The Chinese Tang dynasty took control of the region of Jiaozhi (Giao Châu; roughly corresponding to the area of the modern Red River Delta) in 621 from the preceding Sui dynasty. Later, the Tang dynasty established 12 provinces and 59 districts under the Protectorate of Annan. Effective control exercised by the Tang dynasty lasted until the 10th century, when Khúc Thừa Dụ took over as jiedushi in 905. By 906 an autonomous region in Vietnam was established under the Khúc clan in Tống Bình (near modern-day Hanoi), paving the way for total Vietnamese independence from China under Đinh Bộ Lĩnh.
The Tang took control of the northern Vietnamese region of Jiaozhi (Giao Chi; roughly corresponding to the area of the modern Red River Delta). Periodical rebellions have occurred in Annam in 828, 841, 858, 860, 880, involving more and more people every time. After every uprising Tang authorities were forced to retreat to China.
China have been torn apart by upheaving dynasties from 874, until 907 when the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period had started. Jiedushi (Tiết độ sứ) of Annam since 892, brother of marshal Zhou Juanzhong, Zhou Quanyu has failed to rule this land, he asked Tang to call him back. Instead of him brother of ex-first minister Du Sun was appointed as jiedushi. After two months of Du Sun's rule, commoners had started to call him "villain minister".
Khúc Thừa Dụ (905–907)
Soon Du Sun was transferred to Hainan, and Vietnamese took their chance to uprise. Leader of a local clan, Khúc Thừa Dụ (曲承裕), came to take over the empty post.[2] The weakened Tang dynasty now recognizes him and titles him tiết độ sứ of Tĩnh Hải quân.
Khúc Thừa Hạo (907–917)
Map showing the location of Khúc clan (Jinghai Circuit)
July 23 of 907 Khúc Thừa Dụ died, his son Khúc Hạo became the new jiedushitiết độ sứ. This time China legitimate ruler was the Later Liang, which acknowledged Khuc Hao, but gave title An Nam Tiết độ sứ to another mandarin in Guangzhou, to make Vietnamese remember Chinese territory claims.
Hao had handled several reforms, dividing his land to administrative districts lom phu, chiao, diap, xa. He also changed some of the local landlords, changed the taxing system. Tax collecting was flattened, homages were canceled. People loved his rule[3]
Khúc Thừa Mỹ (917–930) and decline
The next tiết độ sứ after Hao was his son Khúc Thừa Mỹ. Meanwhile, the Southern Han Dynasty was established in 917. Khúc Thừa Mỹ, being a Later Liang jiedushi, does not recognize the newly formed dynasty, hoping instead for assistance from the dwindling Later Liang court. This angers the Southern Han emperor and its ruler were willing to annex Annam once more. In 930, Southern Han sent an army to Annam, led by Li Shouyong and Liang Kezheng. Han soldiers captured Thừa Mỹ and occupied Tong Binh. Li Jin became Annam's jiedushi.
Legacy
Although the Khúc did not declare themselves kings or emperors like many of other breakaway states during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, they had established more power for local rule than ever before. In 931, another Vietnamese native Dương Đình Nghệ, summoned a 3,000 strong army that took control of Tống Bình. Southern Han retreated again and this time for good. No other Chinese dynasty would have managed an established rule over Vietnam in the next five centuries, until the Ming dynasty invaded in 1407 and occupied Vietnam for 20 years.
References
^Anh Thư Hà, Hò̂ng Đức Trà̂n A brief chronology of Vietnam's history 2000 Page 29 "Dưong Đình Nghệ (Diên Nghệ) (931-938) Dương Đình Nghệ was a native of Ái Châu (Thanh Hoá province nowadays). As a general of the Khúc family, he staged a rebellion resulting in the capture of the Đại La fortress (Hanoi nowadays)."
khúc, clan, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, june, 2011, lea. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Khuc clan news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Khuc family or Khuc clan Vietnamese Họ Khuc Chữ nom 𣱆曲 Chinese 曲家 was a succession of native leaders who ruled over Tĩnh Hải quan during the late Tang dynasty until the Five Dynasties period 1 The Chinese Tang dynasty took control of the region of Jiaozhi Giao Chau roughly corresponding to the area of the modern Red River Delta in 621 from the preceding Sui dynasty Later the Tang dynasty established 12 provinces and 59 districts under the Protectorate of Annan Effective control exercised by the Tang dynasty lasted until the 10th century when Khuc Thừa Dụ took over as jiedushi in 905 By 906 an autonomous region in Vietnam was established under the Khuc clan in Tống Binh near modern day Hanoi paving the way for total Vietnamese independence from China under Đinh Bộ Lĩnh Contents 1 Preconditions 2 Khuc Thừa Dụ 905 907 3 Khuc Thừa Hạo 907 917 4 Khuc Thừa Mỹ 917 930 and decline 5 Legacy 6 ReferencesPreconditions EditThe Tang took control of the northern Vietnamese region of Jiaozhi Giao Chi roughly corresponding to the area of the modern Red River Delta Periodical rebellions have occurred in Annam in 828 841 858 860 880 involving more and more people every time After every uprising Tang authorities were forced to retreat to China China have been torn apart by upheaving dynasties from 874 until 907 when the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period had started Jiedushi Tiết độ sứ of Annam since 892 brother of marshal Zhou Juanzhong Zhou Quanyu has failed to rule this land he asked Tang to call him back Instead of him brother of ex first minister Du Sun was appointed as jiedushi After two months of Du Sun s rule commoners had started to call him villain minister Khuc Thừa Dụ 905 907 EditSoon Du Sun was transferred to Hainan and Vietnamese took their chance to uprise Leader of a local clan Khuc Thừa Dụ 曲承裕 came to take over the empty post 2 The weakened Tang dynasty now recognizes him and titles him tiết độ sứ of Tĩnh Hải quan Khuc Thừa Hạo 907 917 Edit Map showing the location of Khuc clan Jinghai Circuit July 23 of 907 Khuc Thừa Dụ died his son Khuc Hạo became the new jiedushi tiết độ sứ This time China legitimate ruler was the Later Liang which acknowledged Khuc Hao but gave title An Nam Tiết độ sứ to another mandarin in Guangzhou to make Vietnamese remember Chinese territory claims Hao had handled several reforms dividing his land to administrative districts lom phu chiao diap xa He also changed some of the local landlords changed the taxing system Tax collecting was flattened homages were canceled People loved his rule 3 Khuc Thừa Mỹ 917 930 and decline EditThe next tiết độ sứ after Hao was his son Khuc Thừa Mỹ Meanwhile the Southern Han Dynasty was established in 917 Khuc Thừa Mỹ being a Later Liang jiedushi does not recognize the newly formed dynasty hoping instead for assistance from the dwindling Later Liang court This angers the Southern Han emperor and its ruler were willing to annex Annam once more In 930 Southern Han sent an army to Annam led by Li Shouyong and Liang Kezheng Han soldiers captured Thừa Mỹ and occupied Tong Binh Li Jin became Annam s jiedushi Legacy EditAlthough the Khuc did not declare themselves kings or emperors like many of other breakaway states during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period they had established more power for local rule than ever before In 931 another Vietnamese native Dương Đinh Nghệ summoned a 3 000 strong army that took control of Tống Binh Southern Han retreated again and this time for good No other Chinese dynasty would have managed an established rule over Vietnam in the next five centuries until the Ming dynasty invaded in 1407 and occupied Vietnam for 20 years References Edit Anh Thư Ha Ho ng Đức Tra n A brief chronology of Vietnam s history 2000 Page 29 Dưong Đinh Nghệ Dien Nghệ 931 938 Dương Đinh Nghệ was a native of Ai Chau Thanh Hoa province nowadays As a general of the Khuc family he staged a rebellion resulting in the capture of the Đại La fortress Hanoi nowadays Việt sử Thong giam cương mục 欽定越史通鑑綱目 book 15 Việt sử Thong giam cương mục book 5 p 94 Preceded byThird Chinese domination of Vietnam Ruler of Vietnam906 930 Succeeded byDương Đinh NghệvteNotable families in Early independent VietnamColour note Khuc Dương Ngo Kiều Đinh LeKhuc Thừa DụKhuc HạoDương Đinh NghệKhuc Thừa MỹNgo QuyềnQueen DươngĐinh Cong TrứDương Tam KhaKiều Cong TiễnNgo Xương NgậpNgo Xương VănĐinh Tien HoangDương Van NgaLe Đại HanhKiều Cong ChuẩnNgo Nhật KhanhNgo Xương XiĐinh LiễnĐinh Hạng LangĐinh Phế ĐếKiều Cong HanPrincess Phất KimLe Long ViệtLe Long ĐĩnhKiều ThuậnNotes Ngo Sĩ Lien 1993 Đại Việt sử ky toan thư in Vietnamese Nội cac quan bản ed Hanoi Social Science Publishing House National Bureau for Historical Record 1998 Kham định Việt sử Thong giam cương mục in Vietnamese Hanoi Education Publishing House Trần Trọng Kim 1971 Việt Nam sử lược in Vietnamese Saigon Center for School Materials Chapuis Oscar 1995 A history of Vietnam from Hong Bang to Tu Duc Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 0313296227Family tree of Vietnamese monarchs Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Khuc clan amp oldid 1050570444, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
