as limited Pitchfork wrote that he often seemed on autopilot 77 and XXL suggested that neither he nor Nehru were able to push the envelope 79 In August 2017 Adult Swim announced a Doom compilation The Missing Notebook Rhymes that would consist of songs from his upcoming projects and featured appearances on other artists songs The Adult Swim website was to release one new song per week over the course of 15 weeks 80 However the arrangement was canceled in September after the release of only seven tracks 81 In February 2018 Dumile and Czarface released Nautical Depth the first single from their collaborative album Czarface Meets Metal Face 82 The album was released on March 30 2018 In a lukewarm review for Pitchfork Mehan Jayasuriya compared verses by Open Mike Eagle favorably to Dumile s but noted that Dumile s contribution to Nautical Depth exhibited his once razor sharp lyricism 83 Ben Beaumont Thomas in The Guardian was more positive noting Dumile s stoner surrealism in Captain Crunch 84 Aside from the album with Czarface Dumile s musical output in the final three years of his life was limited to one off guest appearances on other artists tracks 85 Posthumous releases included appearances on two songs for the video game Grand Theft Auto Online Lunch Break with Flying Lotus 86 and The Chocolate Conquistadors with BadBadNotGood made for the game s content update The Cayo Perico Heist 87 Shortly after Dumile s death was announced Flying Lotus revealed that they had been working on an EP 88 Having been completed in early 2020 but later delayed due to the COVID 19 pandemic Dumile s second collaborative album with Czarface and first posthumous release Super What was released in May 2021 89 Style and artistry nbsp Portrait illustration of Dumile from a poster promoting his 2011 Born Like This tour of the UKDumile s lyrics are known for wordplay 90 91 Bradley and DuBois describing Dumile as among the most enigmatic figures in hip hop wrote that Dumile s raspy baritone weaves an intricate web of allusions drawn from comic books and metaphysics along with seeming nonsense and non sequiturs 27 According to an obituary in The Ringer his flow was loose and conversational but delivered with technical precision and his use of rhyme and meter eclipsed that of Big Pun and Eminem 85 Dumile s production work frequently incorporated samples and quotations from film 90 91 A review of Special Herbs volumes 5 and 6 in CMJ New Music Monthly compared Dumile s beats to soul jazz 92 MF Doom persona Dumile created the MF Doom character as an alter ego with a backstory he could reference in his music 93 The character combines elements from the Marvel Comics supervillain Doctor Doom Destro and the Phantom of the Opera 94 like Doctor Doom and Phantom Dumile referred to himself in the third person while in character 95 His signature mask was similar to that of Doctor Doom 29 who is depicted rapping on the cover of Dumile s 1999 debut album Operation Doomsday 96 Dumile wore the mask while performing and would not be photographed without it except for short glimpses in videos and in earlier photos with KMD 97 Later versions of the mask were based on a prop from the 2000 film Gladiator 98 Academic Hershini Bhana Young argued that by appropriating the Doctor Doom mask Dumile positions himself as enemy not only of the music industry but also of dominant constructions of identity that relegate him as a black man to second class citizenship 29 Dumile sometimes sent stand ins to perform in the mask which he saw as a logical extension of the concept but angered audiences 93 Dumile initially claimed that he had lost weight and thus looked and sounded different 99 At a 2010 show in Toronto an imposter was booed off stage before being replaced by Dumile 100 In an interview with The New Yorker Dumile described himself as the writer and director of the character and that he might send a white dude next Whoever plays the character plays the character 93 In November 2019 during his performance at the Adult Swim Festival the electronic artist Flying Lotus announced that he would be joined onstage by Dumile Instead the masked figure who appeared on stage was revealed as the comedian Hannibal Buress Dumile s involvement in the prank has not been confirmed 101 Legacy and influence nbsp Mural depicting MF Doom in Deptford London Dumile was celebrated in independent hip hop 6 102 After his death the producer Flying Lotus wrote of Madvillainy All u ever needed in hip hop was this record Sorted Done Give it to the fucking aliens 102 The English musician Thom Yorke who twice collaborated with Dumile wrote He was a massive inspiration to so many of us changed things For me the way he put words was often shocking in its genius using stream of consciousness in a way I d never heard before 103 Stereogum reviewing Operation Doomsday on its 20th anniversary noted Dumile s formative influence on younger rappers 94 El P of Run the Jewels described him as a writer s writer 104 while Q Tip called him your favorite rapper s favorite rapper 105 A biography by author S H Fernando entitled The Chronicles of DOOM Unraveling Rap s Masked Iconoclast is scheduled to be released October 29 2024 106 Personal lifeDumile was married to Jasmine Dumile for an unknown period until his death in October 2020 The couple had five children 2 Dumile s son Malachi died at the age of 14 from unspecified causes in late 2017 107 Views Dumile s religious worldview was informed by Islam and the Afrocentrism espoused by African American Muslims His parents raised him and his brother as Muslims in the Five Percent Nation a religious black nationalist movement influenced by Islam 26 Dumile s father taught him about pan African history including historical figures such as Marcus Garvey and Elijah Muhammad lessons that he then strove to impart upon his peers 108 By the early 1990s Dumile and the other members of KMD identified as a member of the Ansaar Allah Community later known as the Nuwaubian Nation 109 In their music the members of KMD professed a religious message based on tenets of Nuwaubianism which Dumile distinguished from Five Percent beliefs in an early interview 110 In the music video for Peachfuzz Dumile and the other members of KMD wear kufi caps 111 By 2000 though he was no longer as strictly observant Dumile still participated in Nuwaubian events such as the Savior s Day celebration at the Tama Re compound in Georgia and held a positive opinion of the community 112 Citizenship Although Dumile lived in the United States for most of his life he never became a naturalized citizen 70 113 He acquired a British passport prior to his 2010 European tour after completing the tour later that year he was refused re entry to the United States 114 The European tour was only his second international tour and he had previously avoided leaving the United States he had believed he would be able to secure reentry based on his long term residency and family connections 114 The denial of reentry forced Dumile apart from his wife and children and for nearly two years he saw them only via video calls or during their brief visits to the United Kingdom They were reunited when his family moved to London in 2012 5 That year Dumile said he was done with the United States 114 At the time of his death he was living in Leeds 2 DeathIn October 2020 Dumile was admitted to St James s University Hospital in Leeds England after suffering respiratory problems 115 On October 31 he died from angioedema a rare reaction to a blood pressure medication he had been recently prescribed He had suffered from high blood pressure and kidney disease 115 Due to the COVID 19 lockdown Dumile s wife Jasmine was not allowed to visit him in the hospital until the day of his death 115 Jasmine announced Dumile s death on December 31 2020 116 The cause of death was not announced until July 2023 115 Many musicians made tributes to Dumile 117 118 Dumile s 2004 instrumental track Coffin Nails was included on U S President Joe Biden s inauguration playlist 119 The track s inclusion was criticized by some of Dumile s fans as Biden was vice president in 2010 when Dumile was refused reentry to the United States 120 Selected discographyMain articles MF Doom discography and MF Doom production discography See also KMD Discography Solo albums Operation Doomsday 1999 Take Me to Your Leader 2003 as King Geedorah Vaudeville Villain 2003 as Viktor Vaughn VV 2 2004 as Viktor Vaughn Mm Food 2004 Born Like This 2009 as Doom Collaborative albums Mr Hood 1991 as Zev Love X with KMD Black Bastards 2000 as Zev Love X with KMD Madvillainy 2004 with Madlib as Madvillain Special Herbs Spices Volume 1 2004 with MF Grimm The Mouse and the Mask 2005 with Danger Mouse as Danger Doom Key to the Kuffs 2012 with Jneiro Jarel as JJ Doom NehruvianDoom 2014 with Bishop Nehru as NehruvianDoom Czarface Meets Metal Face 2018 with Czarface Super What 2021 with Czarface Footnotes Dumile s birth certificate provides his name as Dumile Daniel Thompson Variations like Daniel Dumile Thompson and Dumile Thompson Dumile appear in other records In his life as a public figure Daniel Dumile was the name most commonly used to refer to him 1 Sources differ on when precisely Dumile first performed with his face obscured Also spelled Ghidora 33 or Ghidra 34 References a b c d e Yoo Noah June 22 2021 Untangling MF DOOM s Lifelong Struggle With the U S Immigration System Pitchfork Retrieved September 17 2021 a b c Robinson Andrew July 4 2023 Heartbroken wife of famous musician has unanswered question after sudden death in Leeds Leeds Live Retrieved July 4 2023 a b Everyone Including Us Thought January 9th was MF DOOM s Birthday It s Not Okayplayer January 9 2021 Archived from the original on January 10 2021 Retrieved January 10 2021 Weingarten Christopher R January 12 2021 MF Doom Influenced Scores of Musicians Hear 11 of Them The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 15 2021 Retrieved May 2 2021 a b c Lester Paul August 16 2012 Doom It s all new all fun The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 ProQuest 1033747721 Archived from the 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LeRoy Dan Artist Biography AllMusic Retrieved September 28 2010 a b Coleman Brian 2004 Turn Up the Phonograph Dante Ross Wax Poetics 9 ISBN 9780307494429 ISSN 1537 8241 OCLC 48433218 Chick Stevie January 1 2021 MF Doom a hip hop genius who built his own universe of poetry The Guardian Archived from the original on January 3 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 Turner Williams Jaelani November 15 2019 Impending DOOM MM FOOD Warned You 15 Years Ago Complex Archived from the original on November 18 2020 Retrieved May 2 2021 Fortune Drew January 28 2021 The Unknowable MF DOOM Vulture Archived from the original on February 25 2021 Retrieved May 2 2021 Coleman Brian April 10 2016 Check The Technique The Birth of MF Doom Medium Archived from the original on November 15 2019 Retrieved February 5 2021 a b Ducker Eric November 6 2014 A Rational Conversation The 20 Year Old Album That s MF DOOM s Missing Link NPR Archived from the original on January 1 2021 Retrieved January 1 2021 a b Hsu 2005 p 48 a b 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ISSN 1074 6978 a b c Coates Ta Nehisi September 21 2009 The Mask of Metal Face Doom The New Yorker Archived from the original on May 8 2017 Retrieved December 31 2020 a b Lyons Patrick April 19 2019 Operation Doomsday Turns 20 Stereogum Archived from the original on January 26 2021 Retrieved January 30 2021 Jenkins Craig January 4 2021 Hip Hop Needs No Other Supervillain After MF DOOM Vulture Archived from the original on January 30 2021 Retrieved March 7 2021 Masked rapper MF Doom dead at 49 CBC News Associated Press December 31 2020 Archived from the original on January 1 2021 Retrieved January 1 2021 LeRoy Dan Artist Biography AllMusic Retrieved September 28 2010 Ryon Sean July 27 2012 Graffiti Writer KEO Discusses Origin And Creation Of MF DOOM s Mask HipHopDX Archived from the original on January 27 2016 Retrieved August 14 2016 Ortiz Edwin October 21 2008 MF DOOM Addresses Rumors Of Fake Performances HipHopDX Archived from the original on July 3 2011 Retrieved January 1 2021 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and Work Explored in New Biography Exclaim Retrieved April 4 2024 Rose Sandra January 1 2021 Rapper MF DOOM s cause of death revealed sandrarose com Retrieved September 11 2022 Pappademas 2004 p 97 Fuertes Knight Jo June 14 2013 The Evolution of MF Doom vice com Archived from the original on January 31 2021 Retrieved January 1 2021 Wilder 1991 p 37 Pappademas 2004 p 96 Heimlich Adam November 8 2000 Black Egypt A Visit to Tama Re New York Press Vol 13 no 45 Archived from the original on November 9 2005 Suarez Gary February 7 2019 21 Savage s ICE Detention Spotlights Hip Hop s History With Deportation Vibe ProQuest 2176981232 a b c Yates Steve April 2012 The Exile Factor Q No 309 Archived from the original on November 12 2020 via Photobucket scan of original print article a b c d Dunworth Liberty July 5 2023 MF Doom s cause of death revealed NME Retrieved July 5 2023 Atkinson Katie December 31 2020 Masked Rapper MF Doom Dies at 49 Billboard Archived from the original on January 26 2021 Retrieved May 2 2021 Here s How The World Reacted To MF DOOM s Passing Cool Accidents Music Blog Retrieved April 27 2022 Tributes paid to legendary rapper MF DOOM who has died aged 49 NME December 31 2020 Retrieved April 27 2022 Kaufman Gil January 15 2021 Official Biden Harris Inauguration Playlist Features Kendrick Lamar Bob Marley MF Doom Led Zeppelin Billboard Retrieved December 9 2022 MF DOOM fans hit out at his inclusion on Joe Biden s inauguration playlist NME January 18 2021 Retrieved April 27 2022 Sources Bradley Adam DuBois Andrew Lee eds 2010 The Anthology of Rap Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 14190 0 OCLC 601348010 Hsu Hua March 2005 The Mask of Sorrow The Wire No 253 pp 44 49 via Exact Editions subscription required Pappademas Alex December 2004 Imminent Doom Spin Vol 20 no 12 pp 94 97 via Google Books Young Hershini Bhana 2014 Twenty First Century Post Humans The Rise of the See J In DeFrantz Thomas F Gonzalez Anita eds Black Performance Theory Duke University Press doi 10 1215 9780822377016 ISBN 978 0 8223 5607 3 JSTOR j ctv11cvzpk Vognar Chris 2011 This Ain t Funny So Don t You Dare Laugh Transition 104 Indiana University Press 102 120 doi 10 2979 transition 2011 104 102 Wilder Chris August 1991 I m is a God The Source No 23 pp 36 37 Archived from the original on January 2 2021 via babylonfalling com Further readingAllen Ryan 2006 MF Doom In Pilchak Angela M ed Contemporary Musicians Vol 54 Thomson Gale pp 141 143 ISBN 978 1 4144 0557 5 OCLC 728679037 Callahan Bever Noah January 9 2012 International God of Mystery An M F n Look Back With M F Doom Ego Trip 12 Archived from the original on February 1 2012 Hess Mickey July 2005 Metal Faces Rap Masks Identity and Resistance in Hip Hop s Persona Artist Popular Music and Society 28 3 Routledge 297 311 doi 10 1080 03007760500105149 S2CID 191570328 2007 The Rap Persona Is Hip Hop Dead The Past Present and Future of America s Most Wanted Music Praeger pp 69 88 ISBN 978 1 56720 721 7 OCLC 181163529 via the Internet Archive Levine Mike September 3 2014 MF Doom Dumile Daniel Grove Music Online Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article A2267192 Ramirez J Jesse December 28 2020 Keeping It Unreal Rap Racecraft and MF Doom Humanities 10 5 MDPI 5 doi 10 3390 h10010005 Westhoff Ben November 8 2006 Private Enemy The Village Voice pp 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 ProQuest 232270364 External linksOfficial website nbsp MF Doom at AllMusic nbsp MF Doom discography at Discogs nbsp 2aa5bd46 43ba 4a09 9c7e 20b07036db51 21cb44eb 3f6b 4f55 9a0d c36a517f8d36 ec7d20eb 769d 4e50 be80 175e370155cf 343ce4fa 54b3 47b8 bd27 b379cf50f7ff 2a827687 f114 46fe 9e5d 74acb7d33995 52ebcc60 2bd9 47c6 8150 fe668ace76e1 MF Doom discography at MusicBrainz nbsp MF Doom on SoundCloud nbsp MF Doom on Twitter nbsp MF Doom at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Data from Wikidata Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title MF Doom amp oldid 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