"How to Make and Operate Moving Pictures" published by Funk & Wagnalls in 1917 notes the following:
Of the many attempts to produce cinematograph pictures... the greatest amount of attention so far has been attracted by a system invented by George Albert Smith, and commercially developed by Charles Urban under the name of "Kinemacolor." In this system (to quote from Cassell's Cyclopædia of Photography, edited by the editor of this present book), only two colour filters are used in taking the negatives and only two in projecting the positives. The camera resembles the ordinary cinematographic camera except that it runs at twice the speed, taking thirty-two images per second instead of sixteen, and it is fitted with a rotating colour filter in addition to the ordinary shutter. This filter is an aluminium skeleton wheel... having four segments, two open ones, G and H; one filled in with red-dyed gelatine, E F; and the fourth containing green-dyed gelatine, A B. The camera is so geared that exposures are made alternately through the red gelatine and the green gelatine. Panchromatic film is used, and the negative is printed from in the ordinary way, and it will be understood that there is no colour in the film itself.[2]
The first motion picture exhibited in Kinemacolor was an eight-minute short filmed in Brighton titled A Visit to the Seaside, which was trade shown in September 1908. On 26 February 1909, the general public first saw Kinemacolor in a programme of twenty-one short films shown at the Palace Theatre in London. The process was first seen in the United States on 11 December 1909, at an exhibition staged by Smith and Urban at Madison Square Garden in New York City.[3]
Kinemacolor enjoyed the most commercial success in the UK where, between 1909 and 1918, it was shown at more than 250 entertainment venues. The system was made available to exhibitors either by licence or from 1913 through a series of touring companies. Although in most cases the system stayed at licensed venues for only a few months there were instances where it remained at a hall for up to two years.[5] 54 dramatic films were produced. Four dramatic short films were also produced by Kinemacolor in the United States in 1912 and 1913,[6] and one in Japan, Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura (1914).
However, the company was never a success, partly due to the expense of installing special Kinemacolor projectors in cinemas. Also, the process suffered from "fringeing" and "haloing" of the images, an unsolvable problem as long as Kinemacolor remained a successive frame process. Kinemacolor in the U.S. became most notable for its Hollywood studio being taken over by D. W. Griffith, who also took over Kinemacolor's uncompleted project to film Thomas Dixon'sThe Clansman, which eventually became The Birth of a Nation (1915). The 11⁄2 reels shot in Kinemacolor are lost, and the finished film is entirely in black-and-white.
The first (additive) version of Prizma Color, developed by William Van Doren Kelley in the U.S. from 1913 to 1917, used some of the same principles as Kinemacolor. In the UK, William Friese-Greene developed another additive colour system for film called Biocolour. However, in 1914 George Albert Smith sued Friese-Greene for infringing Kinemacolor's patents, slowing the development of Biocolour by Friese-Greene and his son Claude in the 1920s.
Predecessor process
In 2012, the National Media Museum in Bradford, England publicized its digital restoration of some very early three-colour alternating-filter test films, dated to 1902, made by Edward Raymond Turner. They are believed to be the earliest existing colour film footage. Turner's process, for which Charles Urban had provided financial backing, was adapted by Smith after Turner's sudden death in 1903, and this in turn became Kinemacolor.[7]
^"William Norman Lascelles Davidson". Who's Who of Victorian Cinema. Retrieved 31 October 2007. ... Although his work was ultimately unsuccessful, it played its part in influencing the development of Kinemacolor, the world’s first successful natural colour motion picture system, invented by Davidson’s neighbour in the English south coast town of Southwick, near Brighton, G.A. Smith. ...
Kinematograph Apparatus for the Production of Colored Pictures, by George Albert Smith, U.S. patent, filed 1907.
Improvements in, and relating to, Kinematograph Apparatus for the Production of Coloured Pictures British patent 26,607 accepted 25 July 1907 cancelled 26 April 1915
"My Impressions of 'Kinemacolor'", Wilson's Photographic Magazine, 1912.
"Animation in Natural Colours", Moving Pictures, 1912.
January 07, 2023
kinemacolor, first, successful, colour, motion, picture, process, used, commercially, from, 1908, 1914, invented, george, albert, smith, 1906, influenced, work, william, norman, lascelles, davidson, more, directly, edward, raymond, turner, launched, charles, u. Kinemacolor was the first successful colour motion picture process used commercially from 1908 to 1914 It was invented by George Albert Smith in 1906 He was influenced by the work of William Norman Lascelles Davidson and more directly Edward Raymond Turner 1 It was launched by Charles Urban s Urban Trading Co of London in 1908 From 1909 on the process was known and trademarked as Kinemacolor It was a two colour additive colour process photographing and projecting a black and white film behind alternating red and green filters KinemacolorA frame from George Albert Smith s early colour film Two Clowns c 1907 TypeCorporationIndustryMotion picturesFounded1906Defunct1915HeadquartersNew York United States Contents 1 Process 2 Premiere 3 Success and decline 4 Predecessor process 5 List of films made in Kinemacolor 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksProcess Edit How to Make and Operate Moving Pictures published by Funk amp Wagnalls in 1917 notes the following Of the many attempts to produce cinematograph pictures the greatest amount of attention so far has been attracted by a system invented by George Albert Smith and commercially developed by Charles Urban under the name of Kinemacolor In this system to quote from Cassell s Cyclopaedia of Photography edited by the editor of this present book only two colour filters are used in taking the negatives and only two in projecting the positives The camera resembles the ordinary cinematographic camera except that it runs at twice the speed taking thirty two images per second instead of sixteen and it is fitted with a rotating colour filter in addition to the ordinary shutter This filter is an aluminium skeleton wheel having four segments two open ones G and H one filled in with red dyed gelatine E F and the fourth containing green dyed gelatine A B The camera is so geared that exposures are made alternately through the red gelatine and the green gelatine Panchromatic film is used and the negative is printed from in the ordinary way and it will be understood that there is no colour in the film itself 2 Premiere Edit source source source A Visit to the Seaside source source source source source source source source source source With Our King and Queen Through India extract The first motion picture exhibited in Kinemacolor was an eight minute short filmed in Brighton titled A Visit to the Seaside which was trade shown in September 1908 On 26 February 1909 the general public first saw Kinemacolor in a programme of twenty one short films shown at the Palace Theatre in London The process was first seen in the United States on 11 December 1909 at an exhibition staged by Smith and Urban at Madison Square Garden in New York City 3 In 1911 Kinemacolor released the first dramatic film made in the process Checkmated The company then produced the documentary films With Our King and Queen Through India also known as The Durbar at Delhi 1912 and the notable recovery of 750 000 worth of gold and silver bullion from the wreck of P amp O s SS Oceana in the Strait of Dover 1912 4 With Our King and Queen Through India and the dramas The World the Flesh and the Devil 1914 and Little Lord Fauntleroy 1914 were the first three feature films made in colour These latter two features were also among the last films released by Kinemacolor Success and decline EditKinemacolor enjoyed the most commercial success in the UK where between 1909 and 1918 it was shown at more than 250 entertainment venues The system was made available to exhibitors either by licence or from 1913 through a series of touring companies Although in most cases the system stayed at licensed venues for only a few months there were instances where it remained at a hall for up to two years 5 54 dramatic films were produced Four dramatic short films were also produced by Kinemacolor in the United States in 1912 and 1913 6 and one in Japan Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura 1914 However the company was never a success partly due to the expense of installing special Kinemacolor projectors in cinemas Also the process suffered from fringeing and haloing of the images an unsolvable problem as long as Kinemacolor remained a successive frame process Kinemacolor in the U S became most notable for its Hollywood studio being taken over by D W Griffith who also took over Kinemacolor s uncompleted project to film Thomas Dixon s The Clansman which eventually became The Birth of a Nation 1915 The 11 2 reels shot in Kinemacolor are lost and the finished film is entirely in black and white The first additive version of Prizma Color developed by William Van Doren Kelley in the U S from 1913 to 1917 used some of the same principles as Kinemacolor In the UK William Friese Greene developed another additive colour system for film called Biocolour However in 1914 George Albert Smith sued Friese Greene for infringing Kinemacolor s patents slowing the development of Biocolour by Friese Greene and his son Claude in the 1920s Predecessor process EditIn 2012 the National Media Museum in Bradford England publicized its digital restoration of some very early three colour alternating filter test films dated to 1902 made by Edward Raymond Turner They are believed to be the earliest existing colour film footage Turner s process for which Charles Urban had provided financial backing was adapted by Smith after Turner s sudden death in 1903 and this in turn became Kinemacolor 7 List of films made in Kinemacolor EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed September 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Adopted Child 1911 Advance Styles of Ostrich Plumage 1911 Aldershot Views 1912 All s Well That Ends Well 1914 Alpes Maritimes Cascade de Courmes 1912 The Alps 1913 An American Invasion 1913 The Amorous Doctor 1911 Artillery Drill at West Point 1910 Atlantic City 1912 The Baby 1910 A Balkan Episode 1911 Band of Queen s Highlanders 1909 Barnyard Pets 1910 Beads of the World 1911 Big Waves at Brighton 1912 The Birth of a Flower 1910 The Birth of a Nation 1911 uncompleted Biskra and the Sahara Desert 1910 The Blackmailer 1911 Boys Will Be Boys 1911 Britain Prepared 1915 Brown s German Liver Cure 1911 The Bully 1910 The Burglar as Father Christmas 1911 Burial of the Maine 1912 8 Butterflies 1913 By Order of Napoleon 1910 By the Side of the Zuyder Zee 1912 Caesar s Prisoners 1911 Cairo and the Nile 1912 The Call of the Blood 1913 The Cap of Invisibility 1912 Carnival at Nice 1914 Carnival in Ceylon 1913 Carnival Scenes at Nice and Cannes 1909 Cart Horse Parade May 31 Regent s Park 1912 Castles in the Air 1912 Cat Studies 1908 Charles Barnold s Dog and Monkey 1912 Checkmated 1911 The Chef s Preparations 1910 Children Forming United States Flag at Albany Capitol 1912 Children s Battle of Flowers at Nice 1909 Choice Bouquets 1910 Choosing the Wallpaper 1910 A Christmas Spirit 1912 Church Parade of the 7th Hussars and 16th Lancers 1909 A Cingalese Fishing Village in Ceylon 1913 A Citizeness of Paris 1911 The Clown s Sacrifice 1911 Coney Gets the Glad Eye 1913 Coney as a Peacemaker 1913 Coronation of George V 1911 The Coster s Wedding 1910 The Crusader 1911 Dandy Dick of Bishopsgate 1911 A Day at Henley 1911 A Detachment of Gordon Highlanders 1909 Detective Henry and the Paris Apaches 1911 A Devoted Friend 1911 Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 1913 British Egypt 1910 Elevating an Elephant 1913 An Elizabethan Romance 1912 Entertaining Auntie 1913 Esther A Biblical Episode 1911 The Explorers 1913 The Fall of Babylon 1911 Farm Yard Friends 1910 Fate 1911 Feeding Poultry at Prowse Jones Farm 1911 Fifty Miles from Tombstone 1913 The Fisherman s Daughter 1911 Floral Fiends 1910 The Flower Girl of Florence 1911 Following Mother s Footsteps 1911 For the Crown 1911 Forces of Europe 1914 Fording the River 1910 A French Duel 1911 The Freshwater Aquarium 1911 From Bud to Blossom 1910 From Factory Girl to Prima Donna 1911 The Funeral of Edward VII 1910 Galileo 1911 A Gambler s Villainy 1912 Ganges at Benares 1913 Gems and Jewels 1911 The General s Only Son 1911 George V s Visit to Ireland 1911 Gerald s Butterfly 1912 Girl Worth Having 1913 Gladioli 1913 Grape vineyards in Piedmont Italy 1914 The Harvest 1908 Haunted Otter 1913 Hiawatha 1913 A Highland Lassie 1910 The Highlander 1911 His Brother s Keeper 1913 His Conscience 1911 His Last Burglary 1911 The House That Jack Built 1913 How to Live 100 Years 1913 The Hypnotist and the Convict 1911 Ice Cutting on the St Lawrence River 1912 In Gollywog Land 1912 In the Reign of Terror 1911 Inaugurazione del Campanile di San Marco Venice 1912 Incident on Brighton Beach 1909 Indiens sur le terrain M A A A 1910 The Inventor s Son 1911 The Investiture of the Prince of Wales at Caernarvon 1911 Italian Flower and Bead Vendors 1912 Italy 1910 Jack and the Beanstalk 1912 Jane Shore 1911 Japan 1913 Johnson at the Wedding 1911 Julius Caesar s Sandals 1911 Khartoum and his Natives 1911 Kinemacolor Fashion Gazette 1913 Kinemacolor Panama Pictures 1913 Kinemacolor Photo Plays 1913 Kinemacolor Puzzle 1909 Kinemacolor Songs 1911 The King and Queen on Their Way to Open the Victoria and Albert Museum 1912 The King of Indigo 1911 Kitty the Dressmaker 1911 Lady Beaulay s Necklace 1911 Lake Garda Northern Italy 1910 Launch of the S S Olympic 1912 The Letter 1909 Liquors and Cigars 1910 The Little Daughter s Letter 1911 Little Lady Lafayette 1911 Little Lord Fauntleroy 1914 The Little Picture Producer 1914 The Little Wooden Soldier 1912 The London Fire Brigade 1910 London Zoological Gardens 1910 Lost Collar Stud 1914 The Lost Ring 1911 Love and War in Toyland 1913 Love Conquers 1911 Love in a Cottage 1911 Love of Riches 1911 Love Story of Charles II 1911 Love s Strategy 1911 A Lucky Escape 1911 The Lust for Gold 1912 Magic Ring 1911 The Making of the Panama Canal 1912 Man s Best Friends 1911 The Marble Industry at Carrara Italy 1913 Mephisto 1912 A Merry Monarch 1913 The Mighty Dollar 1912 The Millionaire s Nephew 1911 The Minstrel King 1912 Miscellaneous Flowers 1914 Mischievous Puck 1911 Mission Bells 1913 Modelling Extraordinary 1912 A Modern Hero 1911 The Modern Pygmalion and Galatea 1911 Motor and Yacht Boating in England 1910 Music Hath Charms 1911 Mystic Manipulations 1911 A Narrow Escape 1913 Nathan Hale 1913 Natural Color Portraiture 1909 Naval Review at Spithead 1910 Nell Gwynn the Orange Girl 1911 New York Autumn Fashions 1912 Niagara Falls 1912 Nobility 1912 A Noble Heart 1911 Normal Melbourne 1912 Nubia Wadi Halfa and the Second Cataract 1911 Oedipus Rex 1911 Ofia the Woman Spy 1912 The Old Guitar 1912 The Old Hat 1910 Oliver Cromwell 1911 Only a Woman 1912 Other People s Children 1913 Out Gem of a Cook 1910 Pageant of New Romney Hythe and Sandwich 1910 Pagsanjan Falls 1911 Paris Fashions 1913 The Passions of an Egyptian Princess 1911 The Peasants and the Fairy 1911 Performing Elephants 1913 Phil Rees Stable Lads 1912 Picking Strawberries 1910 Pisa Italy 1913 Pompeii 1912 Potomac Falls Virginia 1910 The Power of Prayer 1913 The Priest s Burden 1911 The Princess of Romana 1913 The Rabbits Sheep Carrots for the Donkey 1909 Rambles in Paris 1913 Reaping 1909 The Rebel s Daughter 1911 Refreshments 1910 Representatives of the British Isles 1909 Reptiles 1912 Review of Troops by George V 1910 Revues des Boy Scouts a Montreal 1910 The Richmond Horse Show 1910 The Rivals 1913 Riviera Coast Scenes 1909 Riviera Fisher Folk 1909 Robin Hood 1913 A Romance of the Canadian Wilds 1910 Romani the Brigand 1912 Royal Ascot 1912 A Run with the Exmoor Staghounds 1912 Sailing and Motor Boat Scenes at Southwick 1909 Samson and Delilah 1911 Santa Claus 1913 Saved From the Titanic 1912 only two scenes were filmed in Kinemacolor The Scarlet Letter 1913 Scenes a Montreal comprenant le Gymkhana 1910 Scenes in Algeria 1910 Scenes in Cornwall 1910 Scenes on the Mediterranean 1913 A Scrap of Paper 1913 A Seaside Comedy 1912 The Silken Thread 1911 Simpkin s Dream of a Holiday 1911 Small Game at the Zoo 1912 The Smallest Barque in the World 1911 Soldiers Pet 1909 Spreewald 1913 St John the Baptist 1912 Stage Struck 1913 Steam 1910 The Story of Napoleon 1910 The Story of the Orange 1913 The Story of the Wasp 1914 Strange Mounts 1912 Suffragette s Parade in Washington D C 1913 The Sugar Industry of Jamaica 1913 Sunset on the Nile 1913 Sunsets of Egypt 1912 Swank and the Remedy 1911 Swans 1909 Sweet Flowers 1909 Tartans of Scottish Clans 1906 Telemachus 1911 Three Cape Girls 1912 The Tide of Fortune 1912 Theodore Roosevelt 1912 There Is a God 1913 Tobogganing in Switzerland 1913 La Tosca 1911 with Lillian Russell based on the play by Victorien Sardou A Tragedy of the Olden Times 1911 Trilby and Svengali 1911 A Trip Up Mount Lowe USA 1913 A True Briton 1912 Two Can Play at the Same Game 1911 The Two Chorus Girls 1911 Two Christmas Hampers 1911 Two Clowns 1906 The Two Rivals 1912 Uncle s Picnic 1911 The Unveiling of the Queen Victoria Memorial 1911 The Vandal Outlaws 1912 Varieties of Sweet Peas 1911 Venice and the Grand Canal 1910 The Vicissitudes of a Top Hat 1912 View of Brighton Front 1909 A Visit to Aldershot 1909 A Visit to the Seaside 1908 Visite de son Altesse Royale le Duc de Connaught a Montreal 1910 Voyage de Liverpool a Vancouver via Montreal 1910 Washington s Home and Grounds at Mount Vernon 1910 Water Carnival at Villefranche sur Mer 1909 Waves and Spray 1909 William Howard Taft 1912 William Tell 1914 Winter in Moscow 1913 Winter Sports at Are 1913 With Our King and Queen Through India The Durbar at Delhi 1912 With the Fighting Forces of Europe 1914 The Wizard and the Brigands 1911 Woman Draped in Patterned Handkerchiefs 1908 The World the Flesh and the Devil 1914 Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura Japan 1914 An Expression Japan 1935 9 See also EditList of color film systems List of film formatsReferences Edit William Norman Lascelles Davidson Who s Who of Victorian Cinema Retrieved 31 October 2007 Although his work was ultimately unsuccessful it played its part in influencing the development of Kinemacolor the world s first successful natural colour motion picture system invented by Davidson s neighbour in the English south coast town of Southwick near Brighton G A Smith Widescreen Museum urbanora 15 June 2008 Colourful stories no 11 Kinemacolor in America The Bioscope Bioscopic wordpress com Retrieved 26 February 2014 Salvage Operations of S S Oceana Produced by the Natural Colour Kinematograph Co Brighton at IMDb Victoria Jackson The Distribution and Exhibition of Kinemacolor in the UK and the USA 1909 1916 University of Bristol 2011 La Tosca 1912 Mission Bells 1913 The Rivals 1913 and The Scarlet Letter 1913 World s First Colour Film Discovered BBC News 12 September 2012 The New York Times 2 April 1912 24 Accessed via ProQuest Display Ad 28 No Title An Expression Details of the work Japanese Animated Film Classics External links EditKinemacolor on Timeline of Historical Film Colors with primary and secondary sources patents and photographs of historical film prints Re creating Kinemacolor on the screen Kinemacolor frames ofWilliam Howard Taft Kinematograph Apparatus for the Production of Colored Pictures by George Albert Smith U S patent filed 1907 Improvements in and relating to Kinematograph Apparatus for the Production of Coloured Pictures British patent 26 607 accepted 25 July 1907 cancelled 26 April 1915 My Impressions of Kinemacolor Wilson s Photographic Magazine 1912 Animation in Natural Colours Moving Pictures 1912 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kinemacolor amp oldid 1120303799, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
