Proxima Centauri c is a super-Earth or mini-Neptune about 7 times as massive as Earth, orbiting at roughly 1.49 AU (223 million km; 139 million mi) every 1,928 days (5.28 yr).[3] Due to its large mass and its distance from Proxima Centauri, the exoplanet is uninhabitable, with an equilibrium temperature of approximately 39 K (−234.2 °C; −389.5 °F).[1] The planet is not transiting its parent star from the point of view of an Earth-based observer.[5]
The planet was first reported by Italian astrophysicist Mario Damasso and his colleagues in April 2019. Damasso's team had noticed minor movements of Proxima Centauri in the radial velocity data from the ESO's HARPS instrument, indicating a possible second planet orbiting Proxima Centauri.[6] The discovery was published in January 2020.[1] In June 2020, the planet's existence was initially confirmed using Hubbleastrometry data from c. 1995, allowing its inclination and true mass to be determined.[3][7] Also in June 2020, a possible directly imaged counterpart of Proxima c was detected in the infrared with SPHERE, but the authors admit that they "did not obtain a clear detection".[8] If their candidate source is in fact Proxima Centauri c, it is too bright for a planet of its mass and age, implying that the planet may have a ring system with a radius of around 5 RJ.[8]
However, a 2022 study questioned the planetary nature of the observed radial velocity signal corresponding to Proxima c, attributing it to systematic effects.[4] If this is the case, it is unclear why astrometric observations detected what appeared to be a similar planetary signature.
^ abcdDamasso, Mario; et al. (January 2020). "A low-mass planet candidate orbiting Proxima Centauri at a distance of 1.5 AU". Science Advances. 6 (3): eaax7467. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.7467D. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax7467. PMC6962037. PMID 31998838.
^ abKervella, Pierre; Arenou, Frédéric; Schneider, Jean (March 2020). "Orbital inclination and mass of the exoplanet candidate Proxima c". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 635: L14. arXiv:2003.13106. Bibcode:2020A&A...635L..14K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037551. S2CID 214713486.
^ abcdefghijBenedict, G. Fritz; McArthur, Barbara E. (June 2020). "A Moving Target—Revising the Mass of Proxima Centauri c". Research Notes of the AAS. 4 (6): 86. Bibcode:2020RNAAS...4...86B. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ab9ca9. S2CID 225798015.
^ abArtigau, Étienne; Cadieux, Charles; Cook, Neil J.; Doyon, René; Vandal, Thomas; et al. (June 23, 2022). "Line-by-line velocity measurements, an outlier-resistant method for precision velocimetry". The Astronomical Journal. 164:84 (3) (published August 8, 2022): 18pp. arXiv:2207.13524. Bibcode:2022AJ....164...84A. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac7ce6.
^Gilbert, Emily A.; Barclay, Thomas; Kruse, Ethan; Quintana, Elisa V.; Walkowicz, Lucianne M. (2021), "No Transits of Proxima Centauri Planets in High-Cadence TESS Data", Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 8: 190, arXiv:2110.10702, Bibcode:2021FrASS...8..190G, doi:10.3389/fspas.2021.769371
^Billings, Lee (April 12, 2019). "A Second Planet May Orbit Earth's Nearest Neighboring Star". Scientific American. Retrieved April 12, 2019.
^Benedict, Fritz (June 2, 2020). "Texas astronomer uses 25 year-old Hubble data to confirm planet Proxima Centauri c". McDonald Observatory. University of Texas.
^ abGratton, R.; et al. (June 2020). "Searching for the near-infrared counterpart of Proxima c using multi-epoch high-contrast SPHERE data at VLT". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 638: A120. arXiv:2004.06685. Bibcode:2020A&A...638A.120G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037594. S2CID 215754278.
proxima, centauri, also, called, proxima, alpha, centauri, controversial, exoplanet, candidate, claimed, orbiting, dwarf, star, proxima, centauri, which, closest, star, part, triple, star, system, located, approximately, light, years, parsecs, trillion, kilome. Proxima Centauri c also called Proxima c 2 or Alpha Centauri Cc is a controversial 4 exoplanet candidate claimed to be orbiting the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri which is the closest star to the Sun and part of a triple star system It is located approximately 4 2 light years 1 3 parsecs 40 trillion kilometres 25 trillion miles from Earth in the constellation of Centaurus making it Proxima b and Proxima d the closest known exoplanets to the Solar System Proxima Centauri cSchematic Orbits of Proxima Centauri d Proxima Centauri b and Proxima Centauri c around Proxima CentauriDiscovery 1 Discovered byDamasso et al Discovery siteHARPSDiscovery dateJanuary 2020Detection methodRadial velocityOrbital characteristicsSemi major axis1 489 0 049 AU 2 Eccentricity0 04 0 01 3 Orbital period sidereal 1928 20 d 3 Inclination133 1 3 Longitude of ascending node331 1 3 Longitude of periastron 4 4 3 Time of periastron2456 202 21 3 Semi amplitude1 1 0 2 3 StarProxima CentauriPhysical characteristicsMass7 1 ME 3 Temperature39 K 234 2 C 389 5 F 1 Proxima Centauri c is a super Earth or mini Neptune about 7 times as massive as Earth orbiting at roughly 1 49 AU 223 million km 139 million mi every 1 928 days 5 28 yr 3 Due to its large mass and its distance from Proxima Centauri the exoplanet is uninhabitable with an equilibrium temperature of approximately 39 K 234 2 C 389 5 F 1 The planet is not transiting its parent star from the point of view of an Earth based observer 5 The planet was first reported by Italian astrophysicist Mario Damasso and his colleagues in April 2019 Damasso s team had noticed minor movements of Proxima Centauri in the radial velocity data from the ESO s HARPS instrument indicating a possible second planet orbiting Proxima Centauri 6 The discovery was published in January 2020 1 In June 2020 the planet s existence was initially confirmed using Hubble astrometry data from c 1995 allowing its inclination and true mass to be determined 3 7 Also in June 2020 a possible directly imaged counterpart of Proxima c was detected in the infrared with SPHERE but the authors admit that they did not obtain a clear detection 8 If their candidate source is in fact Proxima Centauri c it is too bright for a planet of its mass and age implying that the planet may have a ring system with a radius of around 5 RJ 8 However a 2022 study questioned the planetary nature of the observed radial velocity signal corresponding to Proxima c attributing it to systematic effects 4 If this is the case it is unclear why astrometric observations detected what appeared to be a similar planetary signature See also editList of largest exoplanets List of nearest exoplanetsReferences edit a b c d Damasso Mario et al January 2020 A low mass planet candidate orbiting Proxima Centauri at a distance of 1 5 AU Science Advances 6 3 eaax7467 Bibcode 2020SciA 6 7467D doi 10 1126 sciadv aax7467 PMC 6962037 PMID 31998838 a b Kervella Pierre Arenou Frederic Schneider Jean March 2020 Orbital inclination and mass of the exoplanet candidate Proxima c Astronomy amp Astrophysics 635 L14 arXiv 2003 13106 Bibcode 2020A amp A 635L 14K doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202037551 S2CID 214713486 a b c d e f g h i j Benedict G Fritz McArthur Barbara E June 2020 A Moving Target Revising the Mass of Proxima Centauri c Research Notes of the AAS 4 6 86 Bibcode 2020RNAAS 4 86B doi 10 3847 2515 5172 ab9ca9 S2CID 225798015 a b Artigau Etienne Cadieux Charles Cook Neil J Doyon Rene Vandal Thomas et al June 23 2022 Line by line velocity measurements an outlier resistant method for precision velocimetry The Astronomical Journal 164 84 3 published August 8 2022 18pp arXiv 2207 13524 Bibcode 2022AJ 164 84A doi 10 3847 1538 3881 ac7ce6 Gilbert Emily A Barclay Thomas Kruse Ethan Quintana Elisa V Walkowicz Lucianne M 2021 No Transits of Proxima Centauri Planets in High Cadence TESS Data Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences 8 190 arXiv 2110 10702 Bibcode 2021FrASS 8 190G doi 10 3389 fspas 2021 769371 Billings Lee April 12 2019 A Second Planet May Orbit Earth s Nearest Neighboring Star Scientific American Retrieved April 12 2019 Benedict Fritz June 2 2020 Texas astronomer uses 25 year old Hubble data to confirm planet Proxima Centauri c McDonald Observatory University of Texas a b Gratton R et al June 2020 Searching for the near infrared counterpart of Proxima c using multi epoch high contrast SPHERE data at VLT Astronomy amp Astrophysics 638 A120 arXiv 2004 06685 Bibcode 2020A amp A 638A 120G doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202037594 S2CID 215754278 Portals nbsp Astronomy nbsp Stars nbsp Spaceflight nbsp Solar System Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Proxima Centauri c amp oldid 1212042186, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
