Lê Long Đĩnh ([le lawŋm ɗǐŋ̟ˀ]; 黎龍鋌, 15 November 986 – 19 November 1009), also known as Lê Ngọa Triều (黎臥朝), was the last emperor of the Early Lê family of the kingdom of Đại Cồ Việt, ruling from 1005 to 1009. After killing his predecessor and brother Lê Long Việt, he took the throne and named his era Cảnh Thụy. His mysterious death at the age of 24 led to the fall of the Anterior Lê dynasty, then all of power was seized by House of Lý.[1] In some history books, he was portraited as a debauched, cruel emperor. However, there were still a lot of temples created that people still worship him until now, and recently, some historians proved that some rumours about his ruling style were aggrandisements, even seen as fabrications.[citation needed]
Lê Long Đĩnh, who also had name Lê Chí Trung (黎至忠), was born on 15 November 986 (Georgian calendar). He was the fifth son of Emperor Lê Hoàn, but later historians do not note any background of his mother, only information of a concubine, and he was the half-brother of Duke of Nam Phong (Nam Phong vương) Lê Long Việt.[2]
The Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư recorded that in 992 he was granted title Prince of Khai Minh (Khai Minh Vương, 開明王) and the land of Đằng county (now Hưng Yên province).[3] In 1004, Duke of Kinh Thiên and crown prince Long Khâu died; Lê Đại Hành made Lê Long Việt the dauphin of Việt Nam and Long Đĩnh the Duke of Khai Minh.
Throne contest
In 1005, Lê Đại Hành died in Trường Xuân palace. Crown prince Lê Long Việt contested the crown with his other three brothers: Lê Long Tích, Lê Long Kính, and Lê Long Đĩnh. All sides used forces to fight in eight months so the nation was not under control. In October 1005, Lê Long Việt defeated Lê Long Tích and made him flee to Champa and get killed by local people at Cơ La estuary. Then, Lê Long Việt was proclaimed as emperor with the title Trung Tông hoàng đế (Emperor Trung Tông). However, he was assassinated by intruders deployed by Lê Long Đĩnh after reigning for three days. All of his loyalists ran and hid themselves from the scene, and only Lý Công Uẩn embraced the body of the emperor and cried. In winter 1005, Lê Long Đĩnh took the throne with the posthumous name Khai Thiên Ứng Vận Thánh Văn Thần Vũ Tắc Thiên Sùng Đạo Đại Thắng Minh Quang Hiếu Hoàng đế (開天應運聖文神武則天崇道大勝明光孝皇帝) and gave title Hưng Quốc Quảng Thánh Hoàng Thái Hậu (興國廣聖皇太后) to his mother .
Career
Foreign relations
After news of the death of Emperor Lê Đại Hành in China, some Song dynasty mandarins urged the Song emperor to dispatch forces to invade Đại Cồ Việt. However, with the high self-esteem and respect to the tributary activities of Đại Cồ Việt, the Song emperor refused. Some trading activities were allowed by both countries at the border line.
Buddhist supporting and education
In spring 1007, Lê Long Đĩnh ordered his brother to give a white pangolin (or white rhinoceros) as a gift to the Song dynasty in exchange for Buddhist sutras to be sent to Vietnam. In Vietnamese Buddhism, records of Zen Buddhist Thích Mật Thể, the 14th year of Ứng Thiên era (1008), Vietnam sent the envoy to Song to pay tribute and asked for taking nine classics and sutra to Vietnam. The Song emperor approved the request and gave the requested works to the Vietnamese ambassador. The nine classics included I Ching, Classic of Poetry, Book of Documents, Book of Rites, Spring and Autumn Annals, Classic of Filial Piety, Analects, and Mencius. These were the nine classics of Chinese civilization that first came to Vietnam under the reign of Lê Long Đĩnh.
Dispute
Tyrannical and brutal reign
According to the Complete annals of Đại Việt, Lê Long Đĩnh was one of the most brutal and sadistic rulers during Vietnam's dynastic era. His reign was considered a reign of terror at the time. He is comparable to the Roman emperors Caligula and Commodus in their traits of excess cruelty and paranoia. Some of the acts of cruelty that he committed were:
He often executed innocent people who were condemned to death for entertaining purposes by some frightful ways such as tying them with hay to burn to death or ordering an executioner called Liêu Thủ Tâm (廖守心) from Great Song to gradually mutilate victims to death slowly using dull bladed swords and axes. When the victims cried out in agony, this executioner would manipulate the victims into thinking they were not dying. The emperor was said to have delighted in the deaths of his victims.
After capturing prisoners of war, he ordered his soldiers to march the prisoners along the riversides and crammed them into cages that were tied along the riverbanks. When the high tides came in at dusk, he would watch them drown slowly.
The emperor himself often stuck livestock such as pigs or cows to death before he allowed servants to prepare them for feasts. At court banquets, he killed cats and served them to his guests and court officials and made them eat the cats. Afterwards, he would play around with their severed heads in front of the court audience, frightening them and reducing their chances of questioning his audacity.
Later life
According to historical records, he had contracted hemorrhoids and often held court while lying down, earning the popular name "Lê Ngọa Triều" ("Ngọa" means "lie" and "Triều" means "court"). He was not given a temple name because his successor usurped the Anterior Lê dynasty and started the Lý dynasty.
He held the throne for four years, until 1009, when he died at the age of 24. His son Sạ was but a child so under the management of an official named Đào Cam Mộc (陶甘沐). When Lý Công Uẩn became emperor of the Ly dynasty, all the officials enthroned him without any debate. The Anterior Lê dynasty was finished after only three reigns.
References
^Lê Long Đĩnh chết vì bệnh trĩ hay bị đầu độc?, Vĩnh Khang, đăng trên website trên Bảo tàng lịch sử quốc gia
^Theo Cương Mục, tiền biên V, 31 thì Đằng Châu "là xã Đằng Châu, huyện Kim Động, tỉnh Hưng Yên nhà Trần gọi là Khoái Lộ, nhà Lê gọi là Khoái Châu. Nay tương ứng các địa bàn các huyện Kim Động, Khoái Châu, Văn Giang và thành phố Hưng Yên, tỉnh Hưng Yên và một phần tỉnh Thái Bình.
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Le Long Đĩnh news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article may require copy editing for grammar style cohesion tone or spelling You can assist by editing it December 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Le Long Đĩnh le lawŋm ɗǐŋ ˀ 黎龍鋌 15 November 986 19 November 1009 also known as Le Ngọa Triều 黎臥朝 was the last emperor of the Early Le family of the kingdom of Đại Cồ Việt ruling from 1005 to 1009 After killing his predecessor and brother Le Long Việt he took the throne and named his era Cảnh Thụy His mysterious death at the age of 24 led to the fall of the Anterior Le dynasty then all of power was seized by House of Ly 1 In some history books he was portraited as a debauched cruel emperor However there were still a lot of temples created that people still worship him until now and recently some historians proved that some rumours about his ruling style were aggrandisements even seen as fabrications citation needed Le Long Đĩnh黎龍鋌Emperor of Đại Cồ ViệtA statue of Le Long Đĩnh in Hoa LưEmperor of Đại Cồ ViệtReign1005 1009PredecessorLe Trung TongSuccessorLy Thai Tổ of Later Ly DynastyMonarch of Early Le familyReign1005 1009PredecessorLe Trung TongSuccessorLy Cong UẩnBorn15 November 986Hoa Lư Đại Cồ ViệtDied19 November 1009 aged 23 Hoa Lư Đại Cồ ViệtNamesLe Long Đĩnh 黎龍鋌 Era datesỨng Thien 應天 Cảnh Thụy 景瑞 Regnal nameKhai Thien Ứng Vận Thanh Văn Thần Vũ Tắc Thien Sung Đạo Đại Thắng Minh Quang Hiếu Hoang Đế 開天應運聖文神武則天崇道大勝明光孝皇帝 Posthumous nameNgọa Triều Hoang Đế 臥朝皇帝 called by Ly Cong UẩnHouseLeFatherLe Đại HanhMotherConcubine Diệu NữReligionBuddhism Contents 1 Background 2 Throne contest 3 Career 3 1 Foreign relations 3 2 Buddhist supporting and education 4 Dispute 4 1 Tyrannical and brutal reign 5 Later life 6 ReferencesBackground EditLe Long Đĩnh who also had name Le Chi Trung 黎至忠 was born on 15 November 986 Georgian calendar He was the fifth son of Emperor Le Hoan but later historians do not note any background of his mother only information of a concubine and he was the half brother of Duke of Nam Phong Nam Phong vương Le Long Việt 2 The Đại Việt sử ky toan thư recorded that in 992 he was granted title Prince of Khai Minh Khai Minh Vương 開明王 and the land of Đằng county now Hưng Yen province 3 In 1004 Duke of Kinh Thien and crown prince Long Khau died Le Đại Hanh made Le Long Việt the dauphin of Việt Nam and Long Đĩnh the Duke of Khai Minh Throne contest EditIn 1005 Le Đại Hanh died in Trường Xuan palace Crown prince Le Long Việt contested the crown with his other three brothers Le Long Tich Le Long Kinh and Le Long Đĩnh All sides used forces to fight in eight months so the nation was not under control In October 1005 Le Long Việt defeated Le Long Tich and made him flee to Champa and get killed by local people at Cơ La estuary Then Le Long Việt was proclaimed as emperor with the title Trung Tong hoang đế Emperor Trung Tong However he was assassinated by intruders deployed by Le Long Đĩnh after reigning for three days All of his loyalists ran and hid themselves from the scene and only Ly Cong Uẩn embraced the body of the emperor and cried In winter 1005 Le Long Đĩnh took the throne with the posthumous name Khai Thien Ứng Vận Thanh Văn Thần Vũ Tắc Thien Sung Đạo Đại Thắng Minh Quang Hiếu Hoang đế 開天應運聖文神武則天崇道大勝明光孝皇帝 and gave title Hưng Quốc Quảng Thanh Hoang Thai Hậu 興國廣聖皇太后 to his mother Career EditForeign relations Edit After news of the death of Emperor Le Đại Hanh in China some Song dynasty mandarins urged the Song emperor to dispatch forces to invade Đại Cồ Việt However with the high self esteem and respect to the tributary activities of Đại Cồ Việt the Song emperor refused Some trading activities were allowed by both countries at the border line Buddhist supporting and education Edit In spring 1007 Le Long Đĩnh ordered his brother to give a white pangolin or white rhinoceros as a gift to the Song dynasty in exchange for Buddhist sutras to be sent to Vietnam In Vietnamese Buddhism records of Zen Buddhist Thich Mật Thể the 14th year of Ứng Thien era 1008 Vietnam sent the envoy to Song to pay tribute and asked for taking nine classics and sutra to Vietnam The Song emperor approved the request and gave the requested works to the Vietnamese ambassador The nine classics included I Ching Classic of Poetry Book of Documents Book of Rites Spring and Autumn Annals Classic of Filial Piety Analects and Mencius These were the nine classics of Chinese civilization that first came to Vietnam under the reign of Le Long Đĩnh Dispute EditTyrannical and brutal reign Edit According to the Complete annals of Đại Việt Le Long Đĩnh was one of the most brutal and sadistic rulers during Vietnam s dynastic era His reign was considered a reign of terror at the time He is comparable to the Roman emperors Caligula and Commodus in their traits of excess cruelty and paranoia Some of the acts of cruelty that he committed were He often executed innocent people who were condemned to death for entertaining purposes by some frightful ways such as tying them with hay to burn to death or ordering an executioner called Lieu Thủ Tam 廖守心 from Great Song to gradually mutilate victims to death slowly using dull bladed swords and axes When the victims cried out in agony this executioner would manipulate the victims into thinking they were not dying The emperor was said to have delighted in the deaths of his victims After capturing prisoners of war he ordered his soldiers to march the prisoners along the riversides and crammed them into cages that were tied along the riverbanks When the high tides came in at dusk he would watch them drown slowly The emperor himself often stuck livestock such as pigs or cows to death before he allowed servants to prepare them for feasts At court banquets he killed cats and served them to his guests and court officials and made them eat the cats Afterwards he would play around with their severed heads in front of the court audience frightening them and reducing their chances of questioning his audacity Later life EditAccording to historical records he had contracted hemorrhoids and often held court while lying down earning the popular name Le Ngọa Triều Ngọa means lie and Triều means court He was not given a temple name because his successor usurped the Anterior Le dynasty and started the Ly dynasty He held the throne for four years until 1009 when he died at the age of 24 His son Sạ was but a child so under the management of an official named Đao Cam Mộc 陶甘沐 When Ly Cong Uẩn became emperor of the Ly dynasty all the officials enthroned him without any debate The Anterior Le dynasty was finished after only three reigns References Edit Le Long Đĩnh chết vi bệnh trĩ hay bị đầu độc Vĩnh Khang đăng tren website tren Bảo tang lịch sử quốc gia Đại Việt sử ky toan thư Bản Kỷ Toan Thư Quyển 1 Kỷ nha Le Mục Ngọa Triều Hoang đế Theo Cương Mục tiền bien V 31 thi Đằng Chau la xa Đằng Chau huyện Kim Động tỉnh Hưng Yen nha Trần gọi la Khoai Lộ nha Le gọi la Khoai Chau Nay tương ứng cac địa ban cac huyện Kim Động Khoai Chau Văn Giang va thanh phố Hưng Yen tỉnh Hưng Yen va một phần tỉnh Thai Binh Le Long ĐĩnhĐại Cồ ViệtBorn 986 Died 1009Preceded byLe Trung Tong Emperor of Đại Cồ Việt1005 1009 Succeeded byLy Thai Tổ of the Ly dynasty vteNotable families in Early independent VietnamColour note Khuc Dương Ngo Kiều Đinh LeKhuc Thừa DụKhuc HạoDương Đinh NghệKhuc Thừa MỹNgo QuyềnQueen DươngĐinh Cong TrứDương Tam KhaKiều Cong TiễnNgo Xương NgậpNgo Xương VănĐinh Tien HoangDương Van NgaLe Đại HanhKiều Cong ChuẩnNgo Nhật KhanhNgo Xương XiĐinh LiễnĐinh Hạng LangĐinh Phế ĐếKiều Cong HanPrincess Phất KimLe Long ViệtLe Long ĐĩnhKiều ThuậnNotes Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 Đại Việt sử ky toan thư in Vietnamese Nội cac quan bản ed Hanoi Social Science Publishing House National Bureau for Historical Record 1998 Kham định Việt sử Thong giam cương mục in Vietnamese Hanoi Education Publishing House Trần Trọng Kim 1971 Việt Nam sử lược in Vietnamese Saigon Center for School Materials Chapuis Oscar 1995 A history of Vietnam from Hong Bang to Tu Duc Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 0313296227Family tree of Vietnamese monarchs Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Le Long Đĩnh amp oldid 1128855811, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
