Mark Malloch Brown
George Mark Malloch Brown, Baron Malloch-Brown[b] KCMG PC (born 16 September 1953) is a British diplomat, communications consultant, journalist and former politician serving as president of Open Society Foundations since 2021, having previously served as Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations under Kofi Annan from April to December 2006. A former member of the Labour Party, he served as Minister of State for Africa and the United Nations in the Brown government from 2007 to 2009.
The Lord Malloch-Brown | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 2007 | |
| Minister of State for Africa and the United Nations | |
| In office 28 June 2007 – 24 July 2009 | |
| Prime Minister | Gordon Brown |
| Preceded by | Brian Wilson[a] |
| Succeeded by | The Baroness Kinnock of Holyhead |
| 2nd Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations | |
| In office 1 April 2006 – 31 December 2006 | |
| Secretary‑General | Kofi Annan |
| Preceded by | Louise Fréchette |
| Succeeded by | Asha-Rose Migiro |
| Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme | |
| In office 1 July 1999 – 15 August 2005 | |
| Secretary‑General | Kofi Annan |
| Preceded by | James Speth |
| Succeeded by | Kemal Derviş |
| Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal | |
| Assumed office 9 July 2007 Life Peerage | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | George Mark Malloch Brown 16 September 1953 London, England, UK |
| Political party | Labour (former) Crossbench |
| Spouse | Trish Cronan (m. 1989) |
| Children | 4 |
| Education | Magdalene College, Cambridge (BA) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (MA) |
Born in Marylebone, Malloch Brown studied at Magdalene College, Cambridge and the University of Michigan. He was political correspondent for The Economist between 1977 and 1979 and then worked for the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1979 to 1983. After acting as lead international partner at American public relations firm Sawyer-Miller, he was development specialist at the World Bank from 1994 to 1999, administrator of the United Nations Development Programme from 1999 to 2005 and United Nations Deputy Secretary-General from April to December 2006.
Malloch Brown joined the government of Gordon Brown in 2007 at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and was elevated to the House of Lords as a life peer. After stepping down from the government in 2009 due to family and personal reasons, he was appointed chairman of global affairs for FTI Consulting a year later. In 2014, he was appointed chairman of the board of directors of election technology manufacturer Smartmatic's holding company. In December 2020, he was chosen to serve as president of Open Society Foundations starting in January 2021.
Early life and career edit
Malloch Brown was born in September 1953 in Marylebone to an exiled South African diplomat.[1][2][3][4][5] He was educated at Marlborough College,[6] and earned a First Class Honours Degree in History from Magdalene College, Cambridge and a master's degree in political science from the University of Michigan.[7]
Malloch Brown was the political correspondent at The Economist between 1977 and 1979.[8] Following this he worked for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1979 to 1983, where he worked for Kofi Annan, and was stationed in Thailand (1979 to 1981)[8] where he was in charge of field operations for Cambodian refugees and supervised the construction of camps at Sa Kaeo and Khao-I-Dang.[9] In this period the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees was awarded the 1981 Nobel Peace Prize, the second time it had been awarded the prize.[10] In 1983, he returned to The Economist as the founding editor of the Economist Development Report, a position he retained until 1986.[8][10]
Malloch Brown contemplated running for the Social Democratic Party at the 1983 United Kingdom general election but was not selected as a candidate.[11]
Sawyer-Miller (1986–1994) edit
Malloch Brown was the lead international partner at the US-based Sawyer-Miller Group communications consultancy from 1986 to 1994;[8] he ultimately co-owned the Group with three other partners.[10] The Group was among the first communication consultants to use US-style election campaign methods for foreign governments, companies, and public policy debates.[11] Malloch Brown "worked extensively on privatisation and other economic reform issues with leaders in Eastern Europe and Russia".[10]
Malloch Brown focused much of his public relations energies on advising politicians in Latin America.[10] He advised Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada's 1989 presidential campaign in Bolivia.[12] In Peru, he assisted Mario Vargas Llosa with his 1990 presidential campaign, though Vargas Llosa did not heed his advice and lost to Alberto Fujimori despite having an initial lead in polls.[13] In Chile, Malloch Brown advised the opposition in its successful challenge to former dictator Augusto Pinochet.[8][14][15] In Colombia, he advised the government on how to shed "its image as the political wing of the Medellin cartel"[14]
In the Philippines, Malloch Brown worked with Corazon Aquino in the campaign against Ferdinand Marcos. Malloch Brown wrote Aquino's victory speech which she recited days before voting results were to be released since her campaign assumed that Marcos claim victory as well.[16] He stated that an "outstanding accomplishment during the Cory campaign was to produce an exit poll that indicated that she had won".[17]
World Bank (1994–1999) edit
In 1994, Malloch Brown joined the World Bank as Vice-President for External Affairs, which included responsibility for relations with the United Nations. He used his experience to good effect at the bank, helping to transform its reputation: "under his guidance, the bank blitzed opinion-makers with full-page newspaper advertisements and a television campaign to change perceptions of it as an arrogant institution unwilling to heed outsiders. To his credit, the institution gradually gained a reputation as a 'listening bank', unlike its more aloof sister institution, the International Monetary Fund."[14]
United Nations (1999–2006) edit
Malloch Brown moved back to the United Nations as Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in July 1999, remaining in this position until August 2005.[6]
He led the UN's creation of the Millennium Development Goals which were adopted at the UN Millennium Summit in December 2000,[10] later recounting the draft had gone to the printers without an environmental goal when Malloch Brown passed the head of the UN environment programme in a corridor, leading to the rapid addition of MDG number 7.[18]
While serving as United Nations Development Programme Administrator, Malloch Brown spoke beside George Soros in 2002 suggesting that United Nations and Soros's Open Society Institute, as well as other organizations, work together to fund humanitarian functions.[19]
In late 2002, Malloch Brown offered to assist talks between Hugo Chavez's Bolivarian government and the opposition, who was seeking to begin the process of attempting to recall Chávez a year later.[20] His UNDP observers were chosen by Venezuela's National Electoral Council (CNE) to supervise the signature collection for the 2004 Venezuela recall.[21]
In this role Malloch Brown co-ordinated the UN's response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.[6]
In January 2005 he was appointed Chef de Cabinet to UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, whilst retaining his position as Administrator of UNDP for much of 2005.[10][22]
Malloch Brown was listed 7th in the Leaders and Revolutionaries section of the Time 100 in 2005.[8][23]
Deputy Secretary-General (2006) edit
Malloch Brown succeeded Louise Fréchette as United Nations Deputy Secretary-General on 1 April 2006, retaining the position until December 2006.[6]
In 2006, he was named a visiting fellow at the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization and announced plans to focus on writing a book on changing leadership in a globalised world while in residence during the spring semester.[24]
Oil for food edit
Malloch Brown publicly defended handling of the Oil-for-Food Programme by the UN in general, and Kofi Annan in particular. While he countered critics that "Not a penny was lost from the organization,"[25] an internal UN audit of the Oil-for-Food programme revealed that there had been overcompensation amounting to $557 million.[26] A separate audit of UN peacekeeping procurement concluded that at least $310 million from a budget of $1.6 billion could not be accounted for.[25]
Malloch Brown, briefing the Security Council, argued that, while the situation uncovered by the audit was "alarming", and that nearly $300 million out of a $1.6 billion budget was involved, it showed more that there was significant waste with only narrow instances of fraud. He noted that the UN Secretariat, based on the reservations expressed by the department being audited, did not entirely accept the auditor's conclusions.[27]
Criticisms of the George W. Bush administration edit
On 6 June 2006, while addressing a conference in New York City, he criticised the United States administration for allowing "too much unchecked UN-bashing and stereotyping". He stated that much of the political dialogue in the US about the UN had been abdicated to its most strident critics, such as conservative talk-show host Rush Limbaugh and the Fox News cable channel and, as a result of this, the true role and value of the UN has become "a mystery in Middle America".[28] These remarks resulted in a backlash from the White House and some US conservative commentators, culminating in a call for an apology by the US envoy to the United Nations John Bolton. Bolton added to reporters, "I spoke to the secretary-general this morning, I said "I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior U.N. official that I have seen in that entire time."[29]
John Podesta and Richard C. Leone wrote that Bolton's comment "distorted Mr. Malloch Brown's remarks by calling them an attack on 'the American people', and ... by conflating Rush Limbaugh and Fox News with the American people. ... Mr. Malloch Brown had to break with the niceties of diplomatic tradition to plead for such leadership. ... Mr. Malloch Brown is surely correct: the people of the United States deserve better leadership and diplomacy to represent their interests in the world’s most important international body."[30] Malloch Brown himself rejected the need to apologise, and received the support of Secretary-General Kofi Annan, who said that his deputy's comments "should be read in the right spirit".[31]
In July 2006, during the Israel-Hezbollah crisis in Lebanon, Malloch Brown said America should allow others to "share the lead" in solving the Lebanon crisis, and also advised that Britain adopt a lower profile in solving the crisis, lest the international community see the negotiations as being led by the same team that instigated the invasion of Iraq. These comments again drew criticism from some American officials, including the US State Department, a spokesman from which stated "We are seeing a troubling pattern of a high official of the UN who seems to be making it his business to criticize member states and, frankly, with misplaced and misguided criticisms."[32]
Malloch Brown responded in an interview with PBS:
- "I don't think the US has anything to object to in the comments. I was really in fact in the interview calling for the US to reach out to France and others to make sure it was demonstrating a broad multilateral coalition and within a single news cycle of my calling for that, it was doing it." He added "I may be prophetic but I wasn't critical".[33]
When Bolton later announced his own resignation in early December, Malloch Brown made his delight clear, telling reporters "No comment – and you can say he said it with a smile".[34]
In May 2007, George Soros's Quantum Fund announced the appointment of Malloch Brown as vice-president.[35] He was named vice-chairman of Soros Fund Management and the Open Society Institute, two other important Soros organisations.[36]
Political career (2007–2009) edit
On 27 June 2007, it was announced Malloch Brown was joining the government of incoming Prime Minister Gordon Brown as Minister of State for Africa and the United Nations at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO).[14] Following his appointment, he was created a life peer on 9 July 2007 as Baron Malloch-Brown, of St Leonard's Forest in the County of West Sussex.[37] He was also appointed to the Privy Council. Plans for his appointment and peerage had been leaked to The Observer in November 2006.[38] At the time, The Daily Telegraph said "While the aid agencies and liberals were still toasting the arrival of 'Saint Mark' to Whitehall, the neo-cons on both sides of the Atlantic were throwing darts at photographs of their devil. [He] divides opinion between those who see him as the great hope for Africa and a principled opponent of the war in Iraq, and those who believe that he is an anti-American egotist who defended Kofi Annan over the oil-for-food scandal."[39] On becoming a government minister, The Observer reported he had resigned his position as vice-chairman of Quantum Fund.[40]
Following the decision by the Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission (SCCRC) to refer the case of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi back for a second appeal against conviction, Dr Hans Köchler, UN-appointed international observer at the Lockerbie trial, wrote on 4 July 2007 to Malloch Brown reiterating his call for a "full and independent public inquiry of the Lockerbie case".[41] Köchler addressed the letter also to First Minister of Scotland Alex Salmond, Foreign Secretary David Miliband and Home Secretary Jacqui Smith.[42]
In November 2007, the conservative British magazine The Spectator drew some attention with its criticism of the Malloch Brown family's occupancy of a government-owned, so-called "grace and favour" apartment in London, previously used by former Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott.[43] On 18 November 2007, The Sunday Times fuelled the controversy by reporting that "some see the hand of Miliband behind the savaging of Malloch Brown in The Spectator".[44]
On 7 July 2009, Malloch Brown announced he was stepping down from his position as Minister of State for Africa, Asia and the United Nations at the end of July 2009, citing personal and family reasons.[45][46]
Post-ministerial career (2010–present) edit
Malloch Brown was appointed chairman of global affairs for FTI Consulting in September 2010.[47] Consultancy appointments to oil companies Vitol and SouthWest Energy Ltd (both approved by the relevant parliamentary committee) were reported in 2010.[48] In 2013, Malloch Brown and FTI Consulting came to a legal settlement with Israeli mining billionaire Beny Steinmetz, who had sued them claiming Malloch Brown had given confidential information to George Soros which led to a smear campaign against Steinmetz's mining company. The out-of-court settlement of €90,000 plus costs was without any determination of liability.[49]
Malloch Brown was a member of The Guardian's global development advisory panel. He contributed to the panel beside U2's Bono, the Center for Economic and Policy Research's Ha-Joon Chang and Mark Weisbrot, Paul Collier and others.[50]
Malloch Brown's book The Unfinished Global Revolution came out early 2011 on Penguin Press.[51][52]
Among his non-governmental and private sector roles, Malloch Brown became chairman of the board of directors of SGO Corporation Limited, a holding company whose primary asset is the election technology and voting machine manufacturer Smartmatic, in 2014.[53][54] He has also served as chair of the Royal African Society[55] and as a member of the Executive Committee of the International Crisis Group.[56] In July 2014, he became co-chair of the Board of Trustees of the latter organisation.[57]
In December 2020, Malloch Brown was announced as succeeding Patrick Gaspard as president of Open Society Foundations on 1 January 2021.[58]
Personal life edit
Malloch Brown is an only child. He has four children with his wife.[1] He is a close friend of billionaire speculator George Soros, with the two having worked together in their roles at the UN and Open Society Foundations, and he rented an apartment owned by Soros while living with his family in New York working on UN assignments.[59]
Honours edit
- Malloch Brown was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 2007 New Year Honours.[60]
- Eminent member, Sergio Vieira de Mello Foundation
- Honorary Patron, University Philosophical Society, Trinity College, Dublin.
- Honorary President, London International Model United Nations Foundation
Notes edit
References edit
- ^ a b "Malloch-Brown, Baron, ((George) Mark Malloch Brown) (born 16 Sept. 1953)". Who's Who. 2007. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.59527.
- ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ "Lord Malloch-Brown: You Ask The Questions". The Independent. 15 September 2008. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Hasan, Mehdi (31 March 2011). "The NS Interview: Mark Malloch Brown, former UN deputy secretary general". New Statesman. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ tfstevenson.com, 20 October 2012, An Interview with Lord Malloch-Brown 11 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d BBC, 28 June 2007, Profile: Mark Malloch Brown
- ^ BusinessWeek, Mark Malloch-Brown
- ^ a b c d e f United Nations, . Archived from the original on 26 April 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Thompson, Larry Clinton. Refugee Workers in the Indochina Exodus, 1975-1982. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g http://www.ycsg.yale.edu, at the Wayback Machine (archived 23 July 2008)
- ^ a b Ramesh, Randeep (12 January 2005). "Meet Kofi Annan's right hand man". The Guardian.
- ^ Michael Barker, zmag.org, 26 November 2007, . Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Preston, Peter (9 August 2008). "Masters of worldwide spin". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ a b c d Tran, Mark (28 June 2007). "Profile: Lord Malloch Brown". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Siegel, Barry (24 November 1991). "Spin Doctors To The World : The Sawyer Miller Group Uses The Tricks Of Political Campaigns To Change The Way You Think About Foreign Governments, Big Business And Any Client In Need Of An Image Lift". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ "Smartmatic chairman: Cory's close-in media adviser". The Manila Times. 29 November 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ "Automated Polls: Privatized elections, foreign-controlled democracy (Part 2)". IBON Foundation. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
- ^ Tran, Mark (16 November 2012). "Mark Malloch-Brown: developing the MDGs was a bit like nuclear fusion". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ "Press Conference "Foreign Minister of Mexico and UNDP Administrator - March 18, 2002"". www.un.org. United Nations. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ "Venezuelan official appeals for international help". Knight Ridder Tribune News Service. 19 August 2002.
- ^ "Int'l observers to supervise signature collection in Venezuela". Xinhua News Agency. 1 November 2003.
- ^ Borger, Julian (4 January 2005). "UN appoints Briton as new chief of staff". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ "The 2005 TIME 100 - TIME". TIME.com. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- ^ "Former deputy secretary of U.N. to be visiting fellow this spring". Yale Bulletin and Calendar. Vol. 35, no. 14. 12 January 2007.
- ^ a b "Opinion & Reviews - Wall Street Journal". WSJ.
- ^ United Nations Office of Internal Oversight, "Findings Resulting From Oversight Activities of the Oil-for-Food Programme", 2004 24 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "UN Security Council, "SC/8645 UN Security Council Minutes 5376 Meeting (AM)", 22 February 2006".
- ^ "News". 15 March 2016 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
- ^ "Fox News, "Speech by U.N. Leader Draws Angry Response From U.S.", 7 June 2006".
- ^ . Archived from the original on 9 August 2007.
- ^ Bone, James; Beeston, Richard (9 June 2006). "Apologise or we'll cut your funding, US envoy tells UN". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460.
- ^ . www.reuters.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2007.
- ^ "PBS NewsHour, "Talks for International Force in Lebanon Stall in U.N.", 2 August 2006".
- ^ Edith M. Lederer 5 December 2006; "Bush Agenda Came 1st for Bolton at U.N."; The Associated Press. Retrieved on 3 December 2007
- ^ "Ex-Deputy U.N. Chief Joins With Soros". The New York Sun.
- ^ . Global Public Policy Institute. 21 May 2007. Archived from the original on 20 November 2008.
- ^ "No. 58391". The London Gazette. 13 July 2007. p. 10139.
- ^ Marre, Oliver (12 November 2006). "Pendennis: Brown's found a new friend ... called Brown". The Observer. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Sylvester, Rachel; Thomson, Alice (14 July 2007). "Mark Malloch Brown: 'Let's not rely just on US'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Och, look. A new rich friend for Mr Brown The Observer, 16 September 2007
- ^ Kelbie, Paul (8 July 2007). "UN observer calls for fresh Lockerbie probe". The Observer. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ "Lockerbie case: Call for independent investigation / United Nations observer Dr. Hans Köchler sends letters to Scottish and British officials -- I.P.O. news release, 4 July 2007". i-p-o.org.
- ^ Rosett, Claudia; Forsyth, James (7 November 2007). "The taxpayer is being stung so this Lord can live in Admiralty House". The Spectator. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ "Profile: Lord Malloch-Brown". The Times. 18 November 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ BBC UK News, 8 July 2009, Foreign Office minister resigns
- ^ Riddell, Mary (22 July 2009). "Lord Malloch-Brown interview: 'This dangerous gridlock that taints our politics'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ FTI Consulting (2010). . Archived from the original on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link). Retrieved 13 July 2011. - ^ The Guardian, 30 July 2010, Former Africa minister Malloch-Brown advises oil firm on African expansion
- ^ Clancy, Rebecca (11 June 2013). "FTI and Lord Malloch-Brown settle out of court with mining billionaire Beny Steinmetz". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ^ "Global development advisory panel". The Guardian. 14 September 2010. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ Carnegiecouncil.org, . Archived from the original on 10 March 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), 23 February 2011 - ^ Robert Weiner, Review 25 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine, ID: International Dialogue, A Multidisciplinary Journal of World Affairs 1 2011
- ^ Ahmed, Murad (24 November 2014). "Lord Mark Malloch-Brown to chair election technology group SGO". Financial Times. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ "About Us". SGO. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
- ^ Royal African Society, Council
- ^ ICG, Crisis Group's Board of Trustees 3 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Executive Profile - George Mark Malloch-Brown BA (Hons) History, MA (Political Science), KCMG". Bloomberg. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ^ "Patrick Gaspard to Step Down as Head of Open Society Foundations". Open Society Foundations. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "An Annan Deputy Is a Soros Tenant". The New York Sun. 15 June 2005. Retrieved 13 July 2007.
- ^ "No. 58196". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 2006. p. 2.
External links edit
Mark Malloch Brown, Baron Malloch-Brown
- Profile at the Parliament of the United Kingdom
- Current session contributions in Parliament at Hansard
- Voting record at PublicWhip.org
- Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou.com
- Profile at Westminster Parliamentary Record
- Profile at BBC News Democracy Live
- Articles authored at Journalisted
- Appearances on C-SPAN