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Marmoset

February 16, 2024

This article is about the new world monkey. For other uses, see Marmoset (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Marmot or Marmozets.

The marmosets (/ˈmɑːrməˌzɛts, -ˌsɛts/),[3][4] also known as zaris or sagoin, are twenty-two New World monkey species of the genera Callithrix, Cebuella, Callibella, and Mico. All four genera are part of the biological family Callitrichidae. The term "marmoset" is also used in reference to Goeldi's marmoset, Callimico goeldii, which is closely related.

Marmosets[1][2]
Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) at Tibau do Sul, Rio Grande do Norte
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Parvorder: Platyrrhini
Family: Callitrichidae
Groups included
Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa

Most marmosets are about 20 cm (8 in) long. Relative to other monkeys, they show some apparently primitive features; they have claws rather than nails, and tactile hairs on their wrists. They lack wisdom teeth, and their brain layout seems to be relatively primitive. Their body temperature is unusually variable, changing by up to 4°C (7°F) in a day.[5] Marmosets are native to South America and have been found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru.[6] They have also been occasionally spotted in Central America and southern Mexico.[7] They are sometimes kept as pets, though they have specific dietary and habitat needs that require consideration.[8]

According to recent research, marmosets exhibit germline chimerism, which is not known to occur in nature in any primates other than callitrichids.[9] 95% of marmoset fraternal twins trade blood through chorionic fusions, making them hematopoietic chimeras.[10][11]

Etymology edit

Callithrix comes from Ancient Greek and means "beautiful fur".

Species list edit

Behavior edit

Marmosets are highly active, living in the upper canopy of forest trees, and feeding on insects, fruit, leaves, tack, sap, and gum. They have long lower incisors, which allow them to chew holes in tree trunks and branches to harvest the gum inside; some species are specialised feeders on gum.[12]

Marmosets live in family groups of three to 15, consisting of one or two breeding females, an unrelated male, their offspring, and occasionally extended family members and unrelated individuals. Their mating systems are highly variable and can include monogamy, polygyny, and polyandry. In most species, fraternal twins are usually born, but triplets are not unknown. Like other callitrichines, marmosets are characterized by a high degree of cooperative care of the young and some food sharing and tolerated theft. Adult males, females other than the mother, and older offspring participate in carrying infants. Father marmosets are an exceptionally attentive example of fathers within the animal kingdom, going as far as assisting their mates in giving birth, cleaning up afterbirth, and even biting the umbilical cords attaching their newborn offspring to their mothers. Most groups scent mark and defend the edges of their ranges, but whether they are truly territorial is unclear, as group home ranges greatly overlap.

The favorite food of marmosets is carbohydrate-rich tree sap, which they reach by gnawing holes in trunks. Their territories are centered on the trees that they regularly exploit in this way. The smaller marmosets venture into the very top of forest canopies to hunt insects that are abundant there.[7]

References edit

  1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 129–133. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Garber, Paul A.; Estrada, Alejandro; Bicca-Marques, Júlio César; Heymann, Eckhard W.; Strier, Karen B., eds. (2008). "The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini): An Annotated Taxonomy". South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer. pp. 23–54. ISBN 978-0-387-78704-6.
  3. ^ "marmoset". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
  4. ^ . Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2021-09-28.
  5. ^ Stafford, S.G. (1999). "Thermoregulatory and Endocrine Adaptations of Small Body Size in Primates". Kent State University Dissertation, QP 135.S73, 1999.
  6. ^ Primate Info Net, Callithrix Factsheet, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
  7. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 2005-12-11. Retrieved 2005-12-06.
  8. ^ March 2017, Alina Bradford 29 (29 March 2017). "Facts About Marmosets". livescience.com. Retrieved 2020-11-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Ross, C.N.; French, J.A.; Ortí, G. (2007). "Germ-line chimerism and paternal care in marmosets (Callithrix kuhlii)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 104 (15): 6278–82. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6278R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0607426104. PMC 1851065. PMID 17389380.
  10. ^ Tachibana, Masahito; Sparman, Michelle; Mitalipov, Shoukhrat (January 2012). "Generation of Chimeric Rhesus Monkeys". Cell. 148 (1–2): 285–95. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.12.007. PMC 3264685. PMID 22225614.
  11. ^ Gengozian, N.; Batson, JS; Eide, P. (1964). "Hematologic and Cytogenetic Evidence for Hematopoietic Chimerism in the Marmoset, Tamarinus Nigricollis". Cytogenetics. 10 (6): 384–393. doi:10.1159/000129828. PMID 14267132.
  12. ^ Davis, Lesa C.; Ford, Susan M.; Porter, Leila M. (2009). The Smallest Anthropoids: The Marmoset/Callimico Radiation. p. 384. ISBN 978-1-4419-0292-4.

External links edit

  • Primate Info Net Callithrix Factsheets
  • Common Marmoset Care

February 16, 2024
marmoset, this, article, about, world, monkey, other, uses, disambiguation, confused, with, marmot, marmozets, marmosets, ɑːr, also, known, zaris, sagoin, twenty, world, monkey, species, genera, callithrix, cebuella, callibella, mico, four, genera, part, biolo. This article is about the new world monkey For other uses see Marmoset disambiguation Not to be confused with Marmot or Marmozets The marmosets ˈ m ɑːr m e ˌ z ɛ t s ˌ s ɛ t s 3 4 also known as zaris or sagoin are twenty two New World monkey species of the genera Callithrix Cebuella Callibella and Mico All four genera are part of the biological family Callitrichidae The term marmoset is also used in reference to Goeldi s marmoset Callimico goeldii which is closely related Marmosets 1 2 Common marmoset Callithrix jacchus at Tibau do Sul Rio Grande do NorteScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder PrimatesSuborder HaplorhiniInfraorder SimiiformesParvorder PlatyrrhiniFamily CallitrichidaeGroups includedCallibella M G M van Roosmalen amp T van Roosmalen 2003 Roosmalens dwarf marmoset Callimico Miranda Ribeiro 1922 Goeldi s marmoset Callithrix Erxleben 1777 Atlantic marmosets Cebuella Gray 1866 pygmy marmosets Mico Lesson 1840 Amazonian marmosets Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxaLeontopithecus Lesson 1840 lion tamarins Saguinus Hoffmannsegg 1807 tamarins Most marmosets are about 20 cm 8 in long Relative to other monkeys they show some apparently primitive features they have claws rather than nails and tactile hairs on their wrists They lack wisdom teeth and their brain layout seems to be relatively primitive Their body temperature is unusually variable changing by up to 4 C 7 F in a day 5 Marmosets are native to South America and have been found in Bolivia Brazil Colombia Ecuador Paraguay and Peru 6 They have also been occasionally spotted in Central America and southern Mexico 7 They are sometimes kept as pets though they have specific dietary and habitat needs that require consideration 8 According to recent research marmosets exhibit germline chimerism which is not known to occur in nature in any primates other than callitrichids 9 95 of marmoset fraternal twins trade blood through chorionic fusions making them hematopoietic chimeras 10 11 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Species list 3 Behavior 4 References 5 External linksEtymology editCallithrix comes from Ancient Greek and means beautiful fur Species list editGenus Callithrix Atlantic marmosets Common marmoset Callithrix jacchus Black tufted marmoset Callithrix penicillata Wied s marmoset Callithrix kuhlii White headed marmoset Callithrix geoffroyi Buffy headed marmoset Callithrix flaviceps Buffy tufted marmoset Callithrix aurita Genus Mico Amazonian marmosets Rio Acari marmoset Mico acariensis Silvery marmoset Mico argentatus White marmoset Mico leucippe Emilia s marmoset Mico emiliae Black headed marmoset Mico nigriceps Marca s marmoset Mico marcai Black tailed marmoset Mico melanura Santarem marmoset Mico humeralifer Maues marmoset Mico mauesi Munduruku marmoset Mico munduruku Gold and white marmoset Mico chrysoleucos Hershkovitz s marmoset Mico intermedius Satere marmoset Mico saterei Rondon s marmoset Mico rondoni Genus Callibella Roosmalens dwarf marmoset Roosmalens dwarf marmoset Callibella humilis Genus Cebuella Pygmy Marmoset Pygmy marmoset Cebuella pygmaeaBehavior editMarmosets are highly active living in the upper canopy of forest trees and feeding on insects fruit leaves tack sap and gum They have long lower incisors which allow them to chew holes in tree trunks and branches to harvest the gum inside some species are specialised feeders on gum 12 Marmosets live in family groups of three to 15 consisting of one or two breeding females an unrelated male their offspring and occasionally extended family members and unrelated individuals Their mating systems are highly variable and can include monogamy polygyny and polyandry In most species fraternal twins are usually born but triplets are not unknown Like other callitrichines marmosets are characterized by a high degree of cooperative care of the young and some food sharing and tolerated theft Adult males females other than the mother and older offspring participate in carrying infants Father marmosets are an exceptionally attentive example of fathers within the animal kingdom going as far as assisting their mates in giving birth cleaning up afterbirth and even biting the umbilical cords attaching their newborn offspring to their mothers Most groups scent mark and defend the edges of their ranges but whether they are truly territorial is unclear as group home ranges greatly overlap The favorite food of marmosets is carbohydrate rich tree sap which they reach by gnawing holes in trunks Their territories are centered on the trees that they regularly exploit in this way The smaller marmosets venture into the very top of forest canopies to hunt insects that are abundant there 7 References edit Groves C P 2005 Wilson D E Reeder D M eds Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press pp 129 133 ISBN 0 801 88221 4 OCLC 62265494 Garber Paul A Estrada Alejandro Bicca Marques Julio Cesar Heymann Eckhard W Strier Karen B eds 2008 The Diversity of the New World Primates Platyrrhini An Annotated Taxonomy South American Primates Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior Ecology and Conservation Developments in Primatology Progress and Prospects Springer pp 23 54 ISBN 978 0 387 78704 6 marmoset Merriam Webster com Dictionary Retrieved 2016 01 21 marmoset Lexico UK English Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on 2021 09 28 Stafford S G 1999 Thermoregulatory and Endocrine Adaptations of Small Body Size in Primates Kent State University Dissertation QP 135 S73 1999 Primate Info Net Callithrix Factsheet University of Wisconsin Madison a b The Primates New World Monkeys Archived from the original on 2005 12 11 Retrieved 2005 12 06 March 2017 Alina Bradford 29 29 March 2017 Facts About Marmosets livescience com Retrieved 2020 11 16 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Ross C N French J A Orti G 2007 Germ line chimerism and paternal care in marmosets Callithrix kuhlii Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 15 6278 82 Bibcode 2007PNAS 104 6278R doi 10 1073 pnas 0607426104 PMC 1851065 PMID 17389380 Tachibana Masahito Sparman Michelle Mitalipov Shoukhrat January 2012 Generation of Chimeric Rhesus Monkeys Cell 148 1 2 285 95 doi 10 1016 j cell 2011 12 007 PMC 3264685 PMID 22225614 Gengozian N Batson JS Eide P 1964 Hematologic and Cytogenetic Evidence for Hematopoietic Chimerism in the Marmoset Tamarinus Nigricollis Cytogenetics 10 6 384 393 doi 10 1159 000129828 PMID 14267132 Davis Lesa C Ford Susan M Porter Leila M 2009 The Smallest Anthropoids The Marmoset Callimico Radiation p 384 ISBN 978 1 4419 0292 4 External links editPrimate Info Net Callithrix Factsheets Common Marmoset Care Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marmoset amp oldid 1193883246, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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