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List of works based on The War of the Worlds

January 25, 2023

The War of the Worlds (1898) is a science fiction novel by H. G. Wells. It describes the memoirs of an unnamed narrator in the suburbs of Woking, Surrey, England, who recounts an invasion of Earth by an army of Martians with military technology far in advance to human science. It is said to be the first story that details a human conflict with, and overall defeat by, an extraterrestrial race.[citation needed]

Following its publication, The War of the Worlds rapidly entered popular culture. Through the 20th and 21st centuries, the novel has been adapted in various media, including radio, television and film. These have been produced with varying degrees of faithfulness to the original text, with many of the more famous adaptations, such as Orson Welles' 1938 radio adaptation and the 2005 film directed by Steven Spielberg, choosing to set the events in a contemporary setting. In addition, many adaptations, including both of the Americanised above, relocated the location from its original setting of the United Kingdom in favour of the United States. The most recent adaptation of this type was produced in Canada and broadcast on Britain's BBC (autumn 2013) and BBC America (summer 2014) for the centenary of World War I. It posits the Martian invasion as The Great Martian War 1913–1917, with the Martians invading Earth, first falling on Germany, and then expanding their war on mankind throughout Western Europe.

Films

Adaptions

Theatrical

Direct-to-video:

Television Movies:

Parodies, homages, imitations

  • 1990: Spaced Invaders, a comic film directed by Patrick Read Johnson in which Martians land in a small Illinois town at the same time as the local radio station is rebroadcasting Orson Welles' radio drama.
  • 1996: Mars Attacks!, a science fiction comedy by Tim Burton, which spoofs many alien invasion films of the 1950s, including 1953's The War of the Worlds.
  • 1996: Independence Day is a sci-fi action film that, in addition to dealing with a similar large scale invasion of earth by extraterrestrials, pays homage by having a computer virus be that which disrupts the aliens, an update to the pathogens that caused the downfall of the aliens in the original Wells' work.
  • 2006: Scary Movie 4, a spoof comedy that uses Steven Spielberg's film version as its plot.
  • 2017: Brave New Jersey, a comedy about a New Jersey town impacted by the Orson Welles broadcast.
  • In Dennis Wheatley's WWII spy thriller They Used Dark Forces, the protagonist Gregory Sallust manages to infiltrate Hitler's bunker in the final months of the war, gain the German dictator's confidence and convince him that he is fated to be reincarnated as a Martian and lead a Martian conquest of Earth - and enthralled by that expected future, Hitler is content to commit suicide rather than try to resort to guerrilla war and prolong the fighting by another year.

Television

  • 1957: Studio One: Episode "The Night America Trembled", based on the Orson Welles' Mercury Players performance of a radio play version of H.G. Wells' War of the Worlds on 30 October 1938.
  • 1988: War of the Worlds: Loosely based on Wells' novel, but is mainly a sequel to the 1953 film.
  • 1993: a planned animated series to be produced by New World Action Animation, a sister division to New World Animation Limited (formerly Marvel Productions) and subsidiary of New World Entertainment[2][3]
  • 2001: Justice League: an animated TV series adapts the main events and visuals of the novel for the three part story Secret Origins. Aliens, after destroying Mars, attack Earth via tripods and a team of superheroes, including Superman, attempt to stop them
  • 2006: The Simpsons "Treehouse of Horror XVII" episode, "The Day the Earth Looked Stupid" takes the idea of the mass panic, but in the end once everyone realizes it was a hoax and they won't fall for it again, it turns out that aliens Kang and Kodos have successfully invaded Earth. The episode ends with the two aliens confused as to why they weren't hailed as the liberators of Earth, after destroying Springfield.
  • 2013: The Great Martian War 1913–1917, a science fiction docudrama told in the format of an episode on the History Channel on the centennial of the first year of the War To End All Wars.
  • 2019: The War of the Worlds: A three-part BBC adaptation set in Edwardian England.
  • 2019–22: War of the Worlds: A twenty-four-episode Fox and Studio Canal adaptation set in contemporary Europe.

Radio

  • 1938: The War of the Worlds (radio), the Orson Welles' 1938 radio adaptation, script by Howard E. Koch.
  • 1944: War of the Worlds radio broadcast, Santiago.
  • 1949: War of the Worlds radio broadcast, Radio Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
  • 1950: The War of the Worlds, BBC radio dramatisation adapted from the novel by Jon Manchip White, 6 episodes.
  • 1955: The Lux Radio Theater: War of the Worlds, adaptation of the 1953 film.
  • 1967: The War of the Worlds, BBC radio dramatisation using the 1950 Jon Manchip White script, 6 episodes.
  • 1968: The War of the Worlds (radio 1968), WKBW radio adaptation.
  • 1971: War of the Worlds radio broadcast, Rádio Difusora, São Luís, Brazil.
  • 1988: The War of the Worlds, an NPR 50th Anniversary radio adaptation with Jason Robards, using a slightly updated version of the Howard E. Koch script.
  • 1998: Orson the Alien, episode of Seeing Ear Theater, radio comedy/drama, broadcast 30 October 1998, including audio snippets from Orson Welles' 1938 broadcast.[4]
  • 2002: The War of the Worlds, Glenn Beck's Mercury Radio Arts recreates the 1938 program live on Halloween 2002, using the exact Howard E. Koch script. The program was sponsored by Bill's Khakis.
  • 2005: La Guerra de los Mundos, radio broadcast, Rock & Pop, Santiago, Chile, broadcast as promotion of the 2005 movie.[5]
  • 2017: The War of the Worlds, BBC radio dramatization adapted from the novel by Melissa Murray, 2 episodes.
  • 2018: The Coming of the Martians, a faithful audio dramatisation of the original 1897 story by Sherwood Sound Studios starring Colin Morgan and produced in 5.1 surround sound.
  • 2018: The Martian Invasion of Earth, an audio drama adaptation for Big Finish Productions, adapted by Nicholas Briggs, and starring Richard Armitage and Lucy Briggs-Owen.[6]
  • 2019: The Day Of The Martians, book #1 of The Martian Diaries trilogy by H.E. Wilburson. An audio dramatisation sequel to 'The War Of The Worlds' with original music by H.E.Wilburson. First broadcast in May and June 2019 by Radio Woking.[7]

Music

Game

Comic books

Other

  • 1994: War of the Worlds: Invasion from Mars, an Audio Theatre adaption by L.A. Theatre Works, casting Star Trek cast members like Leonard Nimoy, Gates McFadden, Brent Spiner and directed by John de Lancie.[12]
  • 2004–2005: H.G. Wells' The War of the Worlds, a site specific theatre adaptation by Canadian playwright Ian Case staged in and around Craigdarroch Castle in Victoria, British Columbia.
  • 2005: The Art of H. G. Wells by Ricardo Garijo, the third in the series of trading cards, released[13]
  • 2008: Solar Pons's War of the Worlds, an online web serial set in the world of Solar Pons, combining elements of the original novel, the 1938 radio adaptation, and the Wells short-story The Crystal Egg.[14]
  • 2017: War of the Worlds 2017, a mixed web media story primarily told through Twitter, centered on a modern group of characters while retaining concepts from the original novel.[15]
  • 2017: The Day Of The Martians, book #1 of The Martian Diaries trilogy by H.E.Wilburson. An audio dramatisation sequel to 'The War Of The Worlds' with original music by H.E.Wilburson.[7]
  • 2019: Lake On The Moon, book #2 of The Martian Diaries trilogy by H.E.Wilburson. An audio dramatisation sequel to 'The War Of The Worlds' with original music by H.E.Wilburson.[7]

1938 radio adaption by Orson Welles

Main article: The War of the Worlds (radio drama)

Orson Welles's 1938 radio broadcast on The Mercury Theatre on the Air purportedly caused public outcry, as many listeners believed that an actual Martian invasion was in progress,[16] although the reality of the panic is disputed as the program had relatively few listeners.[17]

The radio drama itself has spun off a number of productions based upon the events surrounding the broadcast, including Doctor Who: Invaders from Mars, an audio drama released in 2002 based upon the Doctor Who television series that depicts Welles's broadcast as taking place during an actual attempted alien invasion.[18]

1953 first film adaptation by George Pal

Main article: The War of the Worlds (1953 film)

George Pal's film adaptation has many notable differences from H. G. Wells' novel. The closest resemblance is probably that of the antagonists. The film's aliens are indeed Martians, and invade Earth for the same reasons as those from the novel (the state of Mars suggests that it is in the final stages of being able to support life, leading to the Martians decision to make Earth their new home). They land on Earth in the same way, by crashing to the Earth. However, the book's spacecraft are large cylinder-shaped projectiles fired from the Martian surface from some kind of cannon, instead of the film's meteor-like spaceships; but the Martians emerge from their craft in the same way, by unscrewing a large, round hatch. They appear to have no use for humans in the film. In the novel they are observed directly feeding on humans by draining their victims' blood using pipettes; there is also a speculation about them eventually using human slaves to hunt down all remaining human survivors after the Martians conquer Earth. In the film the Martians do not bring the novel's fast-growing red weed with them, but they are defeated by Earth microorganisms, as observed in the novel. However, they die from the effects of the microorganisms within three days of the landing of the first meteor-ship; in the novel the Martians die within about three weeks of their invasion of England.

The Martians themselves bear no physical resemblance to the novel's Martians. The novel's aliens are bear-sized, bulky creatures whose bodies are described as "merely heads", with a beak-like mouth, sixteen tentacles and two "luminous, disk-like eyes". Their film counterparts are short, reddish-brown creatures with two long, thin arms with three long suction cup-like fingers. The Martian's "head," if it can be called that, is a broad "face" at the top-front of its broad shouldered upper torso, the only apparent feature of which is a single large eye with three distinctly colored lenses. The Martians' lower extremities, whatever they may be, are never shown. (Some speculative designs for the creature suggest the idea of three thin legs resembling their fingers, while others show them as a biped with short, stubby legs with three-toed feet.)

The film's Martian war machines do actually have more of a resemblance than they may seem at first glance. The book's machines are Tripods and carry the heat-ray projector on an articulated arm connected to the front of the war machine's main body. The film's machines are deliberately shaped like manta rays, with a bulbous, elongated green window at the front, through which the aliens observe their surroundings. On top of the machine is the cobra-like heat-ray attached to a long, narrow, neck-like extension. They can be mistaken for flying-machines, but Dr. Forrester states that they are lifted by "invisible legs"; in one scene, when the first machine emerges, you can see faint traces of three energy legs beneath and three sparking traces where the three energy shafts touch the burning ground. Therefore, technically speaking, the film's war machines are indeed tripods, though they are never given that designation. Whereas the novel's war machines had no protection against artillery, the film's war machines have a force field surrounding them; this invisible shield is described by Dr. Forrester as a "protective blister".

The Martian weaponry is also partially unchanged. The heat-ray has the very same effect as that of the novel. However, the novel's heat-ray is briefly described as having a spinning disk held up by a mechanical arm when first seen; it fires in a wide arc while still in the pit where the Martians first land. The film's heat-ray is shaped like a cobra's hood with a single, red pulsing eye, which possibly acts like a targeting telescope for the Martians. The book describes another weapon, the black smoke used to kill all life; the war machines fire projectiles containing a black powder through a bazooka-like tube accessory. The black powder when dispersed seems to have the same effect on life as the mustard gas of the First World War. This weapon is replaced in the film by the "skeleton beam", which fires green pulsing bursts of energy from the tips of the Manta-Ray body. The skeleton beams cause objects and people to disintegrate.

The plot of the film is very different from the novel. The novel tells the story of a late 19th-century journalist who journeys through Victorian London and environs while the Martians attack, eventually being reunited with his wife; the film's protagonist is a California scientist who falls in love with a college instructor after the Martian attack begins. However, certain points of the plot are similar to the novel, from the crash-landing of the Martian meteor-ships to their eventual defeat by Earth's microorganisms. Doctor Forrester also goes through some of which befalls the book's narrator: like his ordeal in a destroyed house and seeing an actual Martian up close. The film is given more of a Cold War theme, with its use of the Atomic Bomb against the enemy and the mass-destruction that such a global war would inflict on mankind.

Unreleased adaptations

After the Second World War, Ray Harryhausen shot a scene of a dying alien falling out of a Martian war machine. It test footage for an abandoned project to adapt the story using Wells' original "octopus" concept for the Martians. A video of the original footage can be found on YouTube.[19]

Here Harryhausen talks about his proposed adaptation:

"Yes, originally, after Mighty Joe [Young] I made a lot of sketches for War of the Worlds. I wanted to keep it in the period that H.G. Wells wrote it, of the Victorian period, and I made eight big drawings, some of which are published – in the book and it would have been an interesting picture, if it was made years ago. But since then so many pictures of that nature have been made that it wouldn't be quite unique as it would have been."[20]

Sequels by other authors

  • Within six weeks of the novel's original 1897 magazine serialisation, The Boston Post began running a sequel, Edison's Conquest of Mars by Garrett P. Serviss, about an Earth counter-attack against the Martians, led by Thomas Edison. Though this is actually a sequel to 'Fighters from Mars', a revised and un-authorised re-print, they both were first printed in the Boston Post in 1898.[21]
  • The War of the Wenuses by E. V. Lucas and C. L. Graves (1898) is a parody of Wells's novel. In it London is invaded by Venusian women intent on raiding major department stores, notably Whiteley's. They can render men insensible using a 'mash-glance' (a 'masher' was period slang for an attractive young woman), so London's womenfolk resist them instead.
  • In 1962, Soviet author Lazar Lagin published a political pamphlet named "Major Well Andyou" ("Майор Велл Эндъю"), a pun on "Well, and you?", which relates the story of a major in the British Army who collaborates with the Martian invaders. Lagin used the story to express current trends of communist thought in the Soviet Union, and injected analysis of political issues contemporary to the 1950s and 1960s.
  • The Second War of the Worlds, by George H. Smith concerned the Martians trying to invade an alternate, less-technologically advanced Earth. Helping these people are an unnamed English detective, and his companion, a doctor, from 'our' world. (It is quite obvious from clues in the story that these are actually Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John Watson.)
  • In the 1970s, Marvel Comics had a character named Killraven, Warrior of the Worlds who (in an alternative timeline) fought H. G. Wells' Martians after their second invasion of Earth in 2001. He first appeared in Amazing Adventures volume 2 #18.
  • Manly Wade Wellman and his son Wade Wellman wrote Sherlock Holmes' War of the Worlds (1975) which describes Sherlock Holmes's adventures during the Martian occupation of London. This version uses Wells' short story "The Crystal Egg" as a prequel (with Holmes being the man who bought the egg at the end) and includes a crossover with Arthur Conan Doyle's Professor Challenger stories. Among many changes the Martians are changed into simple vampires, who suck and ingest human blood.
  • In The Space Machine Christopher Priest presents both a sequel and prequel to The War of the Worlds (due to time travel elements), which also integrates the events of The Time Machine.
  • In the novel W. G. Grace's Last Case (1984) by Willie Rushton, W. G. Grace and Doctor Watson avert a second Martian invasion by attacking the Martian fleet on the far side of the moon with "bombs" containing influenza germs.
  • The comic book Scarlet Traces (2002) begins a decade later with Great Britain utilising the Martians' technology, and ironic to the allegory of Wells' novel, have become more powerful because of it. Eventually, this leads up to a counter-invasion aimed for Mars in its own sequel, Scarlet Traces: The Great Game (2006).
  • Science fiction author Eric Brown wrote a short story, "Ulla, Ulla" (2002) about an expedition to Mars, finding the truth behind H.G. Wells' novel.
  • The London Pen (La cage de Londres, 2003),[22] by French-Canadian author Jean-Pierre Guillet, takes place one hundred years after a second successful Martian invasion. Humans are penned like cattle and «milked» regularly by their new masters, who feed on their blood.
  • Andrew Norris published Solar Pons' War of the Worlds in The Solar Pons Gazette (Volume 3.1, December 2008, pp. 19–33). In it Solar Pons, the Sherlock Holmes pastiche detective created by August Derleth, is involved, along with H.G. Wells, in a Martian invasion in 1938.[23]
  • C. A, Powell's The Last Days of Thunder Child: Victorian Britain in chaos! (2013) tells the story from the perspective of the crew of HMS Thunder Child, here a pre-dreadnought rather than the torpedo ram in the original novel. A sequel, The Last Days of the Fighting Machine: The Martian Apocalypse of Victorian Britain (2019), tells the story of the fightback once the Martians start being weakened by disease, showing a variety of points of view, including members of the crew of a French warship.
  • Mike Brunton's War of the Worlds: The Anglo-Martian War of 1895 (Dark Osprey Book 9) is a 2015 pseudo-factual military history of the Martian invasion by a respected military history publisher. It sets the war at the time Wells wrote the novel, rather than in the early 20th century as specified by Wells in his book.
  • A number of people have written contemporaneously set stories that describe the same invasion from the perspectives of locations other than Britain. Notable stories of this type are:
    • "Night of the Cooters" by Howard Waldrop, in which a Martian war machine lands in Texas.
    • "Foreign Devils" by Walter Jon Williams, set in China.
    • War of the Worlds: Global Dispatches, edited by Kevin J. Anderson, an anthology of such stories (ISBN 0-553-10353-9).
    • War of the Worlds: New Millennium (2005) by Douglas Niles in which the invasion is set in 2005 and focuses mainly on the American fightback. (ISBN 0-765-35000-9) Tor Books
  • Kevin J. Anderson (writing as Gabriel Mesta) later wrote The Martian War: A Thrilling Eyewitness Account of the Recent Invasion As Reported by Mr. H.G. Wells (2006). It recounts the Martian invasion from a variety of viewpoints, and has ties to Wells's other work.
  • In the short story , Hayden Lee uses his appropriation to present the invasion from the perspective of the Martian invaders, also providing the link between the different nature of the two invasions presented in the book and the 2005 film (arriving from space and rising from the ground).
  • Steffen König wrote a prequel entitled Die Dämonen vom Ullswater, (The Demons of Ullswater) published 2014 by Wurdack Verlag Germany. Set in 1894, the protagonist, a young lawyer from London, encounters an early scouting party of the Martians near lake Ullswater in Cumberland, UK. (ISBN 978-3955560058)
  • Scott Washburn has written five novels between 2016 and 2019, starting with The Great Martian War: Invasion, about a second Martian invasion in 1909 and the resultant battlefronts. Much of this is set in the USA.
  • The New York Times best selling author, Stephen Baxter, has a novel-length sequel; entitled The Massacre of Mankind, released on 19 January 2017.[24] He has also written a novella entitled The Martian in the Wood (also 2017).
  • Mark Gardner and John J. Rust's War of the Worlds: Retaliation (2017) posits a human invasion of Mars in 1924, using captured Martian technology and led by historical characters including George Patton, Erwin Rommel, Charles de Gaulle and Georgy Zhukov.
  • Indie author D.G.Leigh has written two novellas. "Sherlock Holmes Vs The War of the Worlds" (2015).[25] The original Wells' invasion as experienced by Mr Sherlock Holmes and Dr John Watson. The second publication takes places twenty years later. This time the protagonist is the teenage son of the Journalist living in the Artilleryman's subterranean metropolis.[26] The title of this story is identical to Stephen Baxter's official release "The Massacre of Mankind" (2017).
  • The Martian Diaries trilogy by H.E.Wilburson, a sequel to 'The War Of The Worlds', continues in 1913 with original characters facing a new Martian invasion and a terrible doomsday weapon in book #1 'The Day Of The Martians'. A sinister discovery in 1919 in book #2 'Lake On The Moon', reveals that our planet is in great peril from Red Weed first brought to Earth by the Martians. Following in the footsteps of the astronomer Ogilvy, Jack Stent adds to 'The Martian Diaries', as he embarks on a desperate space mission to find a cure for the Martian plague in book #3 'Gateway To Mars'.[7]
  • The 2019 speculative fiction book Spacecraft of the First World War: A Compendium of Fighting Vessels of the Great Powers by William Flogg details a fictional alternate history stemming from the aftermath of the Martian invasion. Documented in the style of a fictional vessel encyclopedia, the book details the next few decades after the invasion, as humanity discovers the abandoned life support and anti-gravity devices used by the Martians to survive the transit to Earth and reverse-engineers the technology to create interplanetary warships, and the effects this had on history--namely, the events of the First World War which, in light of the new advancements in technology spreads beyond terrestrial Earth and into the solar system. and humanity's attempts to explore space despite the conflict.
  • In Robert Heinlein's The Number of the Beast the protagonists visit several different versions of Mars. One of them is the home planet of the Martians who invaded Earth and who i n this alterante history managed to hold on to their conquest. The protagonists encounter tribes of humans living in the Martian wilds, descendants of captive humans who had been transported to Mars by the conquerors and there managed to escape. Also on Mars, the wild humans still speak Cockney English — while the Martians' obedient slaves seem descended mainly from upper-class Englishmen.
  • In a loose way, John Christopher's Tripods trilogy can also be considered a sequel to War of the Worlds since it depicts the Earth under the rule of invaders from space who move about on giant tripods, and the struggle of Humanity to get free of them - though in Christopher's version the invaders come from much further away than Mars, and are different in many crucial ways from Wells' Martians.

References

  1. ^ Miller, Thomas Kent. Mars in the Movies: A History. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2016. ISBN 978-0-7864-9914-4
  2. ^ "New World forms two new kidvid banners". Variety. 8 December 1992. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  3. ^ "New World Expands TV Program Activities". Los Angeles Times. 9 December 1992. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  4. ^ . Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  5. ^ "R&P Alerta, Capitulo 1". Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2017 – via YouTube.
  6. ^ "14. The Martian Invasion of Earth - Big Finish Classics". Bigfinish.com.
  7. ^ a b c d "The Martian Diaries - The War Of The Worlds Sequel". Martiandiaries.com. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  8. ^ "The War of The Worlds". The War of The Worlds. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  9. ^ Walls, Seth Colter (13 November 2017). "Review: A 'Fake News' Opera on the Streets of Los Angeles". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  10. ^ Kiphshidze, N; Zubiashvili, T; Chagunava, K (October 2005). "The Creation of Space Invaders". Edge. No. 154. Future plc. pp. 7–13.
  11. ^ War of the Worlds - New Survival Gameplay Highlights, retrieved 16 November 2022
  12. ^ . Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
  13. ^ "War of the Worlds trading cards from Monsterwax". Monsterwax.com. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  14. ^ "The Solar Pons Gazette" (PDF). Solarpons.com. December 2008. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  15. ^ "War of the Worlds 2017". War of the Worlds 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  16. ^ Lovgren, Stefan (17 June 2005). "'War of the Worlds': Behind the 1938 Radio Show Panic". National Geographic. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  17. ^ Pooley, Jefferson; Socolow, Michael (28 October 2013). "The Myth of the War of the Worlds Panic". Slate. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  18. ^ . Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  19. ^ "Ray Harryhausen War of the Worlds Martian..." Retrieved 24 June 2022 – via YouTube.
  20. ^ . Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  21. ^ Edison’s Conquest of Mars, "Foreword" by Robert Godwin, Apogee Books 2005
  22. ^ "La Cage de Londres". Alire.com. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  23. ^ Norris, Andrew (December 2008). "Solar Pons' War of the Worlds" (PDF). The Solar Pons Gazette. 3 (1): 19–33.
  24. ^ Baxter, Stephen (19 January 2017). The Massacre of Mankind. Gollancz.
  25. ^ "The Massacre of Mankind". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  26. ^ The War of the Worlds: Vanguard. Bright Ideas. January 2017.

January 25, 2023
list, works, based, worlds, worlds, 1898, science, fiction, novel, wells, describes, memoirs, unnamed, narrator, suburbs, woking, surrey, england, recounts, invasion, earth, army, martians, with, military, technology, advance, human, science, said, first, stor. The War of the Worlds 1898 is a science fiction novel by H G Wells It describes the memoirs of an unnamed narrator in the suburbs of Woking Surrey England who recounts an invasion of Earth by an army of Martians with military technology far in advance to human science It is said to be the first story that details a human conflict with and overall defeat by an extraterrestrial race citation needed Following its publication The War of the Worlds rapidly entered popular culture Through the 20th and 21st centuries the novel has been adapted in various media including radio television and film These have been produced with varying degrees of faithfulness to the original text with many of the more famous adaptations such as Orson Welles 1938 radio adaptation and the 2005 film directed by Steven Spielberg choosing to set the events in a contemporary setting In addition many adaptations including both of the Americanised above relocated the location from its original setting of the United Kingdom in favour of the United States The most recent adaptation of this type was produced in Canada and broadcast on Britain s BBC autumn 2013 and BBC America summer 2014 for the centenary of World War I It posits the Martian invasion as The Great Martian War 1913 1917 with the Martians invading Earth first falling on Germany and then expanding their war on mankind throughout Western Europe Contents 1 Films 1 1 Adaptions 1 2 Parodies homages imitations 2 Television 3 Radio 4 Music 5 Game 6 Comic books 7 Other 8 1938 radio adaption by Orson Welles 9 1953 first film adaptation by George Pal 10 Unreleased adaptations 11 Sequels by other authors 12 ReferencesFilms EditAdaptions Edit Theatrical 1953 The War of the Worlds 1953 film produced by George Pal and directed by Byron Haskin for Paramount Pictures 2005 War of the Worlds 2005 film directed by Steven Spielberg also for Paramount PicturesDirect to video 1981 The War of the Worlds Next Century a Polish film by Piotr Szulkin 2005 H G Wells The War of the Worlds Pendragon Pictures film directed by Timothy Hines for Pendragon Pictures 2005 H G Wells War of the Worlds The Asylum film directed by David Michael Latt titled Invasion or The Worlds in War internationally for The Asylum 2008 War of the Worlds 2 The Next Wave sequel to The Asylum s film directed by C Thomas Howell 2012 Alien Dawn based very loosely on H G Wells The War of the Worlds set in Los Angeles Directed by Neil Johnson 1 2012 War of the Worlds The True Story a sci fi horror mockumentary by Pendragon Pictures 2012 War of the Worlds Goliath Animated sequel set 15 years after the Wells novelTelevision Movies 1975 The Night That Panicked America a film that follows Orson Welles radio broadcast based on Wells novel Parodies homages imitations Edit 1990 Spaced Invaders a comic film directed by Patrick Read Johnson in which Martians land in a small Illinois town at the same time as the local radio station is rebroadcasting Orson Welles radio drama 1996 Mars Attacks a science fiction comedy by Tim Burton which spoofs many alien invasion films of the 1950s including 1953 s The War of the Worlds 1996 Independence Day is a sci fi action film that in addition to dealing with a similar large scale invasion of earth by extraterrestrials pays homage by having a computer virus be that which disrupts the aliens an update to the pathogens that caused the downfall of the aliens in the original Wells work 2006 Scary Movie 4 a spoof comedy that uses Steven Spielberg s film version as its plot 2017 Brave New Jersey a comedy about a New Jersey town impacted by the Orson Welles broadcast In Dennis Wheatley s WWII spy thriller They Used Dark Forces the protagonist Gregory Sallust manages to infiltrate Hitler s bunker in the final months of the war gain the German dictator s confidence and convince him that he is fated to be reincarnated as a Martian and lead a Martian conquest of Earth and enthralled by that expected future Hitler is content to commit suicide rather than try to resort to guerrilla war and prolong the fighting by another year Television Edit1957 Studio One Episode The Night America Trembled based on the Orson Welles Mercury Players performance of a radio play version of H G Wells War of the Worlds on 30 October 1938 1988 War of the Worlds Loosely based on Wells novel but is mainly a sequel to the 1953 film 1993 a planned animated series to be produced by New World Action Animation a sister division to New World Animation Limited formerly Marvel Productions and subsidiary of New World Entertainment 2 3 2001 Justice League an animated TV series adapts the main events and visuals of the novel for the three part story Secret Origins Aliens after destroying Mars attack Earth via tripods and a team of superheroes including Superman attempt to stop them 2006 The Simpsons Treehouse of Horror XVII episode The Day the Earth Looked Stupid takes the idea of the mass panic but in the end once everyone realizes it was a hoax and they won t fall for it again it turns out that aliens Kang and Kodos have successfully invaded Earth The episode ends with the two aliens confused as to why they weren t hailed as the liberators of Earth after destroying Springfield 2013 The Great Martian War 1913 1917 a science fiction docudrama told in the format of an episode on the History Channel on the centennial of the first year of the War To End All Wars 2019 The War of the Worlds A three part BBC adaptation set in Edwardian England 2019 22 War of the Worlds A twenty four episode Fox and Studio Canal adaptation set in contemporary Europe Radio Edit1938 The War of the Worlds radio the Orson Welles 1938 radio adaptation script by Howard E Koch 1944 War of the Worlds radio broadcast Santiago 1949 War of the Worlds radio broadcast Radio Quito Quito Ecuador 1950 The War of the Worlds BBC radio dramatisation adapted from the novel by Jon Manchip White 6 episodes 1955 The Lux Radio Theater War of the Worlds adaptation of the 1953 film 1967 The War of the Worlds BBC radio dramatisation using the 1950 Jon Manchip White script 6 episodes 1968 The War of the Worlds radio 1968 WKBW radio adaptation 1971 War of the Worlds radio broadcast Radio Difusora Sao Luis Brazil 1988 The War of the Worlds an NPR 50th Anniversary radio adaptation with Jason Robards using a slightly updated version of the Howard E Koch script 1998 Orson the Alien episode of Seeing Ear Theater radio comedy drama broadcast 30 October 1998 including audio snippets from Orson Welles 1938 broadcast 4 2002 The War of the Worlds Glenn Beck s Mercury Radio Arts recreates the 1938 program live on Halloween 2002 using the exact Howard E Koch script The program was sponsored by Bill s Khakis 2005 La Guerra de los Mundos radio broadcast Rock amp Pop Santiago Chile broadcast as promotion of the 2005 movie 5 2017 The War of the Worlds BBC radio dramatization adapted from the novel by Melissa Murray 2 episodes 2018 The Coming of the Martians a faithful audio dramatisation of the original 1897 story by Sherwood Sound Studios starring Colin Morgan and produced in 5 1 surround sound 2018 The Martian Invasion of Earth an audio drama adaptation for Big Finish Productions adapted by Nicholas Briggs and starring Richard Armitage and Lucy Briggs Owen 6 2019 The Day Of The Martians book 1 of The Martian Diaries trilogy by H E Wilburson An audio dramatisation sequel to The War Of The Worlds with original music by H E Wilburson First broadcast in May and June 2019 by Radio Woking 7 Music Edit1978 Jeff Wayne s Musical Version of The War of the Worlds by Jeff Wayne 2009 War of the Worlds by Marc Broude 2012 Jeff Wayne s Musical Version of The War of the Worlds The New Generation by Jeff Wayne 8 2017 War of the Worlds an opera by Annie Gosfield commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic 9 2018 War of the Worlds Pt 1 by Michael Romeo 2022 War of the Worlds Pt 2 by Michael RomeoGame Edit1978 The octopus like aliens of Space Invaders were inspired by Wells Martians as game designer Tomohiro Nishikado was a fan of the novel 10 1979 1982 The War of the Worlds arcade game an arcade game published by Cinematronics and its re released color version 1980 The War of the Worlds a war board game designed by Allen D Eldridge and published by Task Force Games 1984 The War of the Worlds 1984 computer game a home computer game based on Jeff Wayne s Musical Version of The War of the Worlds 1998 Jeff Wayne s The War of the Worlds real time strategy computer game 1999 Jeff Wayne s The War of the Worlds vehicular combat PlayStation game 2011 The War of the Worlds a 2D action platform game narrated by Patrick Stewart 2020 Grey Skies A War of the Worlds Story a stealth adventure game created by Steel Arts Software where you play as Harper as she tries to survive the invasion TBA A video game simply called War of The Worlds based on the 2005 Film is currently in development 11 Comic books Edit1946 1947 Edgar P Jacobs produced an adaptation in the pages of the Le Journal de Tintin An album released in 1986 was published by Dargaud 1955 Classics Illustrated 124 a comic book adaptation of the book 1973 1976 Amazing Adventures 18 39 featured Killraven a 21st century freedom fighter against a second Martian invasion 1977 Marvel Classics Comics 14 a comic book adaptation of the book 1978 Waldemar Andrzejewski s 20 page comic book adaptation of the novel written in Polish by J Mielczarek 1990 Sherlock Holmes in the Case of the Missing Martian published by Eternity comics is set in 1908 in the aftermath of the failed invasion The story links the theft of the body of a dead Martian from the British Museum fears of a second invasion a plot by Professor Moriarty and Holmes s retirement occupation in beekeeping 1999 Superman War of the Worlds events of the Wells book transferred to Superman s Metropolis and also involve Lois Lane and Lex Luthor 2002 2003 Volume II of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen a limited series comic book written by Alan Moore and illustrated by Kevin O Neill 2006 H G Wells The War of the Worlds comic graphic novel 2002 present Scarlet Traces a sequel to the novel appearing in 2000 AD written by Ian Edginton and illustrated by D Israeli 2018 H G Wells The War of the Worlds published by Insight Comics Other Edit1994 War of the Worlds Invasion from Mars an Audio Theatre adaption by L A Theatre Works casting Star Trek cast members like Leonard Nimoy Gates McFadden Brent Spiner and directed by John de Lancie 12 2004 2005 H G Wells The War of the Worlds a site specific theatre adaptation by Canadian playwright Ian Case staged in and around Craigdarroch Castle in Victoria British Columbia 2005 The Art of H G Wells by Ricardo Garijo the third in the series of trading cards released 13 2008 Solar Pons s War of the Worlds an online web serial set in the world of Solar Pons combining elements of the original novel the 1938 radio adaptation and the Wells short story The Crystal Egg 14 2017 War of the Worlds 2017 a mixed web media story primarily told through Twitter centered on a modern group of characters while retaining concepts from the original novel 15 2017 The Day Of The Martians book 1 of The Martian Diaries trilogy by H E Wilburson An audio dramatisation sequel to The War Of The Worlds with original music by H E Wilburson 7 2019 Lake On The Moon book 2 of The Martian Diaries trilogy by H E Wilburson An audio dramatisation sequel to The War Of The Worlds with original music by H E Wilburson 7 1938 radio adaption by Orson Welles EditMain article The War of the Worlds radio drama Orson Welles s 1938 radio broadcast on The Mercury Theatre on the Air purportedly caused public outcry as many listeners believed that an actual Martian invasion was in progress 16 although the reality of the panic is disputed as the program had relatively few listeners 17 The radio drama itself has spun off a number of productions based upon the events surrounding the broadcast including Doctor Who Invaders from Mars an audio drama released in 2002 based upon the Doctor Who television series that depicts Welles s broadcast as taking place during an actual attempted alien invasion 18 1953 first film adaptation by George Pal EditMain article The War of the Worlds 1953 film George Pal s film adaptation has many notable differences from H G Wells novel The closest resemblance is probably that of the antagonists The film s aliens are indeed Martians and invade Earth for the same reasons as those from the novel the state of Mars suggests that it is in the final stages of being able to support life leading to the Martians decision to make Earth their new home They land on Earth in the same way by crashing to the Earth However the book s spacecraft are large cylinder shaped projectiles fired from the Martian surface from some kind of cannon instead of the film s meteor like spaceships but the Martians emerge from their craft in the same way by unscrewing a large round hatch They appear to have no use for humans in the film In the novel they are observed directly feeding on humans by draining their victims blood using pipettes there is also a speculation about them eventually using human slaves to hunt down all remaining human survivors after the Martians conquer Earth In the film the Martians do not bring the novel s fast growing red weed with them but they are defeated by Earth microorganisms as observed in the novel However they die from the effects of the microorganisms within three days of the landing of the first meteor ship in the novel the Martians die within about three weeks of their invasion of England The Martians themselves bear no physical resemblance to the novel s Martians The novel s aliens are bear sized bulky creatures whose bodies are described as merely heads with a beak like mouth sixteen tentacles and two luminous disk like eyes Their film counterparts are short reddish brown creatures with two long thin arms with three long suction cup like fingers The Martian s head if it can be called that is a broad face at the top front of its broad shouldered upper torso the only apparent feature of which is a single large eye with three distinctly colored lenses The Martians lower extremities whatever they may be are never shown Some speculative designs for the creature suggest the idea of three thin legs resembling their fingers while others show them as a biped with short stubby legs with three toed feet The film s Martian war machines do actually have more of a resemblance than they may seem at first glance The book s machines are Tripods and carry the heat ray projector on an articulated arm connected to the front of the war machine s main body The film s machines are deliberately shaped like manta rays with a bulbous elongated green window at the front through which the aliens observe their surroundings On top of the machine is the cobra like heat ray attached to a long narrow neck like extension They can be mistaken for flying machines but Dr Forrester states that they are lifted by invisible legs in one scene when the first machine emerges you can see faint traces of three energy legs beneath and three sparking traces where the three energy shafts touch the burning ground Therefore technically speaking the film s war machines are indeed tripods though they are never given that designation Whereas the novel s war machines had no protection against artillery the film s war machines have a force field surrounding them this invisible shield is described by Dr Forrester as a protective blister The Martian weaponry is also partially unchanged The heat ray has the very same effect as that of the novel However the novel s heat ray is briefly described as having a spinning disk held up by a mechanical arm when first seen it fires in a wide arc while still in the pit where the Martians first land The film s heat ray is shaped like a cobra s hood with a single red pulsing eye which possibly acts like a targeting telescope for the Martians The book describes another weapon the black smoke used to kill all life the war machines fire projectiles containing a black powder through a bazooka like tube accessory The black powder when dispersed seems to have the same effect on life as the mustard gas of the First World War This weapon is replaced in the film by the skeleton beam which fires green pulsing bursts of energy from the tips of the Manta Ray body The skeleton beams cause objects and people to disintegrate The plot of the film is very different from the novel The novel tells the story of a late 19th century journalist who journeys through Victorian London and environs while the Martians attack eventually being reunited with his wife the film s protagonist is a California scientist who falls in love with a college instructor after the Martian attack begins However certain points of the plot are similar to the novel from the crash landing of the Martian meteor ships to their eventual defeat by Earth s microorganisms Doctor Forrester also goes through some of which befalls the book s narrator like his ordeal in a destroyed house and seeing an actual Martian up close The film is given more of a Cold War theme with its use of the Atomic Bomb against the enemy and the mass destruction that such a global war would inflict on mankind Unreleased adaptations EditAfter the Second World War Ray Harryhausen shot a scene of a dying alien falling out of a Martian war machine It test footage for an abandoned project to adapt the story using Wells original octopus concept for the Martians A video of the original footage can be found on YouTube 19 Here Harryhausen talks about his proposed adaptation Yes originally after Mighty Joe Young I made a lot of sketches for War of the Worlds I wanted to keep it in the period that H G Wells wrote it of the Victorian period and I made eight big drawings some of which are published in the book and it would have been an interesting picture if it was made years ago But since then so many pictures of that nature have been made that it wouldn t be quite unique as it would have been 20 Sequels by other authors EditWithin six weeks of the novel s original 1897 magazine serialisation The Boston Post began running a sequel Edison s Conquest of Mars by Garrett P Serviss about an Earth counter attack against the Martians led by Thomas Edison Though this is actually a sequel to Fighters from Mars a revised and un authorised re print they both were first printed in the Boston Post in 1898 21 The War of the Wenuses by E V Lucas and C L Graves 1898 is a parody of Wells s novel In it London is invaded by Venusian women intent on raiding major department stores notably Whiteley s They can render men insensible using a mash glance a masher was period slang for an attractive young woman so London s womenfolk resist them instead In 1962 Soviet author Lazar Lagin published a political pamphlet named Major Well Andyou Major Vell Endyu a pun on Well and you which relates the story of a major in the British Army who collaborates with the Martian invaders Lagin used the story to express current trends of communist thought in the Soviet Union and injected analysis of political issues contemporary to the 1950s and 1960s The Second War of the Worlds by George H Smith concerned the Martians trying to invade an alternate less technologically advanced Earth Helping these people are an unnamed English detective and his companion a doctor from our world It is quite obvious from clues in the story that these are actually Sherlock Holmes and Dr John Watson In the 1970s Marvel Comics had a character named Killraven Warrior of the Worlds who in an alternative timeline fought H G Wells Martians after their second invasion of Earth in 2001 He first appeared in Amazing Adventures volume 2 18 Manly Wade Wellman and his son Wade Wellman wrote Sherlock Holmes War of the Worlds 1975 which describes Sherlock Holmes s adventures during the Martian occupation of London This version uses Wells short story The Crystal Egg as a prequel with Holmes being the man who bought the egg at the end and includes a crossover with Arthur Conan Doyle s Professor Challenger stories Among many changes the Martians are changed into simple vampires who suck and ingest human blood In The Space Machine Christopher Priest presents both a sequel and prequel to The War of the Worlds due to time travel elements which also integrates the events of The Time Machine In the novel W G Grace s Last Case 1984 by Willie Rushton W G Grace and Doctor Watson avert a second Martian invasion by attacking the Martian fleet on the far side of the moon with bombs containing influenza germs The comic book Scarlet Traces 2002 begins a decade later with Great Britain utilising the Martians technology and ironic to the allegory of Wells novel have become more powerful because of it Eventually this leads up to a counter invasion aimed for Mars in its own sequel Scarlet Traces The Great Game 2006 Science fiction author Eric Brown wrote a short story Ulla Ulla 2002 about an expedition to Mars finding the truth behind H G Wells novel The London Pen La cage de Londres 2003 22 by French Canadian author Jean Pierre Guillet takes place one hundred years after a second successful Martian invasion Humans are penned like cattle and milked regularly by their new masters who feed on their blood Andrew Norris published Solar Pons War of the Worlds in The Solar Pons Gazette Volume 3 1 December 2008 pp 19 33 In it Solar Pons the Sherlock Holmes pastiche detective created by August Derleth is involved along with H G Wells in a Martian invasion in 1938 23 C A Powell s The Last Days of Thunder Child Victorian Britain in chaos 2013 tells the story from the perspective of the crew of HMS Thunder Child here a pre dreadnought rather than the torpedo ram in the original novel A sequel The Last Days of the Fighting Machine The Martian Apocalypse of Victorian Britain 2019 tells the story of the fightback once the Martians start being weakened by disease showing a variety of points of view including members of the crew of a French warship Mike Brunton s War of the Worlds The Anglo Martian War of 1895 Dark Osprey Book 9 is a 2015 pseudo factual military history of the Martian invasion by a respected military history publisher It sets the war at the time Wells wrote the novel rather than in the early 20th century as specified by Wells in his book A number of people have written contemporaneously set stories that describe the same invasion from the perspectives of locations other than Britain Notable stories of this type are Night of the Cooters by Howard Waldrop in which a Martian war machine lands in Texas Foreign Devils by Walter Jon Williams set in China War of the Worlds Global Dispatches edited by Kevin J Anderson an anthology of such stories ISBN 0 553 10353 9 War of the Worlds New Millennium 2005 by Douglas Niles in which the invasion is set in 2005 and focuses mainly on the American fightback ISBN 0 765 35000 9 Tor Books Kevin J Anderson writing as Gabriel Mesta later wrote The Martian War A Thrilling Eyewitness Account of the Recent Invasion As Reported by Mr H G Wells 2006 It recounts the Martian invasion from a variety of viewpoints and has ties to Wells s other work In the short story Mastery of Vesania Hayden Lee uses his appropriation to present the invasion from the perspective of the Martian invaders also providing the link between the different nature of the two invasions presented in the book and the 2005 film arriving from space and rising from the ground Steffen Konig wrote a prequel entitled Die Damonen vom Ullswater The Demons of Ullswater published 2014 by Wurdack Verlag Germany Set in 1894 the protagonist a young lawyer from London encounters an early scouting party of the Martians near lake Ullswater in Cumberland UK ISBN 978 3955560058 Scott Washburn has written five novels between 2016 and 2019 starting with The Great Martian War Invasion about a second Martian invasion in 1909 and the resultant battlefronts Much of this is set in the USA The New York Times best selling author Stephen Baxter has a novel length sequel entitled The Massacre of Mankind released on 19 January 2017 24 He has also written a novella entitled The Martian in the Wood also 2017 Mark Gardner and John J Rust s War of the Worlds Retaliation 2017 posits a human invasion of Mars in 1924 using captured Martian technology and led by historical characters including George Patton Erwin Rommel Charles de Gaulle and Georgy Zhukov Indie author D G Leigh has written two novellas Sherlock Holmes Vs The War of the Worlds 2015 25 The original Wells invasion as experienced by Mr Sherlock Holmes and Dr John Watson The second publication takes places twenty years later This time the protagonist is the teenage son of the Journalist living in the Artilleryman s subterranean metropolis 26 The title of this story is identical to Stephen Baxter s official release The Massacre of Mankind 2017 The Martian Diaries trilogy by H E Wilburson a sequel to The War Of The Worlds continues in 1913 with original characters facing a new Martian invasion and a terrible doomsday weapon in book 1 The Day Of The Martians A sinister discovery in 1919 in book 2 Lake On The Moon reveals that our planet is in great peril from Red Weed first brought to Earth by the Martians Following in the footsteps of the astronomer Ogilvy Jack Stent adds to The Martian Diaries as he embarks on a desperate space mission to find a cure for the Martian plague in book 3 Gateway To Mars 7 The 2019 speculative fiction book Spacecraft of the First World War A Compendium of Fighting Vessels of the Great Powers by William Flogg details a fictional alternate history stemming from the aftermath of the Martian invasion Documented in the style of a fictional vessel encyclopedia the book details the next few decades after the invasion as humanity discovers the abandoned life support and anti gravity devices used by the Martians to survive the transit to Earth and reverse engineers the technology to create interplanetary warships and the effects this had on history namely the events of the First World War which in light of the new advancements in technology spreads beyond terrestrial Earth and into the solar system and humanity s attempts to explore space despite the conflict In Robert Heinlein s The Number of the Beast the protagonists visit several different versions of Mars One of them is the home planet of the Martians who invaded Earth and who i n this alterante history managed to hold on to their conquest The protagonists encounter tribes of humans living in the Martian wilds descendants of captive humans who had been transported to Mars by the conquerors and there managed to escape Also on Mars the wild humans still speak Cockney English while the Martians obedient slaves seem descended mainly from upper class Englishmen In a loose way John Christopher s Tripods trilogy can also be considered a sequel to War of the Worlds since it depicts the Earth under the rule of invaders from space who move about on giant tripods and the struggle of Humanity to get free of them though in Christopher s version the invaders come from much further away than Mars and are different in many crucial ways from Wells Martians References Edit Miller Thomas Kent Mars in the Movies A History Jefferson North Carolina McFarland amp Company 2016 ISBN 978 0 7864 9914 4 New World forms two new kidvid banners Variety 8 December 1992 Retrieved 27 May 2014 New World Expands TV Program Activities Los Angeles Times 9 December 1992 Retrieved 27 May 2014 Dumb com Old Time Radio Show Episode XXXXXX 56 Orson the Alien MP3 Archived from the original on 12 January 2020 Retrieved 12 January 2020 R amp P Alerta Capitulo 1 Archived from the original on 15 December 2021 Retrieved 8 December 2017 via YouTube 14 The Martian Invasion of Earth Big Finish Classics Bigfinish com a b c d The Martian Diaries The War Of The Worlds Sequel Martiandiaries com Retrieved 24 June 2022 The War of The Worlds The War of The Worlds Retrieved 24 June 2022 Walls Seth Colter 13 November 2017 Review A Fake News Opera on the Streets of Los Angeles The New York Times Retrieved 1 November 2018 Kiphshidze N Zubiashvili T Chagunava K October 2005 The Creation of Space Invaders Edge No 154 Future plc pp 7 13 War of the Worlds New Survival Gameplay Highlights retrieved 16 November 2022 SonicWALL Blocked by Application Firewall Archived from the original on 27 July 2011 Retrieved 23 January 2010 War of the Worlds trading cards from Monsterwax Monsterwax com Retrieved 24 June 2022 The Solar Pons Gazette PDF Solarpons com December 2008 Retrieved 24 June 2022 War of the Worlds 2017 War of the Worlds 2017 Retrieved 24 June 2022 Lovgren Stefan 17 June 2005 War of the Worlds Behind the 1938 Radio Show Panic National Geographic Retrieved 7 October 2018 Pooley Jefferson Socolow Michael 28 October 2013 The Myth of the War of the Worlds Panic Slate Retrieved 29 September 2016 Errors Big Finish Archived from the original on 20 April 2021 Retrieved 24 June 2022 Ray Harryhausen War of the Worlds Martian Retrieved 24 June 2022 via YouTube Ray Harryhausen and Nick Park Archived from the original on 21 November 2008 Retrieved 24 June 2022 Edison s Conquest of Mars Foreword by Robert Godwin Apogee Books 2005 La Cage de Londres Alire com Retrieved 31 May 2017 Norris Andrew December 2008 Solar Pons War of the Worlds PDF The Solar Pons Gazette 3 1 19 33 Baxter Stephen 19 January 2017 The Massacre of Mankind Gollancz The Massacre of Mankind Amazon co uk Retrieved 24 June 2022 The War of the Worlds Vanguard Bright Ideas January 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of works based on The War of the Worlds amp oldid 1129509589, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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