Mahadaji Shinde (b. 23 December 1730 – 12 February 1794), later known as Mahadji Scindia or Madhava Rao Sindhia,[2] was a Maratha statesman and ruler of Ujjain in Central India. He was the fifth and the youngest son of Ranoji Rao Scindia, the founder of the Scindia dynasty.
Mahadaji was instrumental in resurrecting Maratha power in North India after the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761, and rose to become a trusted lieutenant of the Peshwa, leader of the Maratha Empire. Along with Madhavrao I and Nana Fadnavis, he was one of the three pillars of Maratha Resurrection. During his reign, Gwalior became the leading state in the Maratha Empire and one of the foremost military powers in India. After accompanying Shah Alam II to Delhi in 1771, he restored the Mughals in Delhi and became the Naib Vakil-i-Mutlaq (Deputy Regent of the Empire).[3] Mahadji Shinde's principal advisors were all Shenvis.[4]
He annihilated the power of Jats of Mathura and during 1772-73 he destroyed the power of PashtunRohillas in Rohilkhand and captured Najibabad. His role during the First Anglo-Maratha War was greatest from the Maratha side since he defeated the British in the Battle of Wadgaon which resulted in the Treaty of Wadgaon[5] and then again in Central India, single handed, which resulted in the Treaty of Salbai in 1782, where he mediated between the Peshwa and the British.
In 1787, Mahadji attempted to invade Rajputana but he was repulsed by the Rajput armies at Lalsot. However, he regrouped he forces and in 1790, he defeated the Rajput kingdoms of Jodhpur and Jaipur in the battles of Patan and Merta, thus capturing all of Rajputana.
Mahadaji Scindia entertaining British officers with a nautch
After the British defeat, Hastings through Murre proposed a new treaty, known as the Treaty of Salbai, between the Peshwa and the British that would recognize Sawai Madhavrao as the Peshwa and grant Raghunath Rao a pension. The treaty also returned to Shinde all his territories west of the Yamuna and so was made to withdraw to Ujjain. A resident, Mr. David Anderson (1750-1825), of St. Germains[6] (who had negotiated the treaty) was at the same time appointed to Mahadji's court.
Mahadji became Naib Vakil-i-Mutlaq (Deputy Regent of the empire) of Mughal affairs, and the Mughals also gave him the title of Amir-ul-Umara (head of the amirs) in 1784.[8]
In 1788, Isma'il Beg, a Persian who served as a general in the Mughal army along with a few hundred Mughal and Rohilla troops led a revolt against the Maratha Empire, the major power which dominated North India at the time. The reason for this revolt is unknown but most suspect that he was trying to bring the Mughals glory back to North India and depose the Marathas. However the revolt was crushed when Ismail Beg along with his soldiers was destroyed and killed by Mahadji Scindia's armies. After his death, a Rohilla chief named Ghulam Kadir and an ally of Isma'il Beg, took over Delhi, capital of the Mughal dynasty and deposed and blinded the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II, placing a puppet on the Delhi throne. However on 2 October 1788, Mahadji Scindia, upon hearing this news, quickly assembled his army and recaptured Delhi, killing Ghulam Kadir and restoring Shah Alam II to the throne and acting as his protector.[9][10][11]
He remained loyal to the English during the revolt of 1781 and played an important role in capturing Maharaja Chait Singh of Benares and crushing the revolt [12]
Another achievement of Mahadji was his victory over the Nizam of Hyderabad's army in a battle.[citation needed]
After the peace made with Tipu Sultan of Mysore in 1792, Mahadji exerted his influence to prevent the completion of a treaty between the British, the Nizam of Hyderabad, and the Peshwa, directed against Tipu.[citation needed]
After the Battle of Lakheri, Mahadji was now at the zenith of his power, when he died, at his military camp at Wanavdi near Pune on 12 February 1794. He left no heir, and was succeeded by Daulat Rao Scindia.
Keeney, the English biographer of Mahadaji Shinde, has described Mahadaji as the greatest man in India in the 18th century.[13] Mahadaji Shinde's role was instrumental in establishing Maratha supremacy over North India.
Shinde Chhatri, located in Wanawadi, in Pune is a memorial dedicated to Mahadji Shinde. It is a hall that marks the spot of Mahadji Shinde's cremation on 12 February 1794. The three storied memorial in Rajput architectural style, is one of the most significant landmarks in the city.
In popular culture
In 1988 Doordarshan Serial Bharat Ek Khoj produced and directed by Shyam Benegal also Picturised an episode where the titular role of Mahadaji Shinde was played by noted TV actor Shreechand Makhija.
^Page 334, A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century, By Salma Ahmed Farooqui, Publisher: Pearson Education India, 2011, ISBN8131732029
^The title of his 1905 biography in the Rulers of India series - Wikisource transcription project
^Chaurasia, R. S. (2004). History Of The Marathas - R.S. Chaurasia - Google Books. ISBN9788126903948. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
^Ahmed, Farooqui Salma (2011). A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid ... - Farooqui Salma Ahmed, Salma Ahmed Farooqui - Google Books. ISBN9788131732021. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
^Sampurnanand, Dr. चेतसिंह और काशी निवासियों का अंग्रेजों से युद्ध. Varanasi+Delhi: नागरीप्रचारिणी सभा.
^Page 156, The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia, By N. G. Rathod, Publisher: Sarup & Sons, 1994, ISBN8185431523, 9788185431529
Further reading
Dalrymple, William (2019). The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company (Hardcover). New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN978-1-63557-395-4.
Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, et al. (1908). Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 12. 1908–1931; Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Keene, H. G.The Fall of the Moghul Empire of Hindustan e-text
Karkare, Neelesh Ishwarchandra (2013). [श्रीनाथ माधवजी : महायोद्धा महादजी की शौर्यगाथा / प्रथम संस्करण / प्रकाशन वर्ष - २०१३ / लेखक :- पण्डित नीलेश ईश्वरचन्द्र करकरे] / (Research book) Shreenath Madhavji: Mahayoddha Mahadji Ki Shourya Gatha/ First Edition
Malik, Zahiruddin (1982). "Persian Documents pertaining to the tragic End of Ghulam Qadir Rohilla, 1780–1789". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 43: 565–571. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44141288.
Markovits, Claude (ed.) (2004). A History of Modern India: 1480–1950. Anthem Press, London.
Mishra, Amitabh (1 January 2007). Heritage Tourism in Central India: Resource Interpretation and Sustainable Development Planning. Kanishka Publishers, Distributors. p. 42. ISBN978-81-7391-918-3.
Sarkar, Jadunath (1952). Fall of the Mughal Empire. Vol. III (2 ed.). Calcutta: M. C. Sarkar & Sons.
"Mosque and Tomb of the Emperor Sultan Mahmood of Ghuznee". British Library. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
101 pilgrimages. Outlook India Pub. 2006. p. 79
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mahadaji Scindia.
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Mahadaji Shinde news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message Mahadaji Shinde b 23 December 1730 12 February 1794 later known as Mahadji Scindia or Madhava Rao Sindhia 2 was a Maratha statesman and ruler of Ujjain in Central India He was the fifth and the youngest son of Ranoji Rao Scindia the founder of the Scindia dynasty Mahadji ShindeMeherban Shrimant Sardar Shinde Bahadur Naib Vakil i MutlaqAmir ul Umara 1 Mahadaji Shinde by James WalesMaratha GeneralReign18 January 1768 12 February 1794Coronation18 January 1768PredecessorManaji Rao ShindeSuccessorDaulat Rao ShindeBornc 1730Died12 February 1794 aged 64 Wanawadi Pune Maratha Empire present day Maharashtra India Spouse9 wivesAnnapurnabai from Nimbalkar family of Beed Bhavanibai from Ghatage family Parvatibai Sister of Narsing Ghatage Bhavanibai from Mhaske Deshmukh family of Sangamner Gangabai from Palavekar family Radhabai from Padamsinh Raul family Bhagirathibai from Kardekar family Yamunabai from Ramling Raul family Lakshmibai from Bhope Kadam family of Tuljapur Osmanabad IssueBala BaiChimna BaiNamesShrimant Madho Madhoji Rao ShindeHouseShindeFatherRanoji Rao ShindeMotherChima BaiReligionHinduism Contents 1 The Maratha Resurrection in North India 2 Treaty of Salbai 3 Later years 4 Death and legacy 5 In popular culture 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksThe Maratha Resurrection in North India EditMahadaji was instrumental in resurrecting Maratha power in North India after the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 and rose to become a trusted lieutenant of the Peshwa leader of the Maratha Empire Along with Madhavrao I and Nana Fadnavis he was one of the three pillars of Maratha Resurrection During his reign Gwalior became the leading state in the Maratha Empire and one of the foremost military powers in India After accompanying Shah Alam II to Delhi in 1771 he restored the Mughals in Delhi and became the Naib Vakil i Mutlaq Deputy Regent of the Empire 3 Mahadji Shinde s principal advisors were all Shenvis 4 He annihilated the power of Jats of Mathura and during 1772 73 he destroyed the power of Pashtun Rohillas in Rohilkhand and captured Najibabad His role during the First Anglo Maratha War was greatest from the Maratha side since he defeated the British in the Battle of Wadgaon which resulted in the Treaty of Wadgaon 5 and then again in Central India single handed which resulted in the Treaty of Salbai in 1782 where he mediated between the Peshwa and the British In 1787 Mahadji attempted to invade Rajputana but he was repulsed by the Rajput armies at Lalsot However he regrouped he forces and in 1790 he defeated the Rajput kingdoms of Jodhpur and Jaipur in the battles of Patan and Merta thus capturing all of Rajputana Treaty of Salbai EditMain article Treaty of Salbai Mahadaji Scindia entertaining British officers with a nautch After the British defeat Hastings through Murre proposed a new treaty known as the Treaty of Salbai between the Peshwa and the British that would recognize Sawai Madhavrao as the Peshwa and grant Raghunath Rao a pension The treaty also returned to Shinde all his territories west of the Yamuna and so was made to withdraw to Ujjain A resident Mr David Anderson 1750 1825 of St Germains 6 who had negotiated the treaty was at the same time appointed to Mahadji s court After the Treaty of Salbai in 1782 he invaded and overpowered the Rajput states particularly Jodhpur and Jaipur through the Battle of Patan and the Battle of Merta 7 Later years EditMahadji became Naib Vakil i Mutlaq Deputy Regent of the empire of Mughal affairs and the Mughals also gave him the title of Amir ul Umara head of the amirs in 1784 8 In 1788 Isma il Beg a Persian who served as a general in the Mughal army along with a few hundred Mughal and Rohilla troops led a revolt against the Maratha Empire the major power which dominated North India at the time The reason for this revolt is unknown but most suspect that he was trying to bring the Mughals glory back to North India and depose the Marathas However the revolt was crushed when Ismail Beg along with his soldiers was destroyed and killed by Mahadji Scindia s armies After his death a Rohilla chief named Ghulam Kadir and an ally of Isma il Beg took over Delhi capital of the Mughal dynasty and deposed and blinded the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II placing a puppet on the Delhi throne However on 2 October 1788 Mahadji Scindia upon hearing this news quickly assembled his army and recaptured Delhi killing Ghulam Kadir and restoring Shah Alam II to the throne and acting as his protector 9 10 11 He remained loyal to the English during the revolt of 1781 and played an important role in capturing Maharaja Chait Singh of Benares and crushing the revolt 12 Another achievement of Mahadji was his victory over the Nizam of Hyderabad s army in a battle citation needed After the peace made with Tipu Sultan of Mysore in 1792 Mahadji exerted his influence to prevent the completion of a treaty between the British the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Peshwa directed against Tipu citation needed Death and legacy Edit Shinde Chhatri Wanawdi Pune A memorial dedicated to Mahadji Shinde After the Battle of Lakheri Mahadji was now at the zenith of his power when he died at his military camp at Wanavdi near Pune on 12 February 1794 He left no heir and was succeeded by Daulat Rao Scindia Keeney the English biographer of Mahadaji Shinde has described Mahadaji as the greatest man in India in the 18th century 13 Mahadaji Shinde s role was instrumental in establishing Maratha supremacy over North India Shinde Chhatri located in Wanawadi in Pune is a memorial dedicated to Mahadji Shinde It is a hall that marks the spot of Mahadji Shinde s cremation on 12 February 1794 The three storied memorial in Rajput architectural style is one of the most significant landmarks in the city In popular culture EditIn 1988 Doordarshan Serial Bharat Ek Khoj produced and directed by Shyam Benegal also Picturised an episode where the titular role of Mahadaji Shinde was played by noted TV actor Shreechand Makhija In 1994 a TV series named The Great Maratha aired on DD National based on the life of Mahadaji Shinde Shahbaz Khan portrayed the character of Mahadji Shinde In the 2019 Bollywood film Panipat Mahadaji Scindia was portrayed by Sanjay Khapre See also EditMahadji Scindia Sports ComplexReferences Edit Page 334 A Comprehensive History of Medieval India Twelfth to the Mid Eighteenth Century By Salma Ahmed Farooqui Publisher Pearson Education India 2011 ISBN 8131732029 The title of his 1905 biography in the Rulers of India series Wikisource transcription project Vakil i Mutlaq Regent of the Empire Rathod N G 1994 The Great Maratha Mahadaji Shinde N G Rathod Google Books ISBN 9788185431529 Retrieved 21 July 2012 Athale Colonel Anil A 12 January 2018 How a Maratha general defeated the British Rediff News Burkes Landed Gentry Anderson of Northfield Chaurasia R S 2004 History Of The Marathas R S Chaurasia Google Books ISBN 9788126903948 Retrieved 26 May 2012 Ahmed Farooqui Salma 2011 A Comprehensive History of Medieval India From Twelfth to the Mid Farooqui Salma Ahmed Salma Ahmed Farooqui Google Books ISBN 9788131732021 Retrieved 21 July 2012 Sarkar 1952 p 323 Malik 1982 p 565 Sarkar 1952 pp 329 330 Sampurnanand Dr च तस ह और क श न व स य क अ ग र ज स य द ध Varanasi Delhi न गर प रच र ण सभ Page 156 The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia By N G Rathod Publisher Sarup amp Sons 1994 ISBN 8185431523 9788185431529Further reading EditDalrymple William 2019 The Anarchy The Relentless Rise of the East India Company Hardcover New York Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 1 63557 395 4 Hunter William Wilson Sir et al 1908 Imperial Gazetteer of India Volume 12 1908 1931 Clarendon Press Oxford Keene H G The Fall of the Moghul Empire of Hindustan e text Karkare Neelesh Ishwarchandra 2013 Shreenath Madhavji Mahayoddha Mahadji Ki Shourya Gatha Gwalior Neelesh Ishwarchandra ISBN 9789352670925 Karkare Neelesh Ishwarchandra 2017 Tawaareekh E ShindeShahi Gwalior Neelesh Ishwarchandra ISBN 9789352672417 Karkare Neelesh Ishwarchandra 2013 श र न थ म धवज मह य द ध मह दज क श र यग थ प रथम स स करण प रक शन वर ष २०१३ ल खक पण ड त न ल श ईश वरचन द र करकर Research book Shreenath Madhavji Mahayoddha Mahadji Ki Shourya Gatha First Edition Malik Zahiruddin 1982 Persian Documents pertaining to the tragic End of Ghulam Qadir Rohilla 1780 1789 Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 43 565 571 ISSN 2249 1937 JSTOR 44141288 Markovits Claude ed 2004 A History of Modern India 1480 1950 Anthem Press London Mishra Amitabh 1 January 2007 Heritage Tourism in Central India Resource Interpretation and Sustainable Development Planning Kanishka Publishers Distributors p 42 ISBN 978 81 7391 918 3 Sarkar Jadunath 1952 Fall of the Mughal Empire Vol III 2 ed Calcutta M C Sarkar amp Sons Mosque and Tomb of the Emperor Sultan Mahmood of Ghuznee British Library Retrieved 1 November 2014 101 pilgrimages Outlook India Pub 2006 p 79External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mahadaji Scindia Mahadaji ShindeScindia DynastyRegnal titlesPreceded byManaji Rao Scindia Maharaja of Gwalior1768 1794 Succeeded byDaulat Rao Scindia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mahadaji Shinde amp oldid 1131609236, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
