The Kaitabheshvara temple (also spelt Kaitabhesvara or Kaitabheshwara, known also as Kotisvara) is located in the town of Kubatur (also spelt Kubattur or Kuppattur, and called Kuntalanagara or Kotipura in ancient inscriptions), near Anavatti in the Shimoga district of Karnataka state, India. The temple was constructed during the reign of Hoysala King Vinayaditya around 1100 AD. The Hoysala ruling family was during this time a powerful feudatory of the imperial Western Chalukya Empire ruled by King Vikramaditya VI.[1][2][3][4] According to the Archaeological Survey of India, the architectural signature of the temple is mainly "Chalukyan".[1] Art historian Adam Hardy classifies the style involved in the construction of the temple as "Later Chalukya, non mainstream, far end of spectrum". The building material used is soapstone[5] The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India.[6]
The temple has a single square shaped shrine (garbhagriha) with an east–west orientation, a vestibule that connects the sanctum (cella or vimana) to the main large open hall (mukhamantapa) that has a staggered square plan and can be entered from five sides;[7] two lateral and one each in the north, south and east. The walls of the shrine and vestibule stand on a base (adisthana) that is composed of five moldings. The superstructure over the sanctum is four-tiered (chatustala arpita). It is crowned by a large domed roof that looks like a "helmet" (amalaka) and whose shape follows the shape of the shrine (square in this case). The "helmet" is the largest sculptural piece in the temple, it is beautifully carved and well decorated. Atop the dome is a beautiful water-pot like stone structure (kalasha) that forms the pinnacle of the tower. In case of those temples where the original pinnacle is lost, a metallic structure is normally used as a replacement. The tower over the vestibule (sukanasi or "nose"), which is actually a protrusion of the main tower, faces east.[1][8] The open mantapa is large and its ceiling is supported by massive lathe-turned circular pillars. The relief work in the central panel of the hall ceiling is particularly noteworthy and the overall preservation of the temple is good.[9]
Sculptures and decorationedit
A rear profile view of Kaitabheshvara temple at KubaturOld Kannada inscription (1241-1249 A.D.) at Kaitabheshvara temple
The sculptural motifs and friezes, the decorative articulation, the shape of superstructure (shikhara) and the design of pillars in this temple are those commonly found in other Western Chalukyan temples.[1][5] On the outer walls of the shrine and vestibule are pilasters of two types; full length pilasters that reach up to the heavy though inconspicuous eaves, and half length pilasters that support miniature decorative towers (Aedicula) of various kinds (such as latina and bhumija).[1][10] The sculptures of Mahishamardini ( a form of the Hindu goddess Durga, Bhairava ( a form of the god Shiva), and Ganesha can be found on the main tower. The base of the outerwall of the open hall (mukhamandapa) has decorative motifs, pilasters surmounted by miniature decorative pyramidal shaped turrets with gargoyle faced (kirtimukha) scrolls. The seating area in the hall (kakshasana) is treated with floral decorations. The pillars of the mandapa are characteristically circular, polished and lathe-turned, with those pillars that are mounted on a platform (jagati) being fluted and shorter in height.[1] The ceilings are ornate and the typical Hoysala style parapet over the eaves has sculptural representations of Ugra Narasimha, Varaha (the boar, an incarnation of the god Vishnu), Garuda (the eagle) and Keshava (a form of the god Krishna). The doorjamb at the entrance to the vestibule and sanctum are typically ornate and Hoysala in character, with the lintel displaying a sculpture of "Gajalakshmi" (the Hindu goddess Lakshmi with elephants on either side).[1]
Notesedit
^ abcdefg"Kaitabhesvara Temple". Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^During the rule of Vinyaditya (1047–1098), the Hoysalas established themselves as a powerful Chalukya feudatory (Chopra 2003, p151, part 1)
^"Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka". Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Profile of mantapa (hall) and shrine outer wall decor in Kaitabheshvara temple at Kubatur
Vesara style tower over shrine in Kaitabheshvara temple at Kubatur
Ornate bay ceiling in Kaitabheshvara temple at Kubatur
large open mahamantapa (main hall) with three sided entrance in Kaitabheshvara temple at Kubatur
A virgal (Hero stone) in Kaitabheshvara temple at Kubatur
A small shrine in the hall of Kaitabheshvara temple at Kubatur
Ornate domical bay ceiling in Kaitabheshvara temple at Kubatur
Referencesedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kaitabheshvara Temple, Kubatur.
"Kaitabhesvara Temple". Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Adam Hardy, Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries, Abhinav, 1995 ISBN81-7017-312-4.
"Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka". Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
Chopra, P.N.; Ravindran, T.K.; Subrahmanian, N (2003) [2003]. History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern) Part 1. New Delhi: Chand Publications. ISBN81-219-0153-7.
Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999) [1999]. Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New Age Publishers. ISBN81-224-1198-3.
Gerard Foekema, A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples, Abhinav, 1996 ISBN81-7017-345-0
Cousens, Henry (1996) [1926]. The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese Districts. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. OCLC 37526233.
January 01, 1970
kaitabheshvara, temple, kubatur, kaitabheshvara, temple, also, spelt, kaitabhesvara, kaitabheshwara, known, also, kotisvara, located, town, kubatur, also, spelt, kubattur, kuppattur, called, kuntalanagara, kotipura, ancient, inscriptions, near, anavatti, shimo. The Kaitabheshvara temple also spelt Kaitabhesvara or Kaitabheshwara known also as Kotisvara is located in the town of Kubatur also spelt Kubattur or Kuppattur and called Kuntalanagara or Kotipura in ancient inscriptions near Anavatti in the Shimoga district of Karnataka state India The temple was constructed during the reign of Hoysala King Vinayaditya around 1100 AD The Hoysala ruling family was during this time a powerful feudatory of the imperial Western Chalukya Empire ruled by King Vikramaditya VI 1 2 3 4 According to the Archaeological Survey of India the architectural signature of the temple is mainly Chalukyan 1 Art historian Adam Hardy classifies the style involved in the construction of the temple as Later Chalukya non mainstream far end of spectrum The building material used is soapstone 5 The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India 6 Kaitabheshvara TempleHindu templeKaitabheshvara temple 1100 AD at Kubatur in Shimoga districtKaitabheshvara TempleLocation in Karnataka IndiaCoordinates 14 33 53 N 75 09 08 E 14 5648100 N 75 1523400 E 14 5648100 75 1523400Country IndiaStateKarnatakaDistrictShimoga DistrictLanguages OfficialKannadaTime zoneUTC 5 30 IST Contents 1 Temple plan 2 Sculptures and decoration 3 Notes 4 Gallery 5 ReferencesTemple plan editThe temple has a single square shaped shrine garbhagriha with an east west orientation a vestibule that connects the sanctum cella or vimana to the main large open hall mukhamantapa that has a staggered square plan and can be entered from five sides 7 two lateral and one each in the north south and east The walls of the shrine and vestibule stand on a base adisthana that is composed of five moldings The superstructure over the sanctum is four tiered chatustala arpita It is crowned by a large domed roof that looks like a helmet amalaka and whose shape follows the shape of the shrine square in this case The helmet is the largest sculptural piece in the temple it is beautifully carved and well decorated Atop the dome is a beautiful water pot like stone structure kalasha that forms the pinnacle of the tower In case of those temples where the original pinnacle is lost a metallic structure is normally used as a replacement The tower over the vestibule sukanasi or nose which is actually a protrusion of the main tower faces east 1 8 The open mantapa is large and its ceiling is supported by massive lathe turned circular pillars The relief work in the central panel of the hall ceiling is particularly noteworthy and the overall preservation of the temple is good 9 Sculptures and decoration edit nbsp A rear profile view of Kaitabheshvara temple at Kubatur nbsp Old Kannada inscription 1241 1249 A D at Kaitabheshvara temple The sculptural motifs and friezes the decorative articulation the shape of superstructure shikhara and the design of pillars in this temple are those commonly found in other Western Chalukyan temples 1 5 On the outer walls of the shrine and vestibule are pilasters of two types full length pilasters that reach up to the heavy though inconspicuous eaves and half length pilasters that support miniature decorative towers Aedicula of various kinds such as latina and bhumija 1 10 The sculptures of Mahishamardini a form of the Hindu goddess Durga Bhairava a form of the god Shiva and Ganesha can be found on the main tower The base of the outerwall of the open hall mukhamandapa has decorative motifs pilasters surmounted by miniature decorative pyramidal shaped turrets with gargoyle faced kirtimukha scrolls The seating area in the hall kakshasana is treated with floral decorations The pillars of the mandapa are characteristically circular polished and lathe turned with those pillars that are mounted on a platform jagati being fluted and shorter in height 1 The ceilings are ornate and the typical Hoysala style parapet over the eaves has sculptural representations of Ugra Narasimha Varaha the boar an incarnation of the god Vishnu Garuda the eagle and Keshava a form of the god Krishna The doorjamb at the entrance to the vestibule and sanctum are typically ornate and Hoysala in character with the lintel displaying a sculpture of Gajalakshmi the Hindu goddess Lakshmi with elephants on either side 1 Notes edit a b c d e f g Kaitabhesvara Temple Archaeological Survey of India Bengaluru Circle ASI Bengaluru Circle Retrieved 14 July 2012 During the rule of Vinyaditya 1047 1098 the Hoysalas established themselves as a powerful Chalukya feudatory Chopra 2003 p151 part 1 Sen 1999 p498 Foekema 1996 p14 a b Hardy 1995 p335 Alphabetical List of Monuments Karnataka Bangalore Bangalore Circle Karnataka Archaeological Survey of India Government of India Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts Retrieved 14 July 2012 Foekema 1996 p21 Foekema 1996 p22 p27 Cousens 1926 p99 Foekema 1996 p28Gallery edit nbsp Profile of mantapa hall and shrine outer wall decor in Kaitabheshvara temple at Kubatur nbsp Vesara style tower over shrine in Kaitabheshvara temple at Kubatur nbsp Ornate bay ceiling in Kaitabheshvara temple at Kubatur nbsp large open mahamantapa main hall with three sided entrance in Kaitabheshvara temple at Kubatur nbsp A virgal Hero stone in Kaitabheshvara temple at Kubatur nbsp A small shrine in the hall of Kaitabheshvara temple at Kubatur nbsp Ornate domical bay ceiling in Kaitabheshvara temple at KubaturReferences edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kaitabheshvara Temple Kubatur Kaitabhesvara Temple Archaeological Survey of India Bengaluru Circle ASI Bengaluru Circle Retrieved 14 July 2012 Adam Hardy Indian Temple Architecture Form and Transformation the Karṇaṭa Draviḍa Tradition 7th to 13th Centuries Abhinav 1995 ISBN 81 7017 312 4 Alphabetical List of Monuments Karnataka Bangalore Bangalore Circle Karnataka Archaeological Survey of India Government of India Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts Retrieved 12 July 2012 Chopra P N Ravindran T K Subrahmanian N 2003 2003 History of South India Ancient Medieval and Modern Part 1 New Delhi Chand Publications ISBN 81 219 0153 7 Sen Sailendra Nath 1999 1999 Ancient Indian History and Civilization New Age Publishers ISBN 81 224 1198 3 Gerard Foekema A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples Abhinav 1996 ISBN 81 7017 345 0 Cousens Henry 1996 1926 The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese Districts New Delhi Archaeological Survey of India OCLC 37526233 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kaitabheshvara Temple Kubatur amp oldid 1088218947, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
