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Leslie Lamport

December 26, 2022

Leslie B. Lamport (born February 7, 1941 in Brooklyn) is an American computer scientist and mathematician. Lamport is best known for his seminal work in distributed systems, and as the initial developer of the document preparation system LaTeX and the author of its first manual.[2]

Leslie B. Lamport
Born
Leslie B. Lamport

(1941-02-07) February 7, 1941 (age 81)
New York City, New York
NationalityAmerican
Alma mater
Known for
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsComputer science
Institutions
ThesisThe analytic Cauchy problem with singular data (1972)
Doctoral advisorRichard Palais[1]
Websitelamport.org

Lamport was the winner of the 2013 Turing Award[3] for imposing clear, well-defined coherence on the seemingly chaotic behavior of distributed computing systems, in which several autonomous computers communicate with each other by passing messages. He devised important algorithms and developed formal modeling and verification protocols that improve the quality of real distributed systems. These contributions have resulted in improved correctness, performance, and reliability of computer systems.[4][5][6][7][8]

Early life and education

Lamport was born into a Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Benjamin and Hannah Lamport (née Lasser).[9] His father was an immigrant from Volkovisk in the Russian Empire (now Vawkavysk, Belarus)[10] and his mother was an immigrant from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, now southeastern Poland.

A graduate of Bronx High School of Science, Lamport received a B.S. in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1960, followed by M.A. (1963) and Ph.D. (1972) degrees in mathematics from Brandeis University.[11] His dissertation is about singularities in analytic partial differential equations.[12]

Career and research

Lamport worked as a computer scientist at Massachusetts Computer Associates from 1970 to 1977, SRI International from 1977 to 1985, and Digital Equipment Corporation and Compaq from 1985 to 2001. In 2001 he joined Microsoft Research in California.[11]

Distributed systems

Lamport's research contributions have laid the foundations of the theory of distributed systems. Among his most notable papers are

These papers relate to such concepts as logical clocks (and the happened-before relationship) and Byzantine failures. They are among the most cited papers in the field of computer science,[18] and describe algorithms to solve many fundamental problems in distributed systems, including:

LaTeX

When Donald Knuth began issuing the early releases of TeX in the early 1980s, Lamport — due to his personal need of writing a book — also began working on a set of macros based on it, hoping that it would later become its standard macro package. This set of macros would later become known as LaTeX, for which Lamport would subsequently be approached in 1983 by Peter Gordon, an Addison-Wesley editor, who proposed that Lamport turn its user manual into a book.[19][20]

In September 1984, Lamport released version 2.06a of the LaTeX macros, and in August 1985, LaTeX 2.09 — the last version of Lamport's LaTeX — would be released as well. Meanwhile, Addison-Wesley released Lamport's first LaTeX user manual, LaTeX: A Document Preparation System, in 1986, which purportedly sold "more than a few hundred thousands" copies, and on August 21, 1989, at a TeX User Group meeting at Stanford, Lamport would agree to turn over the maintenance and development of LaTeX to Frank Mittelbach, who, along with Chris Rowley and Rainer Schöpf, would form the LaTeX3 team, subsequently releasing LaTeX 2e, the current version of LaTeX, in 1994.[20][21]

Temporal logic

Lamport is also known for his work on temporal logic, where he introduced the temporal logic of actions (TLA).[22][23] Among his more recent contributions is TLA+, a language for specifying and reasoning about concurrent and reactive systems, which he describes in the book Specifying Systems: The TLA+ Language and Tools for Hardware and Software Engineers.[24] He defines TLA+ as a "quixotic attempt to overcome engineers' antipathy towards mathematics".[25]

Awards and honors

Lamport received the 2013 Turing Award for "fundamental contributions to the theory and practice of distributed and concurrent systems, notably the invention of concepts such as causality and logical clocks, safety and liveness, replicated state machines, and sequential consistency" in 2014.[26] He was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1991 for contributions to the theoretical foundations of concurrent and fault-tolerant computing. He was elected to Fellow of Association for Computing Machinery for fundamental contributions to the theory and practice of distributed and concurrent systems in 2014.[27] He also received five honorary doctorates from European universities: University of Rennes and Christian Albrechts University of Kiel in 2003, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in 2004, University of Lugano in 2006, and Nancy-Université in 2007.[11] In 2004, he received the IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award.[28] In 2005, the paper "Reaching Agreement in the Presence of Faults"[29] received the Dijkstra Prize.[30] In honor of Lamport's sixtieth birthday, a lecture series was organized at the 20th Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC 2001).[31] In 2008, he received the IEEE John von Neumann Medal.[32] In 2011, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.[33]

References

  1. ^ Leslie Lamport at the Mathematics Genealogy Project  
  2. ^ Lamport, Leslie (1986). LaTeX: A Document Preparation System. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-15790-1. Retrieved 2019-06-20.
  3. ^ Lamport, Leslie (2013). "Leslie Lamport - A.M. Turing Award Winner". ACM.
  4. ^ Leslie Lamport author profile page at the ACM Digital Library
  5. ^ a b Lamport, L. (1978). "Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system" (PDF). Communications of the ACM . 21 (7): 558–565. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.142.3682. doi:10.1145/359545.359563. S2CID 215822405.
  6. ^ Leslie Lamport publications indexed by Microsoft Academic
  7. ^ Savage, N. (2014). "General agreement: Leslie Lamport contributed to the theory and practice of building distributed computing systems that work as intended". Communications of the ACM. 57 (6): 22–23. doi:10.1145/2601076. S2CID 5936915.
  8. ^ Hoffmann, L. (2014). "Q&A Divide and Conquer: Leslie Lamport on Byzantine generals, clocks, and other tools for reasoning about concurrent systems". Communications of the ACM. 57 (6): 112–ff. doi:10.1145/2601077. S2CID 31514650.
  9. ^ "1950 United States Federal Census". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  10. ^ "World War I draft card for Benjamin Lamport". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  11. ^ a b c Lamport, Leslie (2006-12-19). "My Writings". Retrieved 2007-02-02.
  12. ^ Lamport, Leslie (1972). "The Analytic Cauchy Problem with Singular Data". Retrieved 2007-02-02.
  13. ^ Neiger, Gil (2003-01-23). . Archived from the original on 2013-09-12. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
  14. ^ Lamport, Leslie (1979). "How to Make a Multiprocessor Computer That Correctly Executes Multiprocess Program". IEEE Trans. Comput. 28 (9): 690–691. doi:10.1109/TC.1979.1675439. ISSN 0018-9340. S2CID 5679366.
  15. ^ Lamport, Leslie; Robert Shostak; Marshall Pease (July 1982). "The Byzantine Generals Problem". ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems. 4 (3): 382–401. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.64.2312. doi:10.1145/357172.357176. S2CID 55899582. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
  16. ^ Chandy, K. Mani; Leslie Lamport (February 1985). "Distributed Snapshots: Determining Global States of a Distributed System". ACM Transactions on Computer Systems. 3 (1): 63–75. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.69.2561. doi:10.1145/214451.214456. S2CID 207193167. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
  17. ^ Lamport, Leslie (May 1998). "The Part-Time Parliament". ACM Transactions on Computer Systems. 16 (2): 133–169. doi:10.1145/279227.279229. S2CID 421028. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
  18. ^ "Most cited articles in Computer Science". September 2006. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
  19. ^ Lamport, Leslie. "How (LA)TEX changed the face of Mathematics" (PDF).
  20. ^ a b "The Writings of Leslie Lamport". lamport.azurewebsites.net. Retrieved 2019-07-19.
  21. ^ . 1998-12-03. Archived from the original on 1998-12-03. Retrieved 2019-07-19.
  22. ^ Lamport, Leslie (1990-04-01). "A Temporal Logic of Actions". Retrieved 2007-02-02.
  23. ^ Lamport, Leslie (May 1994). "The Temporal Logic of Actions". ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems. 16 (3): 872–923. doi:10.1145/177492.177726. S2CID 5498471. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
  24. ^ Lamport, Leslie (2002). Specifying Systems: The TLA+ Language and Tools for Hardware and Software Engineers. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-321-14306-8. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
  25. ^ . Archived from the original on 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  26. ^ "Turing award 2013". ACM.
  27. ^ Leslie Lamport ACM Fellows 2014
  28. ^ (PDF). IEEE. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-11-24. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
  29. ^ Pease, Marshall; Robert Shostak; Leslie Lamport (April 1980). "Reaching Agreement in the Presence of Faults". Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery. 27 (2): 228–234. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.68.4044. doi:10.1145/322186.322188. S2CID 6429068. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
  30. ^ "Edsger W. Dijkstra Prize in Distributed Computing: 2005". Retrieved 2007-02-02.
  31. ^ "PODC 2001: Lamport Lecture Series". Retrieved 2009-07-02.
  32. ^ "IEEE John von Neumann Medal Recipients" (PDF). IEEE. Retrieved December 31, 2010.
  33. ^ Members and Foreign Associates Elected May 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, National Academy of Sciences, May 3, 2011.

External links

  •   Quotations related to Leslie Lamport at Wikiquote

December 26, 2022
leslie, lamport, leslie, lamport, born, february, 1941, brooklyn, american, computer, scientist, mathematician, lamport, best, known, seminal, work, distributed, systems, initial, developer, document, preparation, system, latex, author, first, manual, leslie, . Leslie B Lamport born February 7 1941 in Brooklyn is an American computer scientist and mathematician Lamport is best known for his seminal work in distributed systems and as the initial developer of the document preparation system LaTeX and the author of its first manual 2 Leslie B LamportBornLeslie B Lamport 1941 02 07 February 7 1941 age 81 New York City New YorkNationalityAmericanAlma materMassachusetts Institute of Technology BS Brandeis University MA PhD Known forLaTeX Hash chain S KEY Sequential consistency Lamport s bakery algorithm Byzantine fault tolerance Paxos algorithm Lamport signature Temporal logic of actions TLA AwardsDijkstra Prize 2000 2005 2014 IEEE Emanuel R Piore Award 2004 IEEE John von Neumann Medal 2008 Turing Award 2013 Member of the National Academy of Sciences 2011 ACM Fellow 2014 Scientific careerFieldsComputer scienceInstitutionsMicrosoft Research Compaq Digital Equipment Corporation SRI InternationalThesisThe analytic Cauchy problem with singular data 1972 Doctoral advisorRichard Palais 1 Websitelamport wbr orgLamport was the winner of the 2013 Turing Award 3 for imposing clear well defined coherence on the seemingly chaotic behavior of distributed computing systems in which several autonomous computers communicate with each other by passing messages He devised important algorithms and developed formal modeling and verification protocols that improve the quality of real distributed systems These contributions have resulted in improved correctness performance and reliability of computer systems 4 5 6 7 8 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career and research 2 1 Distributed systems 2 2 LaTeX 2 3 Temporal logic 2 4 Awards and honors 3 References 4 External linksEarly life and education EditLamport was born into a Jewish family in Brooklyn New York the son of Benjamin and Hannah Lamport nee Lasser 9 His father was an immigrant from Volkovisk in the Russian Empire now Vawkavysk Belarus 10 and his mother was an immigrant from the Austro Hungarian Empire now southeastern Poland A graduate of Bronx High School of Science Lamport received a B S in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1960 followed by M A 1963 and Ph D 1972 degrees in mathematics from Brandeis University 11 His dissertation is about singularities in analytic partial differential equations 12 Career and research EditLamport worked as a computer scientist at Massachusetts Computer Associates from 1970 to 1977 SRI International from 1977 to 1985 and Digital Equipment Corporation and Compaq from 1985 to 2001 In 2001 he joined Microsoft Research in California 11 Distributed systems Edit Lamport s research contributions have laid the foundations of the theory of distributed systems Among his most notable papers are Time Clocks and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System 5 which received the Principles of Distributed Computing PODC Influential Paper Award in 2000 13 How to Make a Multiprocessor Computer That Correctly Executes Multiprocess Programs 14 which defined the notion of sequential consistency The Byzantine Generals Problem 15 Distributed Snapshots Determining Global States of a Distributed System 16 and The Part Time Parliament 17 These papers relate to such concepts as logical clocks and the happened before relationship and Byzantine failures They are among the most cited papers in the field of computer science 18 and describe algorithms to solve many fundamental problems in distributed systems including the Paxos algorithm for consensus the bakery algorithm for mutual exclusion of multiple threads in a computer system that require the same resources at the same time the Chandy Lamport algorithm for the determination of consistent global states snapshot and the Lamport signature one of the prototypes of the digital signature LaTeX Edit When Donald Knuth began issuing the early releases of TeX in the early 1980s Lamport due to his personal need of writing a book also began working on a set of macros based on it hoping that it would later become its standard macro package This set of macros would later become known as LaTeX for which Lamport would subsequently be approached in 1983 by Peter Gordon an Addison Wesley editor who proposed that Lamport turn its user manual into a book 19 20 In September 1984 Lamport released version 2 06a of the LaTeX macros and in August 1985 LaTeX 2 09 the last version of Lamport s LaTeX would be released as well Meanwhile Addison Wesley released Lamport s first LaTeX user manual LaTeX A Document Preparation System in 1986 which purportedly sold more than a few hundred thousands copies and on August 21 1989 at a TeX User Group meeting at Stanford Lamport would agree to turn over the maintenance and development of LaTeX to Frank Mittelbach who along with Chris Rowley and Rainer Schopf would form the LaTeX3 team subsequently releasing LaTeX 2e the current version of LaTeX in 1994 20 21 Temporal logic Edit Lamport is also known for his work on temporal logic where he introduced the temporal logic of actions TLA 22 23 Among his more recent contributions is TLA a language for specifying and reasoning about concurrent and reactive systems which he describes in the book Specifying Systems The TLA Language and Tools for Hardware and Software Engineers 24 He defines TLA as a quixotic attempt to overcome engineers antipathy towards mathematics 25 Awards and honors Edit Lamport received the 2013 Turing Award for fundamental contributions to the theory and practice of distributed and concurrent systems notably the invention of concepts such as causality and logical clocks safety and liveness replicated state machines and sequential consistency in 2014 26 He was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1991 for contributions to the theoretical foundations of concurrent and fault tolerant computing He was elected to Fellow of Association for Computing Machinery for fundamental contributions to the theory and practice of distributed and concurrent systems in 2014 27 He also received five honorary doctorates from European universities University of Rennes and Christian Albrechts University of Kiel in 2003 Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne EPFL in 2004 University of Lugano in 2006 and Nancy Universite in 2007 11 In 2004 he received the IEEE Emanuel R Piore Award 28 In 2005 the paper Reaching Agreement in the Presence of Faults 29 received the Dijkstra Prize 30 In honor of Lamport s sixtieth birthday a lecture series was organized at the 20th Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing PODC 2001 31 In 2008 he received the IEEE John von Neumann Medal 32 In 2011 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences 33 References Edit Leslie Lamport at the Mathematics Genealogy Project Lamport Leslie 1986 LaTeX A Document Preparation System Addison Wesley ISBN 978 0 201 15790 1 Retrieved 2019 06 20 Lamport Leslie 2013 Leslie Lamport A M Turing Award Winner ACM Leslie Lamport author profile page at the ACM Digital Library a b Lamport L 1978 Time clocks and the ordering of events in a distributed system PDF Communications of the ACM 21 7 558 565 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 142 3682 doi 10 1145 359545 359563 S2CID 215822405 Leslie Lamport publications indexed by Microsoft Academic Savage N 2014 General agreement Leslie Lamport contributed to the theory and practice of building distributed computing systems that work as intended Communications of the ACM 57 6 22 23 doi 10 1145 2601076 S2CID 5936915 Hoffmann L 2014 Q amp A Divide and Conquer Leslie Lamport on Byzantine generals clocks and other tools for reasoning about concurrent systems Communications of the ACM 57 6 112 ff doi 10 1145 2601077 S2CID 31514650 1950 United States Federal Census Ancestry com Retrieved 12 July 2022 World War I draft card for Benjamin Lamport Ancestry com Retrieved 12 July 2022 a b c Lamport Leslie 2006 12 19 My Writings Retrieved 2007 02 02 Lamport Leslie 1972 The Analytic Cauchy Problem with Singular Data Retrieved 2007 02 02 Neiger Gil 2003 01 23 PODC Influential Paper Award 2000 Archived from the original on 2013 09 12 Retrieved 2007 02 02 Lamport Leslie 1979 How to Make a Multiprocessor Computer That Correctly Executes Multiprocess Program IEEE Trans Comput 28 9 690 691 doi 10 1109 TC 1979 1675439 ISSN 0018 9340 S2CID 5679366 Lamport Leslie Robert Shostak Marshall Pease July 1982 The Byzantine Generals Problem ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 4 3 382 401 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 64 2312 doi 10 1145 357172 357176 S2CID 55899582 Retrieved 2007 02 02 Chandy K Mani Leslie Lamport February 1985 Distributed Snapshots Determining Global States of a Distributed System ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 3 1 63 75 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 69 2561 doi 10 1145 214451 214456 S2CID 207193167 Retrieved 2007 02 02 Lamport Leslie May 1998 The Part Time Parliament ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 16 2 133 169 doi 10 1145 279227 279229 S2CID 421028 Retrieved 2007 02 02 Most cited articles in Computer Science September 2006 Retrieved 2007 10 08 Lamport Leslie How LA TEX changed the face of Mathematics PDF a b The Writings of Leslie Lamport lamport azurewebsites net Retrieved 2019 07 19 TeX LaTeX and AMS LaTeX 1998 12 03 Archived from the original on 1998 12 03 Retrieved 2019 07 19 Lamport Leslie 1990 04 01 A Temporal Logic of Actions Retrieved 2007 02 02 Lamport Leslie May 1994 The Temporal Logic of Actions ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 16 3 872 923 doi 10 1145 177492 177726 S2CID 5498471 Retrieved 2007 02 02 Lamport Leslie 2002 Specifying Systems The TLA Language and Tools for Hardware and Software Engineers Addison Wesley ISBN 978 0 321 14306 8 Retrieved 2007 02 02 The International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks keynote speaker biography Archived from the original on 2019 02 12 Retrieved 2021 07 05 Turing award 2013 ACM Leslie Lamport ACM Fellows 2014 IEEE Emanuel R Piore Award Recipients es PDF IEEE Archived from the original PDF on 2010 11 24 Retrieved 2010 12 31 Pease Marshall Robert Shostak Leslie Lamport April 1980 Reaching Agreement in the Presence of Faults Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery 27 2 228 234 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 68 4044 doi 10 1145 322186 322188 S2CID 6429068 Retrieved 2007 02 02 Edsger W Dijkstra Prize in Distributed Computing 2005 Retrieved 2007 02 02 PODC 2001 Lamport Lecture Series Retrieved 2009 07 02 IEEE John von Neumann Medal Recipients PDF IEEE Retrieved December 31 2010 Members and Foreign Associates Elected Archived May 7 2011 at the Wayback Machine National Academy of Sciences May 3 2011 External links Edit Quotations related to Leslie Lamport at Wikiquote Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Leslie Lamport amp oldid 1128717401, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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