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List of nearest exoplanets

January 01, 1970

There are 5,662 known exoplanets, or planets outside the Solar System that orbit a star, as of May 1, 2024; only a small fraction of these are located in the vicinity of the Solar System.[3] Within 10 parsecs (32.6 light-years), there are 104 exoplanets listed as confirmed by the NASA Exoplanet Archive.[note 1][4] Among the over 500 known stars and brown dwarfs within 10 parsecs,[5][note 2] around 60 have been confirmed to have planetary systems; 51 stars in this range are visible to the naked eye,[note 3][7] eight of which have planetary systems.

Fomalhaut b (Dagon), 25 light-years away, with its parent star Fomalhaut blacked out, as pictured by Hubble in 2012.[1] In 2020 this object was determined to be an expanding debris cloud from a collision of asteroids rather than a planet.[2]
Distribution of nearest known exoplanets as of March 2018

The first report of an exoplanet within this range was in 1998 for a planet orbiting around Gliese 876 (15.3 light-years (ly) away), and the latest as of 2023 are two around Gliese 367 (30.7 ly). The closest exoplanets are those found orbiting the star closest to the Solar System, which is Proxima Centauri 4.25 light-years away. The first confirmed exoplanet discovered in the Proxima Centauri system was Proxima Centauri b, in 2016. HD 219134 (21.6 ly) has six exoplanets, the highest number discovered for any star within this range.

Most known nearby exoplanets orbit close to their stars. A majority are significantly larger than Earth, but a few have similar masses, including planets around YZ Ceti, Gliese 367, and Proxima Centauri which may be less massive than Earth. Several confirmed exoplanets are hypothesized to be potentially habitable, with Proxima Centauri b and GJ 1002 b (15.8 ly) considered among the most likely candidates.[8] The International Astronomical Union has assigned proper names to some known extrasolar bodies, including nearby exoplanets, through the NameExoWorlds project. Planets named in the 2015 event include the planets around Epsilon Eridani (10.5 ly) and Fomalhaut,[note 4][11] while planets named in the 2022 event include those around Gliese 436, Gliese 486, and Gliese 367.[12]

Exoplanets within 10 parsecs edit

Key to colors
° Mercury, Earth and Jupiter (for comparison purposes)
# Confirmed multiplanetary systems
↑ Exoplanets believed to be potentially habitable[8]
Confirmed exoplanets[4]
Host star system Companion exoplanet (in order from star) Notes and additional planetary observations
Name Distance
(ly)
Apparent
magnitude
(V) 		Mass
(M☉)
Label
[note 5] 		Mass
(ME)[note 6]
 		Radius
(R🜨)
Semi-major axis
(AU)
Orbital period
(days)
Eccentricity
Inclination
(°)
Discovery
method 		Discovery year
Sun° 0.000016 −26.7 1 Mercury 0.055 0.3829 0.387 88.0 0.205 — — — —
Earth 1 1 1 365.3 0.0167 — — —
Jupiter 317.8 10.973 5.20 4,333 0.0488 — — —
Proxima Centauri# 4.2465 11.13 0.123 d ≥0.26 — 0.0289 5.122 0.04 — RV 2022 [14][15] one disputed candidate (c)[16][17][18][19]
b↑ ≥1.07 — 0.0486 11.19 0.02 — RV 2016
Lalande 21185# 8.304 7.52 0.46 b ≥2.69 — 0.0788 12.94 0.06 — RV 2019 1 candidate[20]
c ≥13.6 — 2.94 2,946 0.13 — RV 2021
Epsilon Eridani 10.489 3.73 0.781 Ægir 242 — 3.53 2,689 0.26 166.5 RV 2000 1 inferred planet, 1 or possibly 2 inner debris discs, and an outer disc[21][22]
Lacaille 9352# 10.724 7.34 0.489 b ≥4.2 — 0.068 9.262 0.03 — RV 2019 1 candidate[23][24]
c ≥7.6 — 0.120 21.79 0.03 — RV 2019
Ross 128 11.007 11.1 0.168 b↑ ≥1.40 — 0.0496 9.866 0.12 — RV 2017 [25]
Groombridge 34 A# 11.619 8.1 0.38 b ≥3.03 — 0.072 11.44 0.09 ~54? RV 2014 [26][27]
c ≥36 — 5.4 7,600 0.27 ~54? RV 2018
Epsilon Indi A 11.867 4.83 0.762 b 941 — 11.08 15,700 0.42 98.7 RV 2018 [28][22]
Tau Ceti# 11.912 3.50 0.78 g ≥1.75 — 0.133 20.0 0.06 ~35? RV 2017 4 candidates
[29][30][8][31][32][33]
h ≥1.8 — 0.243 49.4 0.23 ~35? RV 2017
e ≥3.9 — 0.538 163 0.18 ~35? RV 2017
f ≥3.9 — 1.33 640 0.16 ~35? RV 2017
GJ 1061# 11.984 7.52 0.113 b ≥1.37 — 0.021 3.204 <0.31 — RV 2019 two solutions for d's orbit[34]
c↑ ≥1.74 — 0.035 6.689 <0.29 — RV 2019
d↑ ≥1.64 — 0.054 13.03 <0.53 — RV 2019
YZ Ceti# 12.122 12.1 0.130 b ≥0.70 — 0.0163 2.021 0.06 — RV 2017 [35]
c ≥1.14 — 0.0216 3.060 0.0 — RV 2017
d ≥1.09 — 0.0285 4.656 0.07 — RV 2017
Luyten's Star# 12.348 11.94 0.29 c ≥1.18 — 0.0365 4.723 0.10 — RV 2017 [36][23]
b↑ ≥2.89 — 0.0911 18.65 0.17 — RV 2017
d ≥10.8 — 0.712 414 0.17 — RV 2019
e ≥9.3 — 0.849 542 0.03 — RV 2019
Teegarden's Star# 12.497 15.40 0.08 b↑ ≥1.05 — 0.0252 4.910 0 — RV 2019 [37]
c↑ ≥1.11 — 0.0443 11.41 0 — RV 2019
Wolf 1061# 14.050 10.1 0.25 b ≥1.91 — 0.0375 4.887 0.15 — RV 2015 [36]
c↑ ≥3.41 — 0.0890 17.87 0.11 — RV 2015
d ≥7.7 — 0.470 217 0.55 — RV 2015
TZ Arietis 14.578 12.30 0.14 b ≥67 — 0.88 771 0.46 — RV 2019 2 refuted candidates[23][38][39]
Gliese 687# 14.839 9.15 0.41 b ≥17.2 — 0.163 38.14 0.17 — RV 2014 [23][38]
c ≥16.0 — 1.165 728 0.40 — RV 2019
Gliese 674 14.849 9.38 0.35 b ≥11.1 — 0.039 4.694 0.20 — RV 2007 [40]
Gliese 876# 15.238 10.2 0.33 d 6.68 — 0.0210 1.938 0.04 56.7 RV 2005 [41]
c 235 — 0.1309 30.10 0.26 56.7 RV 2000
b 749 — 0.2098 61.10 0.03 56.7 RV 1998
e 16 — 0.3355 123.6 0.05 56.7 RV 2010
GJ 1002# 15.806 13.84 0.12 b↑ ≥1.08 — 0.0457 10.35 — — RV 2022 [42]
c↑ ≥1.36 — 0.0738 21.2 — — RV 2022
Gliese 832 16.200 8.67 0.45 b 315 — 3.7 3,853 0.05 51 or 134 RV 2008 1 refuted candidate[43][44]
GJ 3323# 17.531 12.2 0.164 b ≥2.0 — 0.0328 5.36 0.2 — RV 2017 [45]
c ≥2.3 — 0.126 40.5 0.2 — RV 2017
Gliese 251 18.215 9.65 0.372 b ≥4.0 — 0.0818 14.2 0.10 — RV 2020 [46]
Gliese 229 A# 18.791 8.14 0.58 c↑ ≥7.3 — 0.339 122 0.19 — RV 2020 Ab not confirmed until 2020.[47]
b ≥8.5 — 0.898 526 0.10 — RV 2014
Gliese 752 A 19.292 9.13 0.46 b ≥13.6 — 0.338 106 0.03 — RV 2018 [48][23]
82 G. Eridani# 19.704 4.26 0.85 b ≥2.7 — 0.121 18.3 ~0 — RV 2011 2 candidates
[49][50][51]
c ≥2.4 — 0.204 40.1 ~0 — RV 2011
d ≥4.8 — 0.350 90 ~0 — RV 2011
e ≥4.8 — 0.509 147 0.29 — RV 2017
EQ Pegasi A 20.400 10.38 0.436 b 718 — 0.643 284 0.35 69.2 Astrometry 2022 [52]
Gliese 581# 20.549 10.5 0.31 e ≥1.7 — 0.0282 3.15 0.0 ~45? RV 2009 3 refuted candidates and a disc
[53][54][55][56]
b ≥16 — 0.0406 5.37 0.0 ~45? RV 2005
c ≥5.5 — 0.072 12.9 0.0 ~45? RV 2007
Gliese 338 B 20.658 7.0 0.64 b ≥10.3 — 0.141 24.5 0.11 — RV 2020 [57]
Gliese 625 21.131 10.2 0.30 b ≥2.8 — 0.0784 14.6 ~0.1 — RV 2017 [58]
HD 219134# 21.336 5.57 0.78 b 4.7 1.60 0.0388 3.09 ~0 85.05 RV 2015 [59][60][61]
c 4.4 1.51 0.065 6.77 0.062 87.28 RV 2015
d ≥16 — 0.237 46.9 0.138 ~87? RV 2015
f ≥7.3 — 0.146 22.7 0.148 ~87? RV 2015
g ≥11 — 0.375 94.2 0 ~87? RV 2015
h (e) ≥108 — 3.11 2,247 0.06 ~87? RV 2015
LTT 1445 A# 22.387 10.53 0.26 c 1.54 1.15 0.0266 3.12 <0.22 87.43 Transit 2021 [62][63]
b 2.87 1.30 0.0381 5.36 <0.11 89.68 Transit 2019
Gliese 393 22.953 8.65 0.41 b ≥1.71 — 0.0540 7.03 0.00 — RV 2019 [23][64]
Gliese 667 C# 23.623 10.2 0.33 b ≥5.4 — 0.049 7.20 0.13 ~52? RV 2009 5 dubious candidates
[65][8][66][67][23]
c↑ ≥3.9 — 0.1251 28.2 0.03 ~52? RV 2011
Gliese 514 24.878 9.03 0.53 b ≥5.2 — 0.421 140 0.45 — RV 2022 [68]
Gliese 486 26.351 11.395 0.32 Su 2.8 1.31 0.0173 1.47 <0.05 88.4 Transit 2021 [69]
Gliese 686 26.613 9.58 0.42 b ≥7.1 — 0.097 15.5 0.04 — RV 2019 [70][23]
61 Virginis# 27.836 4.74 0.95 b ≥5.1 — 0.0502 4.22 ~0.1 ~77? RV 2009 a debris disc,[71] 1 disputed candidate[72]
c ≥18 — 0.218 38.0 0.14 ~77? RV 2009
CD Ceti 28.052 14.001 0.161 b ≥3.95 — 0.0185 2.29 0 — RV 2020 [73]
Gliese 785# 28.739 6.13 0.78 b ≥17 — 0.32 75 0.13 — RV 2010 [74]
c ≥24 — 1.18 530 ~0.3 — RV 2011
Gliese 849# 28.750 10.4 0.49 b ≥270 — 2.26 1,910 0.05 — RV 2006 [75][23]
c ≥300 — 4.82 5,520 0.087 — RV 2006
Gliese 433# 29.605 9.79 0.48 b ≥6.0 — 0.062 7.37 0.04 — RV 2009 [76][23][47]
d ≥5.2 — 0.178 36.1 0.07 — RV 2020
c ≥32 — 4.82 5,090 0.12 — RV 2012
HD 102365 A 30.396 4.89 0.85 b ≥16 — 0.46 122 0.34 — RV 2010 [77]
Gliese 367 30.719 9.98 0.45 Tahay 0.55 0.72 0.0071 0.32 0 80.75 Transit 2021 [78]
Gliese 357# 30.776 10.9 0.34 b 6.1 1.17 0.035 3.93 0.02 88.92 Transit 2019 [79][23]
c ≥3.6 — 0.061 9.13 0.04 ~89? RV 2019
d↑ ≥7.7 — 0.204 55.7 0.03 ~89? RV 2019
Gliese 176 30.937 10.1 0.45 b ≥8.0 — 0.066 8.77 0.08 — RV 2007 1 disputed candidate[80][81][23]
GJ 3512# 30.976 13.11 0.123 b ≥147 — 0.338 204 0.44 — RV 2019 [82]
c ≥54 — >1.2 >1390 — — RV 2019
Wolf 1069 31.229 13.99 0.167 b↑ ≥1.26 — 0.0672 15.6 — — RV 2023 [83]
AU Microscopii# 31.683 8.63 0.50 b 17 4.38 0.0645 8.463 0.10 89.03 Transit 2020 [84][85]
c <28 3.51 0.1101 18.86 0 88.62 Transit 2020
Gliese 436 31.882 10.67 0.41 Awohali 21.4 4.33 0.0280 2.64 0.15 85.8 RV 2004 [86][87]
Gliese 49 32.158 8.9 0.57 b ≥16.4 — 0.106 17.3 0.03 — RV 2019 [88]
HD 260655# 32.608 9.77 0.439 b 2.14 1.240 0.0293 2.780 0.039 87.35 Transit 2022 [89]
c 3.09 1.533 0.0475 5.706 0.038 87.79 Transit 2022

Excluded objects edit

Unlike for bodies within the Solar System, there is no clearly established method for officially recognizing an exoplanet. According to the International Astronomical Union, an exoplanet should be considered confirmed if it has not been disputed for five years after its discovery.[90] There have been examples where the existence of exoplanets has been proposed, but even after follow-up studies their existence is still considered doubtful by some astronomers. Such cases include Wolf 359 (7.9 ly, in 2019),[23] LHS 288 (15.8 ly, in 2007),[91] Gliese 682 (16.3 ly, in 2014),[47] 40 Eridani A (16.3 ly, in 2018),[92][72] and GJ 1151 (26.2 ly, in 2021).[93][94][95] There are also several instances where proposed exoplanets were later disproved by subsequent studies, including candidates around Alpha Centauri B (4.36 ly),[96] Barnard's Star (5.96 ly),[97][98] Kapteyn's Star (12.8 ly),[99] Van Maanen 2 (14.1 ly),[100] Groombridge 1618 (15.9 ly),[101] AD Leonis (16.2 ly),[102] VB 10 (19.3 ly),[103] and Fomalhaut (25.1 ly).[2]

In 2021, a candidate planet was detected around Vega, though it has yet to be confirmed.[104] Another candidate planet, Candidate 1, was directly imaged around Alpha Centauri A, though it may also be a clump of asteroids or an artifact of the discovery mechanism.[105]

The Working Group on Extrasolar Planets of the International Astronomical Union adopted in 2003 a working definition on the upper limit for what constitutes a planet: not being massive enough to sustain thermonuclear fusion of deuterium. Some studies have calculated this to be somewhere around 13 times the mass of Jupiter, and therefore objects more massive than this are usually classified as brown dwarfs.[106] Some proposed candidate exoplanets have been shown to be massive enough to fall above the threshold, and thus are likely brown dwarfs, as is the case for: SCR 1845-6357 B (13.1 ly),[107] SDSS J1416+1348 B (30.3 ly),[108] and WISE 1217+1626 B (30 ly).[109]

Excluded from the current list are known examples of potential free-floating sub-brown dwarfs, or "rogue planets", which are bodies that are too small to undergo fusion yet they do not revolve around a star. Known such examples include: WISE 0855−0714 (7.4 ly),[110] UGPS 0722-05, (13.4 ly)[111] WISE 1541−2250 (18.6 ly),[112] and SIMP J01365663+0933473 (20.0 ly).[113]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Listed values are primarily taken from NASA Exoplanet Archive,[4] but other databases include a few additional exoplanet entries tagged as "Confirmed" that have yet to be compiled into the NASA archive. Such databases include:
    "Exoplanet Catalog". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. 1995. Full table.
    "Exoplanets Data Explorer". Exoplanet Orbit Database. California Planet Survey. Click the "+" button to visualize additional parameters.
    . Click the "Show options" to visualize additional parameters. Archived from the original on 2017-09-02. Retrieved 2015-02-14.
  2. ^ For reference, the 100th closest known star system in April 2021 was EQ Pegasi (20.4 ly).[5]
  3. ^ According to the Bortle scale, an astronomical object is visible to the naked eye under "typical" dark-sky conditions in a rural area if it has an apparent magnitude smaller than +6.5. To the unaided eye, the limiting magnitude is +7.6 to +8.0 under "excellent" dark-sky conditions (with effort).[6]
  4. ^ The star Epsilon Eridani was named Ran (after Rán, the Norse goddess of the sea), and the planet Epsilon Eridani b was named AEgir (after Ægir, Rán's husband),[9] while the planet Fomalhaut b was named Dagon (after Dagon, an ancient Syrian “fish god”[10]).[11]
  5. ^ Exoplanet naming convention assigns uncapitalized letters starting from b to each planet based on chronological order of their initial report, and in increasing order of distance from the parent star for planets reported at the same time. Omitted letters signify planets that have yet to be confirmed, or planets that have been retracted altogether.
  6. ^ Most reported exoplanet masses have very large error margins (typically, between 10% and 30%). The mass of an exoplanet has generally been inferred from measurements on changes in the radial velocity of the host star, but this kind of measurement only allows for an estimate on the exoplanet's orbital parameters, but not on their orbital inclination (i). As such, most exoplanets only have an estimated minimum mass (Mreal*sin(i)), where their true masses are statistically expected to come close to this minimum, with only about 13% chance for the mass of an exoplanet to be more than double its minimum mass.[13]

References edit

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External links edit

  • "Extrasolar Planets". The Planetary Society. Planetary.org.
  • "Extrasolar Planets News". Science Daily.
  • "Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System". Exoplanet Exploration Program and Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. 2015-12-16.
  • . BBC. Archived from the original on 2018-02-13. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  • "PHL's Exoplanets Catalog". Planetary Habitability Laboratory. UPR Arecibo. 2018-03-02.
  • Onsi Fakhouri. "Exoplanet Orbit Database". Exoplanet Data Explorer. Exoplanets.org.
  • "NASA Exoplanet Archive". Caltech.
  • "Stars Within 20 Light Years". Atlas of the Universe.

January 01, 1970
list, nearest, exoplanets, there, known, exoplanets, planets, outside, solar, system, that, orbit, star, 2024, only, small, fraction, these, located, vicinity, solar, system, within, parsecs, light, years, there, exoplanets, listed, confirmed, nasa, exoplanet,. There are 5 662 known exoplanets or planets outside the Solar System that orbit a star as of May 1 2024 only a small fraction of these are located in the vicinity of the Solar System 3 Within 10 parsecs 32 6 light years there are 104 exoplanets listed as confirmed by the NASA Exoplanet Archive note 1 4 Among the over 500 known stars and brown dwarfs within 10 parsecs 5 note 2 around 60 have been confirmed to have planetary systems 51 stars in this range are visible to the naked eye note 3 7 eight of which have planetary systems Fomalhaut b Dagon 25 light years away with its parent star Fomalhaut blacked out as pictured by Hubble in 2012 1 In 2020 this object was determined to be an expanding debris cloud from a collision of asteroids rather than a planet 2 Distribution of nearest known exoplanets as of March 2018 The first report of an exoplanet within this range was in 1998 for a planet orbiting around Gliese 876 15 3 light years ly away and the latest as of 2023 are two around Gliese 367 30 7 ly The closest exoplanets are those found orbiting the star closest to the Solar System which is Proxima Centauri 4 25 light years away The first confirmed exoplanet discovered in the Proxima Centauri system was Proxima Centauri b in 2016 HD 219134 21 6 ly has six exoplanets the highest number discovered for any star within this range Most known nearby exoplanets orbit close to their stars A majority are significantly larger than Earth but a few have similar masses including planets around YZ Ceti Gliese 367 and Proxima Centauri which may be less massive than Earth Several confirmed exoplanets are hypothesized to be potentially habitable with Proxima Centauri b and GJ 1002 b 15 8 ly considered among the most likely candidates 8 The International Astronomical Union has assigned proper names to some known extrasolar bodies including nearby exoplanets through the NameExoWorlds project Planets named in the 2015 event include the planets around Epsilon Eridani 10 5 ly and Fomalhaut note 4 11 while planets named in the 2022 event include those around Gliese 436 Gliese 486 and Gliese 367 12 Contents 1 Exoplanets within 10 parsecs 1 1 Excluded objects 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksExoplanets within 10 parsecs editKey to colors Mercury Earth and Jupiter for comparison purposes Confirmed multiplanetary systems Exoplanets believed to be potentially habitable 8 Confirmed exoplanets 4 Host star system Companion exoplanet in order from star Notes and additional planetary observations Name Distance ly Apparentmagnitude V Mass M Label note 5 Mass ME note 6 Radius R Semi major axis AU Orbital period days Eccentricity Inclination Discoverymethod Discovery year Sun 0 000016 26 7 1 Mercury 0 055 0 3829 0 387 88 0 0 205 Earth 1 1 1 365 3 0 0167 Jupiter 317 8 10 973 5 20 4 333 0 0488 Proxima Centauri 4 2465 11 13 0 123 d 0 26 0 0289 5 122 0 04 RV 2022 14 15 one disputed candidate c 16 17 18 19 b 1 07 0 0486 11 19 0 02 RV 2016 Lalande 21185 8 304 7 52 0 46 b 2 69 0 0788 12 94 0 06 RV 2019 1 candidate 20 c 13 6 2 94 2 946 0 13 RV 2021 Epsilon Eridani 10 489 3 73 0 781 AEgir 242 3 53 2 689 0 26 166 5 RV 2000 1 inferred planet 1 or possibly 2 inner debris discs and an outer disc 21 22 Lacaille 9352 10 724 7 34 0 489 b 4 2 0 068 9 262 0 03 RV 2019 1 candidate 23 24 c 7 6 0 120 21 79 0 03 RV 2019 Ross 128 11 007 11 1 0 168 b 1 40 0 0496 9 866 0 12 RV 2017 25 Groombridge 34 A 11 619 8 1 0 38 b 3 03 0 072 11 44 0 09 54 RV 2014 26 27 c 36 5 4 7 600 0 27 54 RV 2018 Epsilon Indi A 11 867 4 83 0 762 b 941 11 08 15 700 0 42 98 7 RV 2018 28 22 Tau Ceti 11 912 3 50 0 78 g 1 75 0 133 20 0 0 06 35 RV 2017 4 candidates 29 30 8 31 32 33 h 1 8 0 243 49 4 0 23 35 RV 2017 e 3 9 0 538 163 0 18 35 RV 2017 f 3 9 1 33 640 0 16 35 RV 2017 GJ 1061 11 984 7 52 0 113 b 1 37 0 021 3 204 lt 0 31 RV 2019 two solutions for d s orbit 34 c 1 74 0 035 6 689 lt 0 29 RV 2019 d 1 64 0 054 13 03 lt 0 53 RV 2019 YZ Ceti 12 122 12 1 0 130 b 0 70 0 0163 2 021 0 06 RV 2017 35 c 1 14 0 0216 3 060 0 0 RV 2017 d 1 09 0 0285 4 656 0 07 RV 2017 Luyten s Star 12 348 11 94 0 29 c 1 18 0 0365 4 723 0 10 RV 2017 36 23 b 2 89 0 0911 18 65 0 17 RV 2017 d 10 8 0 712 414 0 17 RV 2019 e 9 3 0 849 542 0 03 RV 2019 Teegarden s Star 12 497 15 40 0 08 b 1 05 0 0252 4 910 0 RV 2019 37 c 1 11 0 0443 11 41 0 RV 2019 Wolf 1061 14 050 10 1 0 25 b 1 91 0 0375 4 887 0 15 RV 2015 36 c 3 41 0 0890 17 87 0 11 RV 2015 d 7 7 0 470 217 0 55 RV 2015 TZ Arietis 14 578 12 30 0 14 b 67 0 88 771 0 46 RV 2019 2 refuted candidates 23 38 39 Gliese 687 14 839 9 15 0 41 b 17 2 0 163 38 14 0 17 RV 2014 23 38 c 16 0 1 165 728 0 40 RV 2019 Gliese 674 14 849 9 38 0 35 b 11 1 0 039 4 694 0 20 RV 2007 40 Gliese 876 15 238 10 2 0 33 d 6 68 0 0210 1 938 0 04 56 7 RV 2005 41 c 235 0 1309 30 10 0 26 56 7 RV 2000 b 749 0 2098 61 10 0 03 56 7 RV 1998 e 16 0 3355 123 6 0 05 56 7 RV 2010 GJ 1002 15 806 13 84 0 12 b 1 08 0 0457 10 35 RV 2022 42 c 1 36 0 0738 21 2 RV 2022 Gliese 832 16 200 8 67 0 45 b 315 3 7 3 853 0 05 51 or 134 RV 2008 1 refuted candidate 43 44 GJ 3323 17 531 12 2 0 164 b 2 0 0 0328 5 36 0 2 RV 2017 45 c 2 3 0 126 40 5 0 2 RV 2017 Gliese 251 18 215 9 65 0 372 b 4 0 0 0818 14 2 0 10 RV 2020 46 Gliese 229 A 18 791 8 14 0 58 c 7 3 0 339 122 0 19 RV 2020 Ab not confirmed until 2020 47 b 8 5 0 898 526 0 10 RV 2014 Gliese 752 A 19 292 9 13 0 46 b 13 6 0 338 106 0 03 RV 2018 48 23 82 G Eridani 19 704 4 26 0 85 b 2 7 0 121 18 3 0 RV 2011 2 candidates 49 50 51 c 2 4 0 204 40 1 0 RV 2011 d 4 8 0 350 90 0 RV 2011 e 4 8 0 509 147 0 29 RV 2017 EQ Pegasi A 20 400 10 38 0 436 b 718 0 643 284 0 35 69 2 Astrometry 2022 52 Gliese 581 20 549 10 5 0 31 e 1 7 0 0282 3 15 0 0 45 RV 2009 3 refuted candidates and a disc 53 54 55 56 b 16 0 0406 5 37 0 0 45 RV 2005 c 5 5 0 072 12 9 0 0 45 RV 2007 Gliese 338 B 20 658 7 0 0 64 b 10 3 0 141 24 5 0 11 RV 2020 57 Gliese 625 21 131 10 2 0 30 b 2 8 0 0784 14 6 0 1 RV 2017 58 HD 219134 21 336 5 57 0 78 b 4 7 1 60 0 0388 3 09 0 85 05 RV 2015 59 60 61 c 4 4 1 51 0 065 6 77 0 062 87 28 RV 2015 d 16 0 237 46 9 0 138 87 RV 2015 f 7 3 0 146 22 7 0 148 87 RV 2015 g 11 0 375 94 2 0 87 RV 2015 h e 108 3 11 2 247 0 06 87 RV 2015 LTT 1445 A 22 387 10 53 0 26 c 1 54 1 15 0 0266 3 12 lt 0 22 87 43 Transit 2021 62 63 b 2 87 1 30 0 0381 5 36 lt 0 11 89 68 Transit 2019 Gliese 393 22 953 8 65 0 41 b 1 71 0 0540 7 03 0 00 RV 2019 23 64 Gliese 667 C 23 623 10 2 0 33 b 5 4 0 049 7 20 0 13 52 RV 2009 5 dubious candidates 65 8 66 67 23 c 3 9 0 1251 28 2 0 03 52 RV 2011 Gliese 514 24 878 9 03 0 53 b 5 2 0 421 140 0 45 RV 2022 68 Gliese 486 26 351 11 395 0 32 Su 2 8 1 31 0 0173 1 47 lt 0 05 88 4 Transit 2021 69 Gliese 686 26 613 9 58 0 42 b 7 1 0 097 15 5 0 04 RV 2019 70 23 61 Virginis 27 836 4 74 0 95 b 5 1 0 0502 4 22 0 1 77 RV 2009 a debris disc 71 1 disputed candidate 72 c 18 0 218 38 0 0 14 77 RV 2009 CD Ceti 28 052 14 001 0 161 b 3 95 0 0185 2 29 0 RV 2020 73 Gliese 785 28 739 6 13 0 78 b 17 0 32 75 0 13 RV 2010 74 c 24 1 18 530 0 3 RV 2011 Gliese 849 28 750 10 4 0 49 b 270 2 26 1 910 0 05 RV 2006 75 23 c 300 4 82 5 520 0 087 RV 2006 Gliese 433 29 605 9 79 0 48 b 6 0 0 062 7 37 0 04 RV 2009 76 23 47 d 5 2 0 178 36 1 0 07 RV 2020 c 32 4 82 5 090 0 12 RV 2012 HD 102365 A 30 396 4 89 0 85 b 16 0 46 122 0 34 RV 2010 77 Gliese 367 30 719 9 98 0 45 Tahay 0 55 0 72 0 0071 0 32 0 80 75 Transit 2021 78 Gliese 357 30 776 10 9 0 34 b 6 1 1 17 0 035 3 93 0 02 88 92 Transit 2019 79 23 c 3 6 0 061 9 13 0 04 89 RV 2019 d 7 7 0 204 55 7 0 03 89 RV 2019 Gliese 176 30 937 10 1 0 45 b 8 0 0 066 8 77 0 08 RV 2007 1 disputed candidate 80 81 23 GJ 3512 30 976 13 11 0 123 b 147 0 338 204 0 44 RV 2019 82 c 54 gt 1 2 gt 1390 RV 2019 Wolf 1069 31 229 13 99 0 167 b 1 26 0 0672 15 6 RV 2023 83 AU Microscopii 31 683 8 63 0 50 b 17 4 38 0 0645 8 463 0 10 89 03 Transit 2020 84 85 c lt 28 3 51 0 1101 18 86 0 88 62 Transit 2020 Gliese 436 31 882 10 67 0 41 Awohali 21 4 4 33 0 0280 2 64 0 15 85 8 RV 2004 86 87 Gliese 49 32 158 8 9 0 57 b 16 4 0 106 17 3 0 03 RV 2019 88 HD 260655 32 608 9 77 0 439 b 2 14 1 240 0 0293 2 780 0 039 87 35 Transit 2022 89 c 3 09 1 533 0 0475 5 706 0 038 87 79 Transit 2022 Excluded objects edit Unlike for bodies within the Solar System there is no clearly established method for officially recognizing an exoplanet According to the International Astronomical Union an exoplanet should be considered confirmed if it has not been disputed for five years after its discovery 90 There have been examples where the existence of exoplanets has been proposed but even after follow up studies their existence is still considered doubtful by some astronomers Such cases include Wolf 359 7 9 ly in 2019 23 LHS 288 15 8 ly in 2007 91 Gliese 682 16 3 ly in 2014 47 40 Eridani A 16 3 ly in 2018 92 72 and GJ 1151 26 2 ly in 2021 93 94 95 There are also several instances where proposed exoplanets were later disproved by subsequent studies including candidates around Alpha Centauri B 4 36 ly 96 Barnard s Star 5 96 ly 97 98 Kapteyn s Star 12 8 ly 99 Van Maanen 2 14 1 ly 100 Groombridge 1618 15 9 ly 101 AD Leonis 16 2 ly 102 VB 10 19 3 ly 103 and Fomalhaut 25 1 ly 2 In 2021 a candidate planet was detected around Vega though it has yet to be confirmed 104 Another candidate planet Candidate 1 was directly imaged around Alpha Centauri A though it may also be a clump of asteroids or an artifact of the discovery mechanism 105 The Working Group on Extrasolar Planets of the International Astronomical Union adopted in 2003 a working definition on the upper limit for what constitutes a planet not being massive enough to sustain thermonuclear fusion of deuterium Some studies have calculated this to be somewhere around 13 times the mass of Jupiter and therefore objects more massive than this are usually classified as brown dwarfs 106 Some proposed candidate exoplanets have been shown to be massive enough to fall above the threshold and thus are likely brown dwarfs as is the case for SCR 1845 6357 B 13 1 ly 107 SDSS J1416 1348 B 30 3 ly 108 and WISE 1217 1626 B 30 ly 109 Excluded from the current list are known examples of potential free floating sub brown dwarfs or rogue planets which are bodies that are too small to undergo fusion yet they do not revolve around a star Known such examples include WISE 0855 0714 7 4 ly 110 UGPS 0722 05 13 4 ly 111 WISE 1541 2250 18 6 ly 112 and SIMP J01365663 0933473 20 0 ly 113 See also editList of nearest stars and brown dwarfs List of nearest bright stars List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates List of nearest free floating planetary mass objects Lists of planets List of planet types List of potentially habitable exoplanets Lists of astronomical objectsNotes edit Listed values are primarily taken from NASA Exoplanet Archive 4 but other databases include a few additional exoplanet entries tagged as Confirmed that have yet to be compiled into the NASA archive Such databases include Exoplanet Catalog Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 1995 Full table Exoplanets Data Explorer Exoplanet Orbit Database California Planet Survey Click the button to visualize additional parameters Open Exoplanet Catalogue Click the Show options to visualize additional parameters Archived from the original on 2017 09 02 Retrieved 2015 02 14 dd For reference the 100th closest known star system in April 2021 was EQ Pegasi 20 4 ly 5 According to the Bortle scale an astronomical object is visible to the naked eye under typical dark sky conditions in a rural area if it has an apparent magnitude smaller than 6 5 To the unaided eye the limiting magnitude is 7 6 to 8 0 under excellent dark sky conditions with effort 6 The star Epsilon Eridani was named Ran after Ran the Norse goddess of the sea and the planet Epsilon Eridani b was named AEgir after AEgir Ran s husband 9 while the planet Fomalhaut b was named Dagon after Dagon an ancient Syrian fish god 10 11 Exoplanet naming convention assigns uncapitalized letters starting from b to each planet based on chronological order of their initial report and in increasing order of distance from the parent star for planets reported at the same time Omitted letters signify planets that have yet to be confirmed or planets that have been retracted altogether Most reported exoplanet masses have very large error margins typically between 10 and 30 The mass of an exoplanet has generally been inferred from measurements on changes in the radial velocity of the host star but this kind of measurement only allows for an estimate on the exoplanet s orbital parameters but not on their orbital inclination i As such most exoplanets only have an estimated minimum mass Mreal sin i where their true masses are statistically expected to come close to this minimum with only about 13 chance for the mass of an exoplanet to be more than double its minimum mass 13 References edit Harrington J D Villard Ray 2013 08 01 NASA s Hubble Reveals Rogue Planetary Orbit For Fomalhaut NASA Archived from the original on 2015 11 06 Retrieved 2015 09 18 a b Gaspar Andras Rieke 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