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List of fossil primates of South America

March 16, 2024

Various fossil primates have been found in South America and adjacent regions such as Panama and the Caribbean.[1] Presently, 78 species of New World monkeys have been registered in South America.[2] Around the middle of the Cenozoic, approximately 34 million years ago,[3] two types of mammals appeared for the first time in South America: rodents and primates. Both of these groups had already been inhabiting other continents for millions of years and they simply arrived in South America rather than originated there. Analyses of evolutionary relationships have shown that their closest relatives were living in Africa at the time. Therefore, the most likely explanation is that they somehow crossed the Atlantic Ocean, which was less wide than today, landed in South America, and founded new populations of rodents and primates.[4]

class=notpageimage|
Locations of primate fossil finds in South America and the Caribbean
Divisaderan
Deseadan
Hemingfordian & Colhuehuapian
Santacrucian-Friasian
Laventan
Huayquerian
Pleistocene
Holocene

The first South American primates gave rise to an impressive evolutionary radiation: more than 120 species in five families. These primates are known as platyrrhine (flat-nosed) primates and are closely related to Old World apes and monkeys (catarrhine primates). Platyrrhines include some of the most popular and acrobatic monkeys such as spider monkeys (Ateles) and capuchins (Cebus), both of which have grasping (prehensile) tails that can be used as a fifth limb. Platyrrhines also include a wide variety of colorful tamarins and marmosets (family Callitrichidae). The platyrrhine primate fossil record is relatively sparse, quite unlike that of caviomorph rodents.[4]

The presently oldest New World monkey is Perupithecus ucayaliensis from Amazonian Peru, described in 2015.[5] A 2017 study of the fossils estimated the body mass for the various fossil primate species.[6] However, the Ucayalipithecus who might have rafted across the Atlantic between ~35–32 million years ago, are nested within the Parapithecoidea from the Eocene of Afro-Arabia.[7]

List of fossil primates of South America edit

Note: some authors, among others Fossilworks, consider Killikaike synonymous with Homunculus and Szalatavus with Branisella, while other researchers consider the genera as different.
The Panamanian and Caribbean fossil primates have been included for completeness.

Age
(SALMA/NALMA) 		Formation Country Family Subfamily Genus Species
bold is type 		Estimated
body mass 		Notes
Divisaderan Yahuarango Fm.   Peru incertae sedis incertae sedis Perupithecus P. ucayaliensis 400 g (0.88 lb)
[6][8]
Deseadan Chambira Fm. Canaanimico C. amazonensis 2,000 g (4.4 lb)
[6][9]
[10]
Salla Fm.   Bolivia Branisella B. boliviana 1,000 g (2.2 lb)
[6][11]
Szalatavus S. attricuspis 550 g (1.21 lb)
[6][11]
Hemingfordian Lagunitas Fm.   Cuba Atelidae Alouattinae Paralouatta P. marianae 4,708 g (10.38 lb)
[12]
[13][14]
Las Cascadas Fm.   Panama Cebidae stem cebid Panamacebus P. transitus 2,700 g (6.0 lb)
[6][15]
[16]
Colhuehuapian Sarmiento Fm.   Argentina Saimirinae Dolichocebus D. gaimanensis 2,700 g (6.0 lb)
[6][17]
Aotidae stem aotid Tremacebus T. harringtoni 1,800 g (4.0 lb)
[6][18]
Pitheciidae Pitheciinae Mazzonicebus M. almendrae 1,602 g (3.532 lb)
[6][19]
Abanico Fm.   Chile Atelidae stem atelid Chilecebus C. carrascoensis 1,000 g (2.2 lb)
[6][20]
Santacrucian Santa Cruz Fm.   Argentina Cebidae Cebinae Killikaike K. blakei 2,000 g (4.4 lb)
[6][21]
Pitheciidae Callicebinae Homunculus H. patagonicus 2,700 g (6.0 lb)
[6][21]
Pinturas Fm. Carlocebus C. carmenensis 3,500 g (7.7 lb)
[6][22]
C. intermedius
[23]
Pitheciinae Soriacebus S. adrianae
[24]
S. ameghinorum 1,483 g (3.269 lb)
[6][25]
Friasian Collón Cura Fm. Proteropithecia P. neuquenensis 1,600 g (3.5 lb)
[6]
Laventan Honda Gp.   Colombia Atelidae Alouattinae Stirtonia S. tatacoensis 5,513 g (12.154 lb)
[6][26]
S. victoriae 10,000 g (22 lb)
[6][27]
Cebidae Saimirinae Saimiri S. annectens 605 g (1.334 lb)
[6][28]
S. fieldsi 768 g (1.693 lb)
[6][29]
Patasola P. magdalenae 480 g (1.06 lb)
[6][30]
incertae sedis incerstae sedis Lagonimico L. conclucatus 595 g (1.312 lb)
[6][31]
Callitrichidae - Micodon M. kiotensis 400 g (0.88 lb)
[6][32]
Aotidae - Aotus A. dindensis 1,054 g (2.324 lb)
[6][33]
Pitheciidae Callicebinae Miocallicebus M. villaviejai 1,500 g (3.3 lb)
[6][34]
Pitheciinae Cebupithecia C. sarmientoi 1,602 g (3.532 lb)
[6][35]
Nuciruptor N. rubricae 2,000 g (4.4 lb)
[6][36]
Atelidae stem atelid Mohanamico M. hershkovitzi 1,000 g (2.2 lb)
[6][37]
Huayquerian Solimões Fm.   Brazil Atelidae Atelinae Solimoea S. acrensis 8,000 g (18 lb)
[6][38]
  Brazil
  Bolivia		 Cebidae Cebinae Acrecebus A. fraileyi 12,000 g (26 lb)
[6][39]
Pleistocene Cueva del Mono   Cuba Atelidae Alouattinae Paralouatta P. varonai 8,444 g (18.616 lb)
[6][40]
  Brazil Cartelles C. coimbrafilhoi 23,500 g (51.8 lb)
[6]
Caipora C. bambuiorum 24,000 g (53 lb)
[6][41]
[42]
Protopithecus P. bonaeriensis 22,600 g (49.8 lb)
[43]
P. brasiliensis
[41][44]
[45]
Alouatta A. mauroi
[46][47]
Holocene La Jeringa Cave   Dominican Republic Pitheciidae Pitheciinae Antillothrix A. bernensis 1,500 g (3.3 lb)
[6]
Long Mile Cave   Jamaica Xenothrix X. mcgregori 5,720 g (12.61 lb)
[6][48]
Trouing Jérémie   Haiti Insulacebus I. toussentiana 4,805 g (10.593 lb)
[6][49]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Tejedor et al., 2013, p. 22
  2. ^ Rosenberger & Hartwig, 2001, p. 2
  3. ^ Lynch Alfaro et al., 2015, p. 519
  4. ^ a b South American Fossil Mammals
  5. ^ Bond et al., 2015, p. 538
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Silvestro et al., 2017, p. 14
  7. ^ Seiffert et al., 2020, pp. 194–197
  8. ^ Perupithecus at Fossilworks.org
  9. ^ Marivaux et al., 2016
  10. ^ Canaanimico at Fossilworks.org
  11. ^ a b Branisella boliviana at Fossilworks.org
  12. ^ Püschel et al., 2017
  13. ^ MacPhee et al., 2003, p. 6
  14. ^ Paralouatta marianae at Fossilworks.org
  15. ^ Bloch et al., 2016a, p. 243
  16. ^ Panamacebus at Fossilworks.org
  17. ^ Dolichocebus at Fossilworks.org
  18. ^ Tremacebus at Fossilworks.org
  19. ^ Mazzonicebus at Fossilworks.org
  20. ^ Chilecebus at Fossilworks.org
  21. ^ a b Homunculus at Fossilworks.org
  22. ^ Carlocebus carmenensis at Fossilworks.org
  23. ^ Carlocebus intermedius at Fossilworks.org
  24. ^ Soriacebus adrianae at Fossilworks.org
  25. ^ Soriacebus ameghinorum at Fossilworks.org
  26. ^ Stirtonia tatacoensis at Fossilworks.org
  27. ^ Stirtonia victoriae at Fossilworks.org
  28. ^ Saimiri annectens at Fossilworks.org
  29. ^ Saimiri fieldsi at Fossilworks.org
  30. ^ Patasola magdalenae in the Paleobiology Database
  31. ^ Lagonimico conclucatus at Fossilworks.org
  32. ^ Micodon kiotensis at Fossilworks.org
  33. ^ Aotus dindensis at Fossilworks.org
  34. ^ Miocallicebus villaviejai at Fossilworks.org
  35. ^ Cebupithecia sarmientoi at Fossilworks.org
  36. ^ Nuciruptor rubricae in the Paleobiology Database
  37. ^ Luchterhand et al., 1986, p. 1753
  38. ^ Solimoea at Fossilworks.org
  39. ^ Acrecebus at Fossilworks.org
  40. ^ Horovitz & MacPhee, 1999, p. 37
  41. ^ a b Cartelle & Hartwig, 1996
  42. ^ Caipora bambuiorum at Fossilworks.org
  43. ^ Protopithecus bonaeriensis at Fossilworks.org
  44. ^ Halenar & Rosenberger, 2013
  45. ^ Protopithecus brasiliensis at Fossilworks.org
  46. ^ Tejedor et al., 2008
  47. ^ Alouatta mauroi at Fossilworks.org
  48. ^ Xenothrix at Fossilworks.org
  49. ^ Insulacebus at Fossilworks.org

Bibliography edit

General edit

  • Bond, Mariano; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Campbell Jr., Kenneth E.; Chornogubsky, Laura; Novo, Nelson; Goin, Francisco (2015). "Eocene primates of South America and the African origins of New World monkeys". Nature. 520 (7548): 538–546. doi:10.1038/nature14120. hdl:11336/79088. PMID 25652825. S2CID 4456556. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
  • Lynch Alfaro, Jessica W.; Cortés Ortiz, Liliana; Di Fiore, Anthony; Boubli, Jean P. (2015). "Special issue: Comparative biogeography of Neotropical primates" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 82: 518–529. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.027. PMID 25451803. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
  • Püschel, Thomas A.; Gladman, Justin T.; Bobe, René; Sellers, William I. (2017). "The evolution of the platyrrhine talus: A comparative analysis of the phenetic affinities of the Miocene platyrrhines with their modern relatives". Journal of Human Evolution. 111: 179–201. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.015. PMC 5603972. PMID 28874270. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
  • Rosenberger, Alfred L.; Hartwig, Walter Carl (2001). "New World Monkeys" (PDF). Encyclopedia of Life Sciences: 1–4. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
  • Silvestro, Daniele; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Serrano Serrano, Martha L.; Loiseau, Oriane; Rossier, Victor; Rolland, Jonathan; Zizka, Alexander; Antonelli, Alexandre; Salamin, Nicolas (2017). "Evolutionary history of New World monkeys revealed by molecular and fossil data" (PDF). BioRxiv. _: 1–32. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
  • Tejedor, Marcelo F (2013). "Sistemática, evolución y paleobiogeografía de los primates Platyrrhini" (PDF). Revista del Museo de La Plata. 20: 20–39. Retrieved 2017-09-24.

Specific edit

  • Bloch, Jonathan I.; Woodruff, Emily D.; Wood, Aaron R.; Rincón, Aldo F.; Harrington, Arianna R.; Morgan, Gary S.; Foster, David A.; Montes, Camilo; Jaramillo, Carlos A., Nathan A. Jud, Douglas S. Jones, Bruce J. MacFadden (2016). "First North American fossil monkey and early Miocene tropical biotic interchange". Nature. 533 (7602): 243–246. doi:10.1038/nature17415. PMID 27096364. S2CID 4445687. Retrieved 2019-02-14.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Bloch, Jonathan I.; Woodruff, Emily D.; Wood, Aaron R.; Rincón, Aldo F.; Harrington, Arianna R.; Morgan, Gary S.; Foster, David A.; Montes, Camilo; Jaramillo, Carlos A., Nathan A. Jud, Douglas S. Jones, Bruce J. MacFadden (2016b). "Panamacebus - Supplementary Methods and Results". Nature. 533 (7602): 1–28. Retrieved 2019-02-14.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Bloch, Jonathan I.; Woodruff, Emily D.; Wood, Aaron R.; Rincón, Aldo F.; Harrington, Arianna R.; Morgan, Gary S.; Foster, David A.; Montes, Camilo; Jaramillo, Carlos A., Nathan A. Jud, Douglas S. Jones, Bruce J. MacFadden (2016c). "Panamacebus - Supplementary Figures". Nature. 533 (7602): 1–10. Retrieved 2019-02-14.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Cartelle, Cástor; Hartwig, Walter C. (1996). "A new extinct primate among the Pleistocene megafauna of Bahia, Brazil". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 93 (13): 6405–6409. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.13.6405. PMC 39035. PMID 8692827. Retrieved 2017-09-28.
  • Halenar, Lauren B.; Rosenberger, Alfred L. (2013). "A closer look at the "Protopithecus" fossil assemblages: new genus and species from Bahia, Brazil" (PDF). Journal of Human Evolution. 65 (4): 374–390. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.07.008. PMID 23972780. Retrieved 2017-09-28.
  • Horovitz, I.; MacPhee, R.D.E. (1999). "The quaternary Cuban platyrrhine Paralouatta varonai and the origin of the Antillean monkeys" (PDF). Journal of Human Evolution. 36 (1): 33–68. doi:10.1006/jhev.1998.0259. PMID 9924133. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
  • Luchterhand, Kubet; Kay, Richard F.; Madden, Richard H. (1986). "Mohanamico hershkovitzi, gen. et sp. nov., un primate du Miocene moyen d' Amerique du Sud". Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. 303: 1753–1758. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
  • MacPhee, R.D.E.; M.A., Iturralde Vinent; Gaffney, E.S. (2003). "Domo de Zaza, an Early Miocene vertebrate locality in south-central Cuba, with notes on the tectonic evolution of Puerto Rico and the Mona Passage" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3394): 1–42. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
  • Marivaux, Laurent; Adnet, Sylvain; Altamirano Sierra, Ali J.; Boivin, Myriam; Pujos, François; Ramdarshan, Anusha; Salas Gismondi, Rodolfo; Tejada, Julia; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier (2016). "Neotropics provide insights into the emergence of New World monkeys: New dental evidence from the late Oligocene of Peruvian Amazonia". Journal of Human Evolution. 97: 159–175. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.05.011. PMID 27457552. Retrieved 2019-02-04.
  • Seiffert, Erik R.; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Fleagle, John G.; Novo, Nelson M.; Cornejo, Fanny M.; Bond, Mariano; de Vries, Dorien; Campbell Jr., Kenneth E. (2020). "A parapithecid stem anthropoid of African origin in the Paleogene of South America". Science. 368 (6487): 194–197. doi:10.1126/science.aba1135. PMID 32273470. S2CID 215550773. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  • Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Rosenberger, Alfred L.; Cartelle, Cástor (2008). "Nueva especie de Alouatta (Primates, Atelinae) del Pleistoceno Tardío de Bahía, Brasil" (PDF). Ameghiniana. 45: 247–251. Retrieved 2017-09-28.

Further reading edit

March 16, 2024
list, fossil, primates, south, america, various, fossil, primates, have, been, found, south, america, adjacent, regions, such, panama, caribbean, presently, species, world, monkeys, have, been, registered, south, america, around, middle, cenozoic, approximatel. Various fossil primates have been found in South America and adjacent regions such as Panama and the Caribbean 1 Presently 78 species of New World monkeys have been registered in South America 2 Around the middle of the Cenozoic approximately 34 million years ago 3 two types of mammals appeared for the first time in South America rodents and primates Both of these groups had already been inhabiting other continents for millions of years and they simply arrived in South America rather than originated there Analyses of evolutionary relationships have shown that their closest relatives were living in Africa at the time Therefore the most likely explanation is that they somehow crossed the Atlantic Ocean which was less wide than today landed in South America and founded new populations of rodents and primates 4 class notpageimage Locations of primate fossil finds in South America and the Caribbean Divisaderan Deseadan Hemingfordian amp Colhuehuapian Santacrucian Friasian Laventan Huayquerian Pleistocene Holocene The first South American primates gave rise to an impressive evolutionary radiation more than 120 species in five families These primates are known as platyrrhine flat nosed primates and are closely related to Old World apes and monkeys catarrhine primates Platyrrhines include some of the most popular and acrobatic monkeys such as spider monkeys Ateles and capuchins Cebus both of which have grasping prehensile tails that can be used as a fifth limb Platyrrhines also include a wide variety of colorful tamarins and marmosets family Callitrichidae The platyrrhine primate fossil record is relatively sparse quite unlike that of caviomorph rodents 4 The presently oldest New World monkey is Perupithecus ucayaliensis from Amazonian Peru described in 2015 5 A 2017 study of the fossils estimated the body mass for the various fossil primate species 6 However the Ucayalipithecus who might have rafted across the Atlantic between 35 32 million years ago are nested within the Parapithecoidea from the Eocene of Afro Arabia 7 Contents 1 List of fossil primates of South America 2 See also 3 References 3 1 Bibliography 3 1 1 General 3 1 2 Specific 4 Further readingList of fossil primates of South America editNote some authors among others Fossilworks consider Killikaike synonymous with Homunculus and Szalatavus with Branisella while other researchers consider the genera as different The Panamanian and Caribbean fossil primates have been included for completeness Age SALMA NALMA Formation Country Family Subfamily Genus Speciesbold is type Estimatedbody mass NotesDivisaderan Yahuarango Fm nbsp Peru incertae sedis incertae sedis Perupithecus P ucayaliensis 400 g 0 88 lb 6 8 Deseadan Chambira Fm Canaanimico C amazonensis 2 000 g 4 4 lb 6 9 10 Salla Fm nbsp Bolivia Branisella B boliviana 1 000 g 2 2 lb 6 11 Szalatavus S attricuspis 550 g 1 21 lb 6 11 Hemingfordian Lagunitas Fm nbsp Cuba Atelidae Alouattinae Paralouatta P marianae 4 708 g 10 38 lb 12 13 14 Las Cascadas Fm nbsp Panama Cebidae stem cebid Panamacebus P transitus 2 700 g 6 0 lb 6 15 16 Colhuehuapian Sarmiento Fm nbsp Argentina Saimirinae Dolichocebus D gaimanensis 2 700 g 6 0 lb 6 17 Aotidae stem aotid Tremacebus T harringtoni 1 800 g 4 0 lb 6 18 Pitheciidae Pitheciinae Mazzonicebus M almendrae 1 602 g 3 532 lb 6 19 Abanico Fm nbsp Chile Atelidae stem atelid Chilecebus C carrascoensis 1 000 g 2 2 lb 6 20 Santacrucian Santa Cruz Fm nbsp Argentina Cebidae Cebinae Killikaike K blakei 2 000 g 4 4 lb 6 21 Pitheciidae Callicebinae Homunculus H patagonicus 2 700 g 6 0 lb 6 21 Pinturas Fm Carlocebus C carmenensis 3 500 g 7 7 lb 6 22 C intermedius 23 Pitheciinae Soriacebus S adrianae 24 S ameghinorum 1 483 g 3 269 lb 6 25 Friasian Collon Cura Fm Proteropithecia P neuquenensis 1 600 g 3 5 lb 6 Laventan Honda Gp nbsp Colombia Atelidae Alouattinae Stirtonia S tatacoensis 5 513 g 12 154 lb 6 26 S victoriae 10 000 g 22 lb 6 27 Cebidae Saimirinae Saimiri S annectens 605 g 1 334 lb 6 28 S fieldsi 768 g 1 693 lb 6 29 Patasola P magdalenae 480 g 1 06 lb 6 30 incertae sedis incerstae sedis Lagonimico L conclucatus 595 g 1 312 lb 6 31 Callitrichidae Micodon M kiotensis 400 g 0 88 lb 6 32 Aotidae Aotus A dindensis 1 054 g 2 324 lb 6 33 Pitheciidae Callicebinae Miocallicebus M villaviejai 1 500 g 3 3 lb 6 34 Pitheciinae Cebupithecia C sarmientoi 1 602 g 3 532 lb 6 35 Nuciruptor N rubricae 2 000 g 4 4 lb 6 36 Atelidae stem atelid Mohanamico M hershkovitzi 1 000 g 2 2 lb 6 37 Huayquerian Solimoes Fm nbsp Brazil Atelidae Atelinae Solimoea S acrensis 8 000 g 18 lb 6 38 nbsp Brazil nbsp Bolivia Cebidae Cebinae Acrecebus A fraileyi 12 000 g 26 lb 6 39 Pleistocene Cueva del Mono nbsp Cuba Atelidae Alouattinae Paralouatta P varonai 8 444 g 18 616 lb 6 40 nbsp Brazil Cartelles C coimbrafilhoi 23 500 g 51 8 lb 6 Caipora C bambuiorum 24 000 g 53 lb 6 41 42 Protopithecus P bonaeriensis 22 600 g 49 8 lb 43 P brasiliensis 41 44 45 Alouatta A mauroi 46 47 Holocene La Jeringa Cave nbsp Dominican Republic Pitheciidae Pitheciinae Antillothrix A bernensis 1 500 g 3 3 lb 6 Long Mile Cave nbsp Jamaica Xenothrix X mcgregori 5 720 g 12 61 lb 6 48 Trouing Jeremie nbsp Haiti Insulacebus I toussentiana 4 805 g 10 593 lb 6 49 See also editEvolution of primates List of fossil primates List of prehistoric mammals List of New World monkey species List of primates of Central America List of primates of Colombia List of primates of Peru List of gomphothere fossils in South AmericaReferences edit Tejedor et al 2013 p 22 Rosenberger amp Hartwig 2001 p 2 Lynch Alfaro et al 2015 p 519 a b South American Fossil Mammals Bond et al 2015 p 538 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Silvestro et al 2017 p 14 Seiffert et al 2020 pp 194 197 Perupithecus at Fossilworks org Marivaux et al 2016 Canaanimico at Fossilworks org a b Branisella boliviana at Fossilworks org Puschel et al 2017 MacPhee et al 2003 p 6 Paralouatta marianae at Fossilworks org Bloch et al 2016a p 243 Panamacebus at Fossilworks org Dolichocebus at Fossilworks org Tremacebus at Fossilworks org Mazzonicebus at Fossilworks org Chilecebus at Fossilworks org a b Homunculus at Fossilworks org Carlocebus carmenensis at Fossilworks org Carlocebus intermedius at Fossilworks org Soriacebus adrianae at Fossilworks org Soriacebus ameghinorum at Fossilworks org Stirtonia tatacoensis at Fossilworks org Stirtonia victoriae at Fossilworks org Saimiri annectens at Fossilworks org Saimiri fieldsi at Fossilworks org Patasola magdalenae in the Paleobiology Database Lagonimico conclucatus at Fossilworks org Micodon kiotensis at Fossilworks org Aotus dindensis at Fossilworks org Miocallicebus villaviejai at Fossilworks org Cebupithecia sarmientoi at Fossilworks org Nuciruptor rubricae in the Paleobiology Database Luchterhand et al 1986 p 1753 Solimoea at Fossilworks org Acrecebus at Fossilworks org Horovitz amp MacPhee 1999 p 37 a b Cartelle amp Hartwig 1996 Caipora bambuiorum at Fossilworks org Protopithecus bonaeriensis at Fossilworks org Halenar amp Rosenberger 2013 Protopithecus brasiliensis at Fossilworks org Tejedor et al 2008 Alouatta mauroi at Fossilworks org Xenothrix at Fossilworks org Insulacebus at Fossilworks org Bibliography edit General edit Bond Mariano Tejedor Marcelo F Campbell Jr Kenneth E Chornogubsky Laura Novo Nelson Goin Francisco 2015 Eocene primates of South America and the African origins of New World monkeys Nature 520 7548 538 546 doi 10 1038 nature14120 hdl 11336 79088 PMID 25652825 S2CID 4456556 Retrieved 2017 09 24 Lynch Alfaro Jessica W Cortes Ortiz Liliana Di Fiore Anthony Boubli Jean P 2015 Special issue Comparative biogeography of Neotropical primates PDF Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 82 518 529 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2014 09 027 PMID 25451803 Retrieved 2017 09 24 Puschel Thomas A Gladman Justin T Bobe Rene Sellers William I 2017 The evolution of the platyrrhine talus A comparative analysis of the phenetic affinities of the Miocene platyrrhines with their modern relatives Journal of Human Evolution 111 179 201 doi 10 1016 j jhevol 2017 07 015 PMC 5603972 PMID 28874270 Retrieved 2019 02 18 Rosenberger Alfred L Hartwig Walter Carl 2001 New World Monkeys PDF Encyclopedia of Life Sciences 1 4 Retrieved 2017 09 24 Silvestro Daniele Tejedor Marcelo F Serrano Serrano Martha L Loiseau Oriane Rossier Victor Rolland Jonathan Zizka Alexander Antonelli Alexandre Salamin Nicolas 2017 Evolutionary history of New World monkeys revealed by molecular and fossil data PDF BioRxiv 1 32 Retrieved 2017 09 24 Tejedor Marcelo F 2013 Sistematica evolucion y paleobiogeografia de los primates Platyrrhini PDF Revista del Museo de La Plata 20 20 39 Retrieved 2017 09 24 Specific edit Bloch Jonathan I Woodruff Emily D Wood Aaron R Rincon Aldo F Harrington Arianna R Morgan Gary S Foster David A Montes Camilo Jaramillo Carlos A Nathan A Jud Douglas S Jones Bruce J MacFadden 2016 First North American fossil monkey and early Miocene tropical biotic interchange Nature 533 7602 243 246 doi 10 1038 nature17415 PMID 27096364 S2CID 4445687 Retrieved 2019 02 14 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Bloch Jonathan I Woodruff Emily D Wood Aaron R Rincon Aldo F Harrington Arianna R Morgan Gary S Foster David A Montes Camilo Jaramillo Carlos A Nathan A Jud Douglas S Jones Bruce J MacFadden 2016b Panamacebus Supplementary Methods and Results Nature 533 7602 1 28 Retrieved 2019 02 14 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Bloch Jonathan I Woodruff Emily D Wood Aaron R Rincon Aldo F Harrington Arianna R Morgan Gary S Foster David A Montes Camilo Jaramillo Carlos A Nathan A Jud Douglas S Jones Bruce J MacFadden 2016c Panamacebus Supplementary Figures Nature 533 7602 1 10 Retrieved 2019 02 14 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Cartelle Castor Hartwig Walter C 1996 A new extinct primate among the Pleistocene megafauna of Bahia Brazil Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 93 13 6405 6409 doi 10 1073 pnas 93 13 6405 PMC 39035 PMID 8692827 Retrieved 2017 09 28 Halenar Lauren B Rosenberger Alfred L 2013 A closer look at the Protopithecus fossil assemblages new genus and species from Bahia Brazil PDF Journal of Human Evolution 65 4 374 390 doi 10 1016 j jhevol 2013 07 008 PMID 23972780 Retrieved 2017 09 28 Horovitz I MacPhee R D E 1999 The quaternary Cuban platyrrhine Paralouatta varonai and the origin of the Antillean monkeys PDF Journal of Human Evolution 36 1 33 68 doi 10 1006 jhev 1998 0259 PMID 9924133 Retrieved 2019 02 06 Luchterhand Kubet Kay Richard F Madden Richard H 1986 Mohanamico hershkovitzi gen et sp nov un primate du Miocene moyen d Amerique du Sud Comptes rendus de l Academie des sciences 303 1753 1758 Retrieved 2017 09 24 MacPhee R D E M A Iturralde Vinent Gaffney E S 2003 Domo de Zaza an Early Miocene vertebrate locality in south central Cuba with notes on the tectonic evolution of Puerto Rico and the Mona Passage PDF American Museum Novitates 3394 1 42 Retrieved 2019 02 06 Marivaux Laurent Adnet Sylvain Altamirano Sierra Ali J Boivin Myriam Pujos Francois Ramdarshan Anusha Salas Gismondi Rodolfo Tejada Julia Antoine Pierre Olivier 2016 Neotropics provide insights into the emergence of New World monkeys New dental evidence from the late Oligocene of Peruvian Amazonia Journal of Human Evolution 97 159 175 doi 10 1016 j jhevol 2016 05 011 PMID 27457552 Retrieved 2019 02 04 Seiffert Erik R Tejedor Marcelo F Fleagle John G Novo Nelson M Cornejo Fanny M Bond Mariano de Vries Dorien Campbell Jr Kenneth E 2020 A parapithecid stem anthropoid of African origin in the Paleogene of South America Science 368 6487 194 197 doi 10 1126 science aba1135 PMID 32273470 S2CID 215550773 Retrieved 2020 04 13 Tejedor Marcelo F Rosenberger Alfred L Cartelle Castor 2008 Nueva especie de Alouatta Primates Atelinae del Pleistoceno Tardio de Bahia Brasil PDF Ameghiniana 45 247 251 Retrieved 2017 09 28 Further reading editCroft Darin A 2016 Horned Armadillos and Rafting Monkeys The Fascinating Fossil Mammals of South America Indiana University Press pp 1 320 ISBN 9780253020949 Retrieved 2017 10 21 Fleagle John G Rosenberger Alfred L 2013 The Platyrrhine Fossil Record Elsevier pp 1 256 ISBN 9781483267074 Retrieved 2017 10 21 Hartwig W C Meldrum D J 2002 The Primate Fossil Record Miocene platyrrhines of the northern Neotropics Cambridge University Press pp 175 188 ISBN 978 0 521 08141 2 Retrieved 2017 09 24 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of fossil primates of South America amp oldid 1183941993, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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