This article is about crystalline nanoparticles. For other nanocrystalline materials, see Nanocrystalline.
A nanocrystal is a material particle having at least one dimension smaller than 100 nanometres, based on quantum dots[1] (a nanoparticle) and composed of atoms in either a single- or poly-crystalline arrangement.[2]
The size of nanocrystals distinguishes them from larger crystals. For example, silicon nanocrystals can provide efficient light emission while bulk silicon does not[3] and may be used for memory components.[4]
When embedded in solids, nanocrystals may exhibit much more complex melting behaviour than conventional solids[5] and may form the basis of a special class of solids.[6] They can behave as single-domain systems (a volume within the system having the same atomic or molecular arrangement throughout) that can help explain the behaviour of macroscopic samples of a similar material without the complicating presence of grain boundaries and other defects.[citation needed]
The traditional method involves molecular precursors, which can include typical metal salts and a source of the anion. Most semiconducting nanomaterials feature chalcogenides (SS−, SeS−, TeS−) and pnicnides (P3−, As3−, Sb3−). Sources of these elements are the silylated derivatives such as bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide (S(SiMe3)2 and tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine (P(SiMe3)3).[7]
Nanoscale tertiary phosphine-stabilized Ag-S cluster prepared from molecular precursors. Color code: gray = Ag, violet = P, orange = S.[8]
Some procedures use surfactants to solubilize the growing nanocrystals.[9] In some cases, nanocrystals can exchange their elements with reagents through atomic diffusion.[9]
^ B. D. Fahlman (2007). Material Chemistry. Vol. 1. Springer: Mount Pleasant, Michigan. pp. 282–283.
^J. L. Burt (2005). "Beyond Archimedean solids: Star polyhedral gold nanocrystals". J. Cryst. Growth. 285 (4): 681–691. Bibcode:2005JCrGr.285..681B. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.09.060.
^ L. Pavesi (2000). "Optical gain in silicon nanocrystals". Nature. 408 (6811): 440–444. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..440P. doi:10.1038/35044012. PMID 11100719.
^ S. Tiwari (1996). "A silicon nanocrystal based memory". Appl. Phys. Lett. 68 (10): 1377–1379. Bibcode:1996ApPhL..68.1377T. doi:10.1063/1.116085.
^ J. Pakarinen (2009). "Partial melting mechanisms of embedded nanocrystals". Phys. Rev. B. 79 (8): 085426. Bibcode:2009PhRvB..79h5426P. doi:10.1103/physrevb.79.085426.
^ D. V. Talapin (2012). "Nanocrystal solids: A modular approach to materials design". MRS Bulletin. 37: 63–71. doi:10.1557/mrs.2011.337.
^Fuhr, O.; Dehnen, S.; Fenske, D. (2013). "Chalcogenide Clusters of Copper and Silver from Silylated Chalcogenide Sources". Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 (4): 1871–1906. doi:10.1039/C2CS35252D. PMID 22918377.
^Fenske, D.; Persau, C.; Dehnen, S.; Anson, C. E. (2004). "Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Ag-S Cluster Compounds [Ag70S20(SPh)28(dppm)10] (CF3CO2)2 and [Ag262S100(St-Bu)62(dppb)6]". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 43 (3): 305–309. doi:10.1002/anie.200352351. PMID 14705083.
^ abIbanez, M.; Cabot, A. (2013). "All Change for Nanocrystals". Science. 340 (6135): 935–936. Bibcode:2013Sci...340..935I. doi:10.1126/science.1239221. PMID 23704562. S2CID 206549388.
^ P. Dutta and S. Gupta (eds.) (2006). Understanding of Nano Science and Technology (1 ed.). Global Vision Publishing House. p. 72. ISBN81-8220-188-8. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
^Liu, Xiaoming; Yuan, Fuping; Wei, Yueguang (August 2013). "Grain size effect on the hardness of nanocrystal measured by the nanosize indenter". Applied Surface Science. 279: 159–166. Bibcode:2013ApSS..279..159L. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.04.062.
^"Kenneth Nordtvedt Molecular Hardness - the Genetic Atlas".
^Alabd Alhafez, Iyad; Gao, Yu; M. Urbassek, Herbert (30 December 2016). "Nanocutting: A Comparative Molecular-Dynamics Study of Fcc, Bcc, and Hcp Metals". Current Nanoscience. 13 (1): 40–47. Bibcode:2016CNan...13...40A. doi:10.2174/1573413712666160530123834.
^Kaya, Savaş; Kaya, Cemal (May 2015). "A new method for calculation of molecular hardness: A theoretical study". Computational and Theoretical Chemistry. 1060: 66–70. doi:10.1016/j.comptc.2015.03.004.
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January 26, 2023
nanocrystal, this, article, about, crystalline, nanoparticles, other, nanocrystalline, materials, line, nanocrystal, material, particle, having, least, dimension, smaller, than, nanometres, based, quantum, dots, nanoparticle, composed, atoms, either, single, p. This article is about crystalline nanoparticles For other nanocrystalline materials see Nanocrystalline A nanocrystal is a material particle having at least one dimension smaller than 100 nanometres based on quantum dots 1 a nanoparticle and composed of atoms in either a single or poly crystalline arrangement 2 The size of nanocrystals distinguishes them from larger crystals For example silicon nanocrystals can provide efficient light emission while bulk silicon does not 3 and may be used for memory components 4 When embedded in solids nanocrystals may exhibit much more complex melting behaviour than conventional solids 5 and may form the basis of a special class of solids 6 They can behave as single domain systems a volume within the system having the same atomic or molecular arrangement throughout that can help explain the behaviour of macroscopic samples of a similar material without the complicating presence of grain boundaries and other defects citation needed Semiconductor nanocrystals having dimensions smaller than 10 nm are also described as quantum dots Contents 1 Synthesis 2 Applications 2 1 Filter 2 2 Wear resistance 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksSynthesis EditThe traditional method involves molecular precursors which can include typical metal salts and a source of the anion Most semiconducting nanomaterials feature chalcogenides SS SeS TeS and pnicnides P3 As3 Sb3 Sources of these elements are the silylated derivatives such as bis trimethylsilyl sulfide S SiMe3 2 and tris trimethylsilyl phosphine P SiMe3 3 7 Nanoscale tertiary phosphine stabilized Ag S cluster prepared from molecular precursors Color code gray Ag violet P orange S 8 Some procedures use surfactants to solubilize the growing nanocrystals 9 In some cases nanocrystals can exchange their elements with reagents through atomic diffusion 9 Applications EditFilter Edit Nanocrystals made with zeolite are used to filter crude oil into diesel fuel at an ExxonMobil oil refinery in Louisiana at a cost less than conventional methods 10 Wear resistance Edit Nanocrystals level of hardness 11 is closer to the optimized molecular hardness 12 which attracts the wear resistance industry 13 14 See also EditCadmium telluride nanocrystals Magnetic nanoparticles Nanocrystal solar cell Nanocrystalline silicon Nanoparticle Quantum dotReferences Edit B D Fahlman 2007 Material Chemistry Vol 1 Springer Mount Pleasant Michigan pp 282 283 J L Burt 2005 Beyond Archimedean solids Star polyhedral gold nanocrystals J Cryst Growth 285 4 681 691 Bibcode 2005JCrGr 285 681B doi 10 1016 j jcrysgro 2005 09 060 L Pavesi 2000 Optical gain in silicon nanocrystals Nature 408 6811 440 444 Bibcode 2000Natur 408 440P doi 10 1038 35044012 PMID 11100719 S Tiwari 1996 A silicon nanocrystal based memory Appl Phys Lett 68 10 1377 1379 Bibcode 1996ApPhL 68 1377T doi 10 1063 1 116085 J Pakarinen 2009 Partial melting mechanisms of embedded nanocrystals Phys Rev B 79 8 085426 Bibcode 2009PhRvB 79h5426P doi 10 1103 physrevb 79 085426 D V Talapin 2012 Nanocrystal solids A modular approach to materials design MRS Bulletin 37 63 71 doi 10 1557 mrs 2011 337 Fuhr O Dehnen S Fenske D 2013 Chalcogenide Clusters of Copper and Silver from Silylated Chalcogenide Sources Chem Soc Rev 42 4 1871 1906 doi 10 1039 C2CS35252D PMID 22918377 Fenske D Persau C Dehnen S Anson C E 2004 Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Ag S Cluster Compounds Ag70S20 SPh 28 dppm 10 CF3CO2 2 and Ag262S100 St Bu 62 dppb 6 Angewandte Chemie International Edition 43 3 305 309 doi 10 1002 anie 200352351 PMID 14705083 a b Ibanez M Cabot A 2013 All Change for Nanocrystals Science 340 6135 935 936 Bibcode 2013Sci 340 935I doi 10 1126 science 1239221 PMID 23704562 S2CID 206549388 P Dutta and S Gupta eds 2006 Understanding of Nano Science and Technology 1 ed Global Vision Publishing House p 72 ISBN 81 8220 188 8 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a author has generic name help Liu Xiaoming Yuan Fuping Wei Yueguang August 2013 Grain size effect on the hardness of nanocrystal measured by the nanosize indenter Applied Surface Science 279 159 166 Bibcode 2013ApSS 279 159L doi 10 1016 j apsusc 2013 04 062 Kenneth Nordtvedt Molecular Hardness the Genetic Atlas Alabd Alhafez Iyad Gao Yu M Urbassek Herbert 30 December 2016 Nanocutting A Comparative Molecular Dynamics Study of Fcc Bcc and Hcp Metals Current Nanoscience 13 1 40 47 Bibcode 2016CNan 13 40A doi 10 2174 1573413712666160530123834 Kaya Savas Kaya Cemal May 2015 A new method for calculation of molecular hardness A theoretical study Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 1060 66 70 doi 10 1016 j comptc 2015 03 004 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nanocrystals Elan Drug Technology Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Materials Jose Yacaman article on gold silver nanocrystals dead link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nanocrystal amp oldid 1116963659, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
