The North American land mammal ages (NALMA) establishes a geologic timescale for North American fauna beginning during the Late Cretaceous and continuing through to the present. These periods are referred to as ages or intervals (or stages when referring to the rock strata of that age) and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials were obtained.[1]
The North American land-mammal-age system was formalized in 1941 as a series of provincial land-mammal ages.[2] The system was the standard for correlations in the terrestrialCenozoic record of North America and was the source for similar time scales dealing with other continents. The system was revised into a formal chronostratigraphic system. This approach is nominally justified by international stratigraphic codes; it holds that first appearances of individual species in particular sections are the only valid basis for naming and defining the land-mammal ages.
The basic unit of measure is the first/last boundary statement. This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another. If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon, then their age-range zones overlap.[3]
The utility of the system led to its expansion into the Cretaceous (formalized 1986)[4] and the Holocene (formalized 2014).[5] These additions have been used in research related to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event and the ensuing recovery,[6] and to the Anthropocene debate,[5] respectively. However, the ages that stretch into the Cretaceous are sometimes referred to as "North American land vertebrate ages" to reflect the fact that mammals, while still abundant, were not the dominant form of terrestrial life during the Mesozoic.[7]
^Roberto Díaz Sibaja, Eduardo Jiménez Hidalgo, Ma. Luisa García Zepeda. "Una nueva localidad fosilífera en Oaxaca (México) y el registro más austral de Bison latifrons: Implicaciones paleobiogeográficas, paleoecológicas y paleoambientales" (PDF). Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana. 70: 201–222.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Wood, H. E.; Chaney, R. W.; Clark, J.; Colbert, E. H.; Jepsen, G.L.; Reeside, J. B.; Stock, C. (1941). "Nomenclature and correlation of the North American continental Tertiary". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 52 (1): 1–48. Bibcode:1941GSAB...52....1W. doi:10.1130/gsab-52-1.
^Woodburne, Michael O., ed. (1987). "A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages". Cenozoic mammals of North America : geochronology and biostratigraphy. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 285–290. ISBN978-0520053922.
^Lillegraven, J. A.; McKenna, M. C. (1986). "Fossil mammals from the" Mesaverde" Formation (late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming: with definitions of late Cretaceous North American land-mammal" ages"". American Museum Novitates (2840): 1–68.
^ abcdBarnosky, A. D.; Holmes, M.; Kircholtes, R.; Lindsey, E.; Maguire, K. C.; Poust, A. W.; Stegner, M. A.; Sunseri, J.; Swartz, B.; Swift, J.; Villavicencio, N. A. (2014). "Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American land mammal ages (NALMAs)". The Anthropocene Review. 1 (3): 225–242. doi:10.1177/2053019614547433. S2CID 128697655.
^Woodburne, Michael O., ed. (2012). "Mammalian Biochronology of the Latest Cretaceous". Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic mammals of North America biostratigraphy and geochronology. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 21–43. ISBN9780231503785.
^ abcdefFowler, DW (2017). "Revised geochronology, correlation, and dinosaur stratigraphic ranges of the Santonian-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) formations of the Western Interior of North America". PLOS ONE. 12 (11): e0188426. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188426. PMC5699823. PMID 29166406.
^Alroy, J. (2000). "New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes". Paleobiology. 26 (4): 707–733. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0707:NMFQMP>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 26470169.
^Ramezani, J.; Beveridge, T.L.; Rogers, R.; Eberth, D.; Roberts, E. (2022). "Calibrating the zenith of dinosaur diversity in the Campanian of the Western Interior Basin by CA-ID-TIMS U–Pb geochronology". Sci Rep. 12 (1): 16026. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19896-w. PMC9512893. PMID 36163377.
February 13, 2024
north, american, land, mammal, nalma, establishes, geologic, timescale, north, american, fauna, beginning, during, late, cretaceous, continuing, through, present, these, periods, referred, ages, intervals, stages, when, referring, rock, strata, that, were, est. The North American land mammal ages NALMA establishes a geologic timescale for North American fauna beginning during the Late Cretaceous and continuing through to the present These periods are referred to as ages or intervals or stages when referring to the rock strata of that age and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials were obtained 1 Contents 1 System 2 Ages 2 1 Cenozoic land mammal ages 2 2 Cretaceous land vertebrate ages 3 Other continental ages 4 See also 5 ReferencesSystem editThe North American land mammal age system was formalized in 1941 as a series of provincial land mammal ages 2 The system was the standard for correlations in the terrestrial Cenozoic record of North America and was the source for similar time scales dealing with other continents The system was revised into a formal chronostratigraphic system This approach is nominally justified by international stratigraphic codes it holds that first appearances of individual species in particular sections are the only valid basis for naming and defining the land mammal ages The basic unit of measure is the first last boundary statement This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon then their age range zones overlap 3 The utility of the system led to its expansion into the Cretaceous formalized 1986 4 and the Holocene formalized 2014 5 These additions have been used in research related to the Cretaceous Paleogene extinction event and the ensuing recovery 6 and to the Anthropocene debate 5 respectively However the ages that stretch into the Cretaceous are sometimes referred to as North American land vertebrate ages to reflect the fact that mammals while still abundant were not the dominant form of terrestrial life during the Mesozoic 7 Ages editCenozoic land mammal ages edit Saintaugustinean Lower boundary 0 004 Ma Upper boundary Present 5 Santarosean Lower boundary 0 012 Ma Upper boundary 0 004 Ma 5 Rancholabrean Lower boundary 0 3 Ma Upper boundary 0 012 Ma 8 Irvingtonian Lower boundary 1 8 Ma Upper boundary 0 3 Ma 9 10 Blancan Lower boundary 4 9 Ma Upper boundary 1 8 Ma 11 Hemphillian Lower boundary 10 3 Ma Upper boundary 4 9 Ma 12 Clarendonian Lower boundary 13 6 Ma Upper boundary 10 3 Ma 13 Barstovian Lower boundary 15 97 Ma Upper boundary 13 6 Ma 14 Hemingfordian Lower boundary 20 43 Ma Upper boundary 15 97 Ma 15 Arikareean Lower boundary 30 8 Ma Upper boundary 20 43 Ma Harrisonian Lower boundary 24 8 Ma Upper boundary 20 43 Ma 16 Monroecreekian Lower boundary 26 3 Ma Upper boundary 24 8 Ma 17 Geringian Lower boundary 30 8 Ma Upper boundary 26 3 Ma 18 Whitneyan Lower boundary 33 3 Ma Upper boundary 30 8 Ma 19 Orellan Lower boundary 33 9 Ma Upper boundary 33 3 Ma 20 Chadronian Lower boundary 37 2 Ma Upper boundary 33 9 Ma 21 Duchesnean Lower boundary 40 4 Ma Upper boundary 37 2 Ma 22 Uintan Lower boundary 46 2 Ma Upper boundary 40 4 Ma 23 Bridgerian Lower boundary 50 3 Ma Upper boundary 46 2 Ma 24 Wasatchian Lower boundary 55 8 Ma Upper boundary 50 3 Ma 25 Clarkforkian Lower boundary 56 8 Ma Upper boundary 55 8 Ma 26 Tiffanian Lower boundary 61 7 Ma Upper boundary 56 8 Ma 27 Torrejonian Lower boundary 63 3 Ma Upper boundary 61 7 Ma 28 Puercan Lower boundary 66 043 Ma Upper boundary 63 3 Ma 29 Cretaceous land vertebrate ages edit Lancian Lower boundary 67 Ma Upper boundary 66 Ma 7 Edmontonian Lower boundary 73 Ma Upper boundary 67 Ma 7 Kirtlandian Lower boundary 75 Ma Upper boundary 73 Ma 7 Judithian Lower boundary 79 Ma Upper boundary 75 Ma 7 Wahweapian Lower boundary 82 Ma Upper boundary 79 Ma 30 Aquilian Lower boundary 84 Ma Upper boundary 82 Ma 7 Other continental ages editEuropean land mammal age South American land mammal age Asian land mammal ageSee also editAppearance Event Ordination BiochronologyReferences edit Roberto Diaz Sibaja Eduardo Jimenez Hidalgo Ma Luisa Garcia Zepeda Una nueva localidad fosilifera en Oaxaca Mexico y el registro mas austral de Bison latifrons Implicaciones paleobiogeograficas paleoecologicas y paleoambientales PDF Boletin de la Sociedad Geologica Mexicana 70 201 222 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Wood H E Chaney R W Clark J Colbert E H Jepsen G L Reeside J B Stock C 1941 Nomenclature and correlation of the North American continental Tertiary Geological Society of America Bulletin 52 1 1 48 Bibcode 1941GSAB 52 1W doi 10 1130 gsab 52 1 Woodburne Michael O ed 1987 A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages Cenozoic mammals of North America geochronology and biostratigraphy Berkeley University of California Press pp 285 290 ISBN 978 0520053922 Lillegraven J A McKenna M C 1986 Fossil mammals from the Mesaverde Formation late Cretaceous Judithian of the Bighorn and Wind River basins Wyoming with definitions of late Cretaceous North American land mammal ages American Museum Novitates 2840 1 68 a b c d Barnosky A D Holmes M Kircholtes R Lindsey E Maguire K C Poust A W Stegner M A Sunseri J Swartz B Swift J Villavicencio N A 2014 Prelude to the Anthropocene Two new North American land mammal ages NALMAs The Anthropocene Review 1 3 225 242 doi 10 1177 2053019614547433 S2CID 128697655 Woodburne Michael O ed 2012 Mammalian Biochronology of the Latest Cretaceous Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic mammals of North America biostratigraphy and geochronology New York Columbia University Press pp 21 43 ISBN 9780231503785 a b c d e f Fowler DW 2017 Revised geochronology correlation and dinosaur stratigraphic ranges of the Santonian Maastrichtian Late Cretaceous formations of the Western Interior of North America PLOS ONE 12 11 e0188426 doi 10 1371 journal pone 0188426 PMC 5699823 PMID 29166406 Rancholabrean age stage fossilworks org Alroy J 2000 New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes Paleobiology 26 4 707 733 doi 10 1666 0094 8373 2000 026 lt 0707 NMFQMP gt 2 0 CO 2 S2CID 26470169 Irvingtonian age stage fossilworks org Blancan age stage fossilworks org Hemphillian age stage fossilworks org Clarendonian age stage fossilworks org Barstovian age stage fossilworks org Hemingfordian age stage fossilworks org Harrisonian age stage fossilworks org Monroecreekian age stage fossilworks org Geringian age stage fossilworks org Whitneyan age stage fossilworks org Orellan age stage fossilworks org Chadronian age stage fossilworks org Duchesnean age stage fossilworks org Uintan age stage fossilworks org Bridgerian age stage fossilworks org Wasatchian age stage fossilworks org Clarkforkian age stage fossilworks org Tiffanian age stage fossilworks org Torrejonian age stage fossilworks org Puercan age stage fossilworks org Ramezani J Beveridge T L Rogers R Eberth D Roberts E 2022 Calibrating the zenith of dinosaur diversity in the Campanian of the Western Interior Basin by CA ID TIMS U Pb geochronology Sci Rep 12 1 16026 doi 10 1038 s41598 022 19896 w PMC 9512893 PMID 36163377 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title North American land mammal age amp oldid 1188091150, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
