Melvin Belli
Melvin Mouron Belli (July 29, 1907 – July 9, 1996)[2] was a United States lawyer and writer known as "The King of Torts" and by insurance companies as "Melvin Bellicose". He had many celebrity clients, including Zsa Zsa Gabor, Errol Flynn, Chuck Berry, Muhammad Ali, The Rolling Stones, Jim Bakker and Tammy Faye Bakker, Martha Mitchell, Maureen Connolly, Lana Turner, Tony Curtis, and Mae West. During his legal career, he won over $600 million in damages for his clients.[3][better source needed] He was also the attorney for Jack Ruby, who shot Lee Harvey Oswald days after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
Melvin Belli | |
|---|---|
Belli in 1967 | |
| Born | Melvin Mouron Belli July 29, 1907 Sonora, California, U.S. |
| Died | July 9, 1996 (aged 88) San Francisco, California, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Lawyer, author |
| Spouses | Elizabeth Ballantine (m. 1933; div. 1951)Toni Nichols (m. 1951; div. 1954)Joy Maybelle Turney (m. 1956; div. 1965)Lia Georgia Triff (m. 1972; div. 1991)Nancy Ho (m. 1996) |
| Children | 6 |
Early life Edit
Belli was born in the California Gold Rush town of Sonora, California in the Sierra Nevada foothills.[4] His parents were of Italian ancestry from Switzerland.[5] His grandmother, Anna Mouron, was the first female pharmacist in California. By the 1920s, the family had moved to the Central Valley city of Stockton, California, where Belli attended the now-defunct Stockton High School.
Belli graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1929. After traveling around the world, he returned to Berkeley and received his law degree from the institution in 1933.[6][7]
Career Edit
Following his admission to the California bar, his first job was posing as a hobo for the Works Progress Administration and riding the rails to observe the Depression's impact on the country's vagrant population. His first major legal victory came shortly after graduation, in a personal injury lawsuit representing an injured cable car gripman. Over insurance lawyers' objections, Belli brought a model of a cable car intersection, and the gear box and chain involved in the accident, to demonstrate to jurors exactly what had happened.[8]
Besides his personal injury cases, which earned for him his byname "King of Torts,"[4] Belli was instrumental in setting up some of the foundations of modern consumer rights law, arguing several cases in the 1940s and 1950s that formed the basis for later lawsuits and landmark litigation by such figures as Ralph Nader. Belli argued (in cases such as Escola v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co., in 1944, which arose from an incident in which a restaurant waitress from Merced, California was injured by an exploding Coca-Cola bottle) that all products have an implied warranty, that it is to be foreseen that products will be used by a long chain of people, not just the direct recipient of the manufactured product, and that negligence by a defendant need not be proven if the defendant's product is defective, a doctrine known as strict liability in product defect actions.
In his book Ready for the Plaintiff, Belli noted examples of negligence cited by himself and other personal-injury lawyers to win in court—for example, a colleague in Florida, who showed how a builder violated a building code in Miami Beach concerning the use of wooden shims in construction of outside walls (forbidden by the municipal code because of the effect of the ocean salt and air). The facing was a slab of vitreous marble, whose adhesion was weakened by the climate; it fell off the side of the building and injured a passerby, who sued the builder. After winning a court case, Belli would raise a Jolly Roger flag over his office building in the Barbary Coast district of San Francisco (which Belli claimed had been a Gold Rush-era brothel) and fire a cannon, mounted on his office roof, to announce the victory and the impending party.[9]
In his best-known case, Belli represented Jack Ruby, for free, after Ruby shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald. Belli attempted to prove that Ruby was legally insane and had a history of mental illness in his family. On Saturday, March 14, 1964, Ruby was convicted of "murder with malice", and received a death sentence. Immediately thereafter, Ruby and his siblings fired Belli as they also hired and fired several other lawyers during the case. In late 1966, Ruby's conviction was overturned with help from other defense lawyers on the grounds that he did not receive a fair trial. A retrial was scheduled outside of Dallas, but Ruby died of cancer before it could take place. Belli became very critical of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover.[citation needed]
In 1969 a man called San Francisco police, identifying himself as the serial killer known only as The Zodiac, and agreed to call talk show host Jim Dunbar on Dunbar's morning television talk show A.M. San Francisco if either Belli or attorney F. Lee Bailey were present on air. The police contacted Belli and Dunbar to arrange this in the hopes of capturing the individual. As promised, the suspect called, spoke a few words, and then hung up, repeating this activity 54 times over the next two hours.[10] Belli received a letter from the Zodiac that same year.[11]
Belli's firm filed for bankruptcy protection in December 1995. Belli was representing 800 women in a class action lawsuit against breast implant manufacturer Dow Corning. Belli won the lawsuit, but when Dow Corning declared bankruptcy, Belli had no way to recover the $5 million his firm had advanced to doctors and expert witnesses.[citation needed]
In the 1960s, Belli was among the leading members of the California plaintiffs bar who helped establish the California Trial Lawyers Association, which in the mid-1990s was renamed the Consumer Attorneys of California. The organization was established to help set standards and foment on-going legal education to help consumers have a better chance in court against the powerful legal teams amassed by the insurance companies and big corporations that typically were the defendants in accident, personal injury and other consumer lawsuits.[12]
In media Edit
Belli was the executive producer of Tokyo File 212 (1951), Hollywood's first film to be shot entirely in Japan.[13] It featured Florence Marly and Robert Peyton in key roles.[14]
Belli enjoyed his frequent television and movie appearances; in 1965, he told Alex Haley, interviewing him for Playboy, that he "might have been an actor" if he had not become an attorney.[citation needed]
Belli appeared in "And the Children Shall Lead", a 1968 episode of the original Star Trek series. In it he appears as "Gorgan, the Friendly Angel", an evil being who corrupts a group of children, one of whom was played by his son Caesar.[15]
He appeared in the Albert and David Maysles documentary Gimme Shelter (1970), which featured his representation and facilitation of The Rolling Stones' staging of the disastrous December 6, 1969, Altamont Free Concert.
In 1986 he played a criminal defense lawyer in an episode of the TV series Hunter titled "True Confessions".[3][better source needed]
In 1996 Belli recited the oratory to David Woodard's brass fanfare setting of Mark Twain's "The War Prayer" at Old First Church in San Francisco.[16]
Belli was played by Brian Cox in the 2007 film Zodiac in the scene that depicted Belli's conversation with the Zodiac suspect on A.M. San Francisco.[11]
Big Black guitarist Santiago Durango used Belli's name as a pseudonym in the credits of the last Big Black studio album, Songs About Fucking, as a nod to the fact that Durango was going to attend law school after Big Black disbanded.
Author Edit
Belli was the author of several books, including the six-volume Modern Trials (written between 1954 and 1960) which has become a classic textbook on the demonstrative method of presenting evidence. Belli's unprecedented — and some thought undignified [who?] — use of graphic evidence and expert witnesses later became common courtroom practice. His autobiography My Life on Trial is an account of his life and the noteworthy events he was involved in during his career. He also wrote the introduction to 847.0 The Whiplash Injury by L. Ted Frigard, D.C. published in 1970. Dr. Frigard had helped Belli with his pain through chiropractic care. With John Carlova, Belli also wrote the book "Belli For Your Malpractice Defense" to advise doctors how to avoid legal problems. [17]
Personal life Edit
Belli was married six times and divorced five.[4] His marriage to his fifth wife, the former Lia Georgia Triff, ended with a scandalous and acrimonious divorce proceeding in 1991. Belli accused his ex-wife of having an affair with archbishop Desmond Tutu and of throwing one of his dogs off the Golden Gate Bridge. He was fined $1,000 for repeatedly calling her "El Trampo". At one point, Belli was ejected from the courtroom after accusing the judge of sleeping with his former wife's lawyer.[18] He was ultimately compelled to pay her an estimated $15 million. She later married Romanian prince Prince Paul of Romania. Belli married his sixth wife, Nancy Ho, on March 29, 1996.[4] His youngest child, Melia, from fifth wife Lia, became an art history scholar, and is currently an assistant professor of Asian art history at the University of Texas at Arlington.[19]
Death Edit
Belli died of complications from pancreatic cancer at his home in San Francisco on July 9, 1996, aged 88.[4] His death came suddenly, and in the presence of his wife Nancy. The New York Times' quoted his publicist Edward Lozzi: "He was sitting; he just stopped breathing".[20] At the time of his death, he had three sons, three daughters, twelve grandchildren, and two dogs.[4] He is buried in Odd Fellows Cemetery in Sonora, California, his birthplace.
Bibliography Edit
- 1950, The Voice of Modern Trials
- 1951, The Adequate Award
- 1952, The More Adequate Award
- 1952, The More Adequate Award and the Flying Saucers
- 1954, Modern Trials (6 volumes)
- 1955, The Use of Demonstrative Evidence in Achieving the More Adequate Award
- 1955, Medical Malpractice
- 1956, Blood Money Ready for the Plaintiff
- 1956, Ready for the Plaintiff: A Story of Personal Injury Law
- 1959, Modern Damages (6 volumes)
- 1960, Belli Looks at Life and Law in Japan
- 1963, Belli Looks at Life and Law in Russia
- 1964, Dallas Justice: The Real Story of Jack Ruby And His Trial
- 1967, Trial Tactics
- 1968, Criminal Law
- 1968, The Law Revolt: A Summary of Trends in Modern Criminal and Civil Law
- 1968, The Law Revolution
- 1971, Angela: A Revealing Close-Up of the Woman And the Trial
- 1976, My Life on Trial: An Autobiography
- 1983, The Belli Files
- 1986, Everybody's Guide to the Law (co-author Allen P. Wilkinson)
Filmography (as actor) Edit
- 1968, Star Trek (as Gorgan in the episode "And the Children Shall Lead")
- 1968, Wild in the Streets (as himself)
- 1970, Gimme Shelter (as himself)
- 1972, Arnie (TV Series, as Jonathan Berrenger, lawyer)
- 1973, Ground Zero (a.k.a. The Golden Gate Is Ground Zero)
- 1978, Lady of the House (TV, as Mayor Jim of San Francisco)
- 1979, Whodunnit? (TV series, as himself)
- 1984, Guilty or Innocent (TV series, as himself)
- 1988, Hunter (TV series, as himself in the episode "True Confessions")
- 1991, Murder, She Wrote (TV series, as Judge Harley in the episode "From the Horse's Mouth")
- 2000, American Justice, "Divorce Wars" (TV series)
References Edit
- ^ https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/belli-melvin-mouron[bare URL]
- ^ Severo, Richard (1996-07-11). "Melvin Belli Dies at 88; Flamboyant Lawyer Relished His Role as Kingof Torts". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
- ^ a b Biography for Melvin Belli at IMDb
- ^ a b c d e f Jim Herron (1996-07-10). "King of Torts' Belli dead at 88:Flamboyant lawyer who pioneered product liability, personal injury law". San Francisco Examiner.
- ^ Helmore, Edward (July 11, 1996). "Obituaries: Melvin Belli". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-12. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- ^ "Marquis Biographies Online".
- ^ Starr, Kevin (2009). Golden Dreams: California In An Age Of Abundance 1950-1963. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-19-515377-4.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-02-07. Retrieved 2014-08-15.
- ^ Davis, Lisa (12 April 2000). "Battle Belli". San Francisco Weekly. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
- ^ Whiting, Sam (June 27, 2000). "Last Call / Innovator Jim Dunbar retiring after 37 years at KGO Newstalk radio". San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ a b Graysmith, Robert (2002). Zodiac Unmasked: The Identity of America's Most Elusive Serial Killer Revealed. New York: Berkley Books. pp. 13. ISBN 0-425-18332-7.
- ^ Preston, J.G. "A Day in Palm Springs" (PDF). Forum magazine. Consumer Attorneys of California. Retrieved 18 May 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Tokyo File 212". American Film Institute. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
- ^ Wallace 1955, p. 239.
- ^ "Belli, Melvin". startrek.com. CBS Entertainment. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
- ^ David Woodard—"The War Prayer"
- ^ Copyright 1986 by Medical Economics Company Inc
- ^ Melvin Belli: Court Lion Fighting in His Own Lair - New York Times
- ^ . Archived from the original on June 3, 2010.
- ^ Severo, Richard (July 10, 1996). "Melvin Belli Dies at 88; Flamboyant Lawyer Relished His Role as Kingof Torts". The New York Times.
Bibliography Edit
- Melvin Belli, King of the Courtroom by Mark Shaw, Barricade Books, 2006
- Wallace, Robert (1955). Life and limb: an account of the career of Melvin M. Belli, personal-injury trial lawyer (1st ed.). Garden City, New York: Doubleday. p. 239. OCLC 644277.
External links Edit
- Finding Aid to the Melvin M. Belli papers, 1939-1989 (bulk 1955–1980) at The Bancroft Library
- 1981 television interview on "SFO with Steve Jamison," KRON-TV in San Francisco, Calif.
- Belli's 1996 rendering of "The War Prayer" (mp3)
- Melvin Belli at IMDb
- Melvin Belli at Memory Alpha
- FBI file on Melvin Belli