M4 Motorway (Sydney)

Not to be confused with Great Western Highway.

The M4 Motorway is a 52.6-kilometre (32.7 mi) partially tolled dual carriageway motorway in Sydney, New South Wales that is designated the M4 route marker. The M4 designation is part of the wider A4 and M4 route designation, the M4 runs parallel/below ground to the Great Western Highway and Parramatta Road (A44).

M4 Motorway New South Wales
Aerial view looking east in December 2010
General information
Type	Motorway
Length	52.6 km (33 mi)^[1]
Opened	1971–1993 (Glenbrook-Strathfield) 2019 (Strathfield–Haberfield) 2023 (Haberfield-Leichhardt)
Route number(s)	M4 (2013–present)
Former route number	Metroad 4 (1992–2013) Freeway F4 (1973–1992) National Route 32 (1971–1992)
Major junctions
East end	M8 Motorway Leichhardt, Sydney
	Parramatta Road City West Link Homebush Bay Drive Silverwater Road Great Western Highway Cumberland Highway Prospect Highway Westlink M7 The Northern Road
West end	Great Western Highway Glenbrook, Sydney
Location(s)
Major suburbs / towns	Penrith, Prospect, Parramatta, Granville, Clyde, Auburn, Homebush, Concord
Highway system
Highways in Australia National Highway • Freeways in Australia Highways in New South Wales

The M4 Motorway comprises three connected parts:

• The Western Motorway is the original section completed between 1971 and 1993, spanning between Concord and Glenbrook where it continues as the A32 Great Western Highway through the Blue Mountains towards Bathurst. In 2017, the section between Church Street in Parramatta to Concord was widened and tolled as part of the WestConnex.^[2][3][4][5]
• The WestConnex M4 is a 5.6-kilometre (3.5 mi) tunnel from Homebush to Haberfield. It was completed and opened to traffic on 13 July 2019 as part of the WestConnex.^[6][7][8]
• The M4 & M8 Extensions extends the WestConnex M4 from Haberfield to Leichhardt where it meets the M8 Motorway and the Rozelle Interchange to allow connections with Victoria Road and the Anzac Bridge. The extension was partially completed and opened on 20 January 2023 as part of the WestConnex while the remaining section between Leichhardt and Rozelle will open in late 2023.^[9][10][11]

Approximately 36 kilometres (22 mi) of the motorway is not tolled, that section being the road between Merrylands and Glenbrook. The section between Parramatta and Haberfield, known as WestConnex M4, is tolled as it is part of the WestConnex.^[5][12] However the section between Haberfield and Leichhardt is not considered part of WestConnex M4, despite having been designated the M4 route marker.^[13]

The M4 cycleway runs parallel to the M4 Motorway between Sydney Olympic Park and South Wentworthville.

Sections

Alignment

 

The first main road west from Sydney was the Great Western Highway, shown above in orange. The County of Cumberland planning scheme provided for a modified route west, much of which was later built as the M4 Western Motorway. With the opening of the M4 East tunnel in 2019, the M4 extends as far east as Dalhousie Street, Haberfield.

Western Motorway

 

M4 Motorway looking East from the Olympic Park line

 

M4 Tunnel entrance at North Strathfield looking east

The Western Motorway was originally constructed in several stages as the F4 Western Freeway between the late 1960s and the mid-1980s: the first 5km-long section between Emu Plains and Regentville (including a new bridge over the Nepean River) opened in October 1971; the second 14.5km-long section between Regentville and Eastern Creek opened in December 1972; the third 4km-long section between Eastern Creek and Prospect opened in April 1974.^[14] On the basis of a pre-election promise made by the NSW Premier Neville Wran in 1976, all land reserved for the expressway between Pyrmont and the (then) eastern termination point at Strathfield was sold off to property developers or declassified as a freeway corridor in 1977 by the State Government.^[15][16] The F4 Western Freeway from Strathfield to Auburn was opened on 16 December 1982 by Premier Wran.^[14][17] However a lack of funding resulted in the Wran Labor government halting plans to construct the final stage between Mays Hill and Prospect in 1985. In December 1989 work to construct this stage began as a Build-Own-Operate-Transfer project.^[18] In return for funding construction StateWide Roads, the consortium awarded to build the stage, was given permission to toll the section between James Ruse Drive and Silverwater Road as traffic volumes on this section were significantly higher than between Mays Hill-Prospect and would allow a shorter toll period with lower tolls. The consortium would also widen the section between James Ruse Drive and the newly constructed Homebush Bay Drive to six lanes. The Mays Hill to Prospect section opened in May 1992 and an initial of a $1.50 toll was implemented. The concession held by StateWide Roads ended on 15 February 2010, with operation of the motorway returned to the Roads and Traffic Authority and the toll removed. At the time, StateWide Roads was owned by Transurban (50.6%) and Utilities Trust of Australia (21.5%).^[19]

The motorway is mostly three or four lanes wide in either direction, and carries constant heavy traffic during daylight hours, seven days a week. Built as a four-lane motorway, it was widened to six lanes during 1998 to 2000, but this did little to ease the congestion.^{[citation needed]}

Originally planned in the mid-1950s to start in the Sydney central business district,^[20] the eastern section was built only as far west as Pyrmont, as part of the North West Expressway, or F3, a freeway that would connect the Sydney and Newcastle central business districts. This section is now part of the Western Distributor. From there it was to have joined with the Western Expressway, the F4, and the Southern Expressway, the F6, in Glebe.^[21] At the western end of the Western Freeway as it was known in the late 1960s was to be routed through the Mitchell's Pass area through to Blaxland, however due to protests and the fact that the historic Lennox Bridge was very close to the intended pathway, it was decided to terminate the road at Russell Street, Emu Plains until a solution could be later found. This would have bypassed the Lapstone Hill area and avoided the sharp bends as the road enters Glenbrook. In December 1989 the extension of the freeway from Russell Street, west to the Great Western Highway in the vicinity of Governors Drive would bypass the narrow and winding section of the Great Western Highway, including the historic Knapsack Bridge. In June 1993, the new section of freeway between Emu Plains and Lapstone was opened to traffic.^[22]

In 2013, the state government announced the intention to implement a 'Managed Motorway' scheme on the M4 over the coming years to improve traffic flow. Mechanisms to be used include improved Variable Message Signs, Ramp metering signals, dynamic speed and incident management, and an upgrade of the Emergency Telephone System.^[23]

The Western Motorway used to be part of the Sydney Metroad 4 until 2013, when the new M4 route designation was proclaimed along the whole motorway.^[24]

The section between Church Street in Parramatta and the eastern end at Concord was widened as part of WestConnex works. Construction commenced in March 2015 and in November 2015, it was announced that toll points would be reinstated on this section from 2017 to cover costs of the WestConnex project. The toll was introduced on 15 August 2017.^[5]

WestConnex M4

WestConnex M4 Tunnel

WestConnex M4 Tunnel western exit at Homebush
Overview
Route	M4 Motorway
Start	Haberfield (east)
End	Homebush (west)
Operation
Work begun	2015
Constructed	Leighton Contractors Samsung John Holland Group
Opened	13 July 2019 (2019-07-13)
Owner	WestConnex
Operator	Sydney Motorway Corporation
Toll	$4.41 (2020 dollars, subject to indexing, each way)
Technical
Length	5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi)
No. of lanes	3 in each direction
Operating speed	80 kilometres per hour (50 mph) (variable speed limit)

See also: WestConnex

Up until 2019, the eastern end of the M4 was at North Strathfield, some 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the Sydney central business district. Over the years a number of proposals were made to extend the M4 east towards the city. One plan in the 1990s involved extending the M4 eastwards by approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) so that it would subsequently end in Ashfield and be continuous with the City West Link. Further planned upgrades to the City West Link would mean commuters going west out of the city could get to Parramatta without passing through traffic lights.

The government proposed a subsequent $7 billion plan for M4 East in July 2002, including three options:^[25][26]

• short tunnel option: a 3.6-kilometre (2.2 mi) tunnel between the M4 at Concord and City West Link and Parramatta Road at Haberfield
• long tunnel option: a 6.5-kilometre (4.0 mi) tunnel between the M4 at Concord and City West Link at Lilyfield
• slot option: a sunken trench road similar to the Eastern Distributor, between the M4 at Concord and Parramatta Road at Haberfield

All three options would run below or parallel to Parramatta Road and/or City West Link. The short tunnel option was preferred for having lower costs both during construction and operation. The long tunnel option was considered to have the potential to increase congestion on the approaches to Anzac Bridge, causing eastbound queues to extend into the tunnels. The slot option could be constructed at a similar cost to the short tunnel, however, it was considered to not provide the same level of traffic benefits as the short tunnel option. Additionally, the option would need to acquire additional properties and the construction period for this option would be longer.^[26]

Between 2003 and 2004, the preferred short tunnel option for an eastern extension of the M4 Motorway was exhibited.^[26] Members of the government were divided over the M4 East proposal and ultimately did not proceed with it in early 2005 due to community opposition.^[25][27] The preferred option eventually formed the basis of the concept design for the M4 East project of the WestConnex.

In the month prior to the 2011 state election, the NRMA released a report in which it recommended building a tunnel to connect the end of the M4 at Concord and the start of the City West Link, relieving Parramatta Road of enough traffic to convert it into two lanes for slower-moving local traffic, two lanes of light rail and a cycleway.^[28] The report argued that this would allow Parramatta Road to be transformed with medium-density housing, shops and cafes and that the $10.04 billion in additional stamp duty and other revenues from this would pay for the $7.38 billion price tag of the project.^[29]

In October 2012, the NSW Government announced their commitment to deliver the WestConnex project, involving widening the existing M4 motorway as well as extending it east with a tunnel from North Strathfield to Taverners Hill. The project also involved duplicating the M5 East tunnel and building a new tunnel linking the M4 and M5 motorways.^[30]

In June 2015, the tender to design and build the WestConnex M4 Tunnel was awarded to Leighton Contractors, Samsung and John Holland.^[31] Located 35 metres (115 ft) beneath Parramatta Road, the 5.5-kilometre (3 mi) dual-tunnel was funded through a $1.8 billion grant from the NSW Government and, from the Australian Government, a $1.5 billion grant and concessional loan of up to $2 billion, plus user tolling.^[32] The M4 East opened to traffic on 13 July 2019^[7][8] and tolls were levied on both the M4 East Tunnel ($4.41 in 2020,^[33] comprising a flagfall and a change per distance travelled, subject to indexing) and the widening of the M4 between Parramatta and Homebush (base of $4.21 each way, subject to indexing). Both tolls will continue until 2060.^[34][35]

M4 & M8 Extensions

Stage 3 of the WestConnex scheme saw a new motorway connection running from the end of the M4 at Haberfield to connect with the airport and the M8 Motorway (formerly the New M5) at St Peters, along with an interchange at Rozelle linking to the Anzac Bridge and Victoria Road (Iron Cove Bridge). This section would aim to reduce travel times between Western Sydney and Port Botany while removing heavy vehicles from surface streets in the Inner West.^[36][37]

In September 2022, the government announced that the connection would be referred to as extensions of the M4 and M8 when the connection opened.^[9] The main tunnels between WestConnex M4 Tunnels at Haberfield and the M8 Tunnels at St Peters opened on 20 January 2023, with the M4 and M8 route markers extended to meet at Leichhardt, where the connection to Rozelle Interchange would branch off from the main tunnels. The connection to Rozelle Interchange (and a further extension of the M4 and M8 route markers) will open in late 2023.^[10]

M4 Smart Motorway Project

In July 2019, the NSW government announced its M4 Smart Motorway Project^[38] which involves widening the on and off ramps for the untolled section of the motorway between Lapstone and Mays Hill, including the installation of overhead gantries with variable speed limit displays and traffic signals on the on-ramps between Orchard Hills and Mays Hill for traffic metering during peak periods.

Toll

See also: WestConnex § Tolls

The WestConnex section of the M4 between Church Street, Parramatta and Haberfield are tolled by distance travelled as part of the WestConnex. Toll points are located at entrances and exits along this section. The toll charge consists of:

• a flagfall
• a charge per kilometre

Tolls for heavy vehicles are triple of cars and motorcycles. Toll prices increase by 4% or the consumer price index (CPI) every year, whichever is greater, until 2040, after which CPI will apply.^[39]

This table is an excerpt from Toll roads in Australia

Toll prices as of 1 July 2023^[update][40]

Toll road	Class A toll prices^[a]			Class B toll prices^[a]	Toll increase^[42]	Toll concessionaire	Expiry of toll concession^[43]
	Flagfall	Charge per km	Toll cap
WestConnex (M4, M5 East, M8)	$1.57	$0.5814	$11.11	3 x of Class A prices	Annually on 1 January, by the greater of CPI or 4% until December 2040, then by CPI only	Sydney Transport Partners (9% Tawreed Investments Limited, 10.5% CPPIB, 10% Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (CDPQ), 20.5% Australian Super, 50% Transurban)	2060

1. Class A vehicles are typically cars and motorcycles; Class B vehicles are all other vehicles including trucks and heavy vehicles^[41]

A toll point was previously introduced between James Ruse Drive and Silverwater Road in both directions until the toll was removed on 16 February 2010, when the M4 ownership was returned to the state government.^[44]

Exits and interchanges

LGA	Location	km^[1]	mi	Destinations	Notes
Blue Mountains	Glenbrook	0	0.0	Great Western Highway (A32) – Katoomba, Lithgow, Bathurst	Western terminus of motorway and route M4; Road continues as Great Western Highway
Blue Mountains–Penrith boundary	Glenbrook–Emu Plains–Leonay tripoint	0.6	0.37	Blue Mountains railway line
Penrith	Emu Plains–Leonay boundary	1.7	1.1	Russell Street (A44) – Emu Plains, Penrith	Offset dumbbell interchange
Nepean River		2.6	1.6	Regentville Bridge
Penrith	Jamisontown–Regentville boundary	4.0	2.5	Mulgoa Road – Mulgoa, Penrith	Diamond interchange
	Glenmore Park–South Penrith–Orchard Hills tripoint	7.5	4.7	The Northern Road (A9)  – Windsor, Narellan, Nepean Hospital	Single-point urban interchange
	Orchard Hills–Claremont Meadows boundary	12.7	7.9	Kent Road – Orchard Hills, Werrington	Half-diamond interchange, eastbound entrance and westbound exit only
South Creek		13.2	8.2	Bridge over the river (no known name)
Penrith	Orchard Hills–St Clair–St Marys tripoint	13.7	8.5	Mamre Road – St Marys, Badgerys Creek	Partial cloverleaf interchange
	Erskine Park–Colyton boundary	17.2	10.7	Roper Road (north) – Mt Druitt, Lethbridge Park Erskine Park Road (south) – Erskine Park	Partial cloverleaf interchange, eastbound and westbound entrance, westbound exit only
Blacktown	Eastern Creek–Minchinbury boundary	21.6	13.4	Wallgrove Road – Horsley Park, Rooty Hill	Diamond interchange
				Westlink M7 (M7) – Dean Park, Bella Vista, Prestons, Sydney Airport (via M5)	Light Horse Interchange: modified four-level stack interchange; tolled entrance to and exit from M7
	Huntingwood–Blacktown–Prospect tripoint	25.5	15.8	Reservoir Road – Pemulwuy, Blacktown, Sydney Motorsport Park, Prospect Reservoir	Partial diamond and partial cloverleaf interchange
	Prospect	27.4	17.0	Prospect Highway – Pemulwuy, Prospect, Wet'n'Wild, Prospect Reservoir	Partial offset dumbbell interchange
Parramatta	Greystanes–South Wentworthville boundary	32.0	19.9	Cumberland Highway (A28) – Wahroonga, Pennant Hills, Liverpool, Westmead and Children's hospitals	Diamond interchange
	South Wentworthville–Merrylands boundary	33.7	20.9	Great Western Highway (A44) – Wentworthville, Westmead, Parramatta   Coleman Street – Westmead, Merrylands, Westmead and Children's hospitals	Eastbound entrance ramp from Great Western Highway; Westbound exit via Coleman Street
	Merrylands	34.6	21.5	Burnett Street – Merrylands, Parramatta	Eastbound entrance and westbound exit only
	Holroyd	35.9	22.3	Western boundary of toll road
	Holroyd–Granville boundary	36.2	22.5	Church Street (Great Western Highway) (A44 north) – Parramatta   Parramatta Road (Great Western Highway) (A44 east) – Granville, Strathfield Woodville Road (south) – Villawood	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance only No right turn from Church Street into westbound entrance ramp
	Clyde	37.7	23.4	James Ruse Drive (north) – Rose Hill, North Parramatta, Northmead	Eastbound exit to the north only, westbound entrance from the north only
		37.8	23.5	James Ruse Drive – Rose Hill, North Parramatta, Northmead, to Great Western Highway	Eastbound entrance and westbound exit only
Duck River		38.8	24.1	Bridge over the river (no known name)
Cumberland	Auburn–Lidcombe boundary	40.4	25.1	Silverwater Road (A6) – Bankstown, Heathcote, Silverwater, Carlingford	Diamond interchange
Haslams Creek		41.2	25.6	Bridge over the river (no known name)
Cumberland	Lidcombe	41.6	25.8	Hill Road – Lidcombe, Wentworth Point, Sydney Olympic Park	Eastbound exit to the north, eastbound and westbound entrances from the north only
	Homebush West	43.3	26.9	Homebush Bay Drive (A3 north) – Ryde, Mona Vale, Sydney Olympic Park   Centenary Drive (A3 south) – Homebush West, Beverley Hills, Blakehurst	Offset diamond interchange hybrid; westbound entrance from the north is via a loop
Strathfield	Homebush	44.0	27.3	M4 Western Motorway eastern terminus; M4 East western terminus	M4 East Tunnel entrance/exit
		45.0	28.0	Parramatta Road (Great Western Highway) (A44)  – Homebush	Westbound entrance only
Powells Creek		45.1	28.0	Tunnel under creek, bridge over the creek (no known name)
Strathfield	North Strathfield	45.5	28.3	Sydney Street (to Concord Road) – North Strathfield, Strathfield, Concord	Surface entrance and exit: Eastbound exit to the north and south, westbound entrance from the north only
				Concord Road – North Strathfield, Strathfield, Concord	Tunnel entrance and exit: Eastbound entrance and westbound exit only
	North Strathfield–Concord boundary	45.9	28.5	Parramatta Road (Great Western Highway) (A44) – Burwood, Five Dock	Westbound entrance from and eastbound exit to east only Eastern terminus of surface-level roadway
Iron Cove Creek		48.9	30.4	Tunnel under the creek
Inner West	Haberfield	49.3	30.6	M4 East eastern terminus; M4-M8 Link western terminus
				Wattle Street (City West Link) (A44) – Haberfield, Rozelle, Sydney	Westbound entrance from and eastbound exit to the north only Eastbound entrance from and westbound exit to the south only
	Haberfield–Ashfield boundary	49.6	30.8	Parramatta Road (Great Western Highway) (A22) – Leichhardt, Haymarket	Westbound entrance from and eastbound exit to the east only
Hawthorne Canal		51.2	31.8	Tunnel under the canal
Inner West	Leichhardt	52.6	32.7	M8 Motorway (M8) – St Peters, Sydney Airport	M4 Motorway eastern terminus; Road continues as M8 Motorway along M4-M8 Link
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Incomplete access        Tolled       Route transition

See also

•  Australian Roads portal

• Freeways in Australia
• Freeways in Sydney
• Metroad 4

References

1. Google (22 January 2023). "M4 Motorway" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
2. Western Motorway (M4) Ozroads: the Australian Roads Website. Retrieved on 29 August 2008.^{[self-published source]}
3. Historic Photos, Ozroads: the Australian Roads Website. Retrieved on 29 August 2008.^{[self-published source]}
4. M4 Photos Today, Ozroads: the Australian Roads Website. Retrieved on 29 August 2008.
5. . WestConnex. Archived from the original on 13 May 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
6. Alpha Numeric Implementation Factsheet, Roads and Maritime Services. Retrieved 28 May 2013
7. "WestConnex". NSW Government. from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
8. "New M4 tunnels to open this weekend". WestConnex. 10 July 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
9. "M4-M5 link to be renamed". NSW Government. 13 September 2022.
10. "WestConnex nears completion with new 7.5km tunnel opening tomorrow under Sydney's inner west". ABC News. 19 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
11. "Map of the new extensions of the M4 and M8" (PDF). WestConnex. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
12. . WestConnex. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
13. "WestConnex M4". WestConnex. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
14. "JOURNAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MAIN ROADS, NEW SOUTH WALES" (PDF). Main Roads. Sydney: OpenGov NSW. 48 (1): 3–6. March 1983.
15. Lucy, Richard (1979). "Wran's our man: The 1978 NSW state election". Politics. 14 (1): 89–96. doi:10.1080/00323267908401697. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
16. Black, John (2006). Bramston, Troy (ed.). Transport. pp. 134–142. ISBN 1862876053. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
17. Jones, Cathy (31 January 2017). "M4 Motorway History". Strathfield Heritage. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
18. "Department of Main Roads Annual Report 1988-89" (PDF). OpenGov NSW. Department of Main Roads. p. 6, 31. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
19. Li, Zheng; Hensher, David (September 2010). "Toll Roads in Australia: An Overview of Characteristics and Accuracy of Demand Forecasts". Transport Reviews. 30 (5): 541–569. doi:10.1080/01441640903211173. S2CID 153484704. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
20. Western Motorway (M4) Construction, Ozroads: the Australian Roads Website. Retrieved on 29 August 2008.^{[self-published source]}
21. Torr, Bradley. . Geocities. Archived from the original on 24 October 2009. Retrieved 29 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)^{[self-published source]}
22. "Knapsack Viaduct, Lapstone". New South Wales Heritage Database. Office of Environment & Heritage. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
23. Benefits, Features and Tools of a Managed Motorway – Roads and Traffic Authority. Retrieved on 24 October 2013.
24. "M4 Motorway Website". Statewide Roads. Retrieved 29 August 2008.
25. Goodsir, Darren (18 June 2004). "Carr's rivals fume in clash over M4 East". The Sydney Morning Herald.
26. "M4 East Environmental Impact Statement - Volume 1A Part 1". WestConnex. September 2015. p. 4-1 to 4-3, 4-12 to 4-13. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
27. "M4 East and Marrickville Tunnel". Marrickville Greens. 4 May 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
28. "Boulevard of dreams comes with a hidden cost". The Sydney Morning Herald. 14 February 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
29. (Press release). NRMA. Archived from the original on 25 February 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
30. "WestConnext Green Light" (Press release). WestConnex: Government of New South Wales. 3 October 2012. Archived from the original on 25 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
31. "Leighton team scoops $2.7bn Sydney motorway". Construction Index. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
32. (PDF). WestConnex. NSW Government and Australian Government. September 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
33. "Toll calculator". Using toll roads. Linkt: Transurban Limited. 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
34. "WestConnex M5 Project Deed Schedules" (PDF). Roads & Maritime Services. Government of New South Wales. 2015.
35. West, Michael (28 February 2018). "WestConnex: when four tollroads become ten". Michael West Media. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
36. Infrastructure New South Wales (2012). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
37. "M4-M5 Link Tunnels". WestConnex. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
38. Roads and Maritime Services, N. S. W. "M4 Smart Motorway project". Roads and Maritime Services. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
39. "Tolling". WestConnex. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
40. "Toll costs by road". NSW Government. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
41. "What is my vehicle class?". Linkt. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
42. "When and how do toll prices increase". Linkt. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
43. "Road tolling in New South Wales" (PDF). New South Wales Parliament. Portfolio Committee No.2 – Health and Community Services. October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
44. "Sydney's M4 Toll to be abolished". Sydney Morning Herald. 14 February 2010.

External links

• Timelapse footage of the whole M4 Motorway on YouTube

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to M4 Western Motorway.

• O'Sullivan, Matt; Saulwick, Jacob (2016). "Sydney 2026: Chapter 1: The future of Sydney roads and rail: The Commute". The Sydney Morning Herald.