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Lithium-titanate battery

April 13, 2024

The lithium-titanate or lithium-titanium-oxide (LTO) battery is a type of rechargeable battery which has the advantage of being faster to charge[2] than other lithium-ion batteries but the disadvantage of having a much lower energy density.

lithium-titanate battery
Specific energy60–110 Wh/kg[1]
Energy density177 Wh/L[1]
Cycle durability6000–+10000 cycles[1]
Nominal cell voltage2.3 V[1]

Uses edit

Titanate batteries are used in certain Japanese-only versions of Mitsubishi's i-MiEV[3] electric vehicle as well as Honda's EV-neo electric bike and Fit EV.[4][5] They are also used in the Tosa concept electric bus.[6] Because of the battery's high level of safety and recharge capabilities, LTO batteries are used in car audio applications as well as mobile medical devices.[7]

An LTO battery is also used in the S-Pen that comes with the Samsung Galaxy Note 20 Ultra 5G.[8]

According to a Weatherflow Co. article,[9] the Tempest weather-station device contains a 1300mAh LTO battery, charged via four solar panels, requiring "at least 4 hours of adequate sunlight every two weeks."

The Combustion Predictive Thermometer is described as using an LTO battery. According to Combustion Inc., this allows it to safely survive temperatures up to 105°C (221°F) inside of ovens.[10]

Chemistry edit

A lithium-titanate battery is a modified lithium-ion battery that uses lithium-titanate nanocrystals, instead of carbon, on the surface of its anode. This gives the anode a surface area of about 100 square meters per gram, compared with 3 square meters per gram for carbon, allowing electrons to enter and leave the anode quickly. Also, the redox potential of Li+ intercalation into titanium oxides is more positive than that of Li+ intercalation into graphite. This leads to fast charging (higher charging current) being much safer in the case of the titanate, than in the case of carbon, since lithium dendrites are less likely to form in the former case.[11] Lithium-titanate cells last for 3000 to 7000 charge cycles;[12] a life cycle of ~1000 cycles before reaching 80% capacity is possible when charged and discharged at 55 °C (131 °F), rather than the standard 25 °C (77 °F).[13]

A disadvantage of lithium-titanate batteries is their lower inherent voltage (2.4 V), which leads to a lower specific energy (about 30–110 Wh/kg[1]) than conventional lithium-ion battery technologies, which have an inherent voltage of 3.7 V.[14] Some lithium-titanate batteries, however, have an volumetric energy density of up to 177 Wh/L.[1]

Brands and uses edit


Log 9 scientific materials edit

The Log9 company is working to introduce its tropicalized-ion battery (TiB) backed by lithium ferro-phosphate (LFP) and lithium-titanium-oxide (LTO) battery chemistries. Unlike LFP and LTO, the more popular NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) chemistry does not have the requisite temperature resilience to survive in the warmest conditions such as in India. LTO is not only temperature resilient, but also has a long life.[15]

Altairnano edit

Altairnano produces lithium-titanate batteries under the "Nanosafe" line, mainly for battery electric vehicles. Vehicle manufacturers that have announced plans to use Altairnano batteries include Lightning Car Company, which plans to use them for the Lightning GT, an electric sports car;[16][17] Phoenix Motorcars, for use in its electric sport-utility vehicles;[18] and in Proterra, its electric EcoRide BE35 lightweight 35-foot bus.[19]

Altairnano has also deployed their lithium-titanate energy storage systems for electric grid ancillary services[20] as well as military applications.[21]

Grinergy edit

Grinergy is a South Korean battery manufacturer founded in 2017. It offers commercial and Warfighter military grade LTO battery technology.[22] Grinergy is a 2023 CES Innovation Honoree [23]

Leclanché edit

Leclanché is a Swiss battery manufacturer founded in 1909. In 2006, it acquired Bullith AG (Germany) to establish a Li-Ion manufacturing line in Germany. In 2014, their product "TiBox" entered the market. The energy content of the TiBox is 3.2 kWh, with an expected 15,000 cycle life span.[24]

Microvast edit

Microvast, based in Houston, Texas, makes a lithium-titanate battery that it calls "LpTO". In 2011, the world's first ultrafast charge bus fleet was launched in Chongqing, China. An 80 kWh LpTO battery system was installed in 37 twelve-meter electric buses, which can be fully charged within 10 minutes with a 400 kW charger.[25]

As of 2014, a British bus OEM, Wrightbus, began using Microvast LpTO batteries for 1,000 units of double-decker New Routemaster buses.[citation needed] An 18 kWh LpTO battery system is used to replace the initial Lithium Iron Phosphate battery because the LFP battery encountered performance failure.

As of 2015, the European ZeEUS (zero emission urban transport system) was first offered. Its VDL bus uses a 62.5 kWh LpTO battery system from Microvast[26] for a demonstration project.

As of 2016, the world's largest automated port, PSA TUAS, began using the Microvast LpTO for 22 electric AGVs as a first phase of a project for horizontal container transportation.[27]

Samsung edit

The Bluetooth-enabled S-Pen in the Samsung Galaxy Note 10 and 10+ contains a lithium-titanate battery which has a stand-by time of ten hours.[28]

Seiko edit

Seiko uses lithium-titanate batteries in its Kinetic (automatic quartz) wristwatches. Earlier Kinetic watches used a capacitor to store energy, but the battery provides a larger capacity and a longer service life. A technician can easily replace the battery when its capacity eventually deteriorates to an unacceptable level.[29]

Toshiba edit

 
An example of a SCiB battery

Toshiba released a lithium-titanate battery, dubbed "Super Charge Ion Battery" (SCiB).[30][31] The battery is designed to offer 90% charge capacity in ten minutes.[32]

SCiB batteries are used in the Schwinn Tailwind electric bike.[33] Toshiba has also demonstrated its use as a prototype laptop battery.[34] Toshiba SCiB batteries are used in a Japan-only version of Mitsubishi's i-MiEV and Minicab MiEV[3] electric vehicles, and Honda uses them in its EV-neo electric bike and Fit EV, which came to market in the summer of 2012.[4][5] JR Central's N700S Shinkansen uses SCiB batteries to operate at low speed in the event of a disruption to overhead power.[35]

The Toshiba lithium-titanate battery is low voltage (2.3 nominal voltage), with low energy density (between the lead-acid and lithium ion phosphate), but has extreme longevity, charge/discharge capabilities and a wide range operating temperatures.

YABO edit

YABO Power Technology released a lithium-titanate battery in 2012. The standard model YB-LITE2344 2.4V/15Ah battery cell has been used in electric vehicle and energy storage systems.[36]

Yinlong Energy edit

Gree introduced its Yinlong Battery Technology, a type of fast-charging LTO (lithium-titanate) battery, which can operate in extreme temperature conditions. The batteries have an operational life-span up to 10 years. Yinlong Energy provides batteries for such uses as automobiles and energy storage.[37]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f "All About Batteries, Part 12: Lithium Titanate (LTO)". EETimes.
  2. ^ Yang, Xiao-Guang; Zhang, Guangsheng; Ge, Shanhai; Wang, Chao-Yang (10 July 2018). "Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries at all temperatures". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (28): 7266–7271. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.7266Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.1807115115. PMC 6048525. PMID 29941558.
  3. ^ a b "Mitsubishi Chooses Super-Efficient Toshiba SCiB Battery For EVs". Integrity Exports. 2011-06-18. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
  4. ^ a b "Toshiba's SCiB battery for the Fit EV". Green Car Congress. Nov 17, 2011.
  5. ^ a b "Honda begins European demonstration program of EV-neo electric scooter". Green Car Congress. Jun 15, 2011.
  6. ^ TOSA2013 2014-05-25 at the Wayback Machine: The project aims to introduce a new system of mass transport with electric "flash" recharging of the buses at selected stops.
  7. ^ "All About Batteries, Part 12: Lithium Titanate (LTO)".
  8. ^ "Specs | Samsung Galaxy Note20 & Note20 Ultra". The Official Samsung Galaxy Site. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
  9. ^ "Solar Power for Tempest". help.weatherflow.com. Retrieved 2020-08-23.
  10. ^ "FAQ". Combustion Inc. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
  11. ^ Graham-Rowe, Duncan (7 March 2005). . New Scientist. Archived from the original on 15 October 2008. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
  12. ^ "LTO Batteries".
  13. ^ Han, Xuebing; Ouyang, Minggao; Lu, Languang; Li, Jianqiu (30 July 2014). "Cycle Life of Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries with Lithium Titanium Oxide Anodes in Electric Vehicles". Energies. 7 (8): 4895–4909. doi:10.3390/en7084895.
  14. ^ "Green Car Congress: Toshiba Developing 3.0 Ah High Power SCiB Li-Ion Cell for HEV Applications". 21 May 2008. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  15. ^ Startup’s ‘Made-in-India’ Li-Ion Battery Cells for EVs Can End Foreign Imports
  16. ^ Page, Lewis (2008-07-22). "Blighty's electro-supercar 2.0 uncloaked today". The Register. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
  17. ^ . Archived from the original on May 26, 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  18. ^ . Phoenix Motorcars. Archived from the original on July 29, 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  19. ^ . Proterraonline.com. Archived from the original on March 1, 2009. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
  20. ^ (Press release). Altair Nanotechnologies. 2008-11-21. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
  21. ^ (Press release). Altair Nanotechnologies. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
  22. ^ "South Korea Grinergy Looks to U.S. to Grow Battery Technology Operation".
  23. ^ "Grinergy Wins CES Innovation Award in the Sustainability, Eco-Design & Smart Energy Category".
  24. ^ Germany, EQS Group AG, Munich. "Leclanché SA: Leclanché announces the launch of the Ti-Box - dgap.de". www.dgap.de. Retrieved 2018-06-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ China, ChargedEVS (17 June 2012). "Microvast: World's fastest EV charging station goes into service – in China". www.chargedevs.com. Retrieved 2012-06-17.
  26. ^ Munster Germany, VDL Bus Coach. . vdlbuscoach.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-18. Retrieved 2015-05-01.
  27. ^ Singapore, PSA Singapore. "PSA Singapore buys 22 AGVs". www.container-mag.com. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  28. ^ Samsung Galaxy Note10 and Note10+ hands-on review - GSMArena.com tests
  29. ^ "The Seiko Kinetic: Boon or Bane? - Quartzimodo's Time Journal". Quartzimodo's Time Journal. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
  30. ^ Kouji Kariatsumari (Dec 12, 2007). "Toshiba's New Secondary Battery Squashed ... No Explosion, Fire ... Why?". Nikkei Electronics. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  31. ^ "TOSHIBA – Rechargeable battery SCiB". Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  32. ^ Aharon Etengoff (Oct 2, 2008). "Toshiba unveils new battery prototype". PC Authority. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  33. ^ . Schwinn Tailwind electric. Archived from the original on 2008-09-29. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  34. ^ Sumner Lemo (September 30, 2008). "Toshiba shows prototype fast-charging laptop battery". InfoWorld. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  35. ^ Nick Kingsley (2019-10-30). "'Earthquake mode' battery packs to be fitted to N700S Shinkansen fleet". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 2019-12-04.
  36. ^ "Advantages of the Lithium Titanate Battery". Knowledge Base. 2014-09-19. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
  37. ^ "Yinlong Energy | Clean Energy & Transportation Solutions". www.yinlong.energy. Retrieved 2022-11-19.

April 13, 2024
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The lithium titanate or lithium titanium oxide LTO battery is a type of rechargeable battery which has the advantage of being faster to charge 2 than other lithium ion batteries but the disadvantage of having a much lower energy density lithium titanate batterySpecific energy60 110 Wh kg 1 Energy density177 Wh L 1 Cycle durability6000 10000 cycles 1 Nominal cell voltage2 3 V 1 Contents 1 Uses 2 Chemistry 3 Brands and uses 3 1 Log 9 scientific materials 3 2 Altairnano 3 3 Grinergy 3 4 Leclanche 3 5 Microvast 3 6 Samsung 3 7 Seiko 3 8 Toshiba 3 9 YABO 3 10 Yinlong Energy 4 See also 5 ReferencesUses editTitanate batteries are used in certain Japanese only versions of Mitsubishi s i MiEV 3 electric vehicle as well as Honda s EV neo electric bike and Fit EV 4 5 They are also used in the Tosa concept electric bus 6 Because of the battery s high level of safety and recharge capabilities LTO batteries are used in car audio applications as well as mobile medical devices 7 An LTO battery is also used in the S Pen that comes with the Samsung Galaxy Note 20 Ultra 5G 8 According to a Weatherflow Co article 9 the Tempest weather station device contains a 1300mAh LTO battery charged via four solar panels requiring at least 4 hours of adequate sunlight every two weeks The Combustion Predictive Thermometer is described as using an LTO battery According to Combustion Inc this allows it to safely survive temperatures up to 105 C 221 F inside of ovens 10 Chemistry editA lithium titanate battery is a modified lithium ion battery that uses lithium titanate nanocrystals instead of carbon on the surface of its anode This gives the anode a surface area of about 100 square meters per gram compared with 3 square meters per gram for carbon allowing electrons to enter and leave the anode quickly Also the redox potential of Li intercalation into titanium oxides is more positive than that of Li intercalation into graphite This leads to fast charging higher charging current being much safer in the case of the titanate than in the case of carbon since lithium dendrites are less likely to form in the former case 11 Lithium titanate cells last for 3000 to 7000 charge cycles 12 a life cycle of 1000 cycles before reaching 80 capacity is possible when charged and discharged at 55 C 131 F rather than the standard 25 C 77 F 13 A disadvantage of lithium titanate batteries is their lower inherent voltage 2 4 V which leads to a lower specific energy about 30 110 Wh kg 1 than conventional lithium ion battery technologies which have an inherent voltage of 3 7 V 14 Some lithium titanate batteries however have an volumetric energy density of up to 177 Wh L 1 Brands and uses editThis section contains content that is written like an advertisement Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view October 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Log 9 scientific materials edit The Log9 company is working to introduce its tropicalized ion battery TiB backed by lithium ferro phosphate LFP and lithium titanium oxide LTO battery chemistries Unlike LFP and LTO the more popular NMC Nickel Manganese Cobalt chemistry does not have the requisite temperature resilience to survive in the warmest conditions such as in India LTO is not only temperature resilient but also has a long life 15 Altairnano edit Altairnano produces lithium titanate batteries under the Nanosafe line mainly for battery electric vehicles Vehicle manufacturers that have announced plans to use Altairnano batteries include Lightning Car Company which plans to use them for the Lightning GT an electric sports car 16 17 Phoenix Motorcars for use in its electric sport utility vehicles 18 and in Proterra its electric EcoRide BE35 lightweight 35 foot bus 19 Altairnano has also deployed their lithium titanate energy storage systems for electric grid ancillary services 20 as well as military applications 21 Grinergy edit Grinergy is a South Korean battery manufacturer founded in 2017 It offers commercial and Warfighter military grade LTO battery technology 22 Grinergy is a 2023 CES Innovation Honoree 23 Leclanche edit Leclanche is a Swiss battery manufacturer founded in 1909 In 2006 it acquired Bullith AG Germany to establish a Li Ion manufacturing line in Germany In 2014 their product TiBox entered the market The energy content of the TiBox is 3 2 kWh with an expected 15 000 cycle life span 24 Microvast edit Microvast based in Houston Texas makes a lithium titanate battery that it calls LpTO In 2011 the world s first ultrafast charge bus fleet was launched in Chongqing China An 80 kWh LpTO battery system was installed in 37 twelve meter electric buses which can be fully charged within 10 minutes with a 400 kW charger 25 As of 2014 a British bus OEM Wrightbus began using Microvast LpTO batteries for 1 000 units of double decker New Routemaster buses citation needed An 18 kWh LpTO battery system is used to replace the initial Lithium Iron Phosphate battery because the LFP battery encountered performance failure As of 2015 the European ZeEUS zero emission urban transport system was first offered Its VDL bus uses a 62 5 kWh LpTO battery system from Microvast 26 for a demonstration project As of 2016 the world s largest automated port PSA TUAS began using the Microvast LpTO for 22 electric AGVs as a first phase of a project for horizontal container transportation 27 Samsung edit The Bluetooth enabled S Pen in the Samsung Galaxy Note 10 and 10 contains a lithium titanate battery which has a stand by time of ten hours 28 Seiko edit Seiko uses lithium titanate batteries in its Kinetic automatic quartz wristwatches Earlier Kinetic watches used a capacitor to store energy but the battery provides a larger capacity and a longer service life A technician can easily replace the battery when its capacity eventually deteriorates to an unacceptable level 29 Toshiba edit nbsp An example of a SCiB batteryToshiba released a lithium titanate battery dubbed Super Charge Ion Battery SCiB 30 31 The battery is designed to offer 90 charge capacity in ten minutes 32 SCiB batteries are used in the Schwinn Tailwind electric bike 33 Toshiba has also demonstrated its use as a prototype laptop battery 34 Toshiba SCiB batteries are used in a Japan only version of Mitsubishi s i MiEV and Minicab MiEV 3 electric vehicles and Honda uses them in its EV neo electric bike and Fit EV which came to market in the summer of 2012 4 5 JR Central s N700S Shinkansen uses SCiB batteries to operate at low speed in the event of a disruption to overhead power 35 The Toshiba lithium titanate battery is low voltage 2 3 nominal voltage with low energy density between the lead acid and lithium ion phosphate but has extreme longevity charge discharge capabilities and a wide range operating temperatures YABO edit YABO Power Technology released a lithium titanate battery in 2012 The standard model YB LITE2344 2 4V 15Ah battery cell has been used in electric vehicle and energy storage systems 36 Yinlong Energy edit Gree introduced its Yinlong Battery Technology a type of fast charging LTO lithium titanate battery which can operate in extreme temperature conditions The batteries have an operational life span up to 10 years Yinlong Energy provides batteries for such uses as automobiles and energy storage 37 See also editList of battery types List of battery sizes Comparison of battery types Battery electricity Electrochemical cell Energy storage Fuel cell Lithium iron phosphate batteryReferences edit a b c d e f All About Batteries Part 12 Lithium Titanate LTO EETimes Yang Xiao Guang Zhang Guangsheng Ge Shanhai Wang Chao Yang 10 July 2018 Fast charging of lithium ion batteries at all temperatures Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 28 7266 7271 Bibcode 2018PNAS 115 7266Y doi 10 1073 pnas 1807115115 PMC 6048525 PMID 29941558 a b Mitsubishi Chooses Super Efficient Toshiba SCiB Battery For EVs Integrity Exports 2011 06 18 Retrieved 2011 06 18 a b Toshiba s SCiB battery for the Fit EV Green Car Congress Nov 17 2011 a b Honda begins European demonstration program of EV neo electric scooter Green Car Congress Jun 15 2011 TOSA2013 Archived 2014 05 25 at the Wayback Machine The project aims to introduce a new system of mass transport with electric flash recharging of the buses at selected stops All About Batteries Part 12 Lithium Titanate LTO Specs Samsung Galaxy Note20 amp Note20 Ultra The Official Samsung Galaxy Site Retrieved 2020 08 06 Solar Power for Tempest help weatherflow com Retrieved 2020 08 23 FAQ Combustion Inc Retrieved 2023 05 21 Graham Rowe Duncan 7 March 2005 Charge a battery in just six minutes New Scientist Archived from the original on 15 October 2008 Retrieved 2010 07 06 LTO Batteries Han Xuebing Ouyang Minggao Lu Languang Li Jianqiu 30 July 2014 Cycle Life of Commercial Lithium Ion Batteries with Lithium Titanium Oxide Anodes in Electric Vehicles Energies 7 8 4895 4909 doi 10 3390 en7084895 Green Car Congress Toshiba Developing 3 0 Ah High Power SCiB Li Ion Cell for HEV Applications 21 May 2008 Retrieved 2010 07 07 Startup s Made in India Li Ion Battery Cells for EVs Can End Foreign Imports Page Lewis 2008 07 22 Blighty s electro supercar 2 0 uncloaked today The Register Retrieved 2008 07 22 Welcome to Lightning Car Company Archived from the original on May 26 2010 Retrieved 2010 07 07 The All New Phoenix SUV Phoenix Motorcars Archived from the original on July 29 2010 Retrieved 2010 07 07 Proterra Cost effective solutions for clean transportation Proterraonline com Archived from the original on March 1 2009 Retrieved 2010 07 06 Altair Nanotechnologies Announces Successful PJM Market Acceptance of the First Grid Scale Battery Energy Storage System Press release Altair Nanotechnologies 2008 11 21 Archived from the original on 2011 07 26 Retrieved 2010 07 06 Altair Nanotechnologies Power Partner The Military Press release Altair Nanotechnologies Archived from the original on 2011 07 16 Retrieved 2010 07 06 South Korea Grinergy Looks to U S to Grow Battery Technology Operation Grinergy Wins CES Innovation Award in the Sustainability Eco Design amp Smart Energy Category Germany EQS Group AG Munich Leclanche SA Leclanche announces the launch of the Ti Box dgap de www dgap de Retrieved 2018 06 25 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link China ChargedEVS 17 June 2012 Microvast World s fastest EV charging station goes into service in China www chargedevs com Retrieved 2012 06 17 Munster Germany VDL Bus Coach VDL 5 VDL Citeas Electric for Stadtwerke Munster to deliver 5 ultrafast charge buses to Germany vdlbuscoach com Archived from the original on 2018 07 18 Retrieved 2015 05 01 Singapore PSA Singapore PSA Singapore buys 22 AGVs www container mag com Retrieved 2016 06 21 Samsung Galaxy Note10 and Note10 hands on review GSMArena com tests The Seiko Kinetic Boon or Bane Quartzimodo s Time Journal Quartzimodo s Time Journal Retrieved 2018 06 26 Kouji Kariatsumari Dec 12 2007 Toshiba s New Secondary Battery Squashed No Explosion Fire Why Nikkei Electronics Retrieved 2010 07 07 TOSHIBA Rechargeable battery SCiB Retrieved 2010 07 07 Aharon Etengoff Oct 2 2008 Toshiba unveils new battery prototype PC Authority Retrieved 2010 07 07 Schwinn Electric Bikes Schwinn Tailwind electric Archived from the original on 2008 09 29 Retrieved 2010 07 07 Sumner Lemo September 30 2008 Toshiba shows prototype fast charging laptop battery InfoWorld Retrieved 2010 07 07 Nick Kingsley 2019 10 30 Earthquake mode battery packs to be fitted to N700S Shinkansen fleet Railway Gazette International Retrieved 2019 12 04 Advantages of the Lithium Titanate Battery Knowledge Base 2014 09 19 Retrieved 2018 06 26 Yinlong Energy Clean Energy amp Transportation Solutions www yinlong energy Retrieved 2022 11 19 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lithium titanate battery amp oldid 1191044042, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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