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List of Christian heresies

A heresy is a belief or doctrine that is considered to be false or erroneous by the mainstream Christian Church. Heresies have been a major source of division and conflict within the Christian Church throughout its history. The Church has responded to heresies in a variety of ways, including through theological debate, excommunication, and even violence.[1] This is a list of all Christian heresies that have been condemned by one or more Christian Church(es).

1st century edit

Heresy Rejected by Description
Docetism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism The belief of Docetism holds that Jesus Christ did not have a real physical body, but only an apparent or illusory one.[2]

2nd century edit

Montanism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism A movement that emphasizes the importance of prophecy and ecstatic experiences.[3]
Adoptionism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism The belief that Jesus Christ was not the Son of God from eternity, but was adopted by God at some point in his life.[4]
Universalism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism The belief that all people will eventually be saved. Universalists believe that God's love is so great that no one will be excluded from salvation.[5]
Valentinianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism A Gnostic heresy that taught that the world was created by a series of emanations from the supreme being. Valentinians believed that salvation came from knowledge of the true nature of the universe.
Sabellianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism The belief that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are not three distinct persons, but are simply different manifestations of the same divine being.[6]
Gnosticism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism A complex system of thought that teaches that the material world is evil and that salvation can be achieved through knowledge (gnosis).[7]
Marcionism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism A heresy that arose in the 2nd century AD. Marcionists believed that the God of the Old Testament was a different god from the God of the New Testament.[8]
Monarchianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism A heresy that taught that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit were all the same being. Monarchians were also known as Unitarians.[9]
Modalism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism Modalism is the belief that the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are three different modes of God, as opposed to a Trinitarian view of three distinct persons within the Godhead.[10]
Patripassianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism The belief that the Father and Son are not two distinct persons, and both God the Father and the Son suffered on the cross as Jesus.[11]
Psilanthropism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism The belief that Jesus is "merely human": and that he never became divine, or that he never existed prior to his birth as a man.[12]
Sethianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism Sethianism was a 2nd-century Gnostic movement that believed in a supreme God, Sophia, the Demiurge, and gnosis as the path to salvation.[13]
Basilideanism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism Basilideanism was a Gnostic Christian sect founded by Basilides of Alexandria. Basilidians believed that the material world was created by an evil demiurge and that the goal of salvation was to escape from this world and return to the spiritual realm.[14]

3rd century edit

Novatianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism A movement that arose in response to the persecution of Christians by the Roman Empire. Novatians believed that Christians who had lapsed during the persecution could not be forgiven.[15]

4th century edit

Arianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism The belief that Jesus Christ is not fully divine, but is a created being.[16]
Donatism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism A movement that arose in North Africa in the 4th century AD. Donatists believed that the Catholic Church had become corrupt and that only the Donatists were the true Christians.[17]
Apollinarianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism The belief that Jesus did not have a human mind or soul, but only a human body.[18]
Tritheism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism The belief that there are three gods, rather than one God in three persons.[19]
Collyridianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism The belief is that the Trinity consists of the Father, Son, and Mary and that the Son results from the marital union between the other two.[20]
Binitarianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism Binitarianism is a Christian heresy that teaches that there are only two persons in the Godhead: the Father and the Son. The Holy Spirit is not considered to be a separate person, but rather an aspect of the Son or the Father.[21]
Subordinationism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism A heresy that teaches that the Son and the Holy Spirit are not co-equal with the Father. Subordinationists believe that the Son and the Holy Spirit are subordinate to the Father in either nature, role, or both.[22]
Anomoeanism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism A heresy that taught that Jesus was not fully divine, but was a created being. Anomoeans also believed that Christ could not be like God because he lacked the quality of self-existence.[23]
Antidicomarians Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches Antidicomarians also called Dimoerites, were a Christian sect active from the 3rd to the 5th century who rejected the perpetual virginity of Mary. They were condemned by St. Epiphanius of Salamis in the 4th century.[24]

5th century edit

Nestorianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism The belief that Jesus Christ was two persons, the divine Son of God and the human Jesus of Nazareth. Nestorius said that the Virgin Mary is not the Mother of God (Theotokos) because she gave birth to the human part Jesus, not the divine Son of God, and called her Christotokos. Nestorianism was condemned as a heresy by the Council of Ephesus (431)[25]
Pelagianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism The belief that humans can be saved by their own efforts, without the need for God's grace.[26]
Eutychianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism The belief that Christ is in one nature and of two, with the humanity of Christ subsumed by the divinity.[27]
Monophysitism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism The belief that Christ has only one nature, which is divine.[28]
Miaphysitism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, mainline Protestantism The belief that Christ is fully divine and fully human, in one nature (physis).[29][30]

6th century edit

Three Chapters Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches The "Three Chapters" were three "Nestorian" writings (The person and writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, some writings of Theodoret of Cyrus, and an epistle by Ibas of Edessa to Maris). The Byzantine Emperor Justinian desired to reunite the Miaphysite and Chalcedonian Churches throughout Byzantium, and so anathematized the Three Chapters and commanded Byzantine bishops (which included at the time the Pope) to do so as well. Pope Vigilius however believed doing so would undermine the authority of Chalcedon, and so initially refused to do so. Eventually, after incarceration and deportation to Constantinople, he agreed to anathematize the Three Chapters and concur with the Emperor in December of 553.[31]

7th century edit

Iconoclasm Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches Iconoclasm was a movement that arose in the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century. Iconoclasts believed that the veneration of icons was idolatry. The iconoclastic controversy lasted for centuries until the Council of Nicaea II in 787 when the veneration of icons was officially restored.[32]
Monothelitism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, mainline Protestantism Monothelitism was a heresy that arose in the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century. Monothelites believed that Christ had only one will, which was divine.[33]
Paulicianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, mainline Protestantism Paulicianism was a heresy that arose in the 7th century. Paulicians believed that the material world is evil, and the only way to salvation is to reject it.[34]

12th century edit

Catharism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, mainline Protestantism Catharism was a Christian dualist or Gnostic movement between the 12th and 14th centuries which thrived in Southern Europe, particularly in northern Italy and southern France.[35]

15th Century edit

Stephanism Oriental Orthodox Churches The Stephanites were a sect in Ethiopia which rejected veneration of icons, saints, and angels. The sect was subject to suppression on account of its rejection of the legendary origins of the Solomonic Dynasty. It greatly resembled later Protestant movements in Europe.[36]

16th century edit

Socinianism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, mainline Protestantism A heresy that denied the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus Christ. Socinians believed that Jesus was a human being who was inspired by God.[37]
Protestantism Catholic Church Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that broke away from the Catholic Church in the 16th century. The Catholic Church condemned Protestantism as a heresy on numerous occasions. In 1521, Pope Leo X issued the bull Exsurge Domine, which condemned 41 propositions from Martin Luther's writings. In 1530, the Council of Trent condemned 20 propositions from the Augsburg Confession, the foundational document of Lutheranism. And in 1563, the Council of Trent condemned 10 propositions from the Calvinist confession of faith.[38]

17th century edit

Jansenism Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, mainline Protestantism A religious movement within the Catholic Church that arose in the 17th century. It was named after Cornelius Jansen, a Dutch theologian who wrote a book called "Augustinus" that argued that human beings are incapable of saving themselves by their own efforts and that salvation is entirely a matter of God's grace.[39]
Quietism Catholic Church A religious movement within the Catholic Church which held that Christians should do nothing so as to not impede God's active will, and that men ought to remain silent.[40]

18th century edit

Febronianism Catholic Church A religious movement within the Catholic Church that sought to make Catholicism more relevant to local cultures, reduce the power of the Pope, and reunite with Protestant Churches.[41]

20th century edit

Americanism Catholic Church A political and religious outlook attributed to some American Catholics and denounced as heresy by the Holy See.[42]
Feeneyism Catholic Church The rejection of the doctrines of Baptism of desire and Baptism of blood, on the grounds that they grant justification but are not sufficient for salvation. Named for Leonard Feeney, a Jesuit priest from Boston.[43]
Modernism Catholic Church The belief that all doctrines are subject to change, and that doctrines ought to change depending on the time and location. Condemned by Pope Pius X in the encyclical Pascendi Dominici Gregis.[44]

References edit

  1. ^ Grant, Robert McQueen (1993). Heresy and Criticism: The Search for Authenticity in Early Christian Literature. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22168-3.
  2. ^ "Docetism". Britannica. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  3. ^ "Montanism". Montanism | History, Teachings, Heresy, Founder, & Facts | Britannica. Britannica. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
  4. ^ Macquarrie, John (2003). Christology Revisited. SCM Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-334-02930-4.
  5. ^ "Universalism". Britannica. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  6. ^ Henry, Wace. Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature. Delmarva Publications, Inc. p. 27.
  7. ^ King, Karen L. (2003). What is Gnosticism?. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01762-7.
  8. ^ Lieu, Judith (2015-03-26). Marcion and the Making of a Heretic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02904-0.
  9. ^ "Monarchianism". Britannica. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  10. ^ Hayes, Jerry L. (2015-09-30). Godhead Theology: Modalism, The Original Orthodoxy. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-5169-8352-0.[self-published source?]
  11. ^ Sarot, Marcel (1990). "Patripassianism, Theopaschitism and the Suffering of God. Some Historical and Systematic Considerations". Religious Studies. 26 (3): 363–375. doi:10.1017/S0034412500020527. ISSN 1469-901X. S2CID 170256904.
  12. ^ Machen, J. Gresham (1987). The Virgin Birth of Christ. James Clarke & Co. pp. 22–36. ISBN 978-0-227-67630-1.
  13. ^ Rasimus, Tuomas (2009-10-31). Paradise Reconsidered in Gnostic Mythmaking: Rethinking Sethianism in Light of the Ophite Evidence. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-474-2670-7.
  14. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Basilides". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
  15. ^ "Novatian and Novatianism". Catholic Answers. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  16. ^ Williams, Rowan (2002-01-24). Arius: Heresy and Tradition. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4674-3175-0.
  17. ^ "Donatist". Britannica. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
  18. ^ "Apollinarianism". Catholic Answers. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  19. ^ "tritheism". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  20. ^ "Collyridianism". Catholic Answers. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  21. ^ Boyarin, Daniel (2010-11-24). Border Lines: The Partition of Judaeo-Christianity. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-8122-0384-4.
  22. ^ "Subordinationism | Christianity | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  23. ^ "Anomoean | Anomoean | Monophysite, Miaphysite, Dyophysite | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-08-25.
  24. ^ Shipman, Andrew Jackson (1907). "Antidicomarianites" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1.
  25. ^ Chesnut, Roberta C. (1978). "The Two Prosopa in Nestorius' "Bazaar of Heracleides"". The Journal of Theological Studies. 29 (2): 392–409. doi:10.1093/jts/XXIX.2.392. ISSN 0022-5185. JSTOR 23958267.
  26. ^ "Pelagianism". Britannica. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
  27. ^ "Eutychianism". Catholic Answers. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  28. ^ "Monophysite". Monophysite | Definition, History, & Beliefs | Britannica. Britannica. 2023-04-13. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  29. ^ "miaphysitism". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
  30. ^ "The Universal Church and Schisms". Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Midlands, U.K.
  31. ^ "Three Chapters Controversy | Christianity | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-07-17.
  32. ^ "Iconoclasm". Catholic Answers. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  33. ^ "Monothelitism and Monothelites". Catholic Answers. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  34. ^ "Paulicians". Catholic Answers. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  35. ^ "Cathari | Christian sect | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  36. ^ Dirshaye, Menberu (2005). "Estifanos". Dictionary of African Christian Biography. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  37. ^ "Socinianism". Catholic Answers. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  38. ^ "Protestantism | Definition, Beliefs, History, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-06-02. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  39. ^ "Jansenism | Description, History, & Beliefs | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-05-30.
  40. ^ "Coelestis Pastor". Papal Encyclicals. 20 November 1687. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  41. ^ Phillips, Walter Alison (1911). "Febronianism" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). pp. 230–231.
  42. ^ "Americanism | Roman Catholicism | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-05-25. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  43. ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis - Commentarium Officiale (PDF) (in Latin). Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis. p. 100.
  44. ^ "Pascendi Dominici Gregis". The Holy See. 8 September 1907. Retrieved 4 June 2023.

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This article is about Christian heresies regardless of denomination For heresies condemned by the Catholic Church see List of heresies in the Catholic Church A heresy is a belief or doctrine that is considered to be false or erroneous by the mainstream Christian Church Heresies have been a major source of division and conflict within the Christian Church throughout its history The Church has responded to heresies in a variety of ways including through theological debate excommunication and even violence 1 This is a list of all Christian heresies that have been condemned by one or more Christian Church es Contents 1 1st century 2 2nd century 3 3rd century 4 4th century 5 5th century 6 6th century 7 7th century 8 12th century 9 15th Century 10 16th century 11 17th century 12 18th century 13 20th century 14 References1st century editHeresy Rejected by DescriptionDocetism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism The belief of Docetism holds that Jesus Christ did not have a real physical body but only an apparent or illusory one 2 2nd century editMontanism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism A movement that emphasizes the importance of prophecy and ecstatic experiences 3 Adoptionism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism The belief that Jesus Christ was not the Son of God from eternity but was adopted by God at some point in his life 4 Universalism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism The belief that all people will eventually be saved Universalists believe that God s love is so great that no one will be excluded from salvation 5 Valentinianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism A Gnostic heresy that taught that the world was created by a series of emanations from the supreme being Valentinians believed that salvation came from knowledge of the true nature of the universe Sabellianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism The belief that the Father Son and Holy Spirit are not three distinct persons but are simply different manifestations of the same divine being 6 Gnosticism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism A complex system of thought that teaches that the material world is evil and that salvation can be achieved through knowledge gnosis 7 Marcionism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism A heresy that arose in the 2nd century AD Marcionists believed that the God of the Old Testament was a different god from the God of the New Testament 8 Monarchianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism A heresy that taught that the Father Son and Holy Spirit were all the same being Monarchians were also known as Unitarians 9 Modalism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism Modalism is the belief that the Father Son and Holy Spirit are three different modes of God as opposed to a Trinitarian view of three distinct persons within the Godhead 10 Patripassianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism The belief that the Father and Son are not two distinct persons and both God the Father and the Son suffered on the cross as Jesus 11 Psilanthropism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism The belief that Jesus is merely human and that he never became divine or that he never existed prior to his birth as a man 12 Sethianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism Sethianism was a 2nd century Gnostic movement that believed in a supreme God Sophia the Demiurge and gnosis as the path to salvation 13 Basilideanism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism Basilideanism was a Gnostic Christian sect founded by Basilides of Alexandria Basilidians believed that the material world was created by an evil demiurge and that the goal of salvation was to escape from this world and return to the spiritual realm 14 3rd century editNovatianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism A movement that arose in response to the persecution of Christians by the Roman Empire Novatians believed that Christians who had lapsed during the persecution could not be forgiven 15 4th century editArianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism The belief that Jesus Christ is not fully divine but is a created being 16 Donatism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism A movement that arose in North Africa in the 4th century AD Donatists believed that the Catholic Church had become corrupt and that only the Donatists were the true Christians 17 Apollinarianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism The belief that Jesus did not have a human mind or soul but only a human body 18 Tritheism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism The belief that there are three gods rather than one God in three persons 19 Collyridianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism The belief is that the Trinity consists of the Father Son and Mary and that the Son results from the marital union between the other two 20 Binitarianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism Binitarianism is a Christian heresy that teaches that there are only two persons in the Godhead the Father and the Son The Holy Spirit is not considered to be a separate person but rather an aspect of the Son or the Father 21 Subordinationism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism A heresy that teaches that the Son and the Holy Spirit are not co equal with the Father Subordinationists believe that the Son and the Holy Spirit are subordinate to the Father in either nature role or both 22 Anomoeanism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism A heresy that taught that Jesus was not fully divine but was a created being Anomoeans also believed that Christ could not be like God because he lacked the quality of self existence 23 Antidicomarians Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches Antidicomarians also called Dimoerites were a Christian sect active from the 3rd to the 5th century who rejected the perpetual virginity of Mary They were condemned by St Epiphanius of Salamis in the 4th century 24 5th century editNestorianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism The belief that Jesus Christ was two persons the divine Son of God and the human Jesus of Nazareth Nestorius said that the Virgin Mary is not the Mother of God Theotokos because she gave birth to the human part Jesus not the divine Son of God and called her Christotokos Nestorianism was condemned as a heresy by the Council of Ephesus 431 25 Pelagianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism The belief that humans can be saved by their own efforts without the need for God s grace 26 Eutychianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism The belief that Christ is in one nature and of two with the humanity of Christ subsumed by the divinity 27 Monophysitism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism The belief that Christ has only one nature which is divine 28 Miaphysitism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church mainline Protestantism The belief that Christ is fully divine and fully human in one nature physis 29 30 6th century editThree Chapters Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches The Three Chapters were three Nestorian writings The person and writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia some writings of Theodoret of Cyrus and an epistle by Ibas of Edessa to Maris The Byzantine Emperor Justinian desired to reunite the Miaphysite and Chalcedonian Churches throughout Byzantium and so anathematized the Three Chapters and commanded Byzantine bishops which included at the time the Pope to do so as well Pope Vigilius however believed doing so would undermine the authority of Chalcedon and so initially refused to do so Eventually after incarceration and deportation to Constantinople he agreed to anathematize the Three Chapters and concur with the Emperor in December of 553 31 7th century editIconoclasm Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches Iconoclasm was a movement that arose in the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century Iconoclasts believed that the veneration of icons was idolatry The iconoclastic controversy lasted for centuries until the Council of Nicaea II in 787 when the veneration of icons was officially restored 32 Monothelitism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church mainline Protestantism Monothelitism was a heresy that arose in the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century Monothelites believed that Christ had only one will which was divine 33 Paulicianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches mainline Protestantism Paulicianism was a heresy that arose in the 7th century Paulicians believed that the material world is evil and the only way to salvation is to reject it 34 12th century editCatharism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church mainline Protestantism Catharism was a Christian dualist or Gnostic movement between the 12th and 14th centuries which thrived in Southern Europe particularly in northern Italy and southern France 35 15th Century editStephanism Oriental Orthodox Churches The Stephanites were a sect in Ethiopia which rejected veneration of icons saints and angels The sect was subject to suppression on account of its rejection of the legendary origins of the Solomonic Dynasty It greatly resembled later Protestant movements in Europe 36 16th century editSocinianism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church mainline Protestantism A heresy that denied the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus Christ Socinians believed that Jesus was a human being who was inspired by God 37 Protestantism Catholic Church Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that broke away from the Catholic Church in the 16th century The Catholic Church condemned Protestantism as a heresy on numerous occasions In 1521 Pope Leo X issued the bull Exsurge Domine which condemned 41 propositions from Martin Luther s writings In 1530 the Council of Trent condemned 20 propositions from the Augsburg Confession the foundational document of Lutheranism And in 1563 the Council of Trent condemned 10 propositions from the Calvinist confession of faith 38 17th century editJansenism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church mainline Protestantism A religious movement within the Catholic Church that arose in the 17th century It was named after Cornelius Jansen a Dutch theologian who wrote a book called Augustinus that argued that human beings are incapable of saving themselves by their own efforts and that salvation is entirely a matter of God s grace 39 Quietism Catholic Church A religious movement within the Catholic Church which held that Christians should do nothing so as to not impede God s active will and that men ought to remain silent 40 18th century editFebronianism Catholic Church A religious movement within the Catholic Church that sought to make Catholicism more relevant to local cultures reduce the power of the Pope and reunite with Protestant Churches 41 20th century editAmericanism Catholic Church A political and religious outlook attributed to some American Catholics and denounced as heresy by the Holy See 42 Feeneyism Catholic Church The rejection of the doctrines of Baptism of desire and Baptism of blood on the grounds that they grant justification but are not sufficient for salvation Named for Leonard Feeney a Jesuit priest from Boston 43 Modernism Catholic Church The belief that all doctrines are subject to change and that doctrines ought to change depending on the time and location Condemned by Pope Pius X in the encyclical Pascendi Dominici Gregis 44 References edit Grant Robert McQueen 1993 Heresy and Criticism The Search for Authenticity in Early Christian Literature Westminster John Knox Press ISBN 978 0 664 22168 3 Docetism Britannica Retrieved 2023 05 24 Montanism Montanism History Teachings Heresy Founder amp Facts Britannica Britannica Retrieved 2023 05 22 Macquarrie John 2003 Christology Revisited SCM Press p 63 ISBN 978 0 334 02930 4 Universalism Britannica Retrieved 2023 05 24 Henry Wace Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature Delmarva Publications Inc p 27 King Karen L 2003 What is Gnosticism Harvard University Press ISBN 978 0 674 01762 7 Lieu Judith 2015 03 26 Marcion and the Making of a Heretic Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 107 02904 0 Monarchianism Britannica Retrieved 2023 05 24 Hayes Jerry L 2015 09 30 Godhead Theology Modalism The Original Orthodoxy CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 978 1 5169 8352 0 self published source Sarot Marcel 1990 Patripassianism Theopaschitism and the Suffering of God Some Historical and Systematic Considerations Religious Studies 26 3 363 375 doi 10 1017 S0034412500020527 ISSN 1469 901X S2CID 170256904 Machen J Gresham 1987 The Virgin Birth of Christ James Clarke amp Co pp 22 36 ISBN 978 0 227 67630 1 Rasimus Tuomas 2009 10 31 Paradise Reconsidered in Gnostic Mythmaking Rethinking Sethianism in Light of the Ophite Evidence BRILL ISBN 978 90 474 2670 7 CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA Basilides www newadvent org Retrieved 2023 06 12 Novatian and Novatianism Catholic Answers Retrieved 2023 05 24 Williams Rowan 2002 01 24 Arius Heresy and Tradition Wm B Eerdmans Publishing ISBN 978 1 4674 3175 0 Donatist Britannica Retrieved 2023 05 22 Apollinarianism Catholic Answers Retrieved 2023 05 24 tritheism Dictionary com Retrieved 2023 05 24 Collyridianism Catholic Answers Retrieved 2023 06 02 Boyarin Daniel 2010 11 24 Border Lines The Partition of Judaeo Christianity University of Pennsylvania Press p 120 ISBN 978 0 8122 0384 4 Subordinationism Christianity Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2023 06 02 Anomoean Anomoean Monophysite Miaphysite Dyophysite Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2023 08 25 Shipman Andrew Jackson 1907 Antidicomarianites Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 1 Chesnut Roberta C 1978 The Two Prosopa in Nestorius Bazaar of Heracleides The Journal of Theological Studies 29 2 392 409 doi 10 1093 jts XXIX 2 392 ISSN 0022 5185 JSTOR 23958267 Pelagianism Britannica Retrieved 2023 05 22 Eutychianism Catholic Answers Retrieved 2023 05 24 Monophysite Monophysite Definition History amp Beliefs Britannica Britannica 2023 04 13 Retrieved 2023 05 24 miaphysitism Random House Webster s Unabridged Dictionary The Universal Church and Schisms Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Midlands U K Three Chapters Controversy Christianity Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2023 07 17 Iconoclasm Catholic Answers Retrieved 2023 05 24 Monothelitism and Monothelites Catholic Answers Retrieved 2023 05 24 Paulicians Catholic Answers Retrieved 2023 05 24 Cathari Christian sect Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2023 06 02 Dirshaye Menberu 2005 Estifanos Dictionary of African Christian Biography Retrieved 4 June 2023 Socinianism Catholic Answers Retrieved 2023 05 24 Protestantism Definition Beliefs History amp Facts Britannica www britannica com 2023 06 02 Retrieved 2023 06 02 Jansenism Description History amp Beliefs Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2023 05 30 Coelestis Pastor Papal Encyclicals 20 November 1687 Retrieved 4 June 2023 Phillips Walter Alison 1911 Febronianism Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 10 11th ed pp 230 231 Americanism Roman Catholicism Britannica www britannica com 2023 05 25 Retrieved 2023 06 02 Acta Apostolicae Sedis Commentarium Officiale PDF in Latin Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis p 100 Pascendi Dominici Gregis The Holy See 8 September 1907 Retrieved 4 June 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of Christian heresies amp oldid 1212731077, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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