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Bathurst, New South Wales

Bathurst (/ˈbæθɜːrst/) is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. Bathurst is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) west-northwest of Sydney and is the seat of the Bathurst Regional Council. Bathurst is the oldest inland settlement in Australia[2] and had a population of 37,191[1] in June 2019.

Bathurst
New South Wales
William Street
Bathurst
Coordinates33°25′12″S 149°34′40″E / 33.42000°S 149.57778°E / -33.42000; 149.57778
Population37,191 (2019)[1]
Established1814
Postcode(s)2795
Elevation650 m (2,133 ft)
Location
LGA(s)Bathurst Regional Council
RegionCentral West
State electorate(s)Bathurst
Federal division(s)Calare
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
20.8 °C
69 °F
6.7 °C
44 °F
647.8 mm
25.5 in

Bathurst is often referred to as the Gold Country as it was the site of the first gold discovery and where the first gold rush occurred in Australia. Today education, tourism and manufacturing drive the economy. The internationally known racetrack Mount Panorama is a landmark of the city. Bathurst has a historic city centre with many ornate buildings remaining from the New South Wales gold rush in the mid to late 19th century.

The median age of the city's population is 35 years; which is particularly young for a regional centre (the state median is 38), and is related to the large education sector in the community.[1][3] The city has had a moderate population growth of 1.29% year-on-year averaged over the five years until 2019, making Bathurst the tenth fastest-growing urban area in New South Wales outside Sydney.[1] This growth over recent years has resulted in increased urban development, including retail precincts, sporting facilities, housing estates and expanding industrial areas.

Geography edit

 
Bathurst and its surrounds from Mount Panorama

Bathurst is located on the western edge of the Great Dividing Range in the Macquarie River plain; also known as the Bathurst plains.[4]

The Macquarie River, which is part of the Murray-Darling basin, the largest river system in Australia, runs through the centre of the city. A number of levee banks have been erected in Bathurst to protect the region from occasional flood events.[5]

Mount Panorama is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the CBD and effectively within the city limits; it is 877 metres (2,877 ft) AMSL and rises 215 metres (705 ft) above the Bathurst CBD.

The Great Western Highway, which begins in the centre of the city of Sydney, ends at Bathurst. Two main state highways start at Bathurst: the Mitchell Highway to Bourke and the Mid-Western Highway to Hay. Bathurst is about mid-way along a regional road route from Canberra and Goulburn to Mudgee and the Hunter Region. Bathurst is also on the Main Western railway line that starts at Sydney Central and proceeds for 242 kilometres (150 mi) by rail to Bathurst.

The Macquarie River divides Bathurst with the CBD located on the western side of the river. Four road bridges and two rail bridges span the river within the city area. From the upstream side they are: Macquarie River Railway Bridge (built in 1876[6]) closed in 2011 (replaced with a new concrete single track rail bridge structure alongside and brought into use in 2011); the four lane Evans Bridge which opened in 1995; the Denison Bridge opened in 1870 (closed to road traffic and now a pedestrian bridge); the Gordon Edgell Bridge, a low−level bridge located on George Street; and Rankens Bridge at Eglinton.

Landform edit

Two physical components comprise the Bathurst region; the Bathurst Basin and the Tablelands areas. They are drained by the Macquarie, Turon, Fish and Campbells Rivers to the north and Abercrombie and Isabella Rivers to the south. The central basin area of the Bathurst area is mainly granite soils while in the north area sandstone, conglomerates, greywacke, siltstones, limestones and minor volcanos predominate. The south is more complex geology with siltstones, sandstones, greywacke, shales and chert, basalt and granite intrusions and embedded volcanic and limestones. Underlying Bathurst is the dominant feature of Bathurst granite (intruded in the Devonian period) and at Mount Panorama and Mount Stewart basalt occurs.[3]

Topography of the region ranges from slightly undulating to rough and very steep country, about 30 km to the east of Bathurst is the folded and faulted sedimentary and metamorphosed formations of the Great Dividing Range which runs roughly north–south.[7]

Central Business District and suburbs edit

 
William Street; one of the main streets of Bathurst

Bathurst's central business district (CBD) is located on William, George, Howick, Russell, and Durham Streets. The CBD is about 25 hectares (62 acres) in area and covers two city blocks. Banking, government services, shopping centres, retail shops, a park (shown) and monuments are in this area.

Bathurst has retained a mix of main street shopping along with enclosed shopping centres within the CBD, unlike other towns where the CBD focus has split between main street and new shopping centre developments located in the suburbs. Within the CBD lies Kings Parade; this is a park setting with several memorials of people and events in history. It is a popular location for locals to meet. Keppel Street is Bathurst's second commercial shopping area, removed from the CBD by two blocks to the south. This area developed once the railway arrived in 1876.[citation needed]

The main suburbs of Bathurst are: Kelso, Eglinton, West Bathurst, Llanarth, South Bathurst, Gormans Hill, Windradyne, Windradyne Heights and Abercrombie Estate. One of the newer suburbs is Marsden Estate, in Kelso.[8]

Climate edit

 
Autumn foliage in central Bathurst during May

Due to its elevation, Bathurst has an oceanic climate (Cfb), according to Köppen climate classification. Bathurst is in Australia's cool temperate climate zone which is defined as having mild to warm summers and cool to cold winters.[9][10] Regular summer thunderstorms are common, resulting from the flat plains country to the west, leading into the mountainous nature of the country around Bathurst and assisting the development of storm cells. These storms rarely strike the city and instead often move either in a south east or north east direction away from Bathurst[11] Bathurst gets 106.9 clear days annually.[12]

In winter, light to moderate snowfalls occur each year on the high country around Bathurst, whilst snow is relatively rare in the city itself due to its low elevation at a northern latitude. On 5 July 1900, Bathurst received a freak snowfall measuring at 68 centimetres (27 in) in the main street.[13] Bathurst is relatively dry year round, as it lay in a rain shadow on account of its sheltered valley location flanked by hills and ranges on all sides.[14]

On 11 February 2017, Bathurst Ag recorded a new record high temperature of 41.5 °C (106.7 °F),[15] although temperatures of 40 °C (104 °F) are exceedingly rare for Bathurst. There is a reading of 44.7 °C (112.5 °F) on 12 January 1878 at the gaol, however such a reading may have been subject to overexposure. The highest minimum temperatures on record are 28.1 °C (82.6 °F) on 14 January 1939, and 27.8 °C (82.0 °F) on 20 November 1904. The lowest recorded temperature was −10.6 °C (12.9 °F) on 31 July 1873; and the lowest maximum temperature was an extraordinary −0.8 °C (30.6 °F) on 18 June 1877, which is the only known daily maximum below 0 °C (32 °F) to have occurred in a major Australian city.

Climate data for Bathurst Agricultural Station (1991–2020, extremes 1908–2023); 713 m AMSL; 33.43° S, 149.56° E
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 41.0
(105.8)
41.5
(106.7)
36.7
(98.1)
32.0
(89.6)
25.0
(77.0)
21.4
(70.5)
20.5
(68.9)
23.5
(74.3)
31.2
(88.2)
34.3
(93.7)
39.7
(103.5)
40.3
(104.5)
41.5
(106.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.5
(85.1)
28.0
(82.4)
25.1
(77.2)
21.3
(70.3)
16.7
(62.1)
13.2
(55.8)
12.3
(54.1)
13.9
(57.0)
17.3
(63.1)
21.0
(69.8)
24.2
(75.6)
27.1
(80.8)
20.8
(69.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 14.0
(57.2)
13.5
(56.3)
10.5
(50.9)
6.3
(43.3)
2.9
(37.2)
1.7
(35.1)
0.6
(33.1)
0.8
(33.4)
3.1
(37.6)
5.9
(42.6)
9.2
(48.6)
11.6
(52.9)
6.7
(44.0)
Record low °C (°F) 1.8
(35.2)
2.8
(37.0)
−2.2
(28.0)
−5.0
(23.0)
−6.7
(19.9)
−9.2
(15.4)
−8.9
(16.0)
−7.5
(18.5)
−6.0
(21.2)
−3.9
(25.0)
−1.1
(30.0)
0.0
(32.0)
−9.2
(15.4)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 66.7
(2.63)
63.9
(2.52)
56.8
(2.24)
32.9
(1.30)
35.6
(1.40)
43.4
(1.71)
47.2
(1.86)
46.3
(1.82)
51.5
(2.03)
57.2
(2.25)
70.7
(2.78)
75.5
(2.97)
647.8
(25.50)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2mm) 8.1 7.5 7.0 5.3 7.7 10.8 11.4 10.2 9.3 9.1 9.8 8.8 105.0
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 41 46 45 47 55 64 61 53 50 46 48 40 50
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[12]
Climate data for Bathurst Gaol (1858–1983); 704 m AMSL; 33.42° S, 149.55° E
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 44.7
(112.5)
41.1
(106.0)
37.7
(99.9)
33.3
(91.9)
26.7
(80.1)
21.7
(71.1)
21.1
(70.0)
25.0
(77.0)
30.0
(86.0)
35.6
(96.1)
39.7
(103.5)
41.8
(107.2)
44.7
(112.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.3
(84.7)
28.5
(83.3)
26.0
(78.8)
21.3
(70.3)
16.6
(61.9)
12.9
(55.2)
12.0
(53.6)
14.0
(57.2)
17.5
(63.5)
21.5
(70.7)
25.0
(77.0)
27.9
(82.2)
21.0
(69.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.2
(55.8)
12.9
(55.2)
10.5
(50.9)
6.1
(43.0)
2.7
(36.9)
1.2
(34.2)
0.1
(32.2)
0.8
(33.4)
3.0
(37.4)
5.8
(42.4)
8.7
(47.7)
11.2
(52.2)
6.4
(43.4)
Record low °C (°F) −2.2
(28.0)
1.7
(35.1)
−2.8
(27.0)
−5.6
(21.9)
−7.2
(19.0)
−9.2
(15.4)
−10.6
(12.9)
−7.5
(18.5)
−6.1
(21.0)
−3.9
(25.0)
−6.4
(20.5)
−1.7
(28.9)
−10.6
(12.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 66.1
(2.60)
58.1
(2.29)
51.5
(2.03)
42.6
(1.68)
44.2
(1.74)
46.8
(1.84)
44.8
(1.76)
45.7
(1.80)
46.1
(1.81)
59.2
(2.33)
56.8
(2.24)
60.1
(2.37)
622.0
(24.49)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2mm) 6.5 5.9 5.9 5.8 7.1 8.7 8.8 8.7 8.2 8.2 7.0 6.7 87.5
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 43 46 48 53 58 64 63 57 52 49 45 43 52
Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology; Bathurst Gaol

History edit

Wiradjuri edit

The area around what is now called Bathurst was originally occupied by the Muurrai clan of the Wiradjuri people. It was known as dalman or place of plenty. Yam fields were cultivated on the fertile floodplain and fire-stick farming was utilised to maintain grassy pasture for wild game. The Wiradjuri were noted by early colonists for their neat mandiyaba or possum-skin cloaks which were decorated with artistic etchings known as burwurr.[16] British colonial settlement into this area began in 1815 and was expanded in 1818 when Governor Lachlan Macquarie removed restrictions that limited colonial settlements. Once these restrictions were removed the Wiradjuri people suffered major dislocation, death and disruption to their way of life.[17]

Early British colonisation (1815–1850) edit

 
George Evans monument

The government surveyor, George Evans, was the first European to sight the Bathurst Plains in 1813, following the first successful British crossing of the Blue Mountains in the same year. In 1814, Governor Lachlan Macquarie approved an offer by William Cox to build a road crossing the Blue Mountains, from Emu Plains to the Bathurst Plains. This road was 3.7 metres (12 ft) wide and 163.3 kilometres (101+12 mi) long, built between 18 July 1814 and 14 January 1815 using 5 freemen, 30 convict labourers and 8 soldiers as guards. Twenty convicts and soldiers remained stationed at terminus of the road at the Bathurst Plains. These were the first non-Indigenous residents of what was to become Bathurst but was simply referred to until May 7 of that year as the Grand Depot. Governor Macquarie surveyed the finished road in April 1815, travelling along it to the Grand Depot with his wife and an entourage of 50 officials, soldiers and servants.[18][16]

 
John Lewin, The Plains, Bathurst, watercolour drawing, ca. 1815, State Library of New South Wales

On 7 May 1815, Governor Macquarie raised the British flag at the Grand Depot, ordered a ceremonial volley to be fired and named the military outpost as Bathurst after the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst.[19] Bathurst thereby became the oldest inland British settlement in Australia. William Cox, who was appointed the first Commandant of Bathurst, and William Lawson were promised large grants of land in the area and soon sent herds of their livestock to the region.

The Bathurst region was opened up to wider British settlement in 1818 when Macquarie granted ten men 20 hectares (50 acres) of land each. These men were William Lee, Richard Mills, Thomas Kite, Thomas Swanbrooke, George Cheshire, John Abbott, John and James Blackman, John Neville and John Godden. These grants were located at what is now White Rock and Kelso. In 1818, Governor Macquarie stated in his diary:

This morning I inspected 10 new settlers for Bathurst. I have agreed to grant each 50 acres of land, a servant, a cow, four bushels [141 litres] of wheat, an allotment in the new town, and to receive into the King's Store at Bathurst all the Wheat they can grow for the first 12 months.[20]

 
Bathurst, painted by Joseph Backler c.1847–1857

In the early years of settlement, Bathurst was a base for many of the early explorers of the NSW inland, including George Evans in 1815, John Oxley in 1817–1818, Allan Cunningham in 1823, and Thomas Mitchell during the 1830s.[21][22]

In 1819, frontier conflicts between local Wiradjuri groups and encroaching settlers began when Aboriginal people were shot and others mauled by the colonists' dogs. When Governor Brisbane opened the Bathurst area to wider colonisation from 1822, the subsequent large influx of graziers led to a more intense conflict over land and resources known as the Bathurst War.[16] The Wiradjuri, led by leaders such as Windradyne, continued to resist settler encroachment until martial law was declared in August 1824, after which settlers conducted several raids against Wiradjuri settlements; colonists such as Theophilus Chamberlain, the superintendent for William Cox, perpetrated several massacres. In response, Major James Thomas Morisset was appointed commandant of Bathurst to restore order, conducting several sweeps across the landscape. Martial law ended in December 1824 as the remaining Wiradjuri were forced to make peace with the colonial authorities.[23][16][24][25]

Gold rush era (1851–1860s) edit

 
Painting of Edward Hammond Hargraves, who is credited with the first discovery of payable gold near Bathurst in 1851

Flecks of gold were first discovered in the Fish River in February 1823, but it was 12 February 1851 in a Bathurst Hotel when Edward Hargraves announced the discovery of payable gold. Soon, gold was found at Ophir (later Sofala) and Hill End in the 1850s.

Hill End, called 'Bald Hills' in 1850, 'Forbes' in 1860 and finally Hill End in 1862 was part of the Tambaroora district. At its peak had a population of 7 000 people. Hill End's fame is the finding of the 'Holtermann Specimen (Correctly the Beyers Holtermann Specimen)' on 20 October 1871 being the largest single mass of gold ever discovered in the world, a record that still stands today. Found in 1872 this single mass of quartz and gold weighed 630 lbs and when crushed produced and est. of 3000 troy oz (205 lbs or 93 kg) of gold, thus processed held more gold than the processed gold from largest nugget ever found, that being the Welcome Stranger from the Victorian Goldfields. Holtermann recognizing the significance of the find attempted to preserve it by buying it from the Company of which he was one of a number of directors. His efforts were in vain. It is reported that a larger mass was discovered a few days later in the same mine but was broken up underground. Absolutely reliant on Gold, the towns decline was dramatic once the Gold ran out before the 1900s. Photo: Hotlermann with the Beyers-Holterman Specimen[26]

In the 1860s, the town of Bathurst began to boom. Bathurst was to become the first gold centre of Australia. The nearby gold localities would transport their gold to Bathurst[21] then to Sydney. The mail and gold transport coaches became an obvious target for bushrangers, which became a major problem for the authorities. The Ribbon Gang and the Bathurst Rebellion occurred in 1830, when a large group of over 80 convicts roamed the Bathurst district. They were eventually captured and charged with murder, bushranging and horse-thieving. On 2 November 1830, ten members of the Ribbon Boys were hanged in Bathurst for their crimes. The site of the first and largest public hanging in Bathurst is still marked by the laneway sign Ribbon Gang Lane in the CBD.[27] Ben Hall, who became a notorious bushranger, was married in St Michael's Church at Bathurst in 1856. In October 1863, a gang of five (including Hall) raided Bathurst, robbing a jeweller's shop, bailed up the Sportsmans Arms Hotel and tried to steal a racehorse. They returned three days later and held up more businesses. John Peisley, another bushranger, was tried and hanged for murder at Bathurst Gaol in 1862.[28]

 
Abercrombie House; grand estates and residences were built by early settlers in Bathurst, especially during the height of the Gold Rushes

Bathurst's economy was transformed by the discovery of gold in 1851. One illustration of the prosperity gold brought to Bathurst is the growth and status of hotels and inns. The first licensed inn within the township was opened in 1835, the Highland Laddie. At the peak of hotel activity in 1875, coinciding with the gold rush period, there were 61 operating concurrently. A total of 89 hotel locations have been identified in the town of Bathurst, with 112 operating in the immediate district during the course of the history in Bathurst. Initially many pubs were simply a cottage with stables. As prosperity increased during the gold rush, the Hotels became typical of architecture of pubs known today.[29]

Development to Federation (1860s–1910) edit

 
William Street in 1870

The Cobb & Co business was a horse drawn coaching transport business originally established in Victoria but relocated to Bathurst in 1862 to follow the gold rush. The business provided gold escorts, mail services and passenger services to the towns and rural settlements.[30] Cobb & Co. coaches were constructed in the coaching workshops located in Bathurst and the Bathurst Information Centre contains a restored Cobb & Co. coach.[31][32]

 
Bathurst District Hospital

Bathurst later became the centre of an important coal-mining and manufacturing region. The Main Western railway line from Sydney reached Bathurst in 1876. From that time, the town became an important railway centre with workshops, crew base with locomotive depot and track and signal engineering offices. It remains today as the railway regional engineering headquarters with a large rail component manufacturing facility.

The heritage listed Bathurst Courthouse, a predominant landmark of the city centre, was constructed in 1880 based on designs by the New South Wales Colonial and Government architects, James Barnet and Walter Liberty Vernon.[33][34]

In 1885, Bathurst had a population of about 8,000 and an additional 20,000 people in the district. The town in 1885 was a hub for stores such as E.G. Webb & Co. with supplies and distribution occurring throughout large parts of western NSW and into Queensland and South Australia.[21]

Early 20th century edit

 
Rotunda at Machattie Park

This period is characterised by periods of slow to moderate population growth, with industrial and education industries developing and technology and services delivered to the town. Several major infrastructure developments arrive such as distributed town gas, electricity, town water supplies, and a sewage treatment system. Town gas had arrived in Bathurst courtesy of a private venture in 1872, with the Council providing a competing network from 1888. On 30 June 1914, the Council purchased the Wark Bros gas system and combined the gas networks. The old gasworks plant on Russell Street (now out of use) was built in 1960. In 1987 natural gas arrived via a new 240 km spur pipeline off the Moomba to Sydney pipeline.[35] The early part of the century saw electricity arrive initially for street lighting; the city converted from gas street lighting to electric lighting on 22 December 1924, when 370 electric lights at a cost of £40,000 were switched on.[36] Lighting spread along streets through to 1935, over time to businesses and finally private houses. Sewage treatment was an early infrastructure project funded by the state government and built in 1915.[37]: 59  Water supply started with private wells in backyards. Eventually a waterworks was built to the south of the town on the river with the water pumped through piping laid progressively to the businesses and private dwellings. In 1931, work started on the 1,700 ML Winburndale Dam project to gravity feed water through a wood stave pipe laid to the town. The scheme was opened by the Premier of New South Wales on 7 October 1933. Later, a new larger water supply dam was built on the Campbells River. Originally known as the Campbell River Dam scheme and later renamed the Ben Chifley Dam after the late Prime Minister Ben Chifley of Bathurst. It was opened in November 1956. The Ben Chifley Dam received a major storage upgrade designed to meet the cities needs to 2050; the work was completed in 2001 increasing the capacity by 30% to 30,800 megalitres (6.8×109 imp gal; 8.1×109 US gal).[38]

 
Bathurst district ambulance station

An ambulance service commenced on 6 June 1925 with a new Hudson ambulance. A new ambulance station was opened 2 March 1929 and is still used by the NSW Ambulance Service. Motor cars were becoming common in the early 20th century and the need for road service patrols commenced in 1927, provided by the NRMA using a motorcycle/sidecar response vehicle. The early electronic media age arrived with the opening of commercial radio station 2BS on 1 January 1937. Bathurst Aerodrome was opened in 1942, initially to benefit the war effort providing parking for aircraft overflowing from Richmond air force base.[39] The first commercial airline service departed for Sydney on 16 December 1946.[40]

A famous Australian brand name of frozen foods began in Bathurst. Robert Gordon Edgell arrived in Bathurst in 1902.[citation needed] By 1906, he was growing pears, apples and asparagus and experimenting with canning and preserving fruit and vegetables, eventually opening a small cannery in 1926.[citation needed] In 1930, he formed the company Gordon Edgell & Sons which became, and still is, a famous Australian food brand, now owned by Simplot.

Many attempts were made to start a university college, the earliest attempts were 1912 through to 1947 when real progress was made with plans for a state teachers college. The first intake of teacher students came at the beginning of 1951 with the official opening on 9 November 1951. The college has transformed over time into the Mitchell College of Advanced Education on 1 January 1970. The college grew and ultimately became the Charles Sturt University on 19 July 1989.[41]

Bathurst was one of the locations to campaign to be the site of the new federal capital. In an essay prepared by a journalist with the Bathurst Times, Price Warung,[42] in 1901 to promote Bathurst's candidacy, he responds to the federal committees key requirements for the capital to have: "centrality and accessibility of situation, salubrity, and capacity for impregnable defence".[43] The proposed site for the capital city would have been slightly north-west of Bathurst, straddling the Macquarie River, at the locality known as Elrington.[44]

World War II and Bathurst Migrant Camp edit

 
Post-war migrants at the Bathurst Migrant Centre, 1949

An Australian Army camp was established at Bathurst in early 1940, intended for the Second Australian Imperial Force's 1st Armoured Division; however, it was later converted to an infantry training centre due to the unsuitability of the closely settled area to armoured training. Following World War II, the camp was converted to a migrant reception and training centre, with the first group of migrants arriving in 1948. At times the centre had up to 10,000 residents at one time,[21] taking in a total of around 100,000 migrants before its closure in 1952, when Villawood Migrant Centre was opened. Officially Bathurst Migrant Reception and Training Centre, it was usually referred to as Bathurst Migrant Camp.[45]

Population growth edit

Bathurst's population has had rapid growth periods throughout its history; during the mid to late 19th century gold rush period, then post World War 2 when migrants from the war ravaged countries were settled in the area and returning soldiers were offered farming land, and at the start of this century has been another fast growth period corresponding in part to Sydney's congestion.[citation needed] Other periods have seen a slightly declining population, including the decade around the 1900s and during the 1960s. The following chart illustrates the growth from 1856 to recent times.[46]

 
Bathurst population growth 1856 to 2005

Heritage listings edit

 
Woolstone House
 
The former Masonic Hall

Bathurst has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Landmarks edit

Bathurst's place in Australia's history is evidenced by the large number of landmark monuments, buildings, and parks.

 
Kings Parade, Carillon Memorial and Evans Memorial

In the centre of the city is a square known as Kings Parade. Originally a market area from 1849 to 1906[citation needed], it was redesignated as a public recreation ground and site for a soldiers memorial. Kings Parade now contains three memorials, an open space park and gardens.

The Bathurst War Memorial Carillon is a 30.5 metres (100 ft) tall tower structure located in the centre of Kings Parade. The Parade is located in the centre of Bathurst's CBD. The Carillon is a memorial to the soldiers who died in the two World Wars. The bell tower contains 49 bronze bells cast by John Taylor & Co in 1928 that are rung daily at lunchtime, and an eternal flame on the platform level of the structure. The Carillon was officially completed on Armistice Day, 11 November 1933[71] at a cost of £8,000.[72] It was upgraded in 2020 to World Carillon Federation [nl] standards, making it only the third such carillon in Australia. The Evans memorial stands at the northern end of Kings Parade. Completed in 1920, the memorial commemorates the discovery of the Bathurst Plains in 1813 by George Evans, Assistant Surveyor of Lands. The Boer War memorial stands at the southern end of Kings Parade. This memorial was unveiled in 1910 by Lord Kitchener.[citation needed]

Demographics edit

 
St Barnabas Anglican Church

In 2021, there were 37,396 people in Bathurst.[1]

  • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 7.7% of the population.
  • Males make up 49.7% of the Bathurst population.[73]
  • 84.6% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 1.8%, New Zealand 1.0%, India 0.9%, the Philippines 0.7% and Nepal 0.5%.
  • 87.4% of people only spoke English at home.
  • 9.2% of the population have been divorced.[74]
  • The most common responses for religion were No Religion 32.6%, Catholic 28.7% and Anglican 15.2%.[74]

Governance edit

 
Bathurst Courthouse

Local edit

Local government was trialled in the new Colony with a 'Bathurst and Carcoar District Council' established on 12 August 1843,[37]: 66  Bathurst was proclaimed a town in 1852 and incorporated as a borough in 1862, next a municipality in 1883,[3] then gazetted a city in on 20 March 1885.[21] the same day as Sydney was declared a city.[3] Bathurst Regional Council was formed on 26 May 2004 following the amalgamation of the Bathurst City Council, most of Evans Shire and a small amount of land formerly included in Oberon Shire.[75]

State edit

The Electoral district of Bathurst is the state seat in the NSW Parliament. This seat covers the major centres of Bathurst and Lithgow, and all or part of Bathurst, Blayney, Cabonne, Lithgow, Mid-Western and Oberon local government areas.

Since 1859, Bathurst has existed as an electoral district in the NSW Parliament. Prior to 1856, Bathurst was a part of the Electoral district of Western Boroughs. Before the 1920s, Bathurst was a single member constituency, in the 1920s it became a multimember district with proportional representation. During the middle part of the 20th century the seat was marginal between Labor and Country Parties, from 1981 when the strong Labor town of Lithgow moved from Blue Mountains to Bathurst, the seat was dominated by Labor, except for 1988 when it was won by the Liberal Party for one 3-year term,[76] and the 2011 election when Paul Toole of the National Party won the seat.[77]

Federal edit

Bathurst is currently within the federal electoral district of Calare which includes a large part of western NSW from Lithgow in the east to Tullamore in the west. Prior to the 2010 election, Bathurst was within the Macquarie federal electoral district which was more easterly based including the Blue Mountains area with Bathurst as the western boundary of the district.[78]

Economy edit

 
Retail lining Howick Street

Bathurst's economy is broad based with a manufacturing industry, large education sector (including agricultural) and government service sectors. In 2015, the Gross Regional Product was $1.96 billion representing 0.4% of the Gross State Product of New South Wales.[79]

To capitalise on Bathurst's growth, education facilities and youthful population, in 2011 the Regional Council announced it was progressing plans for a new Australian Centre for Science, Technology and Emerging Industries (ACSTEI), also known as the Technology Park, to be established adjacent to the Charles Sturt University Campus with the centre featuring next generation emerging industries.[80]

Manufacturing and food edit

Private sector employers with large workforces in Bathurst (according to statistics published in 2009) include Devro, an international company that produces food casing products and Mars Petcare manufacturing plant are the single largest private employers of labour. Companies such as Telstra's call centre, Simplot Australia's (more recognisable as brands such as Edgells, BirdsEye, Chiko Roll, and I&J Seafood products) food processing and canning plant and Burkes Transport a local trucking and distribution company.[3] In 1982, Clyde Engineering opened a railway component facility in Kelso, initially producing electrical equipment under licence from Hitachi.[81][82] In 1982 it began manufacturing locomotives.[83] It closed in 2013.[84]

Public sector edit

Government sector employers with large local workforces include Country Energy with their District Field Office and Corporate Office, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst Regional Council, the NSW Land Registry Services that provide mapping and survey data across NSW, the Western NSW Local Health District – Regional Office, Bathurst Correctional Centre, NSW Department of Education – Regional Office, New South Wales Police Force – Chifley Local Area Command, and NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service – Regional Office.[3] In April 1982, the State Rail Authority opened a locomotive and wagon overhaul facility in Bathurst.[85][86]

Agriculture edit

The Bathurst region's climate of cool winter weather lends itself to stone fruit production and cool variety grapes suitable for wine production.[citation needed]

Bathurst is the location for the Bathurst Primary Industries Centre, a government facility that has been operating since 1895 and originally known as The Experimental Farm. Originally established to study most facets of agriculture in the early growth years of the western inland, work included dairy, pigs, vegetable, cereal plantings, and fruit trees. The site is still one of the most important stone fruit research units in Australia.[87]

Sheep and wool production are the main primary sector industries in the surrounding area with beef cattle a secondary production. Wool has been a significant part of the Bathurst rural scene since the 1850s when the industry was growing rapidly. Lambs for meat production are a common product of the region's farms. Beef cattle breeds are predominantly British, British cross and European cross; the Bos indicus types are present but not common.[88]

Forestry edit

Bathurst is the site of a major timber processing facility, which uses timber harvested from the surrounding forests. There are large plantations of softwood timber (pinus radiata) that are harvested for timber products; the main product being sawlogs, and some pulp. Bathurst is the headquarters for the Macquarie Region of Forestry Corporation of NSW (a NSW State Owned Corporation).[89]

Motorsport edit

 
The Bathurst 1000

In the 21st century, Bathurst is known for motorsport, being the site of the Mount Panorama motor racing circuit. It hosts the Bathurst 12 Hour motor race each February, the Bathurst Motor Festival every Easter, and the Bathurst 1000 motor race each October. During these times, the population swells with tourists. The circuit is a public road when not being used for racing and is a popular tourist attraction for visitors to the city. Bathurst has a long history of racing, beginning with motorcycle racing from 1911.[90] From 1931 to 1938, motorcycle racing was conducted at the Old Vale Circuit[91] before moving to the newly created Mount Panorama Circuit in 1938. On 16 April 1938, Mount Panorama attracted 20,000 spectators to its first race, The Australian Tourist Trophy and in 2006 the crowd figure reached 194,000 for the 3-day Bathurst 1000 event.[92]

A group known as 'Mount Panorama Second Circuit Action Group' is promoting and lobbying to incorporate additional track and facilities into the existing circuit to capture additional events and increase the use of the facility.[93]

Beside the circuit is the National Motor Racing Museum. This museum was built to encourage visitors to the circuit all year round and includes motor cycles and cars, representing the racing history of Bathurst. Peter Brock, the race car driver, was synonymous with Mount Panorama racing and a memorial sculpture dedicated to him, is located in the museum grounds.

Sport edit

Sports in general are well supported by the Bathurst community. The Bathurst Regional Council and NSW State Government have contributed significant funds over the past decade[which?] to build new facilities, such as a new heated Aquatic Centre, an Indoor Sports Stadium, Hockey Complex and major upgrade of the track, new pit complex and spectator facilities at the Mount Panorama circuit. The Hockey Complex is an advanced facility which includes water and sand based fields as well as numerous grass fields.

The city provides dedicated sports facilities for motor racing, Rugby League (part of Group 10), Rugby Union, Australian Rules, Athletics, Cricket, Netball, Tennis, Football and Touch Football. There are over 70 different sporting groups and organisations in the region from the Academy of Dance, croquet, aero, pony clubs, through to the football, rugby, cricket and cycling. Cycling is increasingly considered a speciality sport of the Bathurst Region with ideal road and community facilities around the city. The Bathurst Cycling Club is one of the oldest sports clubs in Australia founded in 1884.[94]

Sports grounds around Bathurst:[95]

  • Alan Morse Park – cricket and athletics
  • Anne Ashwood Park – rugby union (Bathurst Bulldogs Rugby Union Club)
  • Bathurst Sportsground – turf cricket pitch, rugby league / rugby union field, velodrome, and turf 'track and field' facilities – home of Bathurst Panthers Rugby League Club & others
  • Bathurst Indoor Sports Stadium – basketball, volleyball, netball, soccer and badminton courts
  • Brooke Moore Oval – 3 synthetic cricket nets, and 1 turf cricket pitch
  • Carrington Park – rugby league, and rugby union
  • Cooke Hockey Complex – 9 grass hockey fields, 3 synthetic hockey fields
  • Cubis Park Facilities – 2 synthetic cricket pitches, and 2 full size rugby league / soccer fields
  • Eglinton Oval
  • George Park – Australian Rules, and cricket
  • John Matthews Complex – 14 all weather netball courts, and tennis
  • Kennerson Park, Upfold Street - Bathurst greyhound racing, opened 30 November 1935.[96][97]
  • Learmonth Park – 4 synthetic cricket pitches, and 9 touch football fields (turf)
  • Marsden Estate – table tennis tournament[98]
  • Proctor Park – 12 turf soccer fields
  • Police Paddock – 2 synthetic cricket pitches, and 4 full sized turf soccer fields
  • Ralph Cameron Oval, Raglan – 2 tennis courts, 3 cricket nets, 2 synthetic cricket wickets
  • Walmer Park
  • Paddy's Hotel Sports Fields – turf cricket pitch, turf cricket nets and synthetic cricket nets

Gliding is a popular activity and there is a large gliding community in Bathurst. Gliding takes place at Pipers Airfield which is about 5 kilometres to the north of the city.[99] Gliding also occurs most school holidays at the Bathurst Regional Airport where Australian Air Force Cadets (AAFC) from No.301 Air Training Flight learn to fly.[100]

Bathurst, with its young demographic, has established modern sporting competitions such as the Newtons Nation event. At this event, held at Mount Panorama, young people can participate in modern sports such as BMX Dirt Bikes, Mountain Bikes, Wakeboarding, Parkour, Flatland BMX, Krumping, Skateboarding, and Luge.[101]

Culture edit

 
Cathedral of St Michael and St John, built in 1861

Bathurst is a cathedral city, being the seat for the Anglican and Roman Catholic bishops of Bathurst. The city is dotted with many churches and other religious buildings such as schools and halls. The cathedrals are All Saints' (Anglican), and St Michael and St John's (Catholic); then there are many churches and places of worship, including St Stephens Presbyterian Church & Hall, Assumption Church (Catholic), St Barnabas' South Bathurst (Anglican) that was partially fire-destroyed in 2014[102] and others.

Bathurst was also the home of wartime Labor Prime Minister Ben Chifley, who represented the area in the Federal Parliament and is buried in Bathurst. Each year, the Labor party celebrates his legacy with a function known as the Light on the Hill speech by a senior Labor figure.[103] Bathurst has a collection of house museums representing different periods of its history from first settlement to the 1970s. The house museums include Old Government Cottage built 1837–1860,[104] Abercrombie House a 40-room historic mansion built c. 1870s, Miss Traill's House built in 1845, and Chifley Home which retains the simple furnishings that demonstrated the lifestyle and image of Chifley as a 'plain man'.

 
The Australian Fossil and Mineral Museum

Bathurst is home to several museums including the Bathurst Historical Society Museum located in the left wing of the historic courthouse. This museum includes in its collection a range of Aboriginal artefacts and large collections of documents relating to Bathurst's early history and collection of local items from Australia's early settlement.[105] Central Bathurst is host to the Australian Fossil and Mineral Museum, which houses the Somerville Collection of fossils and minerals, and features Australia's only complete Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton. The Somerville Collection also consists of one of the largest collections of tourmaline in the Southern Hemisphere. The Fossil and Mineral Museum is located in the historic school building in the CBD.

Organisations that support the various arts are well catered for in Bathurst they include the Mitchell Conservatorium which was the NSW's first regional, community-based, pre-tertiary and non-profit music centre, it was established in May 1978. The Conservatorium provides musical education and performance opportunities to children and adults.[106] The Bathurst Regional Art Gallery focuses on Australian art from 1955 and has a strong representation of local landscapes and particularly local villages and towns. The collection includes several Lloyd Rees paintings. The design of the gallery allows regular exhibitions with an average of 25 exhibitions per year.[107] The gallery is owned by the Bathurst Regional Council and is located in a modern purpose built building incorporating the Regional Library.[108] Another Arts group is the Macquarie Philharmonia, this professional and amateur orchestra annually brings together professional musicians living in western areas of NSW. Known as Australia's Inland Symphony Orchestra, throughout the year the Macquarie Philharmonia invites selected music students from the region's Conservatoriums to perform alongside professionals to audiences throughout the Region.[109] Carillon Theatrical Society is an amateur theatrical society that has been performing musicals for the people of Bathurst since 1959. Recent shows include The Producers and Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat.[110] The NSW Government and Charles Sturt University supports the Arts in the area through Arts OutWest which is the peak arts and cultural body for the Central West area of NSW, operating since 1974. This group promotes and educates arts and cultural development for Bathurst and the region.[111]

The Bathurst Memorial Entertainment Centre (BMEC) is a new purpose built building completed in 1999 that provides a venue for local and visiting performances. BMEC has an annual season of entertainment encompassing all forms of the performing arts from Australia and around the world.[112]

 
The pavilion at the Bathurst Showground

The historic Royal Bathurst Show is an Agricultural Show conducted by the Bathurst Agricultural, Horticultural & Pastoral Association since 1860 and promotes excellence in agriculture, industry and rural competition, encourages learning and provides entertainment. It is one of the largest regional shows in NSW. The show has been operating continuously from the present site since 1878 and attendances now typically reach 25,000 people over a three-day period. In 1994 approval was received from the Queen to use the title Royal Bathurst Show.[113]

The Central Tablelands region is a location with a growing reputation as a producer of gourmet food and drink. A non-profit volunteer based organisation known as Bre&d was established in 2001 to encourage visitors and residents to experience the regions produce. The organisation operates the monthly Bathurst Farmers Markets held at the Bathurst Showground as well as the Bre&d Under the Stars and Bre&d on the Bridge annual events that showcase the regions chefs and local produce. The events are held on the historic Denison Bridge with the Macquarie River passing below.[114]

Attractions edit

 
Bathurst Gaol
  • Yerranderie Regional Park
  • Evans Crown Nature Reserve
  • Abercrombie House
  • National Motor Racing Museum
  • Trunkey Creek
  • Abercrombie Caves
  • Bathurst Regional Art Gallery[115]
  • Gold Panner
  • Bathurst Panthers
  • Annie's Old Fashioned Ice Cream

Education edit

 
St Stanislaus' College

Education is Bathurst's largest industry with 60 education facilities[116] that represent 7.6% of Bathurst's Gross Regional Product. The education range covers all levels including university, TAFE, secondary, primary both public and private. 12.1% of the local population are employed in the education sector; the NSW state average is 7.0%.[117]

Bathurst is the headquarters for Charles Sturt University which has a major campus in Bathurst, complementing campuses in Wagga Wagga, Albury, Dubbo, Orange, Canberra, and Goulburn. It is a major provider of regional tertiary education. The university is renowned for its reputation in journalism.[118]

 
Charles Sturt University

The Western Institute of TAFE has two campuses in Bathurst. The college has 12 Industry Training Divisions including arts and media, building and construction, business services, computing and information services, engineering services, rural and mining services and tourism and hospitality.[119]Western Sydney University has a clinical education facility, housed within Bathurst Hospital, open since June 2010 for its fourth year medical students.[120]

Bathurst has numerous primary schools and high schools, both public and private.[121] These include the Scots All Saint's College, Denison College, MacKillop College, St. Stanislaus College

Transport edit

 
Evans Bridge, crossing the Macquarie River, connecting Kelso and Bathurst.

Roads edit

Bathurst is a regional highway hub. Several roads including the Great Western Highway, Mid-Western Highway, Mitchell Highway, O'Connell Road to Oberon and Bathurst-Ilford Road all start in Bathurst. Other major roads in Bathurst include Durham Street, Eleven Mile Drive, and Bradwardine Road.

Rail edit

 
Bathurst railway station

Bathurst railway station is located ten minutes' walk from the city centre. It is serviced by daily NSW TrainLink trains and buses east to Lithgow then on to Sydney, north west to Dubbo, west to Parkes and south to Cootamundra.[122][123]

Bus edit

Local bus services provided by Bathurst Buslines operate in the surrounding suburbs of Bathurst,[124] with a bus interchange in Howick Street, opposite Armada Bathurst.

Interurban bus services are provided between Bathurst and Lithgow, Bathurst and Orange, and Bathurst and Oberon. Long-distance coaches are operate between Bathurst and Sydney by Australia Wide Coaches.

Air edit

FlyPelican is the only airline providing passenger services at Bathurst Airport; the airline operates 6 return flights from Sydney Airport per week from Sunday to Friday.

Bathurst region development edit

Bathurst's location close to Sydney and on major highways placed it in a desirable position for decentralisation plans by various governments over the years. Several decentralisation plans relating to Bathurst can be identified:

  1. in the late 1940s the Curtin Federal Government encouraged the NSW government to establish regions for regional development purposes. Bathurst and Orange were grouped as the Mitchell Region and established as such in 1945. Later the new Menzies federal government dropped support for the regionalisation scheme however the NSW Government continued, albeit modestly, promoting the regionalisation plan.[125]
  2. on 3 October 1972 the Federal Government and New South Wales Governments agreed on a plan to introduce a decentralisation policy to various regions in NSW. This plan included a pilot growth centre in the Bathurst-Orange area and was known as the Bathurst Orange Development Corporation (BODC). Initially 13 areas were proposed, however only four were established with Bathurst-Orange and Albury-Wodonga the only in rural regional NSW.[125] The project would comprise domestic, commercial and industrial developments and would develop the area economically, raise new capital investment, bring population to the region and create new employment opportunities. A statutory body was established by Act of Parliament to manage the BODC. The Act was effective from 1 July 1974.[126] A key focus for the BODC was the purchase of land and to that end it purchased 209 properties around Bathurst valued at $22 million.[125] A decline in regional trade as a result of changing global trends and the international depression and the oil shock during the mid-70s resulted in a declining interest by developers in new facilities. The BODC progressively received less and less government support and suffered liquidity problems.[127] Several large new employers moved to Bathurst as part of the BODC initiative, including Devro, Uncle Bens (now Mars ), and Omya Minerals.
  3. In 1989, the Greiner government promoted the regional hub strategy that encouraged regional centres that had natural growth potential. Bathurst was one of 12 regional hub locations in NSW that received support funding for development of university expansions, administration, health and general education sectors.[125]
  4. In 2010, a new plan to attract residents and therefore business to regional centres was launched. The marketing name is EVO Cities, a name coming from Energy, Vision and Opportunity (EVO). Seven NSW regional cities including Bathurst have developed the EVO City strategy at a local government level with funding provided by the NSW and Federal governments.[128] The strategy largely relies on advertising in capital city markets to promote residents to relocate to the EVO Cities.

Notable people edit

 
Home of Ben Chifley, now a museum, in Busby Street Bathurst

Media edit

Print edit

The local daily newspaper is the Western Advocate, published in Bathurst for 150 years. The publication has a circulation of 5,800 copies.[137]

Radio stations edit

Bathurst-licensed stations include:

  • 2BS FM 95.1 (commercial) – transmitted from the broadcaster's own tower in the northern suburb of Eglinton
  • B-Rock FM 99.3 (commercial) – transmitted from the broadcaster's own tower in the Ovens Ranges near Yetholme
  • 2MCE-FM 92.3 (community)
  • Life FM 100.1(Christian community) – transmitted from the Bathurst broadcast site Yetholme

National and other stations

Television stations edit

Television in the town area is transmitted from a tower on Mount Panorama 33°27′01″S 149°32′50″E / 33.45028°S 149.54722°E / -33.45028; 149.54722

Of the three main commercial networks:

  • Seven News produces a half-hour local news bulletin for the Central West, airing each weeknight at 6pm. It is produced from local newsrooms in Orange and Dubbo and broadcast from studios in Canberra.
  • WIN Television produces a half-hour local news bulletin for the Central West, airing each weeknight at 5:30pm. It is produced from its local newsroom in Orange and broadcast from studios in Wollongong.
  • Southern Cross 10 produces short news updates of 10 News First throughout the day from its Hobart studios.

Twin city edit

See also edit

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Books edit

  • Bathurst Progress Committee, ed. (1893), Bathurst guide: embracing particulars descriptive of the rise and progress of the city and its public institutions including illustrations of the principal buildings, parks and scenery of the district, John Sands
  • Salisbury, T; Gresser, P J (1971), Windradyne of the Wiradjuri; martial law at Bathurst in 1824, Wentworth Books, ISBN 0-85587-017-6
  • Greaves, Bernard, ed. (1976), The story of Bathurst (3rd ed.), Angus & Robertson, ISBN 0-207-13363-8
  • Barker, Theo (1992), A history of Bathurst: The early settlement to 1862, Crawford House Press, ISBN 1-86333-056-9
  • Raxworthy, Dorothy Sampson (1993), The making of a settlement: Bathurst Kelso NSW, 1813–1833, D.S. Raxworthy, ISBN 0-646-13920-7
  • Barker, Theo (1998), A history of Bathurst: From settlement to city 1862–1914, Crawford House Press in association with Bathurst City Council, ISBN 1-86333-058-5
  • Scaysbrook, Jim (2003), Bikes & Bathurst: a history of racing at Bathurst since 1931, Independent Observations, ISBN 0-9581758-0-2

External links edit

  • Bathurst Regional Council

bathurst, south, wales, bathurst, ɜːr, city, central, tablelands, south, wales, australia, bathurst, about, kilometres, west, northwest, sydney, seat, bathurst, regional, council, bathurst, oldest, inland, settlement, australia, population, june, 2019, bathurs. Bathurst ˈ b ae 8 ɜːr s t is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales Australia Bathurst is about 200 kilometres 120 mi west northwest of Sydney and is the seat of the Bathurst Regional Council Bathurst is the oldest inland settlement in Australia 2 and had a population of 37 191 1 in June 2019 Bathurst New South WalesWilliam StreetBathurstCoordinates33 25 12 S 149 34 40 E 33 42000 S 149 57778 E 33 42000 149 57778Population37 191 2019 1 Established1814Postcode s 2795Elevation650 m 2 133 ft Location203 km 126 mi WNW of Sydney60 km 37 mi W of Lithgow55 km 34 mi ESE of Orange186 km 116 mi N of Goulburn280 km 174 mi N of CanberraLGA s Bathurst Regional CouncilRegionCentral WestState electorate s BathurstFederal division s CalareMean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall20 8 C 69 F 6 7 C 44 F 647 8 mm 25 5 inBathurst is often referred to as the Gold Country as it was the site of the first gold discovery and where the first gold rush occurred in Australia Today education tourism and manufacturing drive the economy The internationally known racetrack Mount Panorama is a landmark of the city Bathurst has a historic city centre with many ornate buildings remaining from the New South Wales gold rush in the mid to late 19th century The median age of the city s population is 35 years which is particularly young for a regional centre the state median is 38 and is related to the large education sector in the community 1 3 The city has had a moderate population growth of 1 29 year on year averaged over the five years until 2019 making Bathurst the tenth fastest growing urban area in New South Wales outside Sydney 1 This growth over recent years has resulted in increased urban development including retail precincts sporting facilities housing estates and expanding industrial areas Contents 1 Geography 1 1 Landform 1 2 Central Business District and suburbs 1 3 Climate 2 History 2 1 Wiradjuri 2 2 Early British colonisation 1815 1850 2 3 Gold rush era 1851 1860s 2 4 Development to Federation 1860s 1910 2 5 Early 20th century 2 6 World War II and Bathurst Migrant Camp 2 7 Population growth 3 Heritage listings 4 Landmarks 5 Demographics 6 Governance 6 1 Local 6 2 State 6 3 Federal 7 Economy 7 1 Manufacturing and food 7 2 Public sector 7 3 Agriculture 7 4 Forestry 8 Motorsport 9 Sport 10 Culture 11 Attractions 12 Education 13 Transport 13 1 Roads 13 2 Rail 13 3 Bus 13 4 Air 14 Bathurst region development 15 Notable people 16 Media 16 1 Print 16 2 Radio stations 16 3 Television stations 17 Twin city 18 See also 19 References 20 Books 21 External linksGeography edit nbsp Bathurst and its surrounds from Mount PanoramaBathurst is located on the western edge of the Great Dividing Range in the Macquarie River plain also known as the Bathurst plains 4 The Macquarie River which is part of the Murray Darling basin the largest river system in Australia runs through the centre of the city A number of levee banks have been erected in Bathurst to protect the region from occasional flood events 5 Mount Panorama is located 3 kilometres 1 9 mi from the CBD and effectively within the city limits it is 877 metres 2 877 ft AMSL and rises 215 metres 705 ft above the Bathurst CBD The Great Western Highway which begins in the centre of the city of Sydney ends at Bathurst Two main state highways start at Bathurst the Mitchell Highway to Bourke and the Mid Western Highway to Hay Bathurst is about mid way along a regional road route from Canberra and Goulburn to Mudgee and the Hunter Region Bathurst is also on the Main Western railway line that starts at Sydney Central and proceeds for 242 kilometres 150 mi by rail to Bathurst The Macquarie River divides Bathurst with the CBD located on the western side of the river Four road bridges and two rail bridges span the river within the city area From the upstream side they are Macquarie River Railway Bridge built in 1876 6 closed in 2011 replaced with a new concrete single track rail bridge structure alongside and brought into use in 2011 the four lane Evans Bridge which opened in 1995 the Denison Bridge opened in 1870 closed to road traffic and now a pedestrian bridge the Gordon Edgell Bridge a low level bridge located on George Street and Rankens Bridge at Eglinton Landform edit Two physical components comprise the Bathurst region the Bathurst Basin and the Tablelands areas They are drained by the Macquarie Turon Fish and Campbells Rivers to the north and Abercrombie and Isabella Rivers to the south The central basin area of the Bathurst area is mainly granite soils while in the north area sandstone conglomerates greywacke siltstones limestones and minor volcanos predominate The south is more complex geology with siltstones sandstones greywacke shales and chert basalt and granite intrusions and embedded volcanic and limestones Underlying Bathurst is the dominant feature of Bathurst granite intruded in the Devonian period and at Mount Panorama and Mount Stewart basalt occurs 3 Topography of the region ranges from slightly undulating to rough and very steep country about 30 km to the east of Bathurst is the folded and faulted sedimentary and metamorphosed formations of the Great Dividing Range which runs roughly north south 7 Central Business District and suburbs edit nbsp William Street one of the main streets of BathurstBathurst s central business district CBD is located on William George Howick Russell and Durham Streets The CBD is about 25 hectares 62 acres in area and covers two city blocks Banking government services shopping centres retail shops a park shown and monuments are in this area Bathurst has retained a mix of main street shopping along with enclosed shopping centres within the CBD unlike other towns where the CBD focus has split between main street and new shopping centre developments located in the suburbs Within the CBD lies Kings Parade this is a park setting with several memorials of people and events in history It is a popular location for locals to meet Keppel Street is Bathurst s second commercial shopping area removed from the CBD by two blocks to the south This area developed once the railway arrived in 1876 citation needed The main suburbs of Bathurst are Kelso Eglinton West Bathurst Llanarth South Bathurst Gormans Hill Windradyne Windradyne Heights and Abercrombie Estate One of the newer suburbs is Marsden Estate in Kelso 8 Climate edit nbsp Autumn foliage in central Bathurst during MayDue to its elevation Bathurst has an oceanic climate Cfb according to Koppen climate classification Bathurst is in Australia s cool temperate climate zone which is defined as having mild to warm summers and cool to cold winters 9 10 Regular summer thunderstorms are common resulting from the flat plains country to the west leading into the mountainous nature of the country around Bathurst and assisting the development of storm cells These storms rarely strike the city and instead often move either in a south east or north east direction away from Bathurst 11 Bathurst gets 106 9 clear days annually 12 In winter light to moderate snowfalls occur each year on the high country around Bathurst whilst snow is relatively rare in the city itself due to its low elevation at a northern latitude On 5 July 1900 Bathurst received a freak snowfall measuring at 68 centimetres 27 in in the main street 13 Bathurst is relatively dry year round as it lay in a rain shadow on account of its sheltered valley location flanked by hills and ranges on all sides 14 On 11 February 2017 Bathurst Ag recorded a new record high temperature of 41 5 C 106 7 F 15 although temperatures of 40 C 104 F are exceedingly rare for Bathurst There is a reading of 44 7 C 112 5 F on 12 January 1878 at the gaol however such a reading may have been subject to overexposure The highest minimum temperatures on record are 28 1 C 82 6 F on 14 January 1939 and 27 8 C 82 0 F on 20 November 1904 The lowest recorded temperature was 10 6 C 12 9 F on 31 July 1873 and the lowest maximum temperature was an extraordinary 0 8 C 30 6 F on 18 June 1877 which is the only known daily maximum below 0 C 32 F to have occurred in a major Australian city Climate data for Bathurst Agricultural Station 1991 2020 extremes 1908 2023 713 m AMSL 33 43 S 149 56 EMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 41 0 105 8 41 5 106 7 36 7 98 1 32 0 89 6 25 0 77 0 21 4 70 5 20 5 68 9 23 5 74 3 31 2 88 2 34 3 93 7 39 7 103 5 40 3 104 5 41 5 106 7 Mean daily maximum C F 29 5 85 1 28 0 82 4 25 1 77 2 21 3 70 3 16 7 62 1 13 2 55 8 12 3 54 1 13 9 57 0 17 3 63 1 21 0 69 8 24 2 75 6 27 1 80 8 20 8 69 4 Mean daily minimum C F 14 0 57 2 13 5 56 3 10 5 50 9 6 3 43 3 2 9 37 2 1 7 35 1 0 6 33 1 0 8 33 4 3 1 37 6 5 9 42 6 9 2 48 6 11 6 52 9 6 7 44 0 Record low C F 1 8 35 2 2 8 37 0 2 2 28 0 5 0 23 0 6 7 19 9 9 2 15 4 8 9 16 0 7 5 18 5 6 0 21 2 3 9 25 0 1 1 30 0 0 0 32 0 9 2 15 4 Average rainfall mm inches 66 7 2 63 63 9 2 52 56 8 2 24 32 9 1 30 35 6 1 40 43 4 1 71 47 2 1 86 46 3 1 82 51 5 2 03 57 2 2 25 70 7 2 78 75 5 2 97 647 8 25 50 Average rainy days 0 2mm 8 1 7 5 7 0 5 3 7 7 10 8 11 4 10 2 9 3 9 1 9 8 8 8 105 0Average afternoon relative humidity 41 46 45 47 55 64 61 53 50 46 48 40 50Source Bureau of Meteorology 12 Climate data for Bathurst Gaol 1858 1983 704 m AMSL 33 42 S 149 55 EMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 44 7 112 5 41 1 106 0 37 7 99 9 33 3 91 9 26 7 80 1 21 7 71 1 21 1 70 0 25 0 77 0 30 0 86 0 35 6 96 1 39 7 103 5 41 8 107 2 44 7 112 5 Mean daily maximum C F 29 3 84 7 28 5 83 3 26 0 78 8 21 3 70 3 16 6 61 9 12 9 55 2 12 0 53 6 14 0 57 2 17 5 63 5 21 5 70 7 25 0 77 0 27 9 82 2 21 0 69 9 Mean daily minimum C F 13 2 55 8 12 9 55 2 10 5 50 9 6 1 43 0 2 7 36 9 1 2 34 2 0 1 32 2 0 8 33 4 3 0 37 4 5 8 42 4 8 7 47 7 11 2 52 2 6 4 43 4 Record low C F 2 2 28 0 1 7 35 1 2 8 27 0 5 6 21 9 7 2 19 0 9 2 15 4 10 6 12 9 7 5 18 5 6 1 21 0 3 9 25 0 6 4 20 5 1 7 28 9 10 6 12 9 Average rainfall mm inches 66 1 2 60 58 1 2 29 51 5 2 03 42 6 1 68 44 2 1 74 46 8 1 84 44 8 1 76 45 7 1 80 46 1 1 81 59 2 2 33 56 8 2 24 60 1 2 37 622 0 24 49 Average rainy days 0 2mm 6 5 5 9 5 9 5 8 7 1 8 7 8 8 8 7 8 2 8 2 7 0 6 7 87 5Average afternoon relative humidity 43 46 48 53 58 64 63 57 52 49 45 43 52Source Australian Bureau of Meteorology Bathurst GaolHistory editWiradjuri edit The area around what is now called Bathurst was originally occupied by the Muurrai clan of the Wiradjuri people It was known as dalman or place of plenty Yam fields were cultivated on the fertile floodplain and fire stick farming was utilised to maintain grassy pasture for wild game The Wiradjuri were noted by early colonists for their neat mandiyaba or possum skin cloaks which were decorated with artistic etchings known as burwurr 16 British colonial settlement into this area began in 1815 and was expanded in 1818 when Governor Lachlan Macquarie removed restrictions that limited colonial settlements Once these restrictions were removed the Wiradjuri people suffered major dislocation death and disruption to their way of life 17 Early British colonisation 1815 1850 edit nbsp George Evans monumentThe government surveyor George Evans was the first European to sight the Bathurst Plains in 1813 following the first successful British crossing of the Blue Mountains in the same year In 1814 Governor Lachlan Macquarie approved an offer by William Cox to build a road crossing the Blue Mountains from Emu Plains to the Bathurst Plains This road was 3 7 metres 12 ft wide and 163 3 kilometres 101 1 2 mi long built between 18 July 1814 and 14 January 1815 using 5 freemen 30 convict labourers and 8 soldiers as guards Twenty convicts and soldiers remained stationed at terminus of the road at the Bathurst Plains These were the first non Indigenous residents of what was to become Bathurst but was simply referred to until May 7 of that year as the Grand Depot Governor Macquarie surveyed the finished road in April 1815 travelling along it to the Grand Depot with his wife and an entourage of 50 officials soldiers and servants 18 16 nbsp John Lewin The Plains Bathurst watercolour drawing ca 1815 State Library of New South WalesOn 7 May 1815 Governor Macquarie raised the British flag at the Grand Depot ordered a ceremonial volley to be fired and named the military outpost as Bathurst after the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies Henry Bathurst 3rd Earl Bathurst 19 Bathurst thereby became the oldest inland British settlement in Australia William Cox who was appointed the first Commandant of Bathurst and William Lawson were promised large grants of land in the area and soon sent herds of their livestock to the region The Bathurst region was opened up to wider British settlement in 1818 when Macquarie granted ten men 20 hectares 50 acres of land each These men were William Lee Richard Mills Thomas Kite Thomas Swanbrooke George Cheshire John Abbott John and James Blackman John Neville and John Godden These grants were located at what is now White Rock and Kelso In 1818 Governor Macquarie stated in his diary This morning I inspected 10 new settlers for Bathurst I have agreed to grant each 50 acres of land a servant a cow four bushels 141 litres of wheat an allotment in the new town and to receive into the King s Store at Bathurst all the Wheat they can grow for the first 12 months 20 nbsp Bathurst painted by Joseph Backler c 1847 1857In the early years of settlement Bathurst was a base for many of the early explorers of the NSW inland including George Evans in 1815 John Oxley in 1817 1818 Allan Cunningham in 1823 and Thomas Mitchell during the 1830s 21 22 In 1819 frontier conflicts between local Wiradjuri groups and encroaching settlers began when Aboriginal people were shot and others mauled by the colonists dogs When Governor Brisbane opened the Bathurst area to wider colonisation from 1822 the subsequent large influx of graziers led to a more intense conflict over land and resources known as the Bathurst War 16 The Wiradjuri led by leaders such as Windradyne continued to resist settler encroachment until martial law was declared in August 1824 after which settlers conducted several raids against Wiradjuri settlements colonists such as Theophilus Chamberlain the superintendent for William Cox perpetrated several massacres In response Major James Thomas Morisset was appointed commandant of Bathurst to restore order conducting several sweeps across the landscape Martial law ended in December 1824 as the remaining Wiradjuri were forced to make peace with the colonial authorities 23 16 24 25 Gold rush era 1851 1860s edit nbsp Painting of Edward Hammond Hargraves who is credited with the first discovery of payable gold near Bathurst in 1851Flecks of gold were first discovered in the Fish River in February 1823 but it was 12 February 1851 in a Bathurst Hotel when Edward Hargraves announced the discovery of payable gold Soon gold was found at Ophir later Sofala and Hill End in the 1850s Hill End called Bald Hills in 1850 Forbes in 1860 and finally Hill End in 1862 was part of the Tambaroora district At its peak had a population of 7 000 people Hill End s fame is the finding of the Holtermann Specimen Correctly the Beyers Holtermann Specimen on 20 October 1871 being the largest single mass of gold ever discovered in the world a record that still stands today Found in 1872 this single mass of quartz and gold weighed 630 lbs and when crushed produced and est of 3000 troy oz 205 lbs or 93 kg of gold thus processed held more gold than the processed gold from largest nugget ever found that being the Welcome Stranger from the Victorian Goldfields Holtermann recognizing the significance of the find attempted to preserve it by buying it from the Company of which he was one of a number of directors His efforts were in vain It is reported that a larger mass was discovered a few days later in the same mine but was broken up underground Absolutely reliant on Gold the towns decline was dramatic once the Gold ran out before the 1900s Photo Hotlermann with the Beyers Holterman Specimen 26 In the 1860s the town of Bathurst began to boom Bathurst was to become the first gold centre of Australia The nearby gold localities would transport their gold to Bathurst 21 then to Sydney The mail and gold transport coaches became an obvious target for bushrangers which became a major problem for the authorities The Ribbon Gang and the Bathurst Rebellion occurred in 1830 when a large group of over 80 convicts roamed the Bathurst district They were eventually captured and charged with murder bushranging and horse thieving On 2 November 1830 ten members of the Ribbon Boys were hanged in Bathurst for their crimes The site of the first and largest public hanging in Bathurst is still marked by the laneway sign Ribbon Gang Lane in the CBD 27 Ben Hall who became a notorious bushranger was married in St Michael s Church at Bathurst in 1856 In October 1863 a gang of five including Hall raided Bathurst robbing a jeweller s shop bailed up the Sportsmans Arms Hotel and tried to steal a racehorse They returned three days later and held up more businesses John Peisley another bushranger was tried and hanged for murder at Bathurst Gaol in 1862 28 nbsp Abercrombie House grand estates and residences were built by early settlers in Bathurst especially during the height of the Gold RushesBathurst s economy was transformed by the discovery of gold in 1851 One illustration of the prosperity gold brought to Bathurst is the growth and status of hotels and inns The first licensed inn within the township was opened in 1835 the Highland Laddie At the peak of hotel activity in 1875 coinciding with the gold rush period there were 61 operating concurrently A total of 89 hotel locations have been identified in the town of Bathurst with 112 operating in the immediate district during the course of the history in Bathurst Initially many pubs were simply a cottage with stables As prosperity increased during the gold rush the Hotels became typical of architecture of pubs known today 29 Development to Federation 1860s 1910 edit See also History of infrastructure development in Bathurst nbsp William Street in 1870The Cobb amp Co business was a horse drawn coaching transport business originally established in Victoria but relocated to Bathurst in 1862 to follow the gold rush The business provided gold escorts mail services and passenger services to the towns and rural settlements 30 Cobb amp Co coaches were constructed in the coaching workshops located in Bathurst and the Bathurst Information Centre contains a restored Cobb amp Co coach 31 32 nbsp Bathurst District HospitalBathurst later became the centre of an important coal mining and manufacturing region The Main Western railway line from Sydney reached Bathurst in 1876 From that time the town became an important railway centre with workshops crew base with locomotive depot and track and signal engineering offices It remains today as the railway regional engineering headquarters with a large rail component manufacturing facility The heritage listed Bathurst Courthouse a predominant landmark of the city centre was constructed in 1880 based on designs by the New South Wales Colonial and Government architects James Barnet and Walter Liberty Vernon 33 34 In 1885 Bathurst had a population of about 8 000 and an additional 20 000 people in the district The town in 1885 was a hub for stores such as E G Webb amp Co with supplies and distribution occurring throughout large parts of western NSW and into Queensland and South Australia 21 Early 20th century edit nbsp Rotunda at Machattie ParkThis period is characterised by periods of slow to moderate population growth with industrial and education industries developing and technology and services delivered to the town Several major infrastructure developments arrive such as distributed town gas electricity town water supplies and a sewage treatment system Town gas had arrived in Bathurst courtesy of a private venture in 1872 with the Council providing a competing network from 1888 On 30 June 1914 the Council purchased the Wark Bros gas system and combined the gas networks The old gasworks plant on Russell Street now out of use was built in 1960 In 1987 natural gas arrived via a new 240 km spur pipeline off the Moomba to Sydney pipeline 35 The early part of the century saw electricity arrive initially for street lighting the city converted from gas street lighting to electric lighting on 22 December 1924 when 370 electric lights at a cost of 40 000 were switched on 36 Lighting spread along streets through to 1935 over time to businesses and finally private houses Sewage treatment was an early infrastructure project funded by the state government and built in 1915 37 59 Water supply started with private wells in backyards Eventually a waterworks was built to the south of the town on the river with the water pumped through piping laid progressively to the businesses and private dwellings In 1931 work started on the 1 700 ML Winburndale Dam project to gravity feed water through a wood stave pipe laid to the town The scheme was opened by the Premier of New South Wales on 7 October 1933 Later a new larger water supply dam was built on the Campbells River Originally known as the Campbell River Dam scheme and later renamed the Ben Chifley Dam after the late Prime Minister Ben Chifley of Bathurst It was opened in November 1956 The Ben Chifley Dam received a major storage upgrade designed to meet the cities needs to 2050 the work was completed in 2001 increasing the capacity by 30 to 30 800 megalitres 6 8 109 imp gal 8 1 109 US gal 38 nbsp Bathurst district ambulance stationAn ambulance service commenced on 6 June 1925 with a new Hudson ambulance A new ambulance station was opened 2 March 1929 and is still used by the NSW Ambulance Service Motor cars were becoming common in the early 20th century and the need for road service patrols commenced in 1927 provided by the NRMA using a motorcycle sidecar response vehicle The early electronic media age arrived with the opening of commercial radio station 2BS on 1 January 1937 Bathurst Aerodrome was opened in 1942 initially to benefit the war effort providing parking for aircraft overflowing from Richmond air force base 39 The first commercial airline service departed for Sydney on 16 December 1946 40 A famous Australian brand name of frozen foods began in Bathurst Robert Gordon Edgell arrived in Bathurst in 1902 citation needed By 1906 he was growing pears apples and asparagus and experimenting with canning and preserving fruit and vegetables eventually opening a small cannery in 1926 citation needed In 1930 he formed the company Gordon Edgell amp Sons which became and still is a famous Australian food brand now owned by Simplot Many attempts were made to start a university college the earliest attempts were 1912 through to 1947 when real progress was made with plans for a state teachers college The first intake of teacher students came at the beginning of 1951 with the official opening on 9 November 1951 The college has transformed over time into the Mitchell College of Advanced Education on 1 January 1970 The college grew and ultimately became the Charles Sturt University on 19 July 1989 41 Bathurst was one of the locations to campaign to be the site of the new federal capital In an essay prepared by a journalist with the Bathurst Times Price Warung 42 in 1901 to promote Bathurst s candidacy he responds to the federal committees key requirements for the capital to have centrality and accessibility of situation salubrity and capacity for impregnable defence 43 The proposed site for the capital city would have been slightly north west of Bathurst straddling the Macquarie River at the locality known as Elrington 44 World War II and Bathurst Migrant Camp edit nbsp Post war migrants at the Bathurst Migrant Centre 1949An Australian Army camp was established at Bathurst in early 1940 intended for the Second Australian Imperial Force s 1st Armoured Division however it was later converted to an infantry training centre due to the unsuitability of the closely settled area to armoured training Following World War II the camp was converted to a migrant reception and training centre with the first group of migrants arriving in 1948 At times the centre had up to 10 000 residents at one time 21 taking in a total of around 100 000 migrants before its closure in 1952 when Villawood Migrant Centre was opened Officially Bathurst Migrant Reception and Training Centre it was usually referred to as Bathurst Migrant Camp 45 Population growth edit Bathurst s population has had rapid growth periods throughout its history during the mid to late 19th century gold rush period then post World War 2 when migrants from the war ravaged countries were settled in the area and returning soldiers were offered farming land and at the start of this century has been another fast growth period corresponding in part to Sydney s congestion citation needed Other periods have seen a slightly declining population including the decade around the 1900s and during the 1960s The following chart illustrates the growth from 1856 to recent times 46 nbsp Bathurst population growth 1856 to 2005Heritage listings edit nbsp Woolstone House nbsp The former Masonic HallBathurst has a number of heritage listed sites including All Saints Anglican Cathedral Church Street All Saints Cathedral Bells 47 Bathurst City Library 70 78 Keppel Street Bathurst Old School of Arts Library Collection 48 Bathurst Street Lamps 49 located throughout the central business district Bentinck Street Bentinck Street Elm Trees 50 67 and 71 Bentinck Street Bentinck Street houses 51 52 Browning Street Bathurst Correctional Complex 53 10 Busby Street Ben Chifley s House 54 218 Gormans Hill Road Merembra Homestead 55 Havannah Street Bathurst railway station 56 Howick Street Old Bathurst Hospital 57 194 196 198 200 and 202 Howick Street Howick Street houses 58 59 60 61 Kendall Avenue Great Western Highway Bathurst Showground 62 Macquarie River Great Western Highway Denison Bridge 63 Main Western railway Macquarie River Railway Bridge 64 3249 O Connell Road The Grange and Macquarie Plains Cemetery 65 Russell Street Bathurst Courthouse 66 321 Russell Street Miss Traill s House 67 16 Stanley Street Old Government Cottages Group 68 107 William Street Cathedral of St Michael and St John 69 108 William Street Royal Hotel 70 Landmarks editBathurst s place in Australia s history is evidenced by the large number of landmark monuments buildings and parks Further information Architecture in Bathurst New South Wales nbsp Kings Parade Carillon Memorial and Evans MemorialIn the centre of the city is a square known as Kings Parade Originally a market area from 1849 to 1906 citation needed it was redesignated as a public recreation ground and site for a soldiers memorial Kings Parade now contains three memorials an open space park and gardens The Bathurst War Memorial Carillon is a 30 5 metres 100 ft tall tower structure located in the centre of Kings Parade The Parade is located in the centre of Bathurst s CBD The Carillon is a memorial to the soldiers who died in the two World Wars The bell tower contains 49 bronze bells cast by John Taylor amp Co in 1928 that are rung daily at lunchtime and an eternal flame on the platform level of the structure The Carillon was officially completed on Armistice Day 11 November 1933 71 at a cost of 8 000 72 It was upgraded in 2020 to World Carillon Federation nl standards making it only the third such carillon in Australia The Evans memorial stands at the northern end of Kings Parade Completed in 1920 the memorial commemorates the discovery of the Bathurst Plains in 1813 by George Evans Assistant Surveyor of Lands The Boer War memorial stands at the southern end of Kings Parade This memorial was unveiled in 1910 by Lord Kitchener citation needed Demographics edit nbsp St Barnabas Anglican ChurchIn 2021 there were 37 396 people in Bathurst 1 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 7 7 of the population Males make up 49 7 of the Bathurst population 73 84 6 of people were born in Australia The next most common countries of birth were England 1 8 New Zealand 1 0 India 0 9 the Philippines 0 7 and Nepal 0 5 87 4 of people only spoke English at home 9 2 of the population have been divorced 74 The most common responses for religion were No Religion 32 6 Catholic 28 7 and Anglican 15 2 74 Governance edit nbsp Bathurst CourthouseLocal edit Further information Bathurst Regional Council Local government was trialled in the new Colony with a Bathurst and Carcoar District Council established on 12 August 1843 37 66 Bathurst was proclaimed a town in 1852 and incorporated as a borough in 1862 next a municipality in 1883 3 then gazetted a city in on 20 March 1885 21 the same day as Sydney was declared a city 3 Bathurst Regional Council was formed on 26 May 2004 following the amalgamation of the Bathurst City Council most of Evans Shire and a small amount of land formerly included in Oberon Shire 75 State edit The Electoral district of Bathurst is the state seat in the NSW Parliament This seat covers the major centres of Bathurst and Lithgow and all or part of Bathurst Blayney Cabonne Lithgow Mid Western and Oberon local government areas Since 1859 Bathurst has existed as an electoral district in the NSW Parliament Prior to 1856 Bathurst was a part of the Electoral district of Western Boroughs Before the 1920s Bathurst was a single member constituency in the 1920s it became a multimember district with proportional representation During the middle part of the 20th century the seat was marginal between Labor and Country Parties from 1981 when the strong Labor town of Lithgow moved from Blue Mountains to Bathurst the seat was dominated by Labor except for 1988 when it was won by the Liberal Party for one 3 year term 76 and the 2011 election when Paul Toole of the National Party won the seat 77 Federal edit Bathurst is currently within the federal electoral district of Calare which includes a large part of western NSW from Lithgow in the east to Tullamore in the west Prior to the 2010 election Bathurst was within the Macquarie federal electoral district which was more easterly based including the Blue Mountains area with Bathurst as the western boundary of the district 78 Economy edit nbsp Retail lining Howick StreetBathurst s economy is broad based with a manufacturing industry large education sector including agricultural and government service sectors In 2015 the Gross Regional Product was 1 96 billion representing 0 4 of the Gross State Product of New South Wales 79 To capitalise on Bathurst s growth education facilities and youthful population in 2011 the Regional Council announced it was progressing plans for a new Australian Centre for Science Technology and Emerging Industries ACSTEI also known as the Technology Park to be established adjacent to the Charles Sturt University Campus with the centre featuring next generation emerging industries 80 Manufacturing and food edit Private sector employers with large workforces in Bathurst according to statistics published in 2009 include Devro an international company that produces food casing products and Mars Petcare manufacturing plant are the single largest private employers of labour Companies such as Telstra s call centre Simplot Australia s more recognisable as brands such as Edgells BirdsEye Chiko Roll and I amp J Seafood products food processing and canning plant and Burkes Transport a local trucking and distribution company 3 In 1982 Clyde Engineering opened a railway component facility in Kelso initially producing electrical equipment under licence from Hitachi 81 82 In 1982 it began manufacturing locomotives 83 It closed in 2013 84 Public sector edit Government sector employers with large local workforces include Country Energy with their District Field Office and Corporate Office Charles Sturt University Bathurst Regional Council the NSW Land Registry Services that provide mapping and survey data across NSW the Western NSW Local Health District Regional Office Bathurst Correctional Centre NSW Department of Education Regional Office New South Wales Police Force Chifley Local Area Command and NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Regional Office 3 In April 1982 the State Rail Authority opened a locomotive and wagon overhaul facility in Bathurst 85 86 Agriculture edit The Bathurst region s climate of cool winter weather lends itself to stone fruit production and cool variety grapes suitable for wine production citation needed Bathurst is the location for the Bathurst Primary Industries Centre a government facility that has been operating since 1895 and originally known as The Experimental Farm Originally established to study most facets of agriculture in the early growth years of the western inland work included dairy pigs vegetable cereal plantings and fruit trees The site is still one of the most important stone fruit research units in Australia 87 Sheep and wool production are the main primary sector industries in the surrounding area with beef cattle a secondary production Wool has been a significant part of the Bathurst rural scene since the 1850s when the industry was growing rapidly Lambs for meat production are a common product of the region s farms Beef cattle breeds are predominantly British British cross and European cross the Bos indicus types are present but not common 88 Forestry edit Bathurst is the site of a major timber processing facility which uses timber harvested from the surrounding forests There are large plantations of softwood timber pinus radiata that are harvested for timber products the main product being sawlogs and some pulp Bathurst is the headquarters for the Macquarie Region of Forestry Corporation of NSW a NSW State Owned Corporation 89 Motorsport edit nbsp The Bathurst 1000In the 21st century Bathurst is known for motorsport being the site of the Mount Panorama motor racing circuit It hosts the Bathurst 12 Hour motor race each February the Bathurst Motor Festival every Easter and the Bathurst 1000 motor race each October During these times the population swells with tourists The circuit is a public road when not being used for racing and is a popular tourist attraction for visitors to the city Bathurst has a long history of racing beginning with motorcycle racing from 1911 90 From 1931 to 1938 motorcycle racing was conducted at the Old Vale Circuit 91 before moving to the newly created Mount Panorama Circuit in 1938 On 16 April 1938 Mount Panorama attracted 20 000 spectators to its first race The Australian Tourist Trophy and in 2006 the crowd figure reached 194 000 for the 3 day Bathurst 1000 event 92 A group known as Mount Panorama Second Circuit Action Group is promoting and lobbying to incorporate additional track and facilities into the existing circuit to capture additional events and increase the use of the facility 93 Beside the circuit is the National Motor Racing Museum This museum was built to encourage visitors to the circuit all year round and includes motor cycles and cars representing the racing history of Bathurst Peter Brock the race car driver was synonymous with Mount Panorama racing and a memorial sculpture dedicated to him is located in the museum grounds Sport editSports in general are well supported by the Bathurst community The Bathurst Regional Council and NSW State Government have contributed significant funds over the past decade which to build new facilities such as a new heated Aquatic Centre an Indoor Sports Stadium Hockey Complex and major upgrade of the track new pit complex and spectator facilities at the Mount Panorama circuit The Hockey Complex is an advanced facility which includes water and sand based fields as well as numerous grass fields The city provides dedicated sports facilities for motor racing Rugby League part of Group 10 Rugby Union Australian Rules Athletics Cricket Netball Tennis Football and Touch Football There are over 70 different sporting groups and organisations in the region from the Academy of Dance croquet aero pony clubs through to the football rugby cricket and cycling Cycling is increasingly considered a speciality sport of the Bathurst Region with ideal road and community facilities around the city The Bathurst Cycling Club is one of the oldest sports clubs in Australia founded in 1884 94 Sports grounds around Bathurst 95 Alan Morse Park cricket and athletics Anne Ashwood Park rugby union Bathurst Bulldogs Rugby Union Club Bathurst Sportsground turf cricket pitch rugby league rugby union field velodrome and turf track and field facilities home of Bathurst Panthers Rugby League Club amp others Bathurst Indoor Sports Stadium basketball volleyball netball soccer and badminton courts Brooke Moore Oval 3 synthetic cricket nets and 1 turf cricket pitch Carrington Park rugby league and rugby union Cooke Hockey Complex 9 grass hockey fields 3 synthetic hockey fields Cubis Park Facilities 2 synthetic cricket pitches and 2 full size rugby league soccer fields Eglinton Oval George Park Australian Rules and cricket John Matthews Complex 14 all weather netball courts and tennis Kennerson Park Upfold Street Bathurst greyhound racing opened 30 November 1935 96 97 Learmonth Park 4 synthetic cricket pitches and 9 touch football fields turf Marsden Estate table tennis tournament 98 Proctor Park 12 turf soccer fields Police Paddock 2 synthetic cricket pitches and 4 full sized turf soccer fields Ralph Cameron Oval Raglan 2 tennis courts 3 cricket nets 2 synthetic cricket wickets Walmer Park Paddy s Hotel Sports Fields turf cricket pitch turf cricket nets and synthetic cricket nets Gliding is a popular activity and there is a large gliding community in Bathurst Gliding takes place at Pipers Airfield which is about 5 kilometres to the north of the city 99 Gliding also occurs most school holidays at the Bathurst Regional Airport where Australian Air Force Cadets AAFC from No 301 Air Training Flight learn to fly 100 Bathurst with its young demographic has established modern sporting competitions such as the Newtons Nation event At this event held at Mount Panorama young people can participate in modern sports such as BMX Dirt Bikes Mountain Bikes Wakeboarding Parkour Flatland BMX Krumping Skateboarding and Luge 101 Culture edit nbsp Cathedral of St Michael and St John built in 1861Bathurst is a cathedral city being the seat for the Anglican and Roman Catholic bishops of Bathurst The city is dotted with many churches and other religious buildings such as schools and halls The cathedrals are All Saints Anglican and St Michael and St John s Catholic then there are many churches and places of worship including St Stephens Presbyterian Church amp Hall Assumption Church Catholic St Barnabas South Bathurst Anglican that was partially fire destroyed in 2014 102 and others Bathurst was also the home of wartime Labor Prime Minister Ben Chifley who represented the area in the Federal Parliament and is buried in Bathurst Each year the Labor party celebrates his legacy with a function known as the Light on the Hill speech by a senior Labor figure 103 Bathurst has a collection of house museums representing different periods of its history from first settlement to the 1970s The house museums include Old Government Cottage built 1837 1860 104 Abercrombie House a 40 room historic mansion built c 1870s Miss Traill s House built in 1845 and Chifley Home which retains the simple furnishings that demonstrated the lifestyle and image of Chifley as a plain man nbsp The Australian Fossil and Mineral MuseumBathurst is home to several museums including the Bathurst Historical Society Museum located in the left wing of the historic courthouse This museum includes in its collection a range of Aboriginal artefacts and large collections of documents relating to Bathurst s early history and collection of local items from Australia s early settlement 105 Central Bathurst is host to the Australian Fossil and Mineral Museum which houses the Somerville Collection of fossils and minerals and features Australia s only complete Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton The Somerville Collection also consists of one of the largest collections of tourmaline in the Southern Hemisphere The Fossil and Mineral Museum is located in the historic school building in the CBD Organisations that support the various arts are well catered for in Bathurst they include the Mitchell Conservatorium which was the NSW s first regional community based pre tertiary and non profit music centre it was established in May 1978 The Conservatorium provides musical education and performance opportunities to children and adults 106 The Bathurst Regional Art Gallery focuses on Australian art from 1955 and has a strong representation of local landscapes and particularly local villages and towns The collection includes several Lloyd Rees paintings The design of the gallery allows regular exhibitions with an average of 25 exhibitions per year 107 The gallery is owned by the Bathurst Regional Council and is located in a modern purpose built building incorporating the Regional Library 108 Another Arts group is the Macquarie Philharmonia this professional and amateur orchestra annually brings together professional musicians living in western areas of NSW Known as Australia s Inland Symphony Orchestra throughout the year the Macquarie Philharmonia invites selected music students from the region s Conservatoriums to perform alongside professionals to audiences throughout the Region 109 Carillon Theatrical Society is an amateur theatrical society that has been performing musicals for the people of Bathurst since 1959 Recent shows include The Producers and Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat 110 The NSW Government and Charles Sturt University supports the Arts in the area through Arts OutWest which is the peak arts and cultural body for the Central West area of NSW operating since 1974 This group promotes and educates arts and cultural development for Bathurst and the region 111 The Bathurst Memorial Entertainment Centre BMEC is a new purpose built building completed in 1999 that provides a venue for local and visiting performances BMEC has an annual season of entertainment encompassing all forms of the performing arts from Australia and around the world 112 nbsp The pavilion at the Bathurst ShowgroundThe historic Royal Bathurst Show is an Agricultural Show conducted by the Bathurst Agricultural Horticultural amp Pastoral Association since 1860 and promotes excellence in agriculture industry and rural competition encourages learning and provides entertainment It is one of the largest regional shows in NSW The show has been operating continuously from the present site since 1878 and attendances now typically reach 25 000 people over a three day period In 1994 approval was received from the Queen to use the title Royal Bathurst Show 113 The Central Tablelands region is a location with a growing reputation as a producer of gourmet food and drink A non profit volunteer based organisation known as Bre amp d was established in 2001 to encourage visitors and residents to experience the regions produce The organisation operates the monthly Bathurst Farmers Markets held at the Bathurst Showground as well as the Bre amp d Under the Stars and Bre amp d on the Bridge annual events that showcase the regions chefs and local produce The events are held on the historic Denison Bridge with the Macquarie River passing below 114 Attractions edit nbsp Bathurst GaolYerranderie Regional Park Evans Crown Nature Reserve Abercrombie House National Motor Racing Museum Trunkey Creek Abercrombie Caves Bathurst Regional Art Gallery 115 Gold Panner Bathurst Panthers Annie s Old Fashioned Ice CreamEducation edit nbsp St Stanislaus CollegeEducation is Bathurst s largest industry with 60 education facilities 116 that represent 7 6 of Bathurst s Gross Regional Product The education range covers all levels including university TAFE secondary primary both public and private 12 1 of the local population are employed in the education sector the NSW state average is 7 0 117 Bathurst is the headquarters for Charles Sturt University which has a major campus in Bathurst complementing campuses in Wagga Wagga Albury Dubbo Orange Canberra and Goulburn It is a major provider of regional tertiary education The university is renowned for its reputation in journalism 118 nbsp Charles Sturt UniversityThe Western Institute of TAFE has two campuses in Bathurst The college has 12 Industry Training Divisions including arts and media building and construction business services computing and information services engineering services rural and mining services and tourism and hospitality 119 Western Sydney University has a clinical education facility housed within Bathurst Hospital open since June 2010 for its fourth year medical students 120 Bathurst has numerous primary schools and high schools both public and private 121 These include the Scots All Saint s College Denison College MacKillop College St Stanislaus CollegeTransport edit nbsp Evans Bridge crossing the Macquarie River connecting Kelso and Bathurst Roads edit Bathurst is a regional highway hub Several roads including the Great Western Highway Mid Western Highway Mitchell Highway O Connell Road to Oberon and Bathurst Ilford Road all start in Bathurst Other major roads in Bathurst include Durham Street Eleven Mile Drive and Bradwardine Road Rail edit nbsp Bathurst railway stationBathurst railway station is located ten minutes walk from the city centre It is serviced by daily NSW TrainLink trains and buses east to Lithgow then on to Sydney north west to Dubbo west to Parkes and south to Cootamundra 122 123 Bus edit Local bus services provided by Bathurst Buslines operate in the surrounding suburbs of Bathurst 124 with a bus interchange in Howick Street opposite Armada Bathurst Interurban bus services are provided between Bathurst and Lithgow Bathurst and Orange and Bathurst and Oberon Long distance coaches are operate between Bathurst and Sydney by Australia Wide Coaches Air edit FlyPelican is the only airline providing passenger services at Bathurst Airport the airline operates 6 return flights from Sydney Airport per week from Sunday to Friday Bathurst region development editBathurst s location close to Sydney and on major highways placed it in a desirable position for decentralisation plans by various governments over the years Several decentralisation plans relating to Bathurst can be identified in the late 1940s the Curtin Federal Government encouraged the NSW government to establish regions for regional development purposes Bathurst and Orange were grouped as the Mitchell Region and established as such in 1945 Later the new Menzies federal government dropped support for the regionalisation scheme however the NSW Government continued albeit modestly promoting the regionalisation plan 125 on 3 October 1972 the Federal Government and New South Wales Governments agreed on a plan to introduce a decentralisation policy to various regions in NSW This plan included a pilot growth centre in the Bathurst Orange area and was known as the Bathurst Orange Development Corporation BODC Initially 13 areas were proposed however only four were established with Bathurst Orange and Albury Wodonga the only in rural regional NSW 125 The project would comprise domestic commercial and industrial developments and would develop the area economically raise new capital investment bring population to the region and create new employment opportunities A statutory body was established by Act of Parliament to manage the BODC The Act was effective from 1 July 1974 126 A key focus for the BODC was the purchase of land and to that end it purchased 209 properties around Bathurst valued at 22 million 125 A decline in regional trade as a result of changing global trends and the international depression and the oil shock during the mid 70s resulted in a declining interest by developers in new facilities The BODC progressively received less and less government support and suffered liquidity problems 127 Several large new employers moved to Bathurst as part of the BODC initiative including Devro Uncle Bens now Mars and Omya Minerals In 1989 the Greiner government promoted the regional hub strategy that encouraged regional centres that had natural growth potential Bathurst was one of 12 regional hub locations in NSW that received support funding for development of university expansions administration health and general education sectors 125 In 2010 a new plan to attract residents and therefore business to regional centres was launched The marketing name is EVO Cities a name coming from Energy Vision and Opportunity EVO Seven NSW regional cities including Bathurst have developed the EVO City strategy at a local government level with funding provided by the NSW and Federal governments 128 The strategy largely relies on advertising in capital city markets to promote residents to relocate to the EVO Cities Notable people editMain category People from Bathurst New South Wales nbsp Home of Ben Chifley now a museum in Busby Street BathurstCharles Bean 1879 1968 barrister journalist war correspondent and historian born in Bathurst 129 George Bonnor 1855 1912 Australian cricketer Brian Booth 1933 2023 test cricketer and Olympic hockey player Keith Bremner 1947 2013 Australian Paralympic Shooter Reg Campbell 1923 2008 Australian portrait painter 130 Ben Chifley 1885 1951 Australian Prime Minister and Bathurst loco driver Brendan Cowell 1976 actor screenwriter and director William Cox 1764 1837 engineer of the first road from Sydney to Bathurst Andrew Denton 1960 television presenter and producer host of Enough Rope 131 Robert Gordon Edgell 1866 1948 founder of Edgells food processing 132 George William Evans 1780 1852 first European to reach site of Bathurst Beatrice Grimshaw 1870 1953 noted for her writing about New Guinea buried in Catholic portion of cemetery Gus Kelly 1890 1967 Member for Bathurst for 38 years Janelle Lindsay OAM 1976 Australian Paralympic tandem cycling pilot 133 Kim Mackay 1902 1960 British Labour politician Scott McGregor 1957 television presenter actor James Thomas Morisset 1780 1852 was appointed Commandant at Bathurst in 1823 Matt Naylor 1983 Australian field hockey player Peter O Malley 1965 Australian professional golfer Tommy Raudonikis 1950 2021 Australian rugby league player and coach Mark Renshaw 1982 Australian professional cyclist born and educated in Bathurst 134 Beau Robinson 1986 Australian rugby union player Rodney Keft A K A Rodney Rude 1943 Australian comedian Zac Saddler 1999 Australian rugby league player Harry Siejka 1992 Australian rugby league player James Stewart archaeologist 1913 1962 archaeologist and academic Gordon Neil Stewart 1912 1999 author and journalist Tim Storrier 1949 Australian painter winner of the 2012 Archibald Prize Resident of Bathurst 1995 2013 Sir Francis Bathurst Suttor 1839 1915 a local politician and pastoralist 135 William Henry Suttor 1805 1877 a local politician and pastoralist Archie Thompson 1978 A League record holding footballer Charles Turner 1862 1944 Australian cricketer B Linden Webb 1884 1968 Methodist minister and pacifist Bluey Wilkinson 1911 1940 Australian speedway rider Individual World Champion in 1938 known as the Bathurst Burr 136 Windradyne c 1788 1835 Wiradjuri Warrior Media editPrint edit The local daily newspaper is the Western Advocate published in Bathurst for 150 years The publication has a circulation of 5 800 copies 137 Radio stations edit Bathurst licensed stations include 2BS FM 95 1 commercial transmitted from the broadcaster s own tower in the northern suburb of Eglinton B Rock FM 99 3 commercial transmitted from the broadcaster s own tower in the Ovens Ranges near Yetholme 2MCE FM 92 3 community Life FM 100 1 Christian community transmitted from the Bathurst broadcast site YetholmeNational and other stations ABC Central West 549 AM NewsRadio 98 3 Radio National 104 3 96 7 Triple J 101 9 95 9 Classic FM 102 7 97 5 SBS Radio 88 9 MHz Special Broadcasting Service Multicultural Vision Radio UCB relay 1629 AM Racing Radio 2KY 100 9Television stations edit Television in the town area is transmitted from a tower on Mount Panorama 33 27 01 S 149 32 50 E 33 45028 S 149 54722 E 33 45028 149 54722 7 Regional 7two 7mate 7Bravo 7flix ishopTV and Racing com Seven Network owned channels since Prime7 was acquired by Seven West Media WIN Television Nine 9Gem 9Go 9Life TVSN and GOLD Nine affiliated channels Southern Cross 10 10 Bold 10 Peach 10 Shake SBN and Sky News Regional 10 affiliated channels ABC TV ABC TV Plus ABC Me and ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation SBS TV SBS Viceland SBS World Movies SBS Food NITV and SBS WorldWatch Special Broadcasting Service Subscription Television services are provided by Foxtel Of the three main commercial networks Seven News produces a half hour local news bulletin for the Central West airing each weeknight at 6pm It is produced from local newsrooms in Orange and Dubbo and broadcast from studios in Canberra WIN Television produces a half hour local news bulletin for the Central West airing each weeknight at 5 30pm It is produced from its local newsroom in Orange and broadcast from studios in Wollongong Southern Cross 10 produces short news updates of 10 News First throughout the day from its Hobart studios Twin city edit nbsp Ōkuma Japan 138 139 since 1991 nbsp Iiyama Japan Schools deal in class of its ownSee also edit nbsp New South Wales portalHistory of infrastructure development in Bathurst a sequence of significant infrastructure building events in the growth of Bathurst Bathurst County one of the 141 Lands division areas within NSW now only used for land titles and geographic surveying New South Wales gold rushReferences edit a b c d e 2021 Bathurst Census All persons QuickStats Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved 27 May 2023 A Brief History of Bathurst amp its surrounding areas Bathurst NSW Highway West 2010 Archived from the original on 23 September 2015 Retrieved 16 May 2010 a b c d e f Bathurst Statistical Profile PDF Bathurst Regional Council 2009 Archived from the original PDF on 18 October 2015 Retrieved 25 March 2011 Freebray W May 1998 Mitchell Occasional Paper in Geography PDF Greening Australia Archived from the original PDF on 14 October 2009 Retrieved 20 March 2011 Flood Mitigation Works Retrieved 1 January 2024 Bathurst kelso Railway Bridge NSW Government Office of Environment amp Heritage 2010 Retrieved 2 March 2017 Grant C April 2001 Sedementary case study Archived from the original on 10 April 2011 Retrieved 27 March 2011 Local Council Boundaries Division of Local Government Government of New South Wales 9 April 2010 Archived from the original on 31 May 2012 Retrieved 20 March 2011 Australias three main climate zones Bureau of Meteorology Archived from the original on 6 June 2011 Retrieved 23 March 2011 Cool Temperate Zone Bureau of Meteorology Archived from the original on 6 April 2011 Retrieved 23 March 2011 About Severe Thunderstorms Bureau of Meteorology 2011 Archived from the original on 12 April 2011 Retrieved 23 March 2011 a b BATHURST AGRICULTURAL STATION Climate statistics for Australian locations Bureau of Meteorology August 2023 Retrieved 21 August 2023 5 July 1900 Snowstorm PDF Weather Glossary F Farmonline Weather Weather data bom gov au a b c d Gapps Stephen 2021 Gudyarra The First Wiradyuri War of Resistance Sydney NewSouth Wiradjuri People www bathurst nsw gov au Retrieved 10 July 2021 William Cox Dictionary of Australian Biography Project Gutenberg Australia Retrieved 12 August 2011 Local History Bathurst City Bathurst Visitor Information Centre Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine accessed 10 October 2013 Macquarie Lachlan 2011 Lachlan Macquarie 1818 The Lachlan amp Elizabeth Macquarie Archive Macquarie University Library Archived from the original on 27 September 2011 Retrieved 10 August 2011 a b c d e Bathurst City Council 1985 Bathurst Civic Centenary Souvenir Bathurst BCC p 19 Blue Mountains History The Impact of Exploration Western Sydney Libraries Retrieved 23 August 2011 NSW Proclamation Newspaper Australia Trove 23 December 1824 Retrieved 10 August 2011 Connor John 2002 The Australian Frontier Wars Sydney UNSW Press 1987 The Fatal Shore Alfred A Knopf Inc ISBN 0 394 50668 5 Australian History of Biography Bernard Otto Holtermann Abercrombie Caves Web abercrombiecaves Archived from the original on 7 July 2011 Retrieved 12 May 2011 Major historic city on the western side of the Great Dividing Range Sydney Morning Herald 1 January 2009 Retrieved 31 March 2011 Tighe W H 1992 Inns and Hotels of Bathurst Bathurst W H Tighe p 107 Cobb amp Co Restoration PDF Bathurst Regional Council Retrieved 20 March 2011 permanent dead link Cobb amp Co Visit Bathurst com Archived from the original on 6 March 2011 Retrieved 20 March 2011 Welcome to Cobb amp Co Cobb amp Co Heritage Trail Website Retrieved 20 March 2011 Bathurst Court House New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment Retrieved 9 November 2017 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Bathurst Sydney Morning Herald Travel 2004 Retrieved 19 June 2006 NSW the new frontier website The Australian Pipeliner October 2009 Archived from the original on 12 March 2011 Retrieved 14 April 2011 Bathurst Electric Light Scheme The Sydney Morning Herald National Library of Australia Retrieved 10 August 2011 a b Kass Terry June 2003 Thematic History Central West PDF Inquiry into secure and sustainable water Bathurst Regional Council 2008 Archived from the original on 30 March 2011 Retrieved 13 April 2011 Barker Theo 1985 A Pictorial History of Bathurst Robert Brown and Associates p 115 ISBN 0 909197 97 0 Butler Air Services Advertisement Sydney Morning Herald 14 April 1948 Retrieved 23 March 2011 Charles Sturt University Act 1989 No 76 Government of New South Wales Australasian Legal Information Institute 1989 Retrieved 1 October 2021 Astley William 1855 1911 Australian Dictionary of Biography Vol 3 National Centre of Biography Australian National University 1969 ISSN 1833 7538 Retrieved 19 November 2017 Whalan Glyndwr 1901 Bathurst the ideal site for the Federal Capital PDF The University of Sydney Plan shewing proposed Federal Capital site in the locality of Bathurst No 3 cartographic material Parishes of Jedburgh Mt Pleasant amp Bathurst Counties of Roxburgh amp Bathurst N S W 1903 Trove Retrieved 20 September 2021 Bathurst Migrant Camp NSW Migration Heritage Centre A Place For Everyone Bathurst Migrant Camp 1948 1952 exhibition 2011 Retrieved 1 September 2021 Barker Theo 1985 A Pictorial History of Bathurst Bathurst Robert Brown and Associates pp 190 191 ISBN 0 909197 97 0 Bathurst Cathedral Bells New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H01707 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Bathurst Old School of Arts Library Collection New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H01712 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Bathurst Street Lamps New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H01666 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Bentinck Street Elm Trees New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H00369 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence House New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H00395 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence House New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H00396 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Bathurst Correctional Centre New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H00806 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Ben Chifley s House New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H01657 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Merembra Homestead New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H01397 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Bathurst Railway Station yard group and movable relics New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H01078 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Bathurst District Hospital New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H00815 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence House New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H00398 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence House New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H00399 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence House New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H00400 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Semi detached Cottages New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H00244 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Bathurst Showground New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H01960 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Denison Bridge New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H01665 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Bathurst rail bridge over Macquarie River New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H01025 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence The Grange and Macquarie Plains Cemetery New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H01904 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Bathurst Court House New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H00790 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Miss Traill s House New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H01501 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Old Government Cottages Group New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H01659 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Cathedral of Saints Michael and John New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H01885 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Royal Hotel New South Wales State Heritage Register Department of Planning amp Environment H00111 Retrieved 18 May 2018 nbsp Text is licensed by State of New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment under CC BY 4 0 licence Harvey Spencer November 2010 Kings Parade from Market Place to City Centre Bathurst Bathurst Regional Council pp 34 41 Bathurst War Memorial Daily Advertiser New South Wales Australia 13 November 1933 p 1 Retrieved 7 October 2021 via National Library of Australia 2021 Bathurst Census All persons QuickStats Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved 27 May 2023 a b 2016 Census QuickStats Bathurst Regional A quickstats censusdata abs gov au Retrieved 1 October 2021 Bathurst Regional Profile Bathurst Regional Council 2011 Archived from the original on 13 March 2011 Retrieved 19 March 2011 Bathurst NSW 2011 2011 The Tally Room Website January 2011 Retrieved 24 March 2011 State Electoral District of Bathurst NSW State Electoral Commission 27 March 2011 Archived from the original on 26 March 2011 Retrieved 27 March 2011 Profile of the electoral Division of Calare Website Australian Electoral Commission 23 February 2011 Retrieved 24 March 2011 Economic profile Bathurst economy id Technology Park Bathurst Regional Council Archived from the original on 13 March 2011 Retrieved 20 March 2011 Clyde Opens New Manufacturing Plant for Rail Equipment Railway Transportation December 1970 page 8 Suppliers Railway Gazette International January 1971 page 7 Clyde Plant at Bathurst Near Completion Railway Digest March 1982 page 77 Downer EDi Rail Bathurst to Close Motive Power November 2013 page 6 Bathurst Changes Railway Digest March 1981 page 90 New workshops at Bathurst State Wide August 1982 page 7 Bathurst Primary Industries Centre NSW Department of Industries and Investment Archived from the original on 28 March 2011 Retrieved 27 March 2011 Davies Lloyd Recent beef production and management system trends in NSW NSW Department of Primary Industries Archived from the original on 20 March 2011 Retrieved 27 March 2011 Regional map planted forest PDF Primary Industries Forests Archived from the original PDF on 20 March 2011 Retrieved 27 March 2011 Motor Racing Bathurst region tourism information Bathurst Regional Council 2010 Archived from the original on 31 May 2010 Retrieved 16 May 2010 Motor Racing Vale Circuit Bathurst region tourism information Bathurst Regional Council 2010 Archived from the original on 20 February 2011 Retrieved 16 May 2010 Circuit History Mount Panorama com Archived from the original on 11 April 2011 Retrieved 20 March 2011 Mount Panorama Second Circuit Feasibility Study PDF Homebush Motor Racing Authority 24 November 2010 Archived from the original PDF on 26 March 2011 Retrieved 20 March 2011 Sport amp Recreation bathurstregion com au Archived from the original on 16 February 2011 Retrieved 20 March 2011 Sports Facilities bathurstregion com au Archived from the original on 14 March 2011 Retrieved 20 March 2011 Times and Locations Bathurst Greyhounds Retrieved 26 February 2021 THE TIN HARE National Advocate New South Wales Australia 30 November 1935 p 5 Retrieved 16 March 2021 via National Library of Australia Marsden Table Tennis Federation Marsden Table Tennis Federation 2011 Archived from the original on 10 July 2012 Retrieved 5 February 2012 Bathurst Soaring Club about us Bathurst Soaring Club 2005 Archived from the original on 23 February 2011 Retrieved 20 March 2011 News Australian Air Force Cadets Hit The Sky Australian Air Force Cadets 14 November 2010 Archived from the original on 12 March 2011 Retrieved 20 March 2011 Newtons Nation Mt Panorama The Bathurst Town amp Around Website 2011 Archived from the original on 13 April 2011 Retrieved 20 March 2011 Historic St Barnabas church in Bathurst destroyed by suspicious fire ABC News 23 February 2014 Retrieved 25 February 2014 Light on the Hill Speech Australian Politics com Retrieved 21 March 2011 Old Government House NSW Heritage Council 2008 Archived from the original on 26 March 2011 Retrieved 21 March 2011 Bathurst District Historical Society Bathurst District Historical Society 2011 Archived from the original on 23 April 2011 Retrieved 19 March 2011 Mitchell conservatorium About us Mitchell Conservatorium 2011 Archived from the original on 1 March 2011 Retrieved 19 March 2011 Art amp Culture Bathurst Region com au 2011 Archived from the original on 16 February 2011 Retrieved 19 March 2011 BRAG Bathurst Regional Art Gallery BRAG 12 November 2010 Retrieved 19 March 2011 Macquarie Philharmonia Macquarie Philharmonia 2008 Retrieved 19 March 2011 Theatre Group facing the final curtain Western Advocate 9 July 2010 Retrieved 20 March 2011 Arts OuWest Arts OutWest 2009 Archived from the original on 7 April 2011 Retrieved 19 March 2011 Bathurst Memorial Entertainment Centre Bathurst Memorial Entertainment Centre 2011 Archived from the original on 16 February 2011 Retrieved 19 March 2011 Bathurst A H amp P Association About Us Bathurst A H amp P Association 2011 Retrieved 19 March 2011 Welcome to Bre amp d Bathurst Region Eats and Drinks 2011 Archived from the original on 17 February 2011 Retrieved 19 March 2011 Things to Do in Bathurst Bathurst Attractions VisitNSW com Retrieved 23 May 2017 Bathurst Regional Council Study Bathurst Regional Council 2011 Archived from the original on 13 March 2011 Retrieved 19 March 2011 BRC Autumn Winter Profile 2007 PDF Bathurst Regional Council 2007 Archived from the original PDF on 13 July 2009 Retrieved 19 March 2011 Courses as CSU Charles Sturt University 2010 Community Emergency contacts Bathurst TAFE Bathurst Regional Council website Bathurst Regional Council 2010 Archived from the original on 6 July 2011 Retrieved 16 May 2010 Rural Clinical Schools Bathurst Rural Clinical School University of Western Sydney 2011 Archived from the original on 14 June 2012 Retrieved 14 January 2012 Bathurst Schools Education amp Training Art Beauty Cooking Flying Schools Bathurst NSW Highway West 2010 Archived from the original on 25 October 2013 Retrieved 16 October 2010 Western timetable NSW TrainLink 7 September 2019 Southern timetable NSW TrainLink 7 September 2019 Bathurst Buslines Bathurst Buslines Retrieved 10 June 2015 a b c d Wilkinson John June 2003 Regional Development outside Sydney PDF NSW Parliamentary Library Research Service p 33 Archived from the original PDF on 10 August 2011 Retrieved 19 March 2011 Bathurst Orange Development Corporation Department of Services Technology amp Administration Retrieved 19 March 2011 Gregory Denis 18 July 1988 Profitable Qango nearly went west The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 19 March 2011 EVO Cities Bathurst evocities com 2010 Archived from the original on 20 March 2011 Retrieved 19 March 2011 Reid John B 1977 Australian Artists at War Vol 1 p 12 Bathurst RSL Newsletter PDF Bathurst and District Veterans Community Newsletter Returned amp Services League of Australia New South Wales Branch Incorporated Bathrst Sub Branch 2008 Archived from the original PDF on 18 February 2011 Retrieved 19 November 2017 Graduate Success School of Communication Charles Stuart University 31 August 2007 Archived from the original on 31 August 2007 Retrieved 19 November 2017 Edgell History Simplot corporate website About us Simplot Liimted 2010 Archived from the original on 28 August 2007 Media guide Athens 2004 PDF Sydney Australian Paralympic Committee 2004 permanent dead link Mark Renshaw Cycling Australia 25 July 2011 Archived from the original on 25 April 2012 Retrieved 26 January 2012 Teale Ruth Suttor Sir Francis Bathurst 1839 1915 Australian Dictionary of Biography Volume 6 MUP 1976 pp 227 228 Retrieved 9 April 2010 A tribute to Arthur George Wilkinson Australian Vintage Speedway Brian Darby 2010 Western Advocate Rural Press Archived from the original on 11 June 2011 Retrieved 26 March 2011 Sister City Archived 26 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine Bathurst Regional Council Bathurst s sister city home to nuclear plant Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback MachineBooks editBathurst Progress Committee ed 1893 Bathurst guide embracing particulars descriptive of the rise and progress of the city and its public institutions including illustrations of the principal buildings parks and scenery of the district John Sands Salisbury T Gresser P J 1971 Windradyne of the Wiradjuri martial law at Bathurst in 1824 Wentworth Books ISBN 0 85587 017 6 Greaves Bernard ed 1976 The story of Bathurst 3rd ed Angus amp Robertson ISBN 0 207 13363 8 Barker Theo 1992 A history of Bathurst The early settlement to 1862 Crawford House Press ISBN 1 86333 056 9 Raxworthy Dorothy Sampson 1993 The making of a settlement Bathurst Kelso NSW 1813 1833 D S Raxworthy ISBN 0 646 13920 7 Barker Theo 1998 A history of Bathurst From settlement to city 1862 1914 Crawford House Press in association with Bathurst City Council ISBN 1 86333 058 5 Scaysbrook Jim 2003 Bikes amp Bathurst a history of racing at Bathurst since 1931 Independent Observations ISBN 0 9581758 0 2External links editBathurst at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons nbsp Texts from Wikisource nbsp Travel information from Wikivoyage Bathurst Regional Council Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bathurst New South Wales amp oldid 1194741455, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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