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List of commonly used taxonomic affixes

December 29, 2022

This is a list of common affixes used when scientifically naming species, particularly extinct species for whom only their scientific names are used, along with their derivations.

See also

December 29, 2022
list, commonly, used, taxonomic, affixes, this, list, incomplete, help, adding, missing, items, december, 2015, this, article, section, should, specify, language, english, content, using, lang, transliteration, transliterated, languages, phonetic, transcriptio. This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items December 2015 This article or section should specify the language of its non English content using lang transliteration for transliterated languages and IPA for phonetic transcriptions with an appropriate ISO 639 code Wikipedia s multilingual support templates may also be used See why May 2020 This is a list of common affixes used when scientifically naming species particularly extinct species for whom only their scientific names are used along with their derivations Contents A B C D E F G H I L M N O P R S T U V X Z See also a an Pronunciation e a en an Origin Ancient Greek ἀ ἀn a an Meaning a prefix used to make words with a sense opposite to that of the root word in this case meaning without or less This is usually used to describe organisms without a certain characteristic as well as organisms in which that characteristic may not be immediately obvious Examples Anurognathus tail less jaw Apus without foot Apteryx wingless Pteranodon toothless wing acanth acantho cantho Pronunciation eɪkaen8 eɪkaen8oʊ Origin Ancient Greek ἄkan8a akantha Meaning spine Examples Acanthodes spiny base Acanthostega spine roof coelacanth hollow spine Acrocanthosaurus high spined lizard Acanthoderes spiny neck Acanthamoeba spiny amoeba aeto Pronunciation aɛto Origin Ancient Greek ἀetos aetos Meaning eagle Examples Aetonyx eagle claw Aetobatus eagle ray Aetosaur eagle lizard amphi Pronunciation amfiː amfɪ Origin Ancient Greek ἀmfi amphi Meaning both Examples Amphibia two types of life Amphicoelias hollow at both ends Amphicyon ambiguous dog anthus antho Pronunciation an8es an8oʊ Origin Ancient Greek ἄn8os anthos Meaning flower Examples Helianthus sunflower Anthophila flower loving Dianthus Zeus flower godly flower arch archi archo archus Pronunciation ark arkoʊ arkɪ arkes Origin Ancient Greek ἀrxos arkhos meaning ruler ἀrxikos arkhikos meaning ruling Used for exceptionally large or widespread animals Examples Archelon ruling turtle Architeuthis ruling squid Thalattoarchon Sea Ruler Archosaur ruling lizard Andrewsarchus Andrews s ruler archaeo Pronunciation arkiːɒ arkiːoʊ Origin Ancient Greek ἀrxaῖos arkhaios Meaning ancient Used for early versions of animals and plants Examples Archaeopteryx ancient wing Archaeoindris ancient Indri Archaeopteris ancient fern Archaeanthus ancient flower arctos arcto Pronunciation arktoʊz arktoʊ Origin Ancient Greek ἄrktos arktos Meaning bear Examples Phascolarctos bag bear Arctodus bear tooth Arctocyon bear dog arthro ar8roʊ Origin Ancient Greek ἄr8ron arthron Meaning joint Often used for animals with exoskeletons Examples Arthrospira jointed coil Arthropleura jointed rib arthropod jointed foot aspido aspis Pronunciation espɪdoʊ espɪs Origin Ancient Greek ἀspis aspis Meaning shield The suffix aspis is used to describe armored fish Examples Aspidochelone shield turtle Cephalaspis head shield Sacabambaspis Sacabamba shield Brindabellaspis Brindabella shield avis Pronunciation evɪs Origin Latin avis Meaning bird Examples Protoavis first bird Argentavis Argentine bird Eoalulavis little winged dawn bird bates Pronunciation baetiz Origin Ancient Greek bainw bainō Meaning wanderer one that treads Examples Hylobates forest wanderer Dendrobates tree wanderer brachi brachy pronunciation braekɪ Origin Ancient Greek braxys braxiwn brakhus brakhiōn Meaning short and the short part of the arm or upper arm respectively Used in its original meaning and also to mean arm Examples Brachylophosaurus short crested lizard Brachiosaurus arm lizard Brachyceratops short horned face bronto Pronunciation brɒntoʊ Origin Ancient Greek bronth brontḗ Meaning thunder Used for large animals Examples Brontosaurus thunder lizard Brontotherium thunder beast Brontoscorpio thunder scorpion Brontochelys thunder turtle canth cantho see acanth acantho carcharo Pronunciation kerkaero Origin Ancient Greek karxaros karkharos Meaning sharp jagged extended via Ancient Greek karxarias karkharias to mean shark Examples Carcharodon jagged tooth Carcharocles glorious shark Carcharodontosaurus serrated tooth lizard cephalus cephalo cephale cephalian Pronunciation sɛfeles sɛfeloʊ sɛfeli sɛfeɪliːen Origin Ancient Greek kefalh kephalḗ Meaning head Examples Sclerocephalus hard head Euoplocephalus well protected head Pachycephalosaurus thick headed lizard Amtocephale Amtgai head Therocephalian beast headed ceras cerat ceratus Pronunciation sɛres sɛret sɛretes Origin Ancient Greek keras keras Meaning horn Used for many horned animals but most notably ceratopsians Examples Stegoceras roof horn Triceratops three horned face Orthoceras straight horn Megaloceras big horn Ceratosaurus horned lizard Microceratus small horned rhinoceros nose horn Albertoceras Alberta horn cetio cetus Pronunciation sɛtɪoʊ siːtes Origin Ancient Greek kῆtos ketos Meaning sea monster The suffix cetus is used for whales or whale ancestors while the prefix cetio is used for whale like or large animals Examples Peregocetus Perego whale Cetiosaurus whale lizard Ambulocetus walking whale Pakicetus Pakistan whale cheirus Pronunciation kaɪres Origin Ancient Greek xeir kheir Meaning hand Examples Deinocheirus terrible hand Ornithocheirus bird hand Austrocheirus southern hand Haplocheirus simple hand chloro Pronunciation kloroʊ Origin Ancient Greek xlwros khlōros Meaning green Examples Chlorophyta green plant Chlorophyll green leaf choer Pronunciation koɪroʊ Origin Ancient Greek xoiros koiros Meaning pig Examples Choeroichthys pig fish Choerophryne frog pig Choerodon pig tooth coel Pronunciation siːl or sɛl Origin Ancient Greek koῖlos koilos Meaning hollow Examples coelacanth hollow spine Coelodonta hollow tooth Coelophysis hollow form Amphicoelias hollow at both ends cyan cyano Pronunciation saɪaeno Origin Ancient Greek kyaneos kuaneos Meaning dark blue blue dark blue green Examples Cyanocitta blue jay Cyanobacteria blue bacteria Cyanocorax blue raven cyclo Pronunciation saɪkloʊ or saɪklɒ Origin Ancient Greek kyklos kuklos Meaning circle Examples Cyclomedusa circle Medusa Cyclostomata circle mouth cyn cyon Pronunciation saɪn saɪɒn Origin Ancient Greek kywn kuon Meaning dog Used for dogs or dog like creatures Examples Cynodont dog tooth Cynognathus dog jaw Cynopterus dog wing Arctocyon bear dog Procyonidae before the dog dactyl dactylus Pronunciation daektel daekteles Origin Ancient Greek daktylos daktulos Meaning finger toe Examples artiodactyl even toe Pterodactylus wing finger perissodactyl uneven toe deres Origin Ancient Greek derh dere Meaning neck collar Examples Acanthoderes spiny neck derm Pronunciation dɜrm Origin Ancient Greek derma derma Meaning animal hide Used for skin Examples placoderm plated skin echinoderm hedgehog skin ostracoderm shell skin delphys delphis delpho Pronunciation dɜlfɪs dɜlfʊ Origin Ancient Greek delfys delphis Meaning womb Used for therian mammals Examples Sinodelphys Chinese womb Didelphis two wombs Didelphodon two womb ie opossum tooth Delphinius with a womb dendro dendron dendrum Pronunciation dɛn dɹoʊ ˈdɛndɹen dɛndɹem Origin Ancient Greek dendron dendron Meaning tree Examples Rhododendron rose tree Liriodendron lily tree Dendrocnide tree nettle Epidendrum above tree Lepidodendron scaled tree di Pronunciation daɪ Origin Ancient Greek dis dis Meaning twice Used to indicate two of something Examples Dilophosaurus twice crested lizard Diceratops two horned face diapsid two arches dino deino Pronunciation daɪnoʊ Origin Ancient Greek deinos deinos Meaning terrible formidable Used for presumably fearfully large or dangerous animals or animal parts Examples dinosaur terrible lizard Dinofelis terrible cat Dinornis terrible bird Deinonychus terrible claw Deinocheirus terrible hand Dinodocus terrible beam Deinosuchus terrible crocodile Dinohippus terrible horse Dinosorex terrible shrew Deinococcus terrible grannule diplo Pronunciation dɪploʊ dɪplo Origin Ancient Greek diploos diploῦs diploos diplous Meaning double Examples Diplodocus double beam Diplopoda double feet Diplomonad double unit Diplovertebron double vertebra don dont donto see odon odont odonto draco Pronunciation drakoʊs Origin Ancient Greek drakos drakos Meaning dragon Examples Dracophyllum dragon race Dracocephalum dragon head Dracaena female dragon dromaeo dromeo dromeus Pronunciation droʊmɪoʊ droʊmɪes Origin Ancient Greek dromaῖos dromaios Meaning runner Examples Dromaeosaurus runner lizard Kulindadromeus Kulinda runner Thalassodromeus sea runner Eodromaeus dawn runner eo Pronunciation iːoʊ Origin Ancient Greek ἠws eṓs Meaning dawn Used for very early appearances of animals in the fossil record Examples Eohippus dawn horse Eomaia dawn Maia Eoraptor dawn seizer erpeton Pronunciation ɜrpetɒn Origin Ancient Greek ἑrpeton herpeton Meaning reptile literally creeping thing used for amphibians Examples Hynerpeton Hyner creeper Greererpeton Greer creeper Arizonerpeton Arizona creeper Albanerpeton La Grive Saint Alban creeper eu Pronunciation iːu Origin Ancient Greek eὖ eu Meaning good well also extended via New Latin to mean true Used in a variety of ways often to indicate well preserved specimens well developed bones truer examples of fossil forms or simply admiration on the part of the discoverer Examples Euparkeria Parker s good animal Euhelopus good marsh foot Eustreptospondylus true Streptospondylus Eucoelophysis True Coelophysis felis Pronunciation fiːlɪs Origin Latin felis feles Meaning cat Felis alone is the genus name for the group that includes the domestic cat Examples Dinofelis terrible cat Eofelis dawn cat Pardofelis leopard cat form formes Pronunciation foʊrm foʊrms Origin Latin forma Meaning shape form Used for large groups of animals that share similar characteristics also used in names of bird and fish orders Examples Galliformes chicken form Anseriformes goose form Squaliformes shark form giga giganto Pronunciation d ʒaɪge d ʒaɪgaentoʊ Origin Ancient Greek gigas gῐ gᾰntos gigas gigantos Meaning giant of a giant respectively Used for large species Examples Giganotosaurus giant southern lizard Gigantopithecus giant ape Gigantoraptor giant seizer Gigantopterus giant fin gnath gnatho gnathus Pronunciation neɪ8 neɪ8oʊ neɪ8es or gneɪ8es Origin Ancient Greek gna8os gnathos Meaning jaw Examples Caenagnathasia recent Asian jaw Gnathostoma jaw mouth Cynognathus dog jaw Compsognathus elegant jaw Gnathosaurus jaw lizard haplo Pronunciation haeple Origin Ancient Greek ἁplῶs haplos Meaning simple Examples Haplorhini simple nosed Haplocheirus simple hand hemi Pronunciation hɛmi Origin Ancient Greek ἡmi hemi Meaning half Examples Hemicyon half dog hemichordate half chordate Hemiptera half wing hespero Pronunciation hɛsperoʊ Origin Ancient Greek ἕsperos hesperos Meaning western originally evening Examples Hesperornis western bird Hesperocyon western dog Hesperosaurus western lizard hippus hippo Pronunciation hɪpes hɪpoʊ Origin Ancient Greek ἵppos hippos Meaning horse Examples Eohippus dawn horse Hippodraco horse dragon Hippopotamus river horse hyl hylo Pronunciation haɪl haɪloʊ or haɪlɒ Origin Ancient Greek ὕlh hule Meaning wood forest Examples Hylonomus forest dweller Hylobates forest walker Hylarana forest frog ia Pronunciation iːe Origin Ancient Greek ia eia ia eia Meaning an abstraction usually used as an honorific for a person or place Examples Dickinsonia for Dickinson Cooksonia for Cookson Coloradia for Colorado Edmontonia for Edmonton Thomashuxleya for Thomas Huxley ichthyo ichthys Pronunciation ɪk8ioʊs ɪk8is Origin Ancient Greek ἰx8ῦs ikhthus Meaning fish The suffix ichthys is used for fish while the prefix ichthyo while used for fish is also used for fish like creatures Examples Ichthyosaurus fish lizard Leedsichthys Leeds s fish Haikouichthys Haikou fish Ichthyostega fish roof lania Pronunciation laeniːe Origin Ancient Greek ἀlainein alainein Meaning to wander Used for animals that are found in most places around continents Examples Meiolania weak wanderer Megalania great wanderer leo Pronunciation lɛʊ Origin Ancient Greek lewn leon Meaning lion Examples Leopardus spotted lion Leontopodium lion foot Leontopithecus lion ape lepis lepido Pronunciation lɛpɪs lɛpɪdoʊ or lɛpɪdɒ Origin Ancient Greek lepis lepis Meaning scale Examples Mongolepis Mongol scale Stagonolepis ornamented scale Polymerolepis many part scale Lepidosauria scaled lizards Lepidoptera scaled wing Lepidodendron scaled tree lestes Pronunciation lɛstiːz Origin Ancient Greek lῃsths leistḗs Meaning robber Examples Carpolestes fruit robber Ornitholestes bird robber Sarcolestes flesh robber Necrolestes grave robber long Pronunciation lʊng Origin simplified Chinese 龙 traditional Chinese 龍 Meaning dragon Used for dinosaur finds in China Examples Mei long sleeping dragon Bolong small dragon Zuolong Zuo s dragon Shaochilong shark toothed dragon lopho lophus Pronunciation lɒfoʊ lefes Origin Ancient Greek lofos lophos Meaning A bird s crest Used for animals with crests on their heads Examples Dilophosaurus two crested lizard Brachylophosaurus short crested lizard Saurolophus lizard crest lyco Pronunciation lɪkoʊ Origin Ancient Greek lykos lykos Meaning wolf Examples Lycopodium wolf foot Lycodon wolf tooth Lycoperdon wolf fart macro Pronunciation maekroʊ Origin Ancient Greek makros makros Meaning correctly long usually large Examples macropod big foot Macrodontophion big tooth snake Macrogryphosaurus big enigmatic lizard maia maia Pronunciation meie Origin Ancient Greek Maῖa Maia Meaning Originally the mother of Hermes in Greek mythology and the goddess of growth in Roman mythology alternatively spelled Maja Frequently used to indicate maternal roles this word should not be construed as translating directly to mother Latin mater Ancient Greek mhthr mḗter aside from being a proper name in Ancient Greek maia can translate to midwife or foster mother and was used as an honorific address for older women typically translated into English as Good Mother Examples Maiasaura Good Mother Maia s lizard Eomaia dawn Maia Juramaia Jurassic Maia Maiacetus mother whale mega megalo Pronunciation mɛga mɛgaloʊ Origin Ancient Greek megas megalh megas megale Meaning big Examples Megarachne big spider Megalosaurus big lizard megalodon big tooth micro Pronunciation maɪkroʊ Origin Ancient Greek mikros mikros Meaning small Examples Microraptor small seizer Microvenator small hunter Microceratops small horned face mimo mimus maɪmoʊ maɪmes Origin Latin mimus Meaning actor Used for creatures that resemble others Examples Struthiomimus ostrich mimic Ornithomimus bird mimic Gallimimus chicken mimic ornithomimosaur bird mimic lizard monas monad Pronunciation moʊnas monas moʊnad monad Origin Ancient Greek monas monas Meaning unit Used for single celled organisms Examples Chlamydomonas cloak unit Pseudomonas false unit Metamonad encompassing unit morph Pronunciation moʊrf Origin Ancient Greek morfh morphḗ Meaning form shape Used for large groups of animals which share a common genetic lineage Examples crocodylomorphs crocodile form sauropodomorphs sauropod form Muscomorpha fly form Dimorphodon two forms of teeth nax anax Pronunciation nax aenax Origin Ancient Greek ἄna3 anax Meaning king Examples Lythronax gore king Saurophaganax king of the lizard eaters noto Pronunciation notoʊ Origin Ancient Greek notos Meaning south southern wind Used for organisms found in the Southern Hemisphere Examples Giganotosaurus giant southern lizard Notosuchus southern crocodile Notopalaeognathae southern old jaws nych nycho nyx see onych onycho onyx odon odont odonto Pronunciation oʊdɒn oʊdɒnt oʊdɒntoʊ Origin Ancient Greek ὀdoys odous Meaning tooth Examples Dimetrodon two measures of teeth cynodont dog tooth Carcharodontosaurus serrated tooth lizard oides odes Pronunciation oiːdiːz oʊːdiːz Origin Ancient Greek eἶdos eidos Meaning likeness Used for species that resemble other species Examples Hypocnemoides like Hypocnemis Aetobarbakinoides like the long legged buzzard Callianthemoides like Callianthemum Argyrodes like silver onycho onychus onyx ɒnikoʊ ɒnikes or ɒnaɪkoʊ ɒnaɪkes ɒniks Origin Ancient Greek ὄny3 onux Meaning claw Examples Deinonychus terrible claw Euronychodon European claw tooth Nothronychus sloth claw Baryonyx heavy claw ophi Pronunciation ɒfɪs Origin Ancient Greek ὄfis ophis Meaning snake Used for Ophidia or snake like animals Examples Ophiacodon snake tooth Ophisaurus snake lizard Ophiopogon snake beard ops Pronunciation ɒps Origin Ancient Greek ὄps ops Meaning face Examples Triceratops three horned face Lycaenops wolf face Moschops calf face Spinops spine face ornis ornith ornitho Pronunciation oʊ rnɪs oʊ rnɪ8 oʊ rnɪ8oʊ Origin Ancient Greek ὄrnis ὄrni8os ornis ornithos Meaning bird of a bird respectively ornith and ornitho are generally used for animals with birdlike characteristics the suffix ornis is generally applied to fossil bird species Examples ornithischian bird hipped Ornithocheirus bird hand Eoconfuciusornis Confucius s dawn bird pachy Pronunciation paeki Origin Ancient Greek paxys pakhus Meaning thick Examples Pachycephalosaurus thick headed lizard Pachylemur thick lemur Pachyuromys thick tailed mouse Pachydermata thick skin para Pronunciation paerɑː Origin Ancient Greek para para Meaning near Used for species that resemble previously named species Examples Paranthodon near Anthodon Pararhabdodon near Rhabdodon Parasaurolophus near Saurolophus pelta Pronunciation pɛlte Origin Ancient Greek pelth pelte Meaning shield Frequently used for ankylosaurs Examples Sauropelta lizard shield Dracopelta dragon shield Cedarpelta Cedar shield philus phila philo Pronunciation fiːles fiːle fiːloʊ Origin Ancient Greek filos philos Meaning dear beloved loving Used for organisms perceived as having a fondness for a particular thing Examples Sarcophilus flesh loving Drosophila dew loving Anthophila flower loving Philodendron loving trees phyton phyta phyto phyte Pronunciation faɪten faite faɪtoʊ faɪt Origin Ancient Greek fyton phuton Meaning plant Examples Spermatophyta seed plant Rhyniophyte Rhynie plant Phytophthora plant destroyer Phytolacca plant lac pithecus pitheco Pronunciation pi8ekes pi8ekoʊ pi8eke Origin Ancient Greek pi8hkos pithekos Meaning ape monkey Examples Australopithecus southern ape Ardipithecus floor ape Gigantopithecus giant ape Pithecellobium monkey earring platy Pronunciation ˈplaetɪ Origin Ancient Greek platys platus Meaning flat Used for creatures that are flat or have flat parts Examples Platyhelminthes flat worm Platybelodon flat spear tusk Platycodon flat bell platypus flat foot plesio plesi Pronunciation pliːziːoʊ pliːz or pliːʒ Origin Ancient Greek plhsion plesion Meaning near Used for species that bear similarities to other species Examples Plesiosaurus near lizard Plesiorycteropus near aardvark Plesiobaena near Baena Plesiadapis near Adapis pod podo pus Pronunciation pɒd pɒdoʊ pʊs Origin Ancient Greek poys podos pous podos Meaning foot of the foot respectively Examples Ornithopod bird foot Brachypodosaurus short footed lizard Moropus slow foot pro protero pronunciation proʊ proʊ teroʊ Origin Ancient Greek pro proteros pro proteros Meaning before Usually used for ancestral forms Examples Proterosuchus before crocodile Procompsognathus before elegant jaw Prosaurolophus before lizard crest proto Pronunciation proʊtoʊ Origin Ancient Greek prῶtos prōtos Meaning first Used for early appearances in the fossil record Examples Protoceratops first horned face Protognathosaurus first jaw lizard Protohadros first hadrosaur psittaco psitta Pronunciation sitɑːkoʊ psite Origin Ancient Greek psittakos psittakos Meaning parrot Psittaco is used for parrot like creatures while the suffix psitta is used for parrots Examples Psittacosaurus parrot lizard Cyclopsitta Cyclops parrot Xenopsitta strange parrot pter ptero pterus pteryg ptera pteryx Pronunciation ter teroʊ pteres terɪg pterɪx Origin Ancient Greek ptery3 pterygos pterux pterugos Meaning wing of a wing respectively Used for many winged creatures but also expanded to mean fin and used for many undersea arthropods The suffix ptera is also used in orders of winged insects Examples Pteranodon toothless wing Pterodactylus winged finger Eurypterus wide wing or fin Pterygotus winged or finned Coleoptera sheathed wing Archaeopteryx ancient wing Stenopterygius narrow finned pus see pod podo pus raptor raptor Pronunciation raepter Origin Latin raptor Meaning robber thief Frequently used for dromaeosaurids or similar animals The term raptor by itself may also be used for a dromeosaurid a Velociraptor or originally a bird of prey Examples Velociraptor swift robber Utahraptor Utah robber Raptorex thief king rex Pronunciation reks Origin Latin rex Meaning king Often used for large or impressive animals Examples Raptorex thief king Dracorex dragon king Tyrannosaurus rex tyrant lizard king rhina rhino rhinus Pronunciation raɪne raɪnoʊ raɪnes Origin Ancient Greek ῥis rhis Meaning nose Examples Altirhinus high nose Pachyrhinosaurus thick nosed lizard Lycorhinus wolf nose Arrhinoceratops noseless horned face Cretoxyrhina Cretaceous sharp nose rhinoceros nose horn rhodo Pronunciation roʊdoʊ rodoʊ Origin Ancient Greek ῥodon rhodon Meaning rose Used for red colored or otherwise rose like organisms Examples Rhododendron rose tree Rhodophyta rose plant Rhodomonas rose unit rhynco rhynchus Pronunciation rɪnkoʊ rɪnkes Origin Ancient Greek ῥygxos rhugkhos Meaning beak snout Examples Rhamphorhynchus prow beak Aspidorhynchus shield snout Ornithorhynchus bird beak rhynchosaur beaked lizard sarco Pronunciation sɑːrkʊ Origin Ancient Greek sar3 sarx Meaning flesh Used for flesh eating animals or animals and plants with fleshy parts Examples Sarcophilus flesh loving Sarcopterygii fleshy fin Sarcosuchus flesh crocodile saur sauro saurus Pronunciation sɔer sɔeroʊ sɔeres Origin Ancient Greek saῦros sauros Meaning lizard Used for dinosaurs and other extinct reptiles Examples Dinosaur terrible lizard Mosasaur Meuse lizard Tyrannosaurus tyrant lizard Allosaurus different lizard Sauroposeidon Poseidon lizard sino Pronunciation saɪnoʊ Origin Latin Sina Meaning from China Used for ancient and other civilizations Examples Sinornithosaurus Chinese bird lizard Sinosauropteryx Chinese lizard wing Sinoceratops Chinese horned face smilo smilus Pronunciation smaɪloʊ smaɪles Origin Ancient Greek smilh smile Meaning a carving knife or chisel Used for animals with sabre teeth Examples Smilodon knife tooth Smilosuchus knife crocodile Thylacosmilus pouched knife Xenosmilus strange knife spondylus Pronunciation spɒndeles Origin Ancient Greek spondylos spondulos Meaning vertebra Examples Streptospondylus backwards vertebra Massospondylus longer vertebra Bothriospondylus excavated vertebra squali squalo Pronunciation skweɪlɪ skweɪloʊ Origin Latin squalus Meaning a kind of sea fish Used for shark like creatures Examples Squalodon shark tooth Squaliformes shark form Squalicorax shark raven Squalomorphii shark shape stego stega Pronunciation stɛgoʊ stɛge Origin Ancient Greek stegh stege Meaning roof Used for armoured or plated animals Examples Stegosaurus roofed lizard Ichthyostega roofed fish Acanthostega spine roof strepto Pronunciation streptoʊ strepto Origin Ancient Greek streptos streptos Meaning twisted bent Examples Streptophyta bent plant Streptococcus twisted granule Streptospondylus twisted vertebra stoma stome stomus Pronunciation stoʊma stoʊm stoʊmes Origin Ancient Greek stoma stoma Meaning mouth Examples deuterostome second mouth Gnathostoma jaw mouth Anastomus on mouth sucho suchus Pronunciation sjuːkoʊ sjuːkes Origin Ancient Greek soῦxos soukhos Meaning Originally the Ancient Greek name for the Ancient Egyptian crocodile headed god Sobek Used to denote crocodilians or crocodile like animals Examples Deinosuchus terrible crocodile Anatosuchus duck crocodile Suchomimus crocodile mimic tauro taeres Origin Latin taurus Meaning bull Examples Taurotragus male goat bull Taurovenator bull hunter Carnotaurus flesh bull teuthis Pronunciation tjuː8ɪs Origin Ancient Greek tey8is teuthis Meaning squid Used for squids and similar cephalopods Examples Gonioteuthis narrow squid Architeuthis ruling squid Vampyroteuthis vampire squid Cylindroteuthis cylindrical squid thero therium Pronunciation 8ɛroʊ 8iːrɪem Origin Ancient Greek 8hr thḗr Meaning beast Used for supposedly monstrous animals The suffix therium is often used to denote extinct mammals Examples theropod beast foot Deinotherium terrible beast Megatherium big beast Brontotherium thunder beast Uintatherium beast of the Uinta mountains thylac Pronunciation 8aɪlaek Origin Ancient Greek 8ylakos thulakos Meaning a sack In the sense of pouch used for marsupials Examples Thylacine pouched one Thylacoleo pouched lion Thylacosmilus pouched knife tri Pronunciation traɪ Origin Ancient Greek tria tria Meaning three Examples Triceratops three horned face Triconodon three coned teeth trilobite three lobes titano titan Pronunciation taɪtaenoʊ taɪten Origin Ancient Greek Titan Titᾶnos Titan Titanos Meaning Titan of the Titan respectively Used for large animals Examples Titanosaurus Titan lizard Giraffatitan giraffe Titan Anatotitan duck Titan Titanotherium Titan beast Titanoboa Titanic boa tyranno tyrannus Pronunciation taɪraenoʊ taɪraenes Origin Ancient Greek tyrannos turannos Meaning tyrant Used for animals similar to Tyrannosaurus Examples Zhuchengtyrannus Zhucheng tyrant Tyrannosaurus tyrant lizard Nanotyrannus dwarf tyrant Tyrannotitan Titanic tyrant Sinotyrannus Chinese tyrant Suskityrannus coyote tyrant urus uro Pronunciation uːres uːroʊ Origin Ancient Greek oὐra oura Meaning tail Examples Dasyurus hairy tail Coelurosauria hollow tail lizards Uromastyx tail scourge veloci Pronunciation velɑsɪ Origin Latin velox Meaning speed Example Velociraptor quick thief Velocisaurus swift lizard venator Pronunciation vɛneter Origin Latin venator Meaning hunter Examples Afrovenator African hunter Juravenator Jura hunter Scorpiovenator scorpion hunter Neovenator new hunter Concavenator Cuenca hunter xeno Pronunciation zinoʊ Origin Ancient Greek 3enos xenos Meaning strange stranger Used for organisms that exhibit unusual traits for their class Examples Xenosmilus strange knife Xenotarsosaurus strange ankled lizard Xenopsitta strange parrot Xenocyon strange dog Xenokeryx strange horn Xenostega strange roof Xenohyla strange hynadae Xenozancla strange animal Xenodermus strange skin zoon zoa Pronunciation zoʊɑːn zoʊe Origin Ancient Greek zῷon zōion Meaning animal Used for broad categories of animals or in certain names of animals Examples Metazoa encompassing animals Parazoa near animals Ecdysozoa moulting animals Yunnanozoon animal from Yunnan Yuyuanozoon animal from Yu Yuan See also EditList of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names List of Greek and Latin roots in English List of Latin words with English derivatives List of medical roots suffixes and prefixes Latin names of cities 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