The qobyz has two strings made of horsehair. The resonating cavity is usually covered with goat leather.
Traditionally kobyzes were sacred instruments, owned by shamans and bakses (traditional spiritual medics). According to legends, the kobyz and its music could banish evil spirits, sicknesses and death.
In the 1930s, when the first folk instrument orchestras were established in the Soviet republic of Kazakhstan, a new kind of kobyz came into existence. It now had four metallic strings and thus became closer to a violin. Such a modernized kobyz can be used to play both Kazakh music and the most complicated works of violin literature. One of the few western musicians to use the kobyz is Trefor Goronwy.
While many Kazakh kobyz players and scholars theorize that bards accompanied themselves on the kobyz during recitation of epics,[1]: 357 today a mainstay of the Kazakh kobyz repertoire is küi, which are short programatic pieces composed as instrumental narration or expression of emotion, often employing the purposeful imitation of sounds such as bird calls or horse hooves.[1]: 362
In Karakalpak music
The kobyz is still played today by jyrau (one of the two types of Karakalpak bard), as accompaniment during recitation of epics and dastan.[1]: 114 The kobyz punctuates spoken narrative, plays the melodic line in unison with the voice during the sung parts, supports sustained notes in the voice by repeatedly bowing the same note, and plays the melody when the jyrau is not singing.[1]: 114–115
The jyrau sings with a guttural, raspy timbre, in a style common to many nomadic groups of Central Asia, Mongolia, and Southern Siberia. Although this timbre was in the past associated with shamanic practice, living memory of this has died out, and modern jyrau instead interpret the timbre as a vocal imitation of the kobyz itself.[1]: 114
In Tatar music
Tatar qylqubız
The art of kobyz flourished before the fall of the Kazan khanate in 1552 among Tatars and some other ethnic groups of Volga region. However, this art was preserved until the end of the 18th century among the Tatar dervishes.[2] Today the instrument is used in various Tatar ethnic ensembles like Bermenchek etc. and it is studied in depth by a candidate of art history at the Kazan Conservatory Gennady Makarov [tt].[3]
In Kyrgyz music
One Kyrgyz som note (reverse side) depicting a kyl kyyak (right)
The kyl kyyak (Kyrgyz: кыл кыяк [qɯl qɯˈjɑq]) (sometimes spelt kyl kiak and sometimes without the 'kyl') is a stringed musical instrument used in Kyrgyz music. The instrument is carved from a single piece of wood (typically apricot) and typically measures 60–70 cm. It has 2 strings, one to provide melody and the other resonance. The kyl kyyak is played vertically with a bow and can be played on horseback. The strings and bow are normally made from horse hair and many instruments feature a carved horse's head. This all reflects the importance of the horse in Kyrgyz rural culture.
^ abcdefgLevin, Theodore (2016). The Music of Central Asia. Indiana University Press. ISBN9780253017642.
^Макаров, Геннадий (2011). Дәрвишләр сөхбәтендә. Kazan: Татарстан китап нәшрияты. p. 159. ISBN978-5-298-02168-5.
^"Воскресная школа ждет наших детей". Туганайлар (journal). 2016-04-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
External links
Trefor Goronwy
March 14, 2023
kobyz, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, august, 2017, learn,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Kobyz news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Kobyz Kazakh kobyz Qobyz Bashkir ҡumyҙ Tatar kubyz or kylkobyz Kazakh kylkobyz qylqobyz Bashkir ҡyl ҡumyҙ Tatar kylkubyz is an ancient Turkic bowed string instrument spread among Kazakhs Karakalpaks 1 114 Bashkirs and Tatars The Kyrgyz variant is called the kyl kyyak ky 1 63 KobyzClassificationBowed string instrumentRelated instrumentsByzantine lira Byzaanchy Calabrian Lira Cretan lira Gadulka Gusle Gudok Igil Morin Khuur Kamancheh Kemenche Rebec RebabThe qobyz has two strings made of horsehair The resonating cavity is usually covered with goat leather Traditionally kobyzes were sacred instruments owned by shamans and bakses traditional spiritual medics According to legends the kobyz and its music could banish evil spirits sicknesses and death Contents 1 In Kazakh music 2 In Karakalpak music 3 In Tatar music 4 In Kyrgyz music 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksIn Kazakh music EditIn the 1930s when the first folk instrument orchestras were established in the Soviet republic of Kazakhstan a new kind of kobyz came into existence It now had four metallic strings and thus became closer to a violin Such a modernized kobyz can be used to play both Kazakh music and the most complicated works of violin literature One of the few western musicians to use the kobyz is Trefor Goronwy While many Kazakh kobyz players and scholars theorize that bards accompanied themselves on the kobyz during recitation of epics 1 357 today a mainstay of the Kazakh kobyz repertoire is kui which are short programatic pieces composed as instrumental narration or expression of emotion often employing the purposeful imitation of sounds such as bird calls or horse hooves 1 362 In Karakalpak music EditThe kobyz is still played today by jyrau one of the two types of Karakalpak bard as accompaniment during recitation of epics and dastan 1 114 The kobyz punctuates spoken narrative plays the melodic line in unison with the voice during the sung parts supports sustained notes in the voice by repeatedly bowing the same note and plays the melody when the jyrau is not singing 1 114 115 The jyrau sings with a guttural raspy timbre in a style common to many nomadic groups of Central Asia Mongolia and Southern Siberia Although this timbre was in the past associated with shamanic practice living memory of this has died out and modern jyrau instead interpret the timbre as a vocal imitation of the kobyz itself 1 114 In Tatar music Edit Tatar qylqubiz The art of kobyz flourished before the fall of the Kazan khanate in 1552 among Tatars and some other ethnic groups of Volga region However this art was preserved until the end of the 18th century among the Tatar dervishes 2 Today the instrument is used in various Tatar ethnic ensembles like Bermenchek etc and it is studied in depth by a candidate of art history at the Kazan Conservatory Gennady Makarov tt 3 In Kyrgyz music Edit One Kyrgyz som note reverse side depicting a kyl kyyak right The kyl kyyak Kyrgyz kyl kyyak qɯl qɯˈjɑq sometimes spelt kyl kiak and sometimes without the kyl is a stringed musical instrument used in Kyrgyz music The instrument is carved from a single piece of wood typically apricot and typically measures 60 70 cm It has 2 strings one to provide melody and the other resonance The kyl kyyak is played vertically with a bow and can be played on horseback The strings and bow are normally made from horse hair and many instruments feature a carved horse s head This all reflects the importance of the horse in Kyrgyz rural culture See also Edit Kobyz player Turkestan circa 1865 1872 Music of Central Asia Baglama Banhu Byzantine Lyra the bowed lyre of the Byzantine Empire Chuurqin Cobza Dutar Dombra Erhu Gadulka Gudok Gusle Kamancheh Kemenche Komuz Lute Rebab The lyra of CreteReferences Edit a b c d e f g Levin Theodore 2016 The Music of Central Asia Indiana University Press ISBN 9780253017642 Makarov Gennadij 2011 Dәrvishlәr sohbәtendә Kazan Tatarstan kitap nәshriyaty p 159 ISBN 978 5 298 02168 5 Voskresnaya shkola zhdet nashih detej Tuganajlar journal 2016 04 27 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link External links EditKurmangazy Academic orchestra of national instruments Trefor Goronwy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kobyz amp oldid 1125265322, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
