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Libertarianism in the United Kingdom

April 12, 2024

Libertarianism in the United Kingdom can either refer to a political movement synonymous with anarchism, left-libertarianism and libertarian socialism, or to a political movement concerned with the pursuit of propertarian right-libertarian ideals in the United Kingdom which emerged and became more prominent in British politics after the 1980s neoliberalism and the economic liberalism of the premiership of Margaret Thatcher, albeit not as prominent as libertarianism in the United States in the 1970s and the presidency of Republican Ronald Reagan during the 1980s.[1]

Currently, the most explicitly libertarian party in the United Kingdom is the Libertarian Party.[according to whom?] However, there has also been a long-standing right-libertarian faction of the mainstream Conservative Party that espouses Thatcherism.[2] UK voters have tended to vote more in line with their position along the traditional 'left-right’ division rather than along libertarian-authoritarian lines, and so libertarians in the United Kingdom have supported parties across the political spectrum.[3]

Political parties edit

Libertarian parties edit

The Libertarian Party describes itself as being a "Classically Liberal, Regionalist and Minarchist organisation".[4] The Liberal Party was formed in 1989 from those opposed to the merger between the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party. The Scottish Libertarian Party was formed as a separate party in 2012 and officially registered in 2014. It was statutorily deregistered on 11 November 2022 for failing to meet Electoral Commission requirements[5]

Relationship with the Conservative Party edit

Libertarianism, and particularly right-libertarianism, became more prominent in British politics after the promotion of neoliberalism and economic liberalism under the premiership of Margaret Thatcher.[1] Since the 1980s, a number of Conservative MPs have been considered to have libertarian leanings,[2][6] and libertarian groups have been perceived to exert considerable influence over the Party.[7]

However, in her first Conservative Party conference speech as leader, Theresa May attacked the "libertarian right" and argued for a more pro-state communitarian conservatism.[8][9][10][11][12] In recent years, Conservative Party policy has appeared to move further away from libertarianism, [13][14] and a smaller proportion of their support has come from voters with libertarian attitudes.[3]

Relationship with the Green Party of England and Wales edit

Sociologist Chris Rootes stated that the Green Party took "the left-libertarian" vote,[15] while Dennison and Goodwin characterised it as reflecting "libertarian-universalistic values".[16] The party wants an end to big government – which they see as hindering open and transparent democracy – and want to limit the power of big business – which, they argue, upholds the unsustainable trend of globalisation, and is detrimental to local trade and economies.[17] There have been allegations of factionalism and infighting in the Green Party between liberal, socialist, and anarchist factions.[18]

Relationship with the UK Independence Party edit

As leader of the Eurosceptic UK Independence Party (UKIP), Nigel Farage sought to broaden the public perception of the UKIP beyond being a party solely seeking to withdraw the United Kingdom from the European Union to one of being a party broadly standing for libertarian values and reductions in government bureaucracy.[19][20] The party describes itself as a "libertarian, non-racist Eurosceptic party".[21]

Criticism edit

UKIP's original activist base was largely "libertarian", supporting an economically liberal approach.[22] Its "economic libertarian" views have been influenced by classical liberalism and Thatcherism, with Thatcher representing a key influence on UKIP's thought.[23] Farage has characterised UKIP as "the true inheritors" of Thatcher, claiming that the party never would have formed had Thatcher remained Prime Minister of the UK throughout the 1990s.[23] Winlow, Hall, and Treadwell suggested that a UKIP government would pursue "hard-core Thatcherism" on economic policy.[24] UKIP presents itself as a "libertarian party",[25] and the political scientists David Deacon and Dominic Wring described it as articulating "a potent brand of libertarian populism".[26] However, commentators writing in The Spectator, The Independent, and the New Statesman have all challenged the description of UKIP as libertarian, highlighting its socially conservative and economically protectionist policies as being contrary to a libertarian ethos.[27][28][29]

In 2010, the UKIP's call to ban the burkha in public places was criticised by Shami Chakrabarti as contrary to libertarianism.[30]

Prominent libertarians edit

Main category: British libertarians

Prominent British libertarians have included:

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Walsh, Jason (7 April 2006). "Libertarianism limited". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 26 February 2008.
  2. ^ a b Heppell, Timothy (June 2002). "The ideological composition of the Parliamentary Conservative Party 1992–97". British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 4 (2): 299–324. doi:10.1111/1467-856X.t01-1-00006. S2CID 144304577.
  3. ^ a b Curtice, John; Simpson, Ian. "British Social Attitudes 35: Voting: The 2017 Election: New divides in British politics?" (PDF). NatCen Social Research. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  4. ^ "Home Page". Libertarian Party UK. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  5. ^ "Registration summary – Scottish Libertarian Party [De-registered 04/11/15]". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
  6. ^ Wallace, Mark (11 Feb 2014). "Are 2010 intake MPs really more libertarian than their predecessors?". ConservativeHome. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  7. ^ Lawrence, Felicity; Evans, Rob; Pegg, David; Barr, Caelainn; Duncan, Pamela (29 Nov 2019). "How the right's radical thinktanks reshaped the Conservative party". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  8. ^ "Full text: Theresa May's conference speech". The Spectator. 5 Oct 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  9. ^ "Leader: Against the Brexit libertarians". New Statesman. 9 March 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  10. ^ Cowley, Jason (29 May 2019). "Theresa May was a 1950s Conservative: resolute but charmless, and will be remembered for failure". New Statesman. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  11. ^ Shackleton, Len (6 Oct 2016). "The 'libertarian right', Mrs May? What 'libertarian right'?". Institute of Economic Affairs. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  12. ^ Asthana, Anushka; Stewart, Heather (5 Oct 2016). "Theresa May draws line under Cameron era with return to small-c conservatism". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  13. ^ Norris, Pippa (13 Nov 2019). "On dealigning and realigning elections: Is Britain about to experience a Westminster earthquake?". LSE British Politics and Policy Blog. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  14. ^ Timothy, Nick (24 Nov 2019). "The Tory manifesto is a first step on the road to political realignment". The Telegraph. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  15. ^ Rootes 1995, p. 76.
  16. ^ Dennison & Goodwin 2015, p. 185.
  17. ^ Hanif, Faisal (15 January 2015). "What are the Green party's policies?". The Guardian. from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  18. ^ Harris, John (15 December 2013). "Have the Greens blown it in Brighton?". The Guardian. from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  19. ^ Robinson 2010, p. 203.
  20. ^ Woodward 2007.
  21. ^ Ruddick 2009.
  22. ^ Ford & Goodwin 2014, p. 277.
  23. ^ a b Tournier-Sol 2015, p. 145.
  24. ^ Winlow, Hall & Treadwell 2017, p. 43.
  25. ^ Ford & Goodwin 2014, p. 7; Tournier-Sol 2015, p. 145; Lynch & Whitaker 2013, p. 296.
  26. ^ Deacon & Wring 2016, p. 170.
  27. ^ Alex Massie (27 November 2012). "UKIP is not a libertarian party". The Spectator. from the original on 1 June 2015.
  28. ^ Tim Wigmore (18 December 2012). "Ukip are by no means libertarian". The Independent. from the original on 1 July 2017.
  29. ^ Tim Wigmore (19 November 2014). "Is Ukip the most divided party in British politics?". New Statesman. from the original on 22 July 2015.
  30. ^ Chakrabarti, Shami (19 January 2010). "Freedom must apply to all faiths and none". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  31. ^ "Bill Etheridge MEP quits UKIP and joins the Libertarian Party four days later".
  32. ^ "Peter Bauer, 86; Economist Fought Foreign Aid". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. 19 May 2002. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
  33. ^ "Alan Duncan". BBC News. 16 October 2002. Retrieved 28 February 2008.
  34. ^ Marr, Andrew (28 March 2007). "Britain could be in for some turbulent times". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  35. ^ "Friedrich August Hayek". Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved 28 February 2008.
  36. ^ Sciabarra, Chris Matthew (August 1999). "The First Libertarian". Liberty. Retrieved 28 February 2008.
  37. ^ "Chris Tame". The Daily Telegraph. London. 7 April 2006. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
  38. ^ "Clacton by-election: 12 facts about Ukip's new MP Douglas Carswell". The Independent. 10 October 2014. Archived from the original on 2022-06-14. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
  39. ^ "David Davis: British 'intellectually lazy' about defending liberty". theguardian.com. 8 November 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2017.

Bibliography edit

  • Robinson, Chris (2010). Electoral Systems and Voting in United Kingdom. Politics Study Guides. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0748627509.
  • Woodward, Will (11 April 2007). "UKIP trebles candidates for local elections". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  • Ruddick, Siân (13 June 2009). "What lies behind UKIP's success?". Socialist Worker. No. 2155.
  • Rootes, Chris (1995). "Britain: Greens in a Cold Climate". The Green Challenge: The Development of Green Parties in Europe. Dick Richardson and Chris Rootes. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 66–90.
  • Dennison, James; Goodwin, Matthew (2015). "Immigration, Issue Ownership and the Rise of UKIP". Parliamentary Affairs. 68: 168–187. doi:10.1093/pa/gsv034.
  • Tournier-Sol, Karine (2015). "Reworking the Eurosceptic and Conservative Traditions into a Populist Narrative: UKIP's Winning Formula?". Journal of Common Market Studies. 53 (1): 140–156. doi:10.1111/jcms.12208. S2CID 142738345.
  • Lynch, Philip; Whitaker, Richard (2013). "Rivalry on the Right: The Conservatives, the UK Independence Party (UKIP) and the EU Issue". British Politics. 8 (3): 285–312. doi:10.1057/bp.2012.29. hdl:2381/31946. S2CID 154926119.
  • Winlow, Simon; Hall, Steve; Treadwell, James (2017). The Rise of the Right: English Nationalism and the Transformation of Working-Class Politics. Bristol: Policy Press. ISBN 978-1447328483.
  • Deacon, David; Wring, Dominic (2016). "The UK Independence Party, Populism and the British News Media: Competition, Collaboration or Containment?". European Journal of Communication (Submitted manuscript). 31 (2): 169–184. doi:10.1177/0267323115612215. S2CID 147206873.
  • Ford, Robert; Goodwin, Matthew (2014). Revolt on the Right: Explaining Support for the Radical Right in Britain. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-66150-8.

April 12, 2024
libertarianism, united, kingdom, either, refer, political, movement, synonymous, with, anarchism, left, libertarianism, libertarian, socialism, political, movement, concerned, with, pursuit, propertarian, right, libertarian, ideals, united, kingdom, which, eme. Libertarianism in the United Kingdom can either refer to a political movement synonymous with anarchism left libertarianism and libertarian socialism or to a political movement concerned with the pursuit of propertarian right libertarian ideals in the United Kingdom which emerged and became more prominent in British politics after the 1980s neoliberalism and the economic liberalism of the premiership of Margaret Thatcher albeit not as prominent as libertarianism in the United States in the 1970s and the presidency of Republican Ronald Reagan during the 1980s 1 Currently the most explicitly libertarian party in the United Kingdom is the Libertarian Party according to whom However there has also been a long standing right libertarian faction of the mainstream Conservative Party that espouses Thatcherism 2 UK voters have tended to vote more in line with their position along the traditional left right division rather than along libertarian authoritarian lines and so libertarians in the United Kingdom have supported parties across the political spectrum 3 Contents 1 Political parties 1 1 Libertarian parties 1 2 Relationship with the Conservative Party 1 3 Relationship with the Green Party of England and Wales 1 4 Relationship with the UK Independence Party 1 4 1 Criticism 2 Prominent libertarians 3 See also 4 References 5 BibliographyPolitical parties editLibertarian parties edit The Libertarian Party describes itself as being a Classically Liberal Regionalist and Minarchist organisation 4 The Liberal Party was formed in 1989 from those opposed to the merger between the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party The Scottish Libertarian Party was formed as a separate party in 2012 and officially registered in 2014 It was statutorily deregistered on 11 November 2022 for failing to meet Electoral Commission requirements 5 Relationship with the Conservative Party edit Libertarianism and particularly right libertarianism became more prominent in British politics after the promotion of neoliberalism and economic liberalism under the premiership of Margaret Thatcher 1 Since the 1980s a number of Conservative MPs have been considered to have libertarian leanings 2 6 and libertarian groups have been perceived to exert considerable influence over the Party 7 However in her first Conservative Party conference speech as leader Theresa May attacked the libertarian right and argued for a more pro state communitarian conservatism 8 9 10 11 12 In recent years Conservative Party policy has appeared to move further away from libertarianism 13 14 and a smaller proportion of their support has come from voters with libertarian attitudes 3 Relationship with the Green Party of England and Wales edit Sociologist Chris Rootes stated that the Green Party took the left libertarian vote 15 while Dennison and Goodwin characterised it as reflecting libertarian universalistic values 16 The party wants an end to big government which they see as hindering open and transparent democracy and want to limit the power of big business which they argue upholds the unsustainable trend of globalisation and is detrimental to local trade and economies 17 There have been allegations of factionalism and infighting in the Green Party between liberal socialist and anarchist factions 18 Relationship with the UK Independence Party edit As leader of the Eurosceptic UK Independence Party UKIP Nigel Farage sought to broaden the public perception of the UKIP beyond being a party solely seeking to withdraw the United Kingdom from the European Union to one of being a party broadly standing for libertarian values and reductions in government bureaucracy 19 20 The party describes itself as a libertarian non racist Eurosceptic party 21 Criticism edit UKIP s original activist base was largely libertarian supporting an economically liberal approach 22 Its economic libertarian views have been influenced by classical liberalism and Thatcherism with Thatcher representing a key influence on UKIP s thought 23 Farage has characterised UKIP as the true inheritors of Thatcher claiming that the party never would have formed had Thatcher remained Prime Minister of the UK throughout the 1990s 23 Winlow Hall and Treadwell suggested that a UKIP government would pursue hard core Thatcherism on economic policy 24 UKIP presents itself as a libertarian party 25 and the political scientists David Deacon and Dominic Wring described it as articulating a potent brand of libertarian populism 26 However commentators writing in The Spectator The Independent and the New Statesman have all challenged the description of UKIP as libertarian highlighting its socially conservative and economically protectionist policies as being contrary to a libertarian ethos 27 28 29 In 2010 the UKIP s call to ban the burkha in public places was criticised by Shami Chakrabarti as contrary to libertarianism 30 Prominent libertarians editMain category British libertarians Prominent British libertarians have included Bill Etheridge born 1970 defected from the UK Independence Party to the Libertarian Party in 2018 becoming Deputy Chair 31 before defecting to the Brexit Party in 2019 Sean Gabb born 1960 director of the Libertarian Alliance from 2006 2017 Peter Thomas Bauer 1915 2002 developmental economist and 2002 winner of the Cato Institute s Milton Friedman Prize 32 Alan Duncan born 1957 Conservative politician 33 Daniel Hannan born 1971 Conservative politician citation needed Andrew Marr born 1959 journalist and political commentator 34 Friedrich Hayek 1899 1992 economist and author 35 Herbert Spencer 1820 1903 philosopher 36 Chris Tame 1949 2006 co founder of the Libertarian Alliance 37 Douglas Carswell born 1971 UK Independence Party politician 38 David Davis born 1948 Brexit Secretary and Conservative politician 39 See also edit nbsp Libertarianism portal nbsp Politics portal nbsp Conservatism portalAnarchism in the United Kingdom Classical liberalism Diggers Levellers Libertarianism in South Africa Libertarianism in the United States Radicalism historical References edit a b Walsh Jason 7 April 2006 Libertarianism limited The Guardian London Retrieved 26 February 2008 a b Heppell Timothy June 2002 The ideological composition of the Parliamentary Conservative Party 1992 97 British Journal of Politics and International Relations 4 2 299 324 doi 10 1111 1467 856X t01 1 00006 S2CID 144304577 a b Curtice John Simpson Ian British Social Attitudes 35 Voting The 2017 Election New divides in British politics PDF NatCen Social Research Retrieved 10 July 2020 Home Page Libertarian Party UK Retrieved 22 August 2017 Registration summary Scottish Libertarian Party De registered 04 11 15 Electoral Commission Retrieved 22 December 2022 Wallace Mark 11 Feb 2014 Are 2010 intake MPs really more libertarian than their predecessors ConservativeHome Retrieved 10 July 2020 Lawrence Felicity Evans Rob Pegg David Barr Caelainn Duncan Pamela 29 Nov 2019 How the right s radical thinktanks reshaped the Conservative party The Guardian Retrieved 10 July 2020 Full text Theresa May s conference speech The Spectator 5 Oct 2016 Retrieved 10 July 2020 Leader Against the Brexit libertarians New Statesman 9 March 2017 Retrieved 10 July 2020 Cowley Jason 29 May 2019 Theresa May was a 1950s Conservative resolute but charmless and will be remembered for failure New Statesman Retrieved 10 July 2020 Shackleton Len 6 Oct 2016 The libertarian right Mrs May What libertarian right Institute of Economic Affairs Retrieved 10 July 2020 Asthana Anushka Stewart Heather 5 Oct 2016 Theresa May draws line under Cameron era with return to small c conservatism The Guardian Retrieved 10 July 2020 Norris Pippa 13 Nov 2019 On dealigning and realigning elections Is Britain about to experience a Westminster earthquake LSE British Politics and Policy Blog Retrieved 10 July 2020 Timothy Nick 24 Nov 2019 The Tory manifesto is a first step on the road to political realignment The Telegraph Retrieved 10 July 2020 Rootes 1995 p 76 Dennison amp Goodwin 2015 p 185 Hanif Faisal 15 January 2015 What are the Green party s policies The Guardian Archived from the original on 31 January 2016 Retrieved 24 January 2016 Harris John 15 December 2013 Have the Greens blown it in Brighton The Guardian Archived from the original on 2 February 2017 Retrieved 30 December 2016 Robinson 2010 p 203 Woodward 2007 Ruddick 2009 Ford amp Goodwin 2014 p 277 a b Tournier Sol 2015 p 145 Winlow Hall amp Treadwell 2017 p 43 Ford amp Goodwin 2014 p 7 Tournier Sol 2015 p 145 Lynch amp Whitaker 2013 p 296 Deacon amp Wring 2016 p 170 Alex Massie 27 November 2012 UKIP is not a libertarian party The Spectator Archived from the original on 1 June 2015 Tim Wigmore 18 December 2012 Ukip are by no means libertarian The Independent Archived from the original on 1 July 2017 Tim Wigmore 19 November 2014 Is Ukip the most divided party in British politics New Statesman Archived from the original on 22 July 2015 Chakrabarti Shami 19 January 2010 Freedom must apply to all faiths and none The Guardian London Retrieved 21 January 2010 Bill Etheridge MEP quits UKIP and joins the Libertarian Party four days later Peter Bauer 86 Economist Fought Foreign Aid Los Angeles Times Tribune Company 19 May 2002 Retrieved 23 December 2010 Alan Duncan BBC News 16 October 2002 Retrieved 28 February 2008 Marr Andrew 28 March 2007 Britain could be in for some turbulent times The Daily Telegraph London Retrieved 7 May 2010 Friedrich August Hayek Library of Economics and Liberty Retrieved 28 February 2008 Sciabarra Chris Matthew August 1999 The First Libertarian Liberty Retrieved 28 February 2008 Chris Tame The Daily Telegraph London 7 April 2006 Retrieved 15 July 2008 Clacton by election 12 facts about Ukip s new MP Douglas Carswell The Independent 10 October 2014 Archived from the original on 2022 06 14 Retrieved 2 July 2017 David Davis British intellectually lazy about defending liberty theguardian com 8 November 2015 Retrieved 2 July 2017 Bibliography editRobinson Chris 2010 Electoral Systems and Voting in United Kingdom Politics Study Guides Edinburgh University Press ISBN 978 0748627509 Woodward Will 11 April 2007 UKIP trebles candidates for local elections The Guardian London Retrieved 21 January 2010 Ruddick Sian 13 June 2009 What lies behind UKIP s success Socialist Worker No 2155 Rootes Chris 1995 Britain Greens in a Cold Climate The Green Challenge The Development of Green Parties in Europe Dick Richardson and Chris Rootes London and New York Routledge pp 66 90 Dennison James Goodwin Matthew 2015 Immigration Issue Ownership and the Rise of UKIP Parliamentary Affairs 68 168 187 doi 10 1093 pa gsv034 Tournier Sol Karine 2015 Reworking the Eurosceptic and Conservative Traditions into a Populist Narrative UKIP s Winning Formula Journal of Common Market Studies 53 1 140 156 doi 10 1111 jcms 12208 S2CID 142738345 Lynch Philip Whitaker Richard 2013 Rivalry on the Right The Conservatives the UK Independence Party UKIP and the EU Issue British Politics 8 3 285 312 doi 10 1057 bp 2012 29 hdl 2381 31946 S2CID 154926119 Winlow Simon Hall Steve Treadwell James 2017 The Rise of the Right English Nationalism and the Transformation of Working Class Politics Bristol Policy Press ISBN 978 1447328483 Deacon David Wring Dominic 2016 The UK Independence Party Populism and the British News Media Competition Collaboration or Containment European Journal of Communication Submitted manuscript 31 2 169 184 doi 10 1177 0267323115612215 S2CID 147206873 Ford Robert Goodwin Matthew 2014 Revolt on the Right Explaining Support for the Radical Right in Britain London Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 66150 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Libertarianism in the United Kingdom amp oldid 1215383495, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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