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Maccabiah Games

November 19, 2023

"Maccabiah" redirects here. For other uses, see Maccabiah (disambiguation).

The Maccabiah Games (a.k.a. the World Maccabiah Games; Hebrew: משחקי המכביה, or משחקי המכביה העולמית; sometimes referred to as the "Jewish Olympics"), first held in 1932, are an international Jewish and Israeli multi-sport event held quadrennially in Israel.[1][2][3] The Maccabiah Games are open to Jewish athletes from around the world, and to all Israeli citizens regardless of their religion. It is the third-largest sporting event in the world by number of competitors, with 10,000 athletes competing (after the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup).[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The Maccabiah Games were declared a "Regional Sports Event" by, and under the auspices and supervision of, the International Olympic Committee in 1961.[11][12][13]

Games edit

Originally, the Maccabiah was held every three years. Since the 1953 Maccabiah Games, the event has generally been held every four years, in the year following the Olympic Games.

The Maccabiah Games are open to Jewish athletes from around the world, as well as to all Israeli athletes regardless of ethnicity or religion; Arab Israelis have also competed in it.[3][14]

Competitions at the Maccabiah are organized into four divisions:[2][15] 1) Open (Seniors); 2) Juniors; 3) Masters; and 4) Disabled. The Games are organized by the Maccabi World Union.

Etymology edit

The name Maccabiah was chosen after Judah Maccabee, a Jewish leader who defended his country from King Antiochus.[16] Modi'in, Judah's birthplace, is also the starting location of the torch that lights the flames at the opening ceremony, a tradition that started at the 4th Maccabiah.[12]

History edit

Main article: History of the Maccabiah Games
 
First Maccabiah Games
 
Delegations in the streets of Tel Aviv during the parade of the 1st Maccabiah.

The Maccabiah Games were the result of a proposal put forward by Yosef Yekutieli in 1929 at the Maccabi World Congress. Yekutieli, who heard about the Stockholm Olympics, wanted to form a representation for Eretz Yisrael. Following the appointment of the new British Palestine High Commissioner, Sir Arthur Grenfell Wauchope, the Maccabiah got the go-ahead.

The 1st Maccabiah opened on March 28, 1932.[17] The Maccabiah Stadium in Tel Aviv, which was built with donations, was filled to capacity. Roughly 400 athletes from 18 countries took part in everything from swimming, football, and handball, to various athletics. In the first Games, the Polish delegation took first place.[17]

The Maccabiah Games were intended to take place at an interval of three years. Following the success of the first Games, the 2nd Maccabiah was held from April 2 to 10, 1935, despite official opposition by the British Mandatory government. Over 1,300 athletes from 28 nations participated. The 3rd Maccabiah, which was originally scheduled for spring of 1938,[12] was postponed until 1950 due to British concerns of large-scale illegal immigration,[12] World War II, and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.[18] It became the first Maccabiah to be held after the establishment of the State of Israel.

Starting from the 4th Maccabiah, the games were changed to take place every four years in the year following the Olympics and since 1953, the Games have taken place every four years, with the exception of the 21st Maccabiah, which was postponed for one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 15th edition was marred by what became known as the Maccabiah bridge disaster, when a temporary bridge built for the march of athletes at the opening ceremony collapsed, plunging about 100 members of the Australian delegation into the waters of the Yarkon River. Four athletes were killed, and 63 injured.[19][20] More than 5,000 participants from over 50 countries competed in those Games.[20]

 
US President Joe Biden, together with President Issac Herzog and Prime Minister Yair Lapid, at the Opening Ceremonies of the 2022 Maccabiah Games.

Over the last two decades, the number of participants grew to 9,000 athletes in the 19th Maccabiah, from 78 countries, making it the 3rd-largest sporting event in the world and the second largest sporting event in 2013, behind the 2013 Summer Universiade.[7][21] It is a forum for Jewish athletes to meet and convene, and provides the athletes with opportunities to explore Israel and Jewish history.[1]

Approximately 10,000 athletes, from 80 countries, were expected to compete in 42 sports categories in the 21st Maccabaiah. It was reportedly the world's largest sporting event in 2022.[22] President of the United States Joe Biden attended the opening ceremonies, cheering on the U.S. delegation of 1,400 athletes—larger than the U.S. delegation to the 2021 Tokyo Olympics.[23] This made him the first American president to attend the Maccabiah Games.[24]

Editions of World Maccabiah edit

The following is an overview of the Games:

Summer Maccabiah edit

Edition Year Date main venue Countries
participating		 Athletes
participating		 Number of
Sports		 Ref
1 1932 28 Mar–6 Apr Maccabiah Stadium 27 390 16 [25]
2 1935 2–10 Apr 28 1,250 18 [26]
3 1950 28 Sept–11 Oct Ramat Gan Stadium 20 800 17 [27]
4 1953 22–29 Sept 22 892 19 [28]
5 1957 15–24 Sept 20 980 19 [29]
6 1961 29 Aug–5 Sept 27 1,000 20 [30]
7 1965 23–31 Aug 27 1,200 22 [31]
8 1969 28 July–7 Aug 27 1,450 22 [32]
9 1973 9–19 July 26 1,500 23 [33]
10 1977 12–21 July 34 2,700 26 [34]
11 1981 6–16 July 34 3,450 30 [35]
12 1985 15–25 July 37 3,700 28 [36]
13 1989 3–13 July 45 4,400 32 [37]
14 1993 5–15 July 48 5,100 [38]
15 1997 14–24 July 33 5,500 34 [39]
16 2001 16–23 July Teddy Stadium 49 2,200 [40]
17 2005 11–23 July Ramat Gan Stadium 55 7,300 [41]
18 2009 13–23 July 55 7,510 33 [42]
19 2013 18–30 July Teddy Stadium 77 7,500 34 [43]
20 2017 4–17 July 85 10,000 45 [44]
21 2022 12–26 July 80 10,000 47 [45]

Winter Maccabiah edit

Main articles: 1933 Maccabiah Games and 1936 Maccabiah Games
 
Bronze medal from the winter games in Banska Bystrica, 1936, in the Jewish Museum of Switzerland's collection.

Prior to World War II there was an attempt to organize a winter Maccabiah. Due to the relatively warm temperatures in Palestine, the winter Maccabiot were organized in European nations. The 1st Winter Maccabiah was held in Zakopane, Poland, February 2 to 5, 1933.[46][47] The games were met with great opposition; the Gazeta Warszawska newspaper encouraged Polish youth to intervene during the games to prevent the "Jewification of Polish winter sports venues".[46]

A second attempt at the winter games was relatively more successful. The 2nd Winter Maccabiah took place February 18 to 22, 1936, in Banská Bystrica (then Czechoslovakia).[47] In the games, 2,000 athletes from 12 nations participated.[48][49] This was the last time a winter Maccabiah was ever held, and the only two Maccabiot to not take place in the Land of Israel; although Maccabi still runs smaller regional winter games to date.

Number Year Host Athletes Nations
1 1933   Zakopane, Poland 250 8
2 1936   Banská Bystrica, Czechoslovakia 2.000 12

Regional Maccabiah edit

European Maccabiah edit

List:[50]

Number Year Dates Hosts Athletes
1. 1929 Prague,   Czechoslovakia
2. 1930 Antwerpen,   Belgium
3. 1959 Kopenhagen,   Denmark
4. 1963 Lyon,   France
5. 1979 Leicester,   United Kingdom
6. 1983 Antwerpen,   Belgium
7. 1987 Kopenhagen,   Denmark
8. 1991 Marseille,   France
9. 1995 Amsterdam,   Netherlands
10. 1999 Stirling,   United Kingdom
11. 2003 Antwerpen,   Belgium
12. 2007 Rome,   Italy 1800[51]
13. 2011 Vienna,   Austria 2000[52]
14. 2015 27 July – 5 August Berlin,   Germany c. 2050[53]
15. 2019 29 July – 7 August Budapest,   Hungary 3000[54]
16. 2023

Pan American Maccabiah edit

Latin American Maccabi's (CLAM) from 1966 Pan American Maccabiah:[55][56]

Number Year Host
1. 1966 São Paulo,   Brazil
2.
3.
4. 1979 Mexico City,   Mexico
5. 1983   Brazil
6. 1987 Caracas,   Venezuela
7. 1991   Uruguay
8. 1995 Buenos Aires,   Argentina
9. 1999
10. 2003 Santiago de Chile,   Chile
11. 2007 Buenos Aires,   Argentina
12. 2011 São Paulo,   Brazil
13. 2015   Chile
14. 2019 Mexico City,   Mexico[57]
15. 2023

Oceania Maccabiah (Junior Carnival) edit

The Maccabi Junior Carnivals are a sporting event held for the Jewish youth of Australia or New Zealand. It has been held annually since 1982, usually in January.[58]

Venues were:[59]

  1. Sydney 1982
  2. Perth 1983
  3. Melbourne 1984
  4. Sydney 1986
  5. Brisbane 1987
  6. Adelaide 1988
  7. Sydney 1989
  8. Perth 1990
  9. Melbourne 1991
  10. Sydney 1992
  11. Perth 1993
  12. Melbourne 1994
  13. Sydney 1995
  14. Melbourne 1996
  15. Perth 1997
  16. Sydney 1998
  17. Melbourne 1999
  18. Perth 2000
  19. Sydney 2001
  20. Melbourne 2002
  21. Perth 2003
  22. Auckland 2004
  23. Sydney 2005
  24. Perth 2006
  25. Melbourne 2007
  26. Auckland 2008
  27. Sydney 2009
  28. Perth 2010
  29. Melbourne 2011
  30. Brisbane 2012
  31. Sydney 2013
  32. Perth 2014
  33. Melbourne 2015
  34. Sydney 2016
  35. Sydney 2017
  36. Melbourne 2018
  37. Sydney 2019

Ceremonies edit

 
The World Maccabi Movement flag during the opening ceremony of the 19th Maccabiah.

The Maccabiah ceremonies are two ceremonial events that take place during the first and last days of the Maccabiah games. The ceremonies are an important part of the Jewish culture in Israel and the Zionist movement. The ceremonies of the Maccabiah trace their roots to the Olympic Games of the early 20th century. As such, they share many similarities.

The Maccabiah opening ceremony, which is organized by the Maccabi World Union, has recently been presented in English, Hebrew, and Spanish.

Opening edit

 
Opening ceremony of the 17th Maccabiah.

The opening ceremonies represent the official commencement of the Maccabiah. Some sports however, such as golf and rugby, might start prior to the opening ceremonies in order to finish on time.

The opening ceremony for the first Games was held at the new Maccabiah Stadium. The Stadium, which is located next to the Yarkon River in Tel Aviv, was finished just the night before. The Stadium also hosted the 2nd Maccabiah in 1935. For the 3rd Maccabiah, the opening ceremony took place in a new stadium in Ramat Gan. The stadium has been hosting the opening ceremonies of the Maccabiah ever since, with the exception of the 16th, 19th, and 20th Maccabiah Games which were held in Teddy Stadium, Jerusalem.

 
The United States delegation to the 19th Maccabiah; with 1,106 people, the second-largest delegation (after Israel).

The ceremonies often start with the introduction of the active participants of the Maccabi youth movement. After the parade of nations, the opening ceremony continues on with a presentation of artistic displays of music, singing, dance, and theater representative of the Jewish culture. In recent games, Jewish singers from around the world participated in the opening ceremony. For example, in 2013, Grammy Award-winner Miri Ben-Ari and X Factor USA finalist Carly Rose Sonenclar performed at the opening ceremony.[60]

Parade of Nations edit

See also: Parade of Nations at the Olympic Games

Just like at the Olympics, the Maccabiah starts out with a "Parade of Nations", during which most participating athletes march into the stadium, country by country. The countries enter the stadium in accordance with the Hebrew alphabet. The parade of nations, in contrast to some other games, include junior and disabled athletes who also partake in the competitions. In accordance with the Maccabiah's tradition, the Israeli delegation always enters last.

Closing edit

The closing ceremony of the Maccabiah Games takes place after all sporting events have concluded. Typically, a member of Maccabi or some other well-known figure makes the closing speech and the Games officially close. The ceremony includes large artistic displays of music, singing, and dance. Various Jewish singers perform during the closing ceremony. In recent years, the closing ceremonies included popular musicians and live music and dancing.

Medal presentation edit

A medal ceremony is held after each Maccabiah event is concluded. The winner, second, and third-place competitors or teams stand on top of a three-tiered rostrum to be awarded their respective medals. Medals are awarded by an official Maccabi member.

Ceremony hosts edit

Year Hosts (s)
1981 Azaria Rapoport (Closing)
2005 Becky Griffin and Rodrigo Gonzales
2009 Galit Giat and Michael HarPaz
2013 Miri Nevo and Dana Grotsky
2017
2022

Sports edit

 
Shaul Ladany (center), winner of the 10 kilometre walk, on podium during 8th Maccabiah Games at Ramat Gan Stadium (1969).
 
Israeli high jumping champion Gideon Harmat, a silver medalist at the 11th Maccabiah.
Main article: Maccabiah sports

The Maccabiah Games recognize all 28 current Olympic sports, plus a number of other sports such as chess, cricket, and netball. In contrast with the Olympic Games and other major international sporting events, the Maccabiah rules regarding accepting new sports are very lenient. New sports are accepted to the Maccabiah Games provided that competitions will only take place if at least four delegations bring competitors for that sport (three in the case of female sports, as well as the junior divisions).[61] As a result, the Maccabiah has held various unique competitions such as duplicate bridge.

Karate, not yet on the Olympic schedule, made its debut in 1977 at the 10th Maccabiah Games. The requisite number of initial countries signed on and agreed to send delegations. Since 1977, karate has participated uninterrupted. Although at the beginning karate was only contested in the fighting or kumite category, forms or kata was included in 1981. In 1985, women's karate was added. Junior and youth categories made their debut in 2009. The World Karate Federation, a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), oversees and supervises the rules of karate competition at the Maccabiah.

The Maccabiah Games are organized into four divisions: Open, Junior, Masters, and Paralympics.

  • Open – The Open games are generally unlimited in age, and are intended for the best athletes from each delegation, bound by the governing international rules in each sport.
  • Junior – The Junior Maccabiah games are open to any qualifying athlete aged 15–18.
  • Masters – The Masters games are for older competitors; they are divided into a number of different age categories.
  • Paralympic – The Paralympic games are generally open to all athletes with a range of physical and intellectual disabilities. Past games included Para-cycling, Paralympic swimming, Para table tennis, Half Marathon, and Wheelchair Basketball.

In recent Maccabiot there has been a renewed interest in introducing new sports to the Maccabiah. In the 15th Maccabiah Games, ice hockey was first introduced. Ice hockey was not included in immediately subsequent games, but returned in the 19th Maccabiah. Squash became an official sport in the 10th Maccabiah Games in 1977. The 19th Maccabiah was also granted provisional approval for dressage and jumping competitions from the FEI.[62]

Champions and medalists edit

Main article: Lists of Maccabiah Games medalists

Notable participants edit

 
Four-time Olympic gold medalist Jason Lezak at the 2009 Maccabiah Games.
 
NHL hockey player Zach Hyman and brother Spencer helped Team Canada win a gold medal at the 2013 Maccabiah Games.

Athletes who have competed in the Maccabiah Games include many Olympic gold medalists, world champions, and world record holders. Among them have been Mark Spitz, Lenny Krayzelburg, Jason Lezak, Marilyn Ramenofsky, and Anthony Ervin (swimming); Mitch Gaylord, Abie Grossfeld, Ágnes Keleti, Valery Belenky, Kerri Strug and Linoy Ashram (gymnastics); Ernie Grunfeld, Danny Schayes, (coaches); Larry Brown, Nat Holman, and Dolph Schayes (basketball); Carina Benninga (field hockey); Lillian Copeland, Gerry Ashworth, and Gary Gubner (track and field); Angela Buxton, Brad Gilbert, Julie Heldman, Allen Fox, Nicolás Massú, and Dick Savitt (tennis); Angelica Rozeanu (table tennis); Sergey Sharikov, Vadim Gutzeit, Soren Thompson, and Mariya Mazina (fencing); Isaac Berger and Frank Spellman (weightlifting); Lindsey Durlacher, Jason Goldman, Fred Oberlander, and Henry Wittenberg (wrestling); Max Fried and Dean Kremer (baseball); Donald Spero and Michael Oren (rowing); Bruce Fleisher (golf); Adam Bacher, Dennis Gamsy, Neil Rosendorff, Marshall Rosen, Bob Herman (cricket);[63] Boris Gelfand and Judit Polgár (chess); Irwin Cotler (ping pong); Marcelo Lipatin, Jeff Agoos, and Jonathan Bornstein (association football); Steve March Tormé (fast-pitch softball); Shawn Lipman (rugby); Dov Sternberg (karate); and Ori Sasson (judo).[64][65]

Participating nations edit

 
  – Countries that participated in the 19th Maccabiah (2013).
  – Past participants.
Main article: List of participating nations at the Maccabiah

The Maccabiah Games have grown into one of the world's largest sporting events, with 85 participating countries in the current edition of the Maccabiah. Below is a list of countries that participated in the most recent games in 2017. Scroll down for participating nations from the 2014 edition and other games[66]

Early games featured many delegations from the Arab nations. Iran, a Muslim, but not Arab country, which debuted at the 7th Maccabiah, stopped participating following the Iranian Revolution. Some of these countries have participated under multiple flags. Countries that previously participated but did not in the most recent Maccabiah are:

Former entity:

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b . Maccabiah. Archived from the original on March 29, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  2. ^ a b Nauright, p. 364.
  3. ^ a b Goldman, Ilan (July 8, 2013). "Arab athletes at the Maccabiah: Going for gold, seeking recognition". Haaretz. from the original on March 1, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  4. ^ "Levine inducted into Jewish sports hall as Maccabiah athletes feted at JC," July 29, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Ottawa Sun.
  5. ^ "80 N.J. athletes head to Maccabiah Games in Israel, world's third-largest sporting event". NJ.com. July 16, 2013. from the original on March 27, 2015.
  6. ^ Aharoni, Oren (July 16, 2013). "Biggest Maccabiah ever begins Thursday". Ynet News. from the original on February 25, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  7. ^ a b Silverman, Anav (July 22, 2013). "Maccabiah Games: Uniting Jewish Athletes Across the World". The Huffington Post. from the original on October 25, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  8. ^ "Amar'e Stoudemire to Revisit Israel as a Maccabi Coach," December 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine The New York Times.
  9. ^ "Records Fall Before Maccabiah Games Even Begin; U.S. squad is largest ever in what officials say is 'a life-changing experience'," July 2, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Jewish Week.
  10. ^ "Maccabiah Games Welcome 9,000 Athletes – Christian News 24–7 – CBN.com". cbn.com. from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  11. ^ Helen Jefferson Lenskyj (2012). Gender Politics and the Olympic Industry. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137291158.
  12. ^ a b c d Bard and Schwartz, p. 84.
  13. ^ "History of the Maccabiah Games". Maccabi Australia. from the original on February 24, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  14. ^ Porat, Avinoam (June 11, 2005). "Arab Israeli wins Maccabiah gold". Ynet. from the original on February 25, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  15. ^ "Leah Levey Set to Compete at Maccabiah Games in Israel Next Month". Case Western Reserve University. June 21, 2013. Archived from the original on February 16, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  16. ^ "Spirit of Judah Maccabee strides into the present day". CNN. December 24, 1997. from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  17. ^ a b Mendelsohn p. 31.
  18. ^ Nauright, p. 365.
  19. ^ Nauright, p. 366.
  20. ^ a b Bard and Schwartz, p. 85.
  21. ^ Sinai, Allon (July 18, 2013). "The opening ceremony of 19th Maccabiah Games 2013". The Jerusalem Post. from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
  22. ^ "Israel prepares for Maccabiah, 2022's largest world sporting event". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved July 10, 2022.
  23. ^ "Israel prepares for Maccabiah, 2022's largest world sporting event". The Jerusalem Post.
  24. ^ "Biden is first US president to attend Maccabiah 'Jewish Olympics'". July 15, 2022.
  25. ^ "First Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  26. ^ "Second Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  27. ^ "Third Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  28. ^ "Fourth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21. September 20, 1953.
  29. ^ "Fifth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  30. ^ "Sixth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  31. ^ "Seventh Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  32. ^ "Eighth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  33. ^ "Ninth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  34. ^ "Tenth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  35. ^ "Eleventh Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  36. ^ "Twelfth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  37. ^ "Thirteenth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21. September 6, 2009.
  38. ^ "Fourteenth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  39. ^ "Fifteenth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21. September 7, 2009.
  40. ^ "Sixteenth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  41. ^ "Seventeenth Maccabiah", Maccabiah 21
  42. ^ "Eighteenth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  43. ^ "Nineteenth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  44. ^ "Twentieth Maccabiah". Maccabiah 21.
  45. ^ "Maccabiah 21". Maccabiah.
  46. ^ a b Mendelsohn p. 26.
  47. ^ a b Hanak. p. 1.
  48. ^ Hanak. p. 2.
  49. ^ Unknown (February 21, 1936). "Austria Wins Skiing Event in Winter Maccabiah". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2014.
  50. ^ at the Wayback Machine (archived 2016-03-04), Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  51. ^ at the Wayback Machine (archived 2014-03-22) www.makkabi.com, retrieved 21 March 2014.
  52. ^ at the Wayback Machine (archived 2013-12-31)
  53. ^ "EMG2015 Berlin".
  54. ^ "European Maccabi Games".
  55. ^ Pan American Maccabi Games Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  56. ^ Mainline Media News Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  57. ^ "Home - Maccabi Pan Ams - revolutioniseSPORT".
  58. ^ Maccabi Games index[dead link]
  59. ^ Junior Carnival History[dead link]
  60. ^ "Watch the Maccabiah Opening Ceremonies". July 18, 2013. The Jewish Exponent. from the original on February 24, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  61. ^ 17th Maccabiah Basic Regulations September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  62. ^ "FEI Grants Approval for Horse Sports at Maccabiah Games". Dressage News. March 2, 2013. from the original on February 24, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  63. ^ Prittie, Terence (1975). "Israeli cricket". Wisden. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
  64. ^ Lieberman, Randall P. "Water polo among sports to be contested at Maccabiah Games". sun-sentinel.com. from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  65. ^ "Maccabiah". Maccabi World Union. from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  66. ^ . The Maccabiah. July 2013. Archived from the original on March 20, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.

Works cited edit

  • Mendelsohn, Ezra [in Hebrew] (March 31, 2009). Jews and the Sporting Life : Studies in Contemporary Jewry XXIII. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195382914.
  • Simri, Uriel (July 1981). Physical education and sport in the Jewish history and culture : proceedings of an international seminar. Netanya, Israel: Conference publication. LCCN 83112598. OCLC 25200212. OL 3206919M.
    • Hanak, Arthur. The Maccabi—Maccabiah Winter Games in 1933 and 1936.
  • Nauright, John. John Nauright, Charles Parrish (ed.). Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice (illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781598843002. OCLC 814221941.
  • Mitchell Geoffrey Bard; Moshe Schwartz (2005). One Thousand and One Facts Everyone Should Know about Israel. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 84. ISBN 9780742543584. LCCN 2005-012466. OCLC 60188587.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maccabiah Games.
  • Official website
  • TV report on the Maccabiah Games in Vienna (in German)
  • European Maccabi Games 2015 Official Website
  • Summaries of each of the games at Jewish Sports
  • Jewish swimmer to skip world championship for Maccabiah
  • The Maccabiyah Games – a sportive best regards from the fifties, Exhibition in the IDF&defense establishment archives
  • Jacob Gurvis (July 22, 2022). "How the Maccabiah Games supported a Jewish family in the face of tragedy," The Jerusalem Post

November 19, 2023
maccabiah, games, maccabiah, redirects, here, other, uses, maccabiah, disambiguation, world, hebrew, משחקי, המכביה, משחקי, המכביה, העולמית, sometimes, referred, jewish, olympics, first, held, 1932, international, jewish, israeli, multi, sport, event, held, qua. Maccabiah redirects here For other uses see Maccabiah disambiguation The Maccabiah Games a k a the World Maccabiah Games Hebrew משחקי המכביה or משחקי המכביה העולמית sometimes referred to as the Jewish Olympics first held in 1932 are an international Jewish and Israeli multi sport event held quadrennially in Israel 1 2 3 The Maccabiah Games are open to Jewish athletes from around the world and to all Israeli citizens regardless of their religion It is the third largest sporting event in the world by number of competitors with 10 000 athletes competing after the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The Maccabiah Games were declared a Regional Sports Event by and under the auspices and supervision of the International Olympic Committee in 1961 11 12 13 Contents 1 Games 2 Etymology 3 History 4 Editions of World Maccabiah 4 1 Summer Maccabiah 4 2 Winter Maccabiah 5 Regional Maccabiah 5 1 European Maccabiah 5 2 Pan American Maccabiah 5 3 Oceania Maccabiah Junior Carnival 6 Ceremonies 6 1 Opening 6 1 1 Parade of Nations 6 2 Closing 6 3 Medal presentation 6 4 Ceremony hosts 7 Sports 8 Champions and medalists 8 1 Notable participants 9 Participating nations 10 See also 11 References 11 1 Works cited 12 External linksGames editOriginally the Maccabiah was held every three years Since the 1953 Maccabiah Games the event has generally been held every four years in the year following the Olympic Games The Maccabiah Games are open to Jewish athletes from around the world as well as to all Israeli athletes regardless of ethnicity or religion Arab Israelis have also competed in it 3 14 Competitions at the Maccabiah are organized into four divisions 2 15 1 Open Seniors 2 Juniors 3 Masters and 4 Disabled The Games are organized by the Maccabi World Union Etymology editThe name Maccabiah was chosen after Judah Maccabee a Jewish leader who defended his country from King Antiochus 16 Modi in Judah s birthplace is also the starting location of the torch that lights the flames at the opening ceremony a tradition that started at the 4th Maccabiah 12 History editMain article History of the Maccabiah Games nbsp First Maccabiah Games nbsp Delegations in the streets of Tel Aviv during the parade of the 1st Maccabiah The Maccabiah Games were the result of a proposal put forward by Yosef Yekutieli in 1929 at the Maccabi World Congress Yekutieli who heard about the Stockholm Olympics wanted to form a representation for Eretz Yisrael Following the appointment of the new British Palestine High Commissioner Sir Arthur Grenfell Wauchope the Maccabiah got the go ahead The 1st Maccabiah opened on March 28 1932 17 The Maccabiah Stadium in Tel Aviv which was built with donations was filled to capacity Roughly 400 athletes from 18 countries took part in everything from swimming football and handball to various athletics In the first Games the Polish delegation took first place 17 The Maccabiah Games were intended to take place at an interval of three years Following the success of the first Games the 2nd Maccabiah was held from April 2 to 10 1935 despite official opposition by the British Mandatory government Over 1 300 athletes from 28 nations participated The 3rd Maccabiah which was originally scheduled for spring of 1938 12 was postponed until 1950 due to British concerns of large scale illegal immigration 12 World War II and the 1948 Arab Israeli War 18 It became the first Maccabiah to be held after the establishment of the State of Israel Starting from the 4th Maccabiah the games were changed to take place every four years in the year following the Olympics and since 1953 the Games have taken place every four years with the exception of the 21st Maccabiah which was postponed for one year due to the COVID 19 pandemic The 15th edition was marred by what became known as the Maccabiah bridge disaster when a temporary bridge built for the march of athletes at the opening ceremony collapsed plunging about 100 members of the Australian delegation into the waters of the Yarkon River Four athletes were killed and 63 injured 19 20 More than 5 000 participants from over 50 countries competed in those Games 20 nbsp US President Joe Biden together with President Issac Herzog and Prime Minister Yair Lapid at the Opening Ceremonies of the 2022 Maccabiah Games Over the last two decades the number of participants grew to 9 000 athletes in the 19th Maccabiah from 78 countries making it the 3rd largest sporting event in the world and the second largest sporting event in 2013 behind the 2013 Summer Universiade 7 21 It is a forum for Jewish athletes to meet and convene and provides the athletes with opportunities to explore Israel and Jewish history 1 Approximately 10 000 athletes from 80 countries were expected to compete in 42 sports categories in the 21st Maccabaiah It was reportedly the world s largest sporting event in 2022 22 President of the United States Joe Biden attended the opening ceremonies cheering on the U S delegation of 1 400 athletes larger than the U S delegation to the 2021 Tokyo Olympics 23 This made him the first American president to attend the Maccabiah Games 24 Editions of World Maccabiah editThe following is an overview of the Games Summer Maccabiah edit Edition Year Date main venue Countries participating Athletes participating Number of Sports Ref1 1932 28 Mar 6 Apr Maccabiah Stadium 27 390 16 25 2 1935 2 10 Apr 28 1 250 18 26 3 1950 28 Sept 11 Oct Ramat Gan Stadium 20 800 17 27 4 1953 22 29 Sept 22 892 19 28 5 1957 15 24 Sept 20 980 19 29 6 1961 29 Aug 5 Sept 27 1 000 20 30 7 1965 23 31 Aug 27 1 200 22 31 8 1969 28 July 7 Aug 27 1 450 22 32 9 1973 9 19 July 26 1 500 23 33 10 1977 12 21 July 34 2 700 26 34 11 1981 6 16 July 34 3 450 30 35 12 1985 15 25 July 37 3 700 28 36 13 1989 3 13 July 45 4 400 32 37 14 1993 5 15 July 48 5 100 38 15 1997 14 24 July 33 5 500 34 39 16 2001 16 23 July Teddy Stadium 49 2 200 40 17 2005 11 23 July Ramat Gan Stadium 55 7 300 41 18 2009 13 23 July 55 7 510 33 42 19 2013 18 30 July Teddy Stadium 77 7 500 34 43 20 2017 4 17 July 85 10 000 45 44 21 2022 12 26 July 80 10 000 47 45 Winter Maccabiah edit Main articles 1933 Maccabiah Games and 1936 Maccabiah Games nbsp Bronze medal from the winter games in Banska Bystrica 1936 in the Jewish Museum of Switzerland s collection Prior to World War II there was an attempt to organize a winter Maccabiah Due to the relatively warm temperatures in Palestine the winter Maccabiot were organized in European nations The 1st Winter Maccabiah was held in Zakopane Poland February 2 to 5 1933 46 47 The games were met with great opposition the Gazeta Warszawska newspaper encouraged Polish youth to intervene during the games to prevent the Jewification of Polish winter sports venues 46 A second attempt at the winter games was relatively more successful The 2nd Winter Maccabiah took place February 18 to 22 1936 in Banska Bystrica then Czechoslovakia 47 In the games 2 000 athletes from 12 nations participated 48 49 This was the last time a winter Maccabiah was ever held and the only two Maccabiot to not take place in the Land of Israel although Maccabi still runs smaller regional winter games to date Number Year Host Athletes Nations1 1933 nbsp Zakopane Poland 250 82 1936 nbsp Banska Bystrica Czechoslovakia 2 000 12Regional Maccabiah editEuropean Maccabiah edit List 50 Number Year Dates Hosts Athletes1 1929 Prague nbsp Czechoslovakia2 1930 Antwerpen nbsp Belgium3 1959 Kopenhagen nbsp Denmark4 1963 Lyon nbsp France5 1979 Leicester nbsp United Kingdom6 1983 Antwerpen nbsp Belgium7 1987 Kopenhagen nbsp Denmark8 1991 Marseille nbsp France9 1995 Amsterdam nbsp Netherlands10 1999 Stirling nbsp United Kingdom11 2003 Antwerpen nbsp Belgium12 2007 Rome nbsp Italy 1800 51 13 2011 Vienna nbsp Austria 2000 52 14 2015 27 July 5 August Berlin nbsp Germany c 2050 53 15 2019 29 July 7 August Budapest nbsp Hungary 3000 54 16 2023Pan American Maccabiah edit Latin American Maccabi s CLAM from 1966 Pan American Maccabiah 55 56 Number Year Host1 1966 Sao Paulo nbsp Brazil2 3 4 1979 Mexico City nbsp Mexico5 1983 nbsp Brazil6 1987 Caracas nbsp Venezuela7 1991 nbsp Uruguay8 1995 Buenos Aires nbsp Argentina9 199910 2003 Santiago de Chile nbsp Chile11 2007 Buenos Aires nbsp Argentina12 2011 Sao Paulo nbsp Brazil13 2015 nbsp Chile14 2019 Mexico City nbsp Mexico 57 15 2023Oceania Maccabiah Junior Carnival edit The Maccabi Junior Carnivals are a sporting event held for the Jewish youth of Australia or New Zealand It has been held annually since 1982 usually in January 58 Venues were 59 Sydney 1982 Perth 1983 Melbourne 1984 Sydney 1986 Brisbane 1987 Adelaide 1988 Sydney 1989 Perth 1990 Melbourne 1991 Sydney 1992 Perth 1993 Melbourne 1994 Sydney 1995 Melbourne 1996 Perth 1997 Sydney 1998 Melbourne 1999 Perth 2000 Sydney 2001 Melbourne 2002 Perth 2003 Auckland 2004 Sydney 2005 Perth 2006 Melbourne 2007 Auckland 2008 Sydney 2009 Perth 2010 Melbourne 2011 Brisbane 2012 Sydney 2013 Perth 2014 Melbourne 2015 Sydney 2016 Sydney 2017 Melbourne 2018 Sydney 2019Ceremonies edit nbsp The World Maccabi Movement flag during the opening ceremony of the 19th Maccabiah The Maccabiah ceremonies are two ceremonial events that take place during the first and last days of the Maccabiah games The ceremonies are an important part of the Jewish culture in Israel and the Zionist movement The ceremonies of the Maccabiah trace their roots to the Olympic Games of the early 20th century As such they share many similarities The Maccabiah opening ceremony which is organized by the Maccabi World Union has recently been presented in English Hebrew and Spanish Opening edit nbsp Opening ceremony of the 17th Maccabiah The opening ceremonies represent the official commencement of the Maccabiah Some sports however such as golf and rugby might start prior to the opening ceremonies in order to finish on time The opening ceremony for the first Games was held at the new Maccabiah Stadium The Stadium which is located next to the Yarkon River in Tel Aviv was finished just the night before The Stadium also hosted the 2nd Maccabiah in 1935 For the 3rd Maccabiah the opening ceremony took place in a new stadium in Ramat Gan The stadium has been hosting the opening ceremonies of the Maccabiah ever since with the exception of the 16th 19th and 20th Maccabiah Games which were held in Teddy Stadium Jerusalem nbsp The United States delegation to the 19th Maccabiah with 1 106 people the second largest delegation after Israel The ceremonies often start with the introduction of the active participants of the Maccabi youth movement After the parade of nations the opening ceremony continues on with a presentation of artistic displays of music singing dance and theater representative of the Jewish culture In recent games Jewish singers from around the world participated in the opening ceremony For example in 2013 Grammy Award winner Miri Ben Ari and X Factor USA finalist Carly Rose Sonenclar performed at the opening ceremony 60 Parade of Nations edit See also Parade of Nations at the Olympic Games Just like at the Olympics the Maccabiah starts out with a Parade of Nations during which most participating athletes march into the stadium country by country The countries enter the stadium in accordance with the Hebrew alphabet The parade of nations in contrast to some other games include junior and disabled athletes who also partake in the competitions In accordance with the Maccabiah s tradition the Israeli delegation always enters last Closing edit The closing ceremony of the Maccabiah Games takes place after all sporting events have concluded Typically a member of Maccabi or some other well known figure makes the closing speech and the Games officially close The ceremony includes large artistic displays of music singing and dance Various Jewish singers perform during the closing ceremony In recent years the closing ceremonies included popular musicians and live music and dancing Medal presentation edit A medal ceremony is held after each Maccabiah event is concluded The winner second and third place competitors or teams stand on top of a three tiered rostrum to be awarded their respective medals Medals are awarded by an official Maccabi member Ceremony hosts edit Year Hosts s 1981 Azaria Rapoport Closing 2005 Becky Griffin and Rodrigo Gonzales2009 Galit Giat and Michael HarPaz2013 Miri Nevo and Dana Grotsky2017 Noa Tishby and Miri Nevo Opening Bar Refaeli Closing 2022 Yael Bar Zohar and Niv Raskin Opening Sports edit nbsp Shaul Ladany center winner of the 10 kilometre walk on podium during 8th Maccabiah Games at Ramat Gan Stadium 1969 nbsp Israeli high jumping champion Gideon Harmat a silver medalist at the 11th Maccabiah Main article Maccabiah sports The Maccabiah Games recognize all 28 current Olympic sports plus a number of other sports such as chess cricket and netball In contrast with the Olympic Games and other major international sporting events the Maccabiah rules regarding accepting new sports are very lenient New sports are accepted to the Maccabiah Games provided that competitions will only take place if at least four delegations bring competitors for that sport three in the case of female sports as well as the junior divisions 61 As a result the Maccabiah has held various unique competitions such as duplicate bridge Karate not yet on the Olympic schedule made its debut in 1977 at the 10th Maccabiah Games The requisite number of initial countries signed on and agreed to send delegations Since 1977 karate has participated uninterrupted Although at the beginning karate was only contested in the fighting or kumite category forms or kata was included in 1981 In 1985 women s karate was added Junior and youth categories made their debut in 2009 The World Karate Federation a member of the International Olympic Committee IOC oversees and supervises the rules of karate competition at the Maccabiah The Maccabiah Games are organized into four divisions Open Junior Masters and Paralympics Open The Open games are generally unlimited in age and are intended for the best athletes from each delegation bound by the governing international rules in each sport Junior The Junior Maccabiah games are open to any qualifying athlete aged 15 18 Masters The Masters games are for older competitors they are divided into a number of different age categories Paralympic The Paralympic games are generally open to all athletes with a range of physical and intellectual disabilities Past games included Para cycling Paralympic swimming Para table tennis Half Marathon and Wheelchair Basketball In recent Maccabiot there has been a renewed interest in introducing new sports to the Maccabiah In the 15th Maccabiah Games ice hockey was first introduced Ice hockey was not included in immediately subsequent games but returned in the 19th Maccabiah Squash became an official sport in the 10th Maccabiah Games in 1977 The 19th Maccabiah was also granted provisional approval for dressage and jumping competitions from the FEI 62 Champions and medalists editMain article Lists of Maccabiah Games medalists Notable participants edit nbsp Four time Olympic gold medalist Jason Lezak at the 2009 Maccabiah Games nbsp NHL hockey player Zach Hyman and brother Spencer helped Team Canada win a gold medal at the 2013 Maccabiah Games Athletes who have competed in the Maccabiah Games include many Olympic gold medalists world champions and world record holders Among them have been Mark Spitz Lenny Krayzelburg Jason Lezak Marilyn Ramenofsky and Anthony Ervin swimming Mitch Gaylord Abie Grossfeld Agnes Keleti Valery Belenky Kerri Strug and Linoy Ashram gymnastics Ernie Grunfeld Danny Schayes coaches Larry Brown Nat Holman and Dolph Schayes basketball Carina Benninga field hockey Lillian Copeland Gerry Ashworth and Gary Gubner track and field Angela Buxton Brad Gilbert Julie Heldman Allen Fox Nicolas Massu and Dick Savitt tennis Angelica Rozeanu table tennis Sergey Sharikov Vadim Gutzeit Soren Thompson and Mariya Mazina fencing Isaac Berger and Frank Spellman weightlifting Lindsey Durlacher Jason Goldman Fred Oberlander and Henry Wittenberg wrestling Max Fried and Dean Kremer baseball Donald Spero and Michael Oren rowing Bruce Fleisher golf Adam Bacher Dennis Gamsy Neil Rosendorff Marshall Rosen Bob Herman cricket 63 Boris Gelfand and Judit Polgar chess Irwin Cotler ping pong Marcelo Lipatin Jeff Agoos and Jonathan Bornstein association football Steve March Torme fast pitch softball Shawn Lipman rugby Dov Sternberg karate and Ori Sasson judo 64 65 Participating nations edit nbsp Countries that participated in the 19th Maccabiah 2013 Past participants Main article List of participating nations at the Maccabiah The Maccabiah Games have grown into one of the world s largest sporting events with 85 participating countries in the current edition of the Maccabiah Below is a list of countries that participated in the most recent games in 2017 Scroll down for participating nations from the 2014 edition and other games 66 nbsp Albania nbsp Argentina nbsp Australia nbsp Austria nbsp Azerbaijan nbsp Barbados nbsp Belarus nbsp Belgium nbsp Bolivia nbsp Brazil nbsp Canada nbsp Cayman Islands nbsp Chile nbsp China nbsp Costa Rica nbsp Cuba nbsp Curacao nbsp Czech Republic nbsp Denmark nbsp Dominican Republic nbsp El Salvador nbsp Finland nbsp France nbsp Georgia nbsp Germany nbsp Gibraltar nbsp Great Britain nbsp Greece nbsp Honduras nbsp Hong Kong nbsp Hungary nbsp India nbsp Ireland nbsp Israel nbsp Italy nbsp Jamaica nbsp Japan nbsp Kazakhstan nbsp Kyrgyzstan nbsp Latvia nbsp Lithuania nbsp Macedonia nbsp Mexico nbsp Moldova nbsp Morocco nbsp Netherlands nbsp Nicaragua nbsp Norway nbsp Panama nbsp Paraguay nbsp Peru nbsp Poland nbsp Portugal nbsp Puerto Rico nbsp Russia nbsp Scotland nbsp Serbia nbsp Singapore nbsp Slovakia nbsp Slovenia nbsp South Africa nbsp South Korea nbsp Spain nbsp Suriname nbsp Sweden nbsp Switzerland nbsp Taiwan nbsp Thailand nbsp Turkey nbsp Ukraine nbsp United States nbsp Uruguay nbsp Uzbekistan nbsp Venezuela nbsp Vietnam Early games featured many delegations from the Arab nations Iran a Muslim but not Arab country which debuted at the 7th Maccabiah stopped participating following the Iranian Revolution Some of these countries have participated under multiple flags Countries that previously participated but did not in the most recent Maccabiah are nbsp Armenia nbsp Aruba nbsp Bahamas nbsp Bermuda nbsp Bosnia amp Herzegovina nbsp Bulgaria nbsp Democratic Republic of the Congo nbsp Republic of the Congo nbsp Colombia nbsp Croatia nbsp Cyprus nbsp Ecuador nbsp Egypt nbsp Estonia nbsp Ethiopia nbsp Grenada nbsp Guam nbsp Guatemala nbsp Guinea Bissau nbsp Iran nbsp Kenya nbsp Lebanon nbsp Libya nbsp Luxembourg nbsp Malta nbsp Mauritius nbsp Monaco nbsp Mongolia nbsp New Zealand nbsp Palau nbsp Romania nbsp Samoa nbsp Syria nbsp U S Virgin Islands nbsp Zambia nbsp Zimbabwe Former entity nbsp Czechoslovakia nbsp DanzigSee also editIslamic Solidarity Games Maccabi Australia Sport in Israel European Maccabi Games 2015 Muscular Judaism Judenklub MakkabiadeReferences edit a b About Us Maccabiah Maccabiah Archived from the original on March 29 2014 Retrieved February 16 2014 a b Nauright p 364 a b Goldman Ilan July 8 2013 Arab athletes at the Maccabiah Going for gold seeking recognition Haaretz Archived from the original on March 1 2014 Retrieved February 16 2014 Levine inducted into Jewish sports hall as Maccabiah athletes feted at JC Archived July 29 2017 at the Wayback Machine Ottawa Sun 80 N J athletes head to Maccabiah Games in Israel world s third largest sporting event NJ com July 16 2013 Archived from the original on March 27 2015 Aharoni Oren July 16 2013 Biggest Maccabiah ever begins Thursday Ynet News Archived from the original on February 25 2014 Retrieved February 20 2014 a b Silverman Anav July 22 2013 Maccabiah Games Uniting Jewish Athletes Across the World The Huffington Post Archived from the original on October 25 2013 Retrieved February 20 2014 Amar e Stoudemire to Revisit Israel as a Maccabi Coach Archived December 20 2016 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times Records Fall Before Maccabiah Games Even Begin U S squad is largest ever in what officials say is a life changing experience Archived July 2 2017 at the Wayback Machine Jewish Week Maccabiah Games Welcome 9 000 Athletes Christian News 24 7 CBN com cbn com Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved May 4 2018 Helen Jefferson Lenskyj 2012 Gender Politics and the Olympic Industry Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 9781137291158 a b c d Bard and Schwartz p 84 History of the Maccabiah Games Maccabi Australia Archived from the original on February 24 2014 Retrieved February 16 2014 Porat Avinoam June 11 2005 Arab Israeli wins Maccabiah gold Ynet Archived from the original on February 25 2014 Retrieved February 16 2014 Leah Levey Set to Compete at Maccabiah Games in Israel Next Month Case Western Reserve University June 21 2013 Archived from the original on February 16 2014 Retrieved February 16 2014 Spirit of Judah Maccabee strides into the present day CNN December 24 1997 Archived from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved February 16 2014 a b Mendelsohn p 31 Nauright p 365 Nauright p 366 a b Bard and Schwartz p 85 Sinai Allon July 18 2013 The opening ceremony of 19th Maccabiah Games 2013 The Jerusalem Post Archived from the original on January 4 2014 Retrieved January 3 2014 Israel prepares for Maccabiah 2022 s largest world sporting event The Jerusalem Post Retrieved July 10 2022 Israel prepares for Maccabiah 2022 s largest world sporting event The Jerusalem Post Biden is first US president to attend Maccabiah Jewish Olympics July 15 2022 First Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Second Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Third Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Fourth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 September 20 1953 Fifth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Sixth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Seventh Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Eighth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Ninth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Tenth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Eleventh Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Twelfth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Thirteenth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 September 6 2009 Fourteenth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Fifteenth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 September 7 2009 Sixteenth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Seventeenth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Eighteenth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Nineteenth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Twentieth Maccabiah Maccabiah 21 Maccabiah 21 Maccabiah a b Mendelsohn p 26 a b Hanak p 1 Hanak p 2 Unknown February 21 1936 Austria Wins Skiing Event in Winter Maccabiah Jewish Telegraphic Agency Archived from the original on March 5 2014 Retrieved February 22 2014 Archivierte Kopie at the Wayback Machine archived 2016 03 04 Retrieved 21 March 2014 Archivierte Kopie at the Wayback Machine archived 2014 03 22 www makkabi com retrieved 21 March 2014 Archivierte Kopie at the Wayback Machine archived 2013 12 31 EMG2015 Berlin European Maccabi Games Pan American Maccabi Games Retrieved 21 March 2014 Mainline Media News Retrieved 21 March 2014 Home Maccabi Pan Ams revolutioniseSPORT Maccabi Games index dead link Junior Carnival History dead link Watch the Maccabiah Opening Ceremonies July 18 2013 The Jewish Exponent Archived from the original on February 24 2014 Retrieved February 20 2014 17th Maccabiah Basic Regulations Archived September 27 2007 at the Wayback Machine FEI Grants Approval for Horse Sports at Maccabiah Games Dressage News March 2 2013 Archived from the original on February 24 2014 Retrieved February 20 2014 Prittie Terence 1975 Israeli cricket Wisden Retrieved November 3 2019 Lieberman Randall P Water polo among sports to be contested at Maccabiah Games sun sentinel com Archived from the original on August 6 2017 Retrieved May 4 2018 Maccabiah Maccabi World Union Archived from the original on October 3 2017 Retrieved May 4 2018 Games Competitions The Maccabiah July 2013 Archived from the original on March 20 2014 Retrieved February 20 2014 Works cited edit Mendelsohn Ezra in Hebrew March 31 2009 Jews and the Sporting Life Studies in Contemporary Jewry XXIII Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0195382914 Simri Uriel July 1981 Physical education and sport in the Jewish history and culture proceedings of an international seminar Netanya Israel Conference publication LCCN 83112598 OCLC 25200212 OL 3206919M Hanak Arthur The Maccabi Maccabiah Winter Games in 1933 and 1936 Nauright John John Nauright Charles Parrish ed Sports Around the World History Culture and Practice illustrated ed ABC CLIO ISBN 9781598843002 OCLC 814221941 Mitchell Geoffrey Bard Moshe Schwartz 2005 One Thousand and One Facts Everyone Should Know about Israel Rowman amp Littlefield p 84 ISBN 9780742543584 LCCN 2005 012466 OCLC 60188587 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maccabiah Games Official website TV report on the Maccabiah Games in Vienna in German European Maccabi Games 2015 Official Website Summaries of each of the games at Jewish Sports Jewish swimmer to skip world championship for Maccabiah The Maccabiyah Games a sportive best regards from the fifties Exhibition in the IDF amp defense establishment archives Jacob Gurvis July 22 2022 How the Maccabiah Games supported a Jewish family in the face of tragedy The Jerusalem Post Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Maccabiah Games amp oldid 1179384348, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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