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Malaysian Telugus

December 01, 2023

Malaysian Telugus (Telugu: మలేషియా తెలుగువారు, romanized: Malēṣiyā Teluguvāru; Malay: Orang Telugu Malaysia), consists of people of full or partial Telugu descent who were born in or immigrated to Malaysia. Most Malaysian Telugus are descended from migrants from Madras Presidency during the colonial period. While the ancestors of most Malaysian Telugus originate from what is now Andhra Pradesh, substantial recent numbers originated from the states of Telangana, Orissa and Bengal.[citation needed] While most Telugus came to Malaysia as crop labourers, some were professionals and traders who arrived as refugees. In the 1930s, anti-Indian riots in Burma resulted in large numbers of ethnic Telugus fleeing from Burma either back to India, or to Malaya. Another wave of Telugu migration from Burma occurred during World War II, when the Japanese invaded Burma.

Malaysians of Telugu origin
మలేషియా తెలుగువారు
Total population
119,000 – 300,000[1][2]
Regions with significant populations
 Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia)
Languages
Telugu, Tamil, Bahasa Malaysia and English
Religion
Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
Malaysian Indians, Telugu people, Tamil Malaysians, Malaysian Malayali

History edit

Telugus along with other Indians from the India's east coast and the Bay of Bengal arrived on the shores of ancient Suvarnabhumi (referring to Malay Peninsula and Lower Burma, meaning "Land of Gold" in Sanskrit) and other parts of Southeast Asia.[3] Indians from the Godavari basin arrived in the ancient Malay peninsula, trading and settling down, thus influencing local customs and culture. Sejarah Melayu addressed India as Benua Keling and Indians as "Keling", a word taken from Kalinga, an ancient Indian kingdom which is likely the source of Indian influence across Southeast Asia. Kalinga is located in the northern part of Andhra Pradesh and the southern part of Orissa with people in this region now speaking either Telugu or Oriya.

The current population of Malaysian Telugus are mostly third and fourth generation Telugus who descended from indentured laborers under the Kangani system who arrived in the 19th and early 20th century.[4][5] Some also paid their own passage after the Kangani system ended in the early 20th century. Most of the Telugu migrants to the Malay peninsula during the colonial era were from northern coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh,[3] often recruited by maistries or kanganis (foremen) from the Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam regions, with some from the East Godavari and Chittoor regions.[6] The migrants usually shared the same neighbourhood background, blood ties or caste connections.[7] Telugus who arrived during the British colonial era were mainly non-Brahmin middle-ranking caste and lower caste Hindus from the Kamma, Reddy,[8] Gavara, Kapu (Telaga), Velama, Chakali, and Mangali castes.[9] Another recruitment centre was Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu.[9] While the Indian immigrants in the early period were predominantly men, the Telugus were more willing to bring women with them.[10] Many Telugus arrived via Penang, settling in Bagan Datoh, Perak before scattering across the Malay peninsula, commonly found in the rubber and coconut plantations in Perak (such as Telok Anson), Johor, and Kedah.[11][10] Bagan Datoh remains an important historical centre for Malaysian Telugus, with many Telugu cultural activities being conducted at Sri Venkateswara Temple.[5][11] Other areas with notable Telugu populations include Lumut, Perak and Rawang, Selangor.[12]

As the Telugus formed only a minority of Indians in British Malaya, with Tamils the most populous group, they weren't particularly visible as a group and thus their identity was subsumed into the larger group of South Indians. They, along with the Tamils and Malayalees, were referred to as Klings or Madrasis used as general terms for South Indians.[13] In 1955, the Malaya Andhra Sanghamu, later Malaysia Andhra Sanghamu, was formed to support the Telugu community, foster their culture and promote their language.[9]

Population edit

Exact numbers of the Malaysian Telugu population are not known, however Telugus are thought to be the second largest group of Indians in Malaysia after Tamils.[12] In British Malaya they formed around 4% of the Indian population.[10] The Malaysian Telugu population was estimated in 2020 to be between 119,000 to 300,000, while the Telugu Association of Malaysia estimates the population to be around 500,000.[1][14]

Language edit

Malaysian Telugus speak the Telugu language, the world's most spoken Dravidian language which falls under the "South Central Dravidian" branch of the language family. In 1981, the Second World Telugu Conference was held in Kuala Lumpur. The Telugu Association of Malaysia (TAM; Telugu: మలేసియా తెలుగు సంఘము, romanized: Malēsiyā Telugu Saṅghamu; Malay: Persatuan Telugu Malaysia), a non profit NGO, serves to represent the interests of Malaysian Telugus as well as preserving and promoting Telugu language and culture. The Telugu Association of Malaysia was first formed in the Lower Perak District on 17 July 1955, under the banner of "Malaya Andhra Sangamu" and was officially registered on 17 February 1956. On 16 December 1963, it was renamed "Malaysia Andhra Sangamu". The name evolved into its current form in 1983 and is also known as "Malaysia Telugu Sangamu".[14]

Prior to the late 1980s, there were as many as 63 Telugu medium schools, the last of these closing in 1990, with Telugu having ceased to be school exam subject in 1983.[15][12] Large numbers of Telugus, along with other Indian minority groups, began to adopt the Tamil language and assimilate into the culture of the Tamils, who are the largest Indian ethno-linguistic group in Malaysia.[citation needed] There was a resurgence in Telugu language education following political and financial support from the Malaysian government beginning in 2010.[12][16] In 2022 the Malaysian Indian Congress launched a Telugu branch to support the community's interests.[17] Today there are more than 5000 new students who have been educated in the Telugu language at the Telugu Academy which was set up by the Telugu Association of Malaysia.[17]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Joshua Project. "People Groups". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  2. ^ Satyanarayana, Adapa (2008). "Proceedings of the Indian History Congress Vol. 69 : Telugu Diaspora in South East/West Asia, 1871-1990". Indian History Congress. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ a b Chinna Rao Yagati (2009). "Kurmana Simha Chalam". Perspectives on Economic Development and Social Change: Essays in Honour of Professor K.S. Chalam. Rawat Publications. p. 77. ISBN 978-81-316-0246-1.
  4. ^ Kwen Fee Lian, Md Mizanur Rahman & Yabit bin Alas, ed. (2015). International Migration in Southeast Asia: Continuities and Discontinuities. Springer. p. 119. ISBN 978-98-128-7712-3.
  5. ^ a b A. D. Rangarajan (29 July 2017). "Tracing their roots to the Telugu mainland". The Hindu.
  6. ^ Gijsbert Oonk, ed. (9 February 2014). Global Indian Diasporas: Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory. Amsterdam University Press. p. 94. ISBN 978-9053560358.
  7. ^ Sirpa Tenhunen; Klaus Karttunen, eds. (25 March 2014). Contentious Connections: Social Imagination in Globalizing South Asia. Cambridge Scholars. p. 185. ISBN 9781443858342.
  8. ^ R. Rajoo (1985). Mohd. Taib Osman (ed.). Malaysian World-view. Inst of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 149–150. ISBN 978-9971988128.
  9. ^ a b c Gijsbert Oonk, ed. (9 February 2014). Global Indian Diasporas: Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 94–95. ISBN 978-9053560358.
  10. ^ a b c Sirpa Tenhunen; Klaus Karttunen, eds. (25 March 2014). Contentious Connections: Social Imagination in Globalizing South Asia. Cambridge Scholars. p. 184. ISBN 9781443858342.
  11. ^ a b Rouwen Lin (3 Oct 2010). "The Telugu Heritage". The Star.
  12. ^ a b c d Ram Anand (18 April 2017). "The Telugus of Malaysia: Rediscovering their voices with the government's help". Malay Mail.
  13. ^ Satyanarayana Arapa (25 March 2014). Sirpa Tenhunen; Klaus Karttunen (eds.). Contentious Connections: Social Imagination in Globalizing South Asia. Cambridge Scholars. p. 171. ISBN 9781443858342.
  14. ^ a b "The Association". Telugu Association of Malaysia. Retrieved 2017-06-21.
  15. ^ Bernama (5 May 2018). "Najib has done much for the Telugu community". New Straits Times.
  16. ^ Veena Babulal (10 April 2016). "Only BN can take all groups including the minority to greater heights -PM". New Straits Times.
  17. ^ a b R. Aravinthan (29 Jun 2022). "MIC gets serious about Telugu". The Star.

Further reading edit

  • 150 Years Malaysian Telugu Heritage: 8 October 2010, Putrajaya International Convention Centre : Telugu Association of Malaysia Proudly Presents an Evening with the Prime Minister YAB Dato' Sri Hj. Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak. Persatuan Telugu Malaysia. 2010.
  • M. Ramappa (1984). Directory of Telugu Associations Outside Andhra Pradesh. International Telugu Institute.
  • Barbara A. West (1 January 2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. pp. 486–. ISBN 978-1-4381-1913-7.
  • Judith A. Nagata (1 January 1975). Contributions to Asian studies: Pluralism in Malaysia : myth and reality : a symposium on Singapore and Malaysia ; edited by Judith A. Nagata. BRILL. pp. 100–. ISBN 90-04-04245-8.
  • Hema Krishnan (5 December 2014). Karat Karuthu. Thamizh Roots. pp. 10–. GGKEY:1Y9FLZ8PZC4.

External links edit

  • Telugu Association of Malaysia website
  • Telugu in Malaysia: Joshua Project
  • వాడుకరి:మలేషియా తెలుగు

December 01, 2023
malaysian, telugus, telugu, మల, romanized, malēṣiyā, teluguvāru, malay, orang, telugu, malaysia, consists, people, full, partial, telugu, descent, were, born, immigrated, malaysia, most, descended, from, migrants, from, madras, presidency, during, colonial, pe. Malaysian Telugus Telugu మల ష య త ల గ వ ర romanized Maleṣiya Teluguvaru Malay Orang Telugu Malaysia consists of people of full or partial Telugu descent who were born in or immigrated to Malaysia Most Malaysian Telugus are descended from migrants from Madras Presidency during the colonial period While the ancestors of most Malaysian Telugus originate from what is now Andhra Pradesh substantial recent numbers originated from the states of Telangana Orissa and Bengal citation needed While most Telugus came to Malaysia as crop labourers some were professionals and traders who arrived as refugees In the 1930s anti Indian riots in Burma resulted in large numbers of ethnic Telugus fleeing from Burma either back to India or to Malaya Another wave of Telugu migration from Burma occurred during World War II when the Japanese invaded Burma Malaysians of Telugu originమల ష య త ల గ వ ర Total population119 000 300 000 1 2 Regions with significant populations Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia LanguagesTelugu Tamil Bahasa Malaysia and EnglishReligionHinduismRelated ethnic groupsMalaysian Indians Telugu people Tamil Malaysians Malaysian Malayali Contents 1 History 2 Population 3 Language 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksHistory editTelugus along with other Indians from the India s east coast and the Bay of Bengal arrived on the shores of ancient Suvarnabhumi referring to Malay Peninsula and Lower Burma meaning Land of Gold in Sanskrit and other parts of Southeast Asia 3 Indians from the Godavari basin arrived in the ancient Malay peninsula trading and settling down thus influencing local customs and culture Sejarah Melayu addressed India as Benua Keling and Indians as Keling a word taken from Kalinga an ancient Indian kingdom which is likely the source of Indian influence across Southeast Asia Kalinga is located in the northern part of Andhra Pradesh and the southern part of Orissa with people in this region now speaking either Telugu or Oriya The current population of Malaysian Telugus are mostly third and fourth generation Telugus who descended from indentured laborers under the Kangani system who arrived in the 19th and early 20th century 4 5 Some also paid their own passage after the Kangani system ended in the early 20th century Most of the Telugu migrants to the Malay peninsula during the colonial era were from northern coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh 3 often recruited by maistries or kanganis foremen from the Visakhapatnam Vizianagaram and Srikakulam regions with some from the East Godavari and Chittoor regions 6 The migrants usually shared the same neighbourhood background blood ties or caste connections 7 Telugus who arrived during the British colonial era were mainly non Brahmin middle ranking caste and lower caste Hindus from the Kamma Reddy 8 Gavara Kapu Telaga Velama Chakali and Mangali castes 9 Another recruitment centre was Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu 9 While the Indian immigrants in the early period were predominantly men the Telugus were more willing to bring women with them 10 Many Telugus arrived via Penang settling in Bagan Datoh Perak before scattering across the Malay peninsula commonly found in the rubber and coconut plantations in Perak such as Telok Anson Johor and Kedah 11 10 Bagan Datoh remains an important historical centre for Malaysian Telugus with many Telugu cultural activities being conducted at Sri Venkateswara Temple 5 11 Other areas with notable Telugu populations include Lumut Perak and Rawang Selangor 12 As the Telugus formed only a minority of Indians in British Malaya with Tamils the most populous group they weren t particularly visible as a group and thus their identity was subsumed into the larger group of South Indians They along with the Tamils and Malayalees were referred to as Klings or Madrasis used as general terms for South Indians 13 In 1955 the Malaya Andhra Sanghamu later Malaysia Andhra Sanghamu was formed to support the Telugu community foster their culture and promote their language 9 Population editExact numbers of the Malaysian Telugu population are not known however Telugus are thought to be the second largest group of Indians in Malaysia after Tamils 12 In British Malaya they formed around 4 of the Indian population 10 The Malaysian Telugu population was estimated in 2020 to be between 119 000 to 300 000 while the Telugu Association of Malaysia estimates the population to be around 500 000 1 14 Language editMalaysian Telugus speak the Telugu language the world s most spoken Dravidian language which falls under the South Central Dravidian branch of the language family In 1981 the Second World Telugu Conference was held in Kuala Lumpur The Telugu Association of Malaysia TAM Telugu మల స య త ల గ స ఘమ romanized Malesiya Telugu Saṅghamu Malay Persatuan Telugu Malaysia a non profit NGO serves to represent the interests of Malaysian Telugus as well as preserving and promoting Telugu language and culture The Telugu Association of Malaysia was first formed in the Lower Perak District on 17 July 1955 under the banner of Malaya Andhra Sangamu and was officially registered on 17 February 1956 On 16 December 1963 it was renamed Malaysia Andhra Sangamu The name evolved into its current form in 1983 and is also known as Malaysia Telugu Sangamu 14 Prior to the late 1980s there were as many as 63 Telugu medium schools the last of these closing in 1990 with Telugu having ceased to be school exam subject in 1983 15 12 Large numbers of Telugus along with other Indian minority groups began to adopt the Tamil language and assimilate into the culture of the Tamils who are the largest Indian ethno linguistic group in Malaysia citation needed There was a resurgence in Telugu language education following political and financial support from the Malaysian government beginning in 2010 12 16 In 2022 the Malaysian Indian Congress launched a Telugu branch to support the community s interests 17 Today there are more than 5000 new students who have been educated in the Telugu language at the Telugu Academy which was set up by the Telugu Association of Malaysia 17 References edit a b Joshua Project People Groups joshuaproject net Retrieved 22 September 2018 Satyanarayana Adapa 2008 Proceedings of the Indian History Congress Vol 69 Telugu Diaspora in South East West Asia 1871 1990 Indian History Congress a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b Chinna Rao Yagati 2009 Kurmana Simha Chalam Perspectives on Economic Development and Social Change Essays in Honour of Professor K S Chalam Rawat Publications p 77 ISBN 978 81 316 0246 1 Kwen Fee Lian Md Mizanur Rahman amp Yabit bin Alas ed 2015 International Migration in Southeast Asia Continuities and Discontinuities Springer p 119 ISBN 978 98 128 7712 3 a b A D Rangarajan 29 July 2017 Tracing their roots to the Telugu mainland The Hindu Gijsbert Oonk ed 9 February 2014 Global Indian Diasporas Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory Amsterdam University Press p 94 ISBN 978 9053560358 Sirpa Tenhunen Klaus Karttunen eds 25 March 2014 Contentious Connections Social Imagination in Globalizing South Asia Cambridge Scholars p 185 ISBN 9781443858342 R Rajoo 1985 Mohd Taib Osman ed Malaysian World view Inst of Southeast Asian Studies pp 149 150 ISBN 978 9971988128 a b c Gijsbert Oonk ed 9 February 2014 Global Indian Diasporas Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory Amsterdam University Press pp 94 95 ISBN 978 9053560358 a b c Sirpa Tenhunen Klaus Karttunen eds 25 March 2014 Contentious Connections Social Imagination in Globalizing South Asia Cambridge Scholars p 184 ISBN 9781443858342 a b Rouwen Lin 3 Oct 2010 The Telugu Heritage The Star a b c d Ram Anand 18 April 2017 The Telugus of Malaysia Rediscovering their voices with the government s help Malay Mail Satyanarayana Arapa 25 March 2014 Sirpa Tenhunen Klaus Karttunen eds Contentious Connections Social Imagination in Globalizing South Asia Cambridge Scholars p 171 ISBN 9781443858342 a b The Association Telugu Association of Malaysia Retrieved 2017 06 21 Bernama 5 May 2018 Najib has done much for the Telugu community New Straits Times Veena Babulal 10 April 2016 Only BN can take all groups including the minority to greater heights PM New Straits Times a b R Aravinthan 29 Jun 2022 MIC gets serious about Telugu The Star Further reading edit150 Years Malaysian Telugu Heritage 8 October 2010 Putrajaya International Convention Centre Telugu Association of Malaysia Proudly Presents an Evening with the Prime Minister YAB Dato Sri Hj Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak Persatuan Telugu Malaysia 2010 M Ramappa 1984 Directory of Telugu Associations Outside Andhra Pradesh International Telugu Institute Barbara A West 1 January 2009 Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania Infobase Publishing pp 486 ISBN 978 1 4381 1913 7 Judith A Nagata 1 January 1975 Contributions to Asian studies Pluralism in Malaysia myth and reality a symposium on Singapore and Malaysia edited by Judith A Nagata BRILL pp 100 ISBN 90 04 04245 8 Hema Krishnan 5 December 2014 Karat Karuthu Thamizh Roots pp 10 GGKEY 1Y9FLZ8PZC4 External links editTelugu Association of Malaysia website Telugu in Malaysia Joshua Project వ డ కర మల ష య త ల గ Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Malaysian Telugus amp oldid 1184898632, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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