Attalea maripa, commonly called maripa palm[3] is a palm native to tropical South America and Trinidad and Tobago. It grows up 35 m (115 ft) tall and can have leaves or fronds 10–12 m (33–39 ft) long. This plant has a yellow ediblefruit which is oblong ovoid and cream. An edible oil can be extracted from the pulp of the fruit and from the kernel of the seed.
Attalea maripa is a large palm that grows from 3.5–20 m (11–66 ft) tall. Stems range from 20–33 cm (8–13 in) in diameter, occasionally reaching up to 100 cm (39.5 in). Trees have 10 to 22 leaves with long petioles.[4] Fruit are large and brown[4] or yellow, 5–6.5 cm (2.0–2.6 in)[5] with 2 or 3 seeds which are 4–6 cm (1.5–2.5 in) long and 2.5–3 cm (0.98–1.18 in) in diameter[4] They are borne in infructescences which can contain several hundred to over 2000 fruit.[5]
Taxonomyedit
The species was first described by FrenchbotanistJean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet in 1775 in his Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Francoise as Palma maripa. German botanist Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius transferred it to the genus Attalea in 1844. Hermann Wendland moved it to the genus Scheelea in 1878, while Carl Georg Oscar Drude moved it to Maximiliana. Otto Kuntze moved it to the genus Englerophoenix in 1891.[2]Orator F. Cook placed it in its own genus in 1940, which he named Ethnora in recognition of Aublet's as a pioneer of the anti-slavery movement.[6] Recent work has favoured maintaining all Attaleinae in a single genus, Attalea.[7]
The fruit of A. maripa are consumed by a variety of mammals. On Maracá Island, Roraima, in the Brazilian Amazon, fruit were consumed by tapirs, collared peccaries, deer and primates. Rodents, including agoutis, fed upon the fruit and, as the fruit availability declined, they fed on the seeds. They also cached seeds for later consumption. Most species consume the pulp and spit out intact seeds within a short distance of the parent tree. Tapirs swallow the entire fruit and defaecate intact seeds further away from parent trees. Most of the seeds that were not removed from the vicinity of the parent trees were killed by larvae of the bean weevil (Bruchid beetle) Pachymerus cardo. Beetle larvae killed 77% of seeds that were not dispersed away from the parent trees, but less than 1% of seeds that were dispersed to tapir latrines.[5]
In Trinidad, A. maripa is a characteristic species in the savannas that develop when forests are converted to grasslands through repeated fires. British forester J. S. Beard termed these savannas "Cocorite Savannas" (after the local name for A. maripa).[8]
Usesedit
Carbonised Attalea maripa seeds have been found in archaeological sites in Colombia dating back to 9000 BP.[12] The Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador use the mesocarps for food. They use the petiole and leaf rachis to make blowgun darts and sleeping mats, the petioles for torches, the pinnae for kindling and the stems for firewood.[9] In addition to using is as a food species, Kayapó of Brazil use the species as a source of salt, and value it because it attracts wildlife.[11] The leaves are also used for thatching.[4]
Edible oil can be extracted from the mesocarp and kernel of A. maripa. Oleic acid is the predominant fatty acid in oil extracted from the mesocarp, while lauric acid predominates in the kernel. About half of the fatty acids in the mesocarp oil are saturated and half unsaturated. The tocopherol content of the mesocarp oil was average (in comparison to other edible oils) while the kernel oil was low in tocopherols.[10]
^Barker, A. (2021). "Attalea maripa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T66829050A66836478. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T66829050A66836478.en. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
^ abc"Attalea maripa". WCSP World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
^ abcFragoso, Jose M. V. (1997). "Tapir-Generated Seed Shadows: Scale-Dependent Patchiness in the Amazon Rain Forest". Journal of Ecology. 85 (4). British Ecological Society: 519–29. doi:10.2307/2960574. JSTOR 2960574.
^Cook, O. F. (1940). "Aublet the botanist, a pioneer against slavery, with a memorial genus of palms". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 30 (7): 294–99.
^Govaerts, R.; J. Henderson; S.F. Zona; D.R. Hodel; A. Henderson (2006). . The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 21 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-06.
^ abBeard, J. S. (1953). "The Savanna Vegetation of Northern Tropical America". Ecological Monographs. 23 (2). Ecological Society of America: 149–215. doi:10.2307/1948518. JSTOR 1948518.
^ abcdeMacía, Manuel J. (2004). "Multiplicity in palm uses by the Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 144 (2): 149–59. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2003.00248.x.
^ abBereau, Didier; Bouchra Benjelloun-Mlayah; Michel Delmas (2001). "Maximiliana maripa Drude mesocarp and kernel oils: Fatty acid and total tocopherol compositions". Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 78 (2): 213–14. doi:10.1007/s11746-001-0245-8. S2CID 84280800.
^ abPosey, Darrell Addison (1985). "Indigenous management of tropical forest ecosystems: the case of the Kayapó indians of the Brazilian Amazon". Agroforestry Systems. 3 (2): 139–58. doi:10.1007/BF00122640. S2CID 20326757.
^Morcote-Ríos, Gaspar; Rodrigo Bernal (2001). "Remains of palms (Palmae) at archaeological sites in the New World: A review". Botanical Review. 67 (3): 309–50. doi:10.1007/BF02858098. S2CID 46582757.
University of Melbourne: Synonyms of Attalea maripa
Media related to Attalea maripa at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Attalea maripa at Wikispecies
May 04, 2024
attalea, maripa, commonly, called, maripa, palm, palm, native, tropical, south, america, trinidad, tobago, grows, tall, have, leaves, fronds, long, this, plant, yellow, edible, fruit, which, oblong, ovoid, cream, edible, extracted, from, pulp, fruit, from, ker. Attalea maripa commonly called maripa palm 3 is a palm native to tropical South America and Trinidad and Tobago It grows up 35 m 115 ft tall and can have leaves or fronds 10 12 m 33 39 ft long This plant has a yellow edible fruit which is oblong ovoid and cream An edible oil can be extracted from the pulp of the fruit and from the kernel of the seed Attalea maripa Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Monocots Clade Commelinids Order Arecales Family Arecaceae Genus Attalea Species A maripa Binomial name Attalea maripa Aubl Mart Synonyms 2 Palma maripa Aubl Attalea cryptanthera Wess Boer Attalea macropetala Burret Wess Boer Attalea regia Mart Wess Boer Englerophoenix caribaeum Griseb amp H Wendl Kuntze Englerophoenix longirostrata Barb Rodr Barb Rodr Englerophoenix maripa Aubl Kuntze Englerophoenix regia Mart Kuntze Ethnora maripa Mart O F Cook Maximiliana caribaea Griseb amp H Wendl in A H R Grisebach Maximiliana elegans H Karst Maximiliana longirostrata Barb Rodr Maximiliana macrogyne Burret Maximiliana macropetala Burret Maximiliana maripa Aubl Drude in C F P von Martius amp auct suc Maximiliana martiana H Karst Maximiliana regia Mart Maximiliana stenocarpa Burret Maximiliana tetrasticha Drude in C F P von Martius amp auct suc Scheelea maripa Aubl H Wendl in O C E de Kerchove de Denterghem Scheelea tetrasticha Drude Burret Temenia regia Mart O F Cook Attalea maripa MHNT Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 2 1 Vernacular names 3 Distribution 4 Ecology 5 Uses 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Notes 7 2 Further reading 8 External linksDescription editAttalea maripa is a large palm that grows from 3 5 20 m 11 66 ft tall Stems range from 20 33 cm 8 13 in in diameter occasionally reaching up to 100 cm 39 5 in Trees have 10 to 22 leaves with long petioles 4 Fruit are large and brown 4 or yellow 5 6 5 cm 2 0 2 6 in 5 with 2 or 3 seeds which are 4 6 cm 1 5 2 5 in long and 2 5 3 cm 0 98 1 18 in in diameter 4 They are borne in infructescences which can contain several hundred to over 2000 fruit 5 Taxonomy editThe species was first described by French botanist Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusee Aublet in 1775 in his Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Francoise as Palma maripa German botanist Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius transferred it to the genus Attalea in 1844 Hermann Wendland moved it to the genus Scheelea in 1878 while Carl Georg Oscar Drude moved it to Maximiliana Otto Kuntze moved it to the genus Englerophoenix in 1891 2 Orator F Cook placed it in its own genus in 1940 which he named Ethnora in recognition of Aublet s as a pioneer of the anti slavery movement 6 Recent work has favoured maintaining all Attaleinae in a single genus Attalea 7 Vernacular names edit Common names of Attalea maripa Common name Usage Anaja Brazil 4 Cocorite Trinidad and Tobago 8 Cucurito Venezuela 4 Cusi Bolivia 4 Gaibamo fruit Huaroni Ecuador 9 Gaibawe adult Huaroni 9 Guichire Colombia 4 Inaja Brazil 10 Inajai Brazil 4 Inayo Ecuador 4 Inayuga Peru 4 Kukarit Guyana 4 Maripa French Guiana Suriname 4 Namba juvenile plant Huaroni 9 Wencayapa juvenile plant Huaroni 9 Rikre Kakapo Brazil 11 Distribution editAttalea maripa ranges from Trinidad and Tobago in the north to Bolivia in the south It is present in Colombia Venezuela Guyana Suriname French Guiana Ecuador Peru and Brazil 2 It is found in lowland forests and disturbed areas on soils that are not usually flooded 4 Ecology editThe fruit of A maripa are consumed by a variety of mammals On Maraca Island Roraima in the Brazilian Amazon fruit were consumed by tapirs collared peccaries deer and primates Rodents including agoutis fed upon the fruit and as the fruit availability declined they fed on the seeds They also cached seeds for later consumption Most species consume the pulp and spit out intact seeds within a short distance of the parent tree Tapirs swallow the entire fruit and defaecate intact seeds further away from parent trees Most of the seeds that were not removed from the vicinity of the parent trees were killed by larvae of the bean weevil Bruchid beetle Pachymerus cardo Beetle larvae killed 77 of seeds that were not dispersed away from the parent trees but less than 1 of seeds that were dispersed to tapir latrines 5 In Trinidad A maripa is a characteristic species in the savannas that develop when forests are converted to grasslands through repeated fires British forester J S Beard termed these savannas Cocorite Savannas after the local name for A maripa 8 Uses editCarbonised Attalea maripa seeds have been found in archaeological sites in Colombia dating back to 9000 BP 12 The Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador use the mesocarps for food They use the petiole and leaf rachis to make blowgun darts and sleeping mats the petioles for torches the pinnae for kindling and the stems for firewood 9 In addition to using is as a food species Kayapo of Brazil use the species as a source of salt and value it because it attracts wildlife 11 The leaves are also used for thatching 4 Edible oil can be extracted from the mesocarp and kernel of A maripa Oleic acid is the predominant fatty acid in oil extracted from the mesocarp while lauric acid predominates in the kernel About half of the fatty acids in the mesocarp oil are saturated and half unsaturated The tocopherol content of the mesocarp oil was average in comparison to other edible oils while the kernel oil was low in tocopherols 10 See also editList of plants of Amazon Rainforest vegetation of Brazil List of palms of the CaribbeanReferences editNotes edit Barker A 2021 Attalea maripa IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 e T66829050A66836478 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2021 2 RLTS T66829050A66836478 en Retrieved 10 December 2022 a b c Attalea maripa WCSP World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Retrieved 2008 09 07 Attalea maripa Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 17 December 2017 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Henderson Andrew Gloria Galeano Rodrigo Bernal 1995 Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas Princeton New Jersey Princeton University Press ISBN 0 691 08537 4 a b c Fragoso Jose M V 1997 Tapir Generated Seed Shadows Scale Dependent Patchiness in the Amazon Rain Forest Journal of Ecology 85 4 British Ecological Society 519 29 doi 10 2307 2960574 JSTOR 2960574 Cook O F 1940 Aublet the botanist a pioneer against slavery with a memorial genus of palms Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 30 7 294 99 Govaerts R J Henderson S F Zona D R Hodel A Henderson 2006 World Checklist of Arecaceae The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Archived from the original on 21 February 2007 Retrieved 2007 02 06 a b Beard J S 1953 The Savanna Vegetation of Northern Tropical America Ecological Monographs 23 2 Ecological Society of America 149 215 doi 10 2307 1948518 JSTOR 1948518 a b c d e Macia Manuel J 2004 Multiplicity in palm uses by the Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 144 2 149 59 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2003 00248 x a b Bereau Didier Bouchra Benjelloun Mlayah Michel Delmas 2001 Maximiliana maripa Drude mesocarp and kernel oils Fatty acid and total tocopherol compositions Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 78 2 213 14 doi 10 1007 s11746 001 0245 8 S2CID 84280800 a b Posey Darrell Addison 1985 Indigenous management of tropical forest ecosystems the case of the Kayapo indians of the Brazilian Amazon Agroforestry Systems 3 2 139 58 doi 10 1007 BF00122640 S2CID 20326757 Morcote Rios Gaspar Rodrigo Bernal 2001 Remains of palms Palmae at archaeological sites in the New World A review Botanical Review 67 3 309 50 doi 10 1007 BF02858098 S2CID 46582757 Further reading edit Schultes Richard E 1974 Palms and religion in the northeast Amazon Principes 18 1 3 21 Astrocaryum vulgare Bactris gasipaes Euterpe oleracea E precatoria Leopoldinia piassaba Maximiliana martiana Oenocarpus bacaba Socratea exorrhizaExternal links editUniversity of Melbourne Synonyms of Attalea maripa nbsp Media related to Attalea maripa at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Attalea maripa at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Attalea maripa amp oldid 1208719102, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
