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Judah Leib Ben-Ze'ev

January 01, 1970

Judah Leib Ben-Ze'ev (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה לֵיבּ בֵּן־זְאֵב, German: Juda Löb Bensew; 18 August 1764 – 12 March 1811) was a Galician Jewish philologist, lexicographer, and Biblical scholar. He was a member of the Me'assefim group of Hebrew writers,[3][4] and a "forceful proponent of revitalizing the Hebrew language".[5]

Judah Leib Ben-Ze'ev
Born(1764-08-18)18 August 1764[1]
Lelov, Krakow Voivodeship, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth[2]
Died12 March 1811(1811-03-12) (aged 46)
Vienna, Austrian Empire
Pen nameY. L. K., Yehuda Leib Krakow
LanguageHebrew
Literary movementHaskalah

Biography edit

Judah Leib Ben-Ze'ev was born in the Galician town of Lelov and received a traditional Jewish education.[6] He was married off at the age of 13 and settled in the home of his wife's parents in Krakow,[7] where he spent his days studying Talmud and his nights in clandestinely acquiring the knowledge of Hebrew philology and of secular subjects.[8] In 1787 he moved to Berlin, then the centre of the Haskalah movement.[9] There, he supported himself by teaching Hebrew and began publishing poems and parables in the Hebrew press.[10] Ben-Ze'ev became friends with the Me'assefim and contributed to their journal poems and fables signed "Y. L. K." (Yehuda Leib Krakow).[2]

In 1790 Ben-Ze'ev took up residence in Breslau, where he wrote and published his Hebrew grammar, Talmud lashon ʻIvri, in 1796. Two years later he published his Hebrew translation from Syriac of the apocryphal Book of Sirach, called by Franz Delitzsch a "masterpiece of imitation of Biblical gnomic style",[11] followed by a translation from Greek of the Book of Judith.[12] Ben-Ze'ev returned from Breslau to Krakow and in 1799 formally divorced his wife, with whom he had one daughter.[1] He settled in Vienna as proofreader in the Hebrew presses of Joseph Hraszansky and Anton Edler von Schmid and remained there till his death.[10]

Work edit

 
Title page of Ben-Ze'ev's Talmud lashon ʻIvri

Prose edit

Ben-Ze'ev is considered the first to systematize, in the Hebrew language itself, Hebrew grammar, to arrange it methodically and to introduce logic, syntax, and prosody as part of grammatical studies.[13] His grammar Talmud lashon ʻIvri served as the main source for the study of Hebrew in Eastern Europe for a hundred years.[9] The work is divided into five parts, each prefaced with a poem in praise of the Hebrew language, and includes a ma'amar on the difference between thought and speech.[14] It was republished with additions, annotations, and commentaries no less than twenty times.[15] Most notable is the Vilna edition of 1874, with the commentary "Yitron le-Adam" by Avraham Ber Lebensohn. The first part of a German revision of his Talmud by Salomon Jacob Cohen appeared in Berlin in 1802, and three parts in Dessau in 1807.[13]

His second-most popular work was the Otzar ha-shorashim, a lexicon of Hebrew roots and Hebrew-German dictionary, inspired by the work of David Kimḥi.[9][16] First published in Vienna between 1806 and 1808, the book went through six editions up to 1880.[17] Ben-Ze'ev's Mesillat ha-limmud, a grammatical work for school-age children,[18] was translated into Italian by Leon Romani (Vienna, 1825) and into Russian by Abraham Jacob Paperna (Warsaw, 1871).[19]

Ben-Ze'ev released new editions and commentaries to the Saadia Gaon's Sefer ha-emunot ve-ha-de'ot (Berlin, 1789) and Yedidya ha-Penini's Beḥinat ha-'Olam (1789).[20][21] His last major work was Mavo el mikraʼe kodesh (Vienna, 1810), an anthology of historical-critical introductions to each of the books of the Prophets and Hagiographa.[17] The Mavo adopts some of the critical theories of Johann Gottfried Eichhorn.[22][23]

Poetry edit

Ben-Ze'ev was the author of Melitzah le-Purim, a collection of mock prayers and seliḥot for Purim, which was often published with Kalonymus ben Kalonymus' celebrated Talmudical parody Masekhet Purim.[24] In 1810, he released a poem in honour of the marriage of Napoleon and Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma.[25] Ben-Ze'ev also composed the earliest-known Hebrew erotic poems in the modern era,[26][27] which circulated widely in manuscript form but were not published until the 20th century.[21] These include Shir agavim, published by Getzel Kressel in 1977,[25][28] and Derekh gever be-almah, a description of sexual intercourse using combinations of fractions of biblical verses.[24]

Criticism edit

While well regarded in Maskilic circles, Ben-Ze'ev was the subject of bitter denunciation from many traditionalists because of his heterodox Enlightenment activities.[29] Rumours circulated of the writer having died on the toilet as divine punishment for editing the Talmud lashon ʻIvri on the Sabbath.[30][31][32]

Partial bibliography edit

  • Talmud lashon ʻIvri: kolel yesodot dikduk ha-lashon [Study of the Hebrew Language] (in Hebrew). Vienna: Anton Schmid. 1805 [1796].
  • Ḥokhmat Yehoshua ben Sira: neʻetak li-leshon ʻIvri ve-Ashkenazi u-meturgam Aramit [The Wisdom of Joshua ben Sira]. 880-03Ben sira (in Hebrew and Yiddish). Breslau. 1798.
  • Beit ha-sefer: mesillat ha-limmud [The School]. 880-04Limude ha-mesharim (in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Vienna: Anton Schmid. 1816 [1802].
  • Megilat Yehudit: ve-hu maʻase Yehudit im Oloferni [The Book of Judith] (in Hebrew and Yiddish). Vienna: Anton Schmid. 1819 [1799].
  • Otzar ha-shorashim: kolel shorashe ha-lashon ha-ʻIvrit [Treasure of Roots] (in Hebrew). Vol. 1–3. Vienna: Anton Schmid. 1807.
  • Mavo el mikraʼe kodesh [Introduction of the Holy Scriptures] (in Hebrew). Vienna: Anton Schmid. 1810.
  • Yesode ha-dat: kolel ʻikkre ha-emunah [The Foundations of Religion: Including the Tenets of Faith] (in Hebrew). Vienna: Anton Schmid. 1811.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Judah Leib Ben Zeev.

References edit

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Ginzberg, Louis; Wiernik, Peter (1902). "Judah Löb Ben-Ze'eb". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 681–682.

  1. ^ a b Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1856). "Bensef, Juda Löb" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 1. pp. 281–282 – via Wikisource.
  2. ^ a b Zinberg, Israel (1976). The Berlin Haskalah. A History of Jewish Literature. Translated by Martin, Bernard. Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press. pp. 182–185. ISBN 978-0-87068-477-7.
  3. ^ Pelli, Moshe (2001). Dor ha-Meʼasfim be-shaḥar ha-Haskalah (in Hebrew). Bnei Brak: Hotsaʼat ha-kibbutz ha-meʼuḥad. ISBN 978-965-02-0148-7. OCLC 48715696.
  4. ^ Pelli, Moshe (2005). "קיום הלשון בקיום אומתה: פריודיזציה בתפיסת השפה והספרות של סופר ההשכלה יהודה ליב בן-זאב" (PDF). Leshonenu La'am (in Hebrew). 54 (4): 170–178. ISSN 0024-1091.
  5. ^ Rabinowitz, Dan (2019). The Lost Library: The Legacy of Vilna's Strashun Library in the Aftermath of the Holocaust. The Tauber Institute Series for the Study of European Jewry. Waltham: Brandeis University Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-5126-0310-1. OCLC 1113857577.
  6. ^ Ersch, J. S.; Gruber, J. G., eds. (1822). "Ben-Sew". Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste (in German). Vol. 9. Leipzig: Johan Friedrich Gleditsch. p. 42.
  7. ^ Klausner, Joseph. Historyah shel ha-sifrut ha-ʻIvrit ha-ḥadashah [History of Modern Hebrew Literature] (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Hebrew University Press. p. 157. OCLC 774488646.
  8. ^ Kaddari, Menachem Zevi (2007). "Ben Ze'ev, Judah Leib". In Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred (eds.). Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4.
  9. ^ a b c Kaddari, Menachem Zevi. "Judah Leib Ben-Ze'ev". Jewish Virtual Library. American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  10. ^ a b Brisman, Shimeon (2000). A History and Guide to Judaic Dictionaries and Concordances. Jewish Research Literature. Vol. 3. KTAV Publishing House. pp. 74–75. ISBN 978-0-88125-658-1.
  11. ^ Delitzsch, Franz (1836). (in German). Leipzig: Tauchnitz. p. 110. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020.
  12. ^ Sæbø, Magne, ed. (1996). Hebrew Bible, Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation. Vol. II. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 1021–1022. ISBN 978-3-525-53982-8.
  13. ^ a b   Ginzberg, Louis; Wiernik, Peter (1902). "Judah Löb Ben-Ze'eb". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 681–682.
  14. ^ Zwiep, Irene E. (2002). "Imagined Speech Communities: Western Ashkenazi Multilingualism as Reflected in Eighteenth-Century Grammars of Hebrew". Studia Rosenthaliana. 36: 77–117. doi:10.2143/SR.36.0.504917. JSTOR 41482644.
  15. ^ Pelli, Moshe (2010). Haskalah and Beyond: The Reception of the Hebrew Enlightenment and the Emergence of Haskalah Judaism. University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-5204-9.
  16. ^ Schatz, Andrea (2007). ""Peoples Pure of Speech": The Religious, the Secular, and Jewish Beginnings of Modernity". In Ruderman, David B.; Feiner, Shmuel (eds.). Early Modern Culture and Haskalah: Reconsidering the Borderlines of Modern Jewish History. Simon Dubnow Institute Yearbook. Vol. VI. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 169–187. ISBN 978-3-525-36933-3.
  17. ^ a b Bezzel, Hannes; Hecht, Louise; Schorch, Grit (2019). "Die Anfänge moderner Bibelwissenschaft in der Wiener Haskala". In Vorpahl, Daniel; Kähler, Sophia; Tzoref, Shani (eds.). Deutsch-jüdische Bibelwissenschaft: Historische, exegetische und theologische Perspektiven [German-Jewish Bible Scholarship: Historical, Exegetical, and Theological Perspectives] (in German). Berlin: De Gruyter Oldenbourg. pp. 171–194. doi:10.1515/9783110551631-012. ISBN 978-3-11-055163-1. OCLC 1090073918. S2CID 188011979.
  18. ^ Shavit, Zohar (2020). "Cultural translation and the recruitment of translated texts to induce social change: The case of the Hasakalah". In Van Coillie, Jan; McMartin, Jack (eds.). Children's Literature in Translation: Texts and Contexts. Leuven: Leuven University Press. pp. 73–92. ISBN 978-94-6270-222-6.
  19. ^ Ben-Ze'ev, Judah Leib (1873). Месилатъ галимудъ, или Руководство къ начальному изученію еврейскаго языка (in Russian). Translated by Paperna, Abraham Jacob. Warsaw: Defus Aleksander Ginz. OCLC 236175956.
  20. ^ Meyer, Joseph, ed. (1845). "Ben-Sev". Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (in German). Vol. 4. Hildburghausen: Bibliographisches Institut. p. 396.
  21. ^ a b Breuer, Edward (1996). "(Re)creating Traditions of Language and Texts: The Haskalah and Cultural Continuity". Modern Judaism. 16 (2): 161–183. doi:10.1093/mj/16.2.161. JSTOR 1396453. S2CID 143488909.
  22. ^ Brettler, Marc Zvi; Breuer, Edward (2015). "Jewish readings of the Bible". In Riches, John (ed.). The New Cambridge History of the Bible. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 294. ISBN 978-0-521-85823-6.
  23. ^ Shavit, Yaacov; Eran, Mordechai (2008). "Wellhausen and his School: The Jewish Response to Higher Criticism". The Hebrew Bible Reborn: From Holy Scripture to the Book of Books. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 115. ISBN 978-3-11-019141-7. ISSN 0585-5306.
  24. ^ a b Ben-Yishai, Aharon Zeev (2007). "Parody, Hebrew". In Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred (eds.). Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4.
  25. ^ a b Gabbay, Nati (26 March 2017). "למבוגרים בלבד: סיפורו של שיר הסקס מהמאה ה-18" [For Adults Only: The Story of the 18th Century Erotic Poem]. The Librarians. National Library of Israel. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  26. ^ Lowin, Shari L. (2014). Arabic and Hebrew Love Poems in Al-Andalus. Culture and Civilization in the Middle East. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-135-13153-1.
  27. ^ Eshed, Eli (24 August 2020). "האירוטיקה הראשונה בעברית: "שיר עגבים" ומחברו יהודה לייב בן זאב" [The First Hebrew Erotica: Shir Agavim and Its Author Yehuda Leib Ben Ze'ev]. Ha-multi yekum shel Eli Eshed (in Hebrew).
  28. ^ Biale, David (1997). Eros and the Jews: From Biblical Israel to Contemporary America. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-520-21134-6.
  29. ^ Heller, Marvin J. (2018). Printing the Talmud: Complete Editions, Tractates, and Other Works and the Associated Presses from the Mid-17th Century through the 18th Century. Brill's Series in Jewish Studies. Vol. 62. Leiden: Brill. pp. 201–205. doi:10.1163/9789004376731. ISBN 978-90-04-37673-1. S2CID 165728742.
  30. ^ Braun, Ḥananya Yom-Tov Lipa (1943). Toldos anshe shem (in Hebrew). Marghita: Tzvi Moskovitz. p. 36.
  31. ^ Pollack, Yosef Shimon, ed. (1928). Bais va'ad la-ḥakhamim (in Hebrew). Satmar: Jacob Wider. p. 15.
  32. ^ Tefilinski, Ya'akov Shlomo (2002). Sefer imre sefer: leket amarim ve-sipurim al sefarim (in Hebrew). Jerusalem. pp. 499–500. OCLC 56345331.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  33. ^ Malakhi, A. R. (16 March 1962). "מעוז צור – פארודיה בלתי ידועה לפורים". Herut (in Hebrew). p. 6.

January 01, 1970
judah, leib, hebrew, הו, יב, german, juda, löb, bensew, august, 1764, march, 1811, galician, jewish, philologist, lexicographer, biblical, scholar, member, assefim, group, hebrew, writers, forceful, proponent, revitalizing, hebrew, language, born, 1764, august. Judah Leib Ben Ze ev Hebrew י הו ד ה ל יב ב ן ז א ב German Juda Lob Bensew 18 August 1764 12 March 1811 was a Galician Jewish philologist lexicographer and Biblical scholar He was a member of the Me assefim group of Hebrew writers 3 4 and a forceful proponent of revitalizing the Hebrew language 5 Judah Leib Ben Ze evBorn 1764 08 18 18 August 1764 1 Lelov Krakow Voivodeship Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth 2 Died12 March 1811 1811 03 12 aged 46 Vienna Austrian EmpirePen nameY L K Yehuda Leib KrakowLanguageHebrewLiterary movementHaskalah Contents 1 Biography 2 Work 2 1 Prose 2 2 Poetry 3 Criticism 4 Partial bibliography 5 External links 6 ReferencesBiography editJudah Leib Ben Ze ev was born in the Galician town of Lelov and received a traditional Jewish education 6 He was married off at the age of 13 and settled in the home of his wife s parents in Krakow 7 where he spent his days studying Talmud and his nights in clandestinely acquiring the knowledge of Hebrew philology and of secular subjects 8 In 1787 he moved to Berlin then the centre of the Haskalah movement 9 There he supported himself by teaching Hebrew and began publishing poems and parables in the Hebrew press 10 Ben Ze ev became friends with the Me assefim and contributed to their journal poems and fables signed Y L K Yehuda Leib Krakow 2 In 1790 Ben Ze ev took up residence in Breslau where he wrote and published his Hebrew grammar Talmud lashon ʻIvri in 1796 Two years later he published his Hebrew translation from Syriac of the apocryphal Book of Sirach called by Franz Delitzsch a masterpiece of imitation of Biblical gnomic style 11 followed by a translation from Greek of the Book of Judith 12 Ben Ze ev returned from Breslau to Krakow and in 1799 formally divorced his wife with whom he had one daughter 1 He settled in Vienna as proofreader in the Hebrew presses of Joseph Hraszansky and Anton Edler von Schmid and remained there till his death 10 Work edit nbsp Title page of Ben Ze ev s Talmud lashon ʻIvri Prose edit Ben Ze ev is considered the first to systematize in the Hebrew language itself Hebrew grammar to arrange it methodically and to introduce logic syntax and prosody as part of grammatical studies 13 His grammar Talmud lashon ʻIvri served as the main source for the study of Hebrew in Eastern Europe for a hundred years 9 The work is divided into five parts each prefaced with a poem in praise of the Hebrew language and includes a ma amar on the difference between thought and speech 14 It was republished with additions annotations and commentaries no less than twenty times 15 Most notable is the Vilna edition of 1874 with the commentary Yitron le Adam by Avraham Ber Lebensohn The first part of a German revision of his Talmud by Salomon Jacob Cohen appeared in Berlin in 1802 and three parts in Dessau in 1807 13 His second most popular work was the Otzar ha shorashim a lexicon of Hebrew roots and Hebrew German dictionary inspired by the work of David Kimḥi 9 16 First published in Vienna between 1806 and 1808 the book went through six editions up to 1880 17 Ben Ze ev s Mesillat ha limmud a grammatical work for school age children 18 was translated into Italian by Leon Romani Vienna 1825 and into Russian by Abraham Jacob Paperna Warsaw 1871 19 Ben Ze ev released new editions and commentaries to the Saadia Gaon s Sefer ha emunot ve ha de ot Berlin 1789 and Yedidya ha Penini s Beḥinat ha Olam 1789 20 21 His last major work was Mavo el mikraʼe kodesh Vienna 1810 an anthology of historical critical introductions to each of the books of the Prophets and Hagiographa 17 The Mavo adopts some of the critical theories of Johann Gottfried Eichhorn 22 23 Poetry edit Ben Ze ev was the author of Melitzah le Purim a collection of mock prayers and seliḥot for Purim which was often published with Kalonymus ben Kalonymus celebrated Talmudical parody Masekhet Purim 24 In 1810 he released a poem in honour of the marriage of Napoleon and Marie Louise Duchess of Parma 25 Ben Ze ev also composed the earliest known Hebrew erotic poems in the modern era 26 27 which circulated widely in manuscript form but were not published until the 20th century 21 These include Shir agavim published by Getzel Kressel in 1977 25 28 and Derekh gever be almah a description of sexual intercourse using combinations of fractions of biblical verses 24 Criticism editWhile well regarded in Maskilic circles Ben Ze ev was the subject of bitter denunciation from many traditionalists because of his heterodox Enlightenment activities 29 Rumours circulated of the writer having died on the toilet as divine punishment for editing the Talmud lashon ʻIvri on the Sabbath 30 31 32 Partial bibliography editTalmud lashon ʻIvri kolel yesodot dikduk ha lashon Study of the Hebrew Language in Hebrew Vienna Anton Schmid 1805 1796 Ḥokhmat Yehoshua ben Sira neʻetak li leshon ʻIvri ve Ashkenazi u meturgam Aramit The Wisdom of Joshua ben Sira 880 03Ben sira in Hebrew and Yiddish Breslau 1798 Beit ha sefer mesillat ha limmud The School 880 04Limude ha mesharim in Hebrew Vol 1 Vienna Anton Schmid 1816 1802 Megilat Yehudit ve hu maʻase Yehudit im Oloferni The Book of Judith in Hebrew and Yiddish Vienna Anton Schmid 1819 1799 Otzar ha shorashim kolel shorashe ha lashon ha ʻIvrit Treasure of Roots in Hebrew Vol 1 3 Vienna Anton Schmid 1807 Mavo el mikraʼe kodesh Introduction of the Holy Scriptures in Hebrew Vienna Anton Schmid 1810 Yesode ha dat kolel ʻikkre ha emunah The Foundations of Religion Including the Tenets of Faith in Hebrew Vienna Anton Schmid 1811 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Judah Leib Ben Zeev Ma oz Tzur le Purim Ma oz Tzur for Purim attributed to Judah Leib Ben Ze ev 33 References edit nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Ginzberg Louis Wiernik Peter 1902 Judah Lob Ben Ze eb In Singer Isidore et al eds The Jewish Encyclopedia Vol 2 New York Funk amp Wagnalls p 681 682 a b Wurzbach Constantin von ed 1856 Bensef Juda Lob Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire in German Vol 1 pp 281 282 via Wikisource a b Zinberg Israel 1976 The Berlin Haskalah A History of Jewish Literature Translated by Martin Bernard Cincinnati Hebrew Union College Press pp 182 185 ISBN 978 0 87068 477 7 Pelli Moshe 2001 Dor ha Meʼasfim be shaḥar ha Haskalah in Hebrew Bnei Brak Hotsaʼat ha kibbutz ha meʼuḥad ISBN 978 965 02 0148 7 OCLC 48715696 Pelli Moshe 2005 קיום הלשון בקיום אומתה פריודיזציה בתפיסת השפה והספרות של סופר ההשכלה יהודה ליב בן זאב PDF Leshonenu La am in Hebrew 54 4 170 178 ISSN 0024 1091 Rabinowitz Dan 2019 The Lost Library The Legacy of Vilna s Strashun Library in the Aftermath of the Holocaust The Tauber Institute Series for the Study of European Jewry Waltham Brandeis University Press p 33 ISBN 978 1 5126 0310 1 OCLC 1113857577 Ersch J S Gruber J G eds 1822 Ben Sew Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in German Vol 9 Leipzig Johan Friedrich Gleditsch p 42 Klausner Joseph Historyah shel ha sifrut ha ʻIvrit ha ḥadashah History of Modern Hebrew Literature in Hebrew Jerusalem Hebrew University Press p 157 OCLC 774488646 Kaddari Menachem Zevi 2007 Ben Ze ev Judah Leib In Berenbaum Michael Skolnik Fred eds Encyclopaedia Judaica 2nd ed Detroit Macmillan Reference ISBN 978 0 02 866097 4 a b c Kaddari Menachem Zevi Judah Leib Ben Ze ev Jewish Virtual Library American Israeli Cooperative Enterprise Retrieved 8 November 2020 a b Brisman Shimeon 2000 A History and Guide to Judaic Dictionaries and Concordances Jewish Research Literature Vol 3 KTAV Publishing House pp 74 75 ISBN 978 0 88125 658 1 Delitzsch Franz 1836 Zur Geschichte der judischen Poesie vom Abschluss der heiligen Schriften Alten Bundes bis auf die neueste Zeit in German Leipzig Tauchnitz p 110 Archived from the original on 28 November 2020 Saebo Magne ed 1996 Hebrew Bible Old Testament The History of Its Interpretation Vol II Vandenhoeck amp Ruprecht pp 1021 1022 ISBN 978 3 525 53982 8 a b nbsp Ginzberg Louis Wiernik Peter 1902 Judah Lob Ben Ze eb In Singer Isidore et al eds The Jewish Encyclopedia Vol 2 New York Funk amp Wagnalls p 681 682 Zwiep Irene E 2002 Imagined Speech Communities Western Ashkenazi Multilingualism as Reflected in Eighteenth Century Grammars of Hebrew Studia Rosenthaliana 36 77 117 doi 10 2143 SR 36 0 504917 JSTOR 41482644 Pelli Moshe 2010 Haskalah and Beyond The Reception of the Hebrew Enlightenment and the Emergence of Haskalah Judaism University Press of America ISBN 978 0 7618 5204 9 Schatz Andrea 2007 Peoples Pure of Speech The Religious the Secular and Jewish Beginnings of Modernity In Ruderman David B Feiner Shmuel eds Early Modern Culture and Haskalah Reconsidering the Borderlines of Modern Jewish History Simon Dubnow Institute Yearbook Vol VI Vandenhoeck amp Ruprecht pp 169 187 ISBN 978 3 525 36933 3 a b Bezzel Hannes Hecht Louise Schorch Grit 2019 Die Anfange moderner Bibelwissenschaft in der Wiener Haskala In Vorpahl Daniel Kahler Sophia Tzoref Shani eds Deutsch judische Bibelwissenschaft Historische exegetische und theologische Perspektiven German Jewish Bible Scholarship Historical Exegetical and Theological Perspectives in German Berlin De Gruyter Oldenbourg pp 171 194 doi 10 1515 9783110551631 012 ISBN 978 3 11 055163 1 OCLC 1090073918 S2CID 188011979 Shavit Zohar 2020 Cultural translation and the recruitment of translated texts to induce social change The case of the Hasakalah In Van Coillie Jan McMartin Jack eds Children s Literature in Translation Texts and Contexts Leuven Leuven University Press pp 73 92 ISBN 978 94 6270 222 6 Ben Ze ev Judah Leib 1873 Mesilat galimud ili Rukovodstvo k nachalnomu izucheniyu evrejskago yazyka in Russian Translated by Paperna Abraham Jacob Warsaw Defus Aleksander Ginz OCLC 236175956 Meyer Joseph ed 1845 Ben Sev Meyers Konversations Lexikon in German Vol 4 Hildburghausen Bibliographisches Institut p 396 a b Breuer Edward 1996 Re creating Traditions of Language and Texts The Haskalah and Cultural Continuity Modern Judaism 16 2 161 183 doi 10 1093 mj 16 2 161 JSTOR 1396453 S2CID 143488909 Brettler Marc Zvi Breuer Edward 2015 Jewish readings of the Bible In Riches John ed The New Cambridge History of the Bible Vol 4 Cambridge University Press p 294 ISBN 978 0 521 85823 6 Shavit Yaacov Eran Mordechai 2008 Wellhausen and his School The Jewish Response to Higher Criticism The Hebrew Bible Reborn From Holy Scripture to the Book of Books Berlin De Gruyter p 115 ISBN 978 3 11 019141 7 ISSN 0585 5306 a b Ben Yishai Aharon Zeev 2007 Parody Hebrew In Berenbaum Michael Skolnik Fred eds Encyclopaedia Judaica 2nd ed Detroit Macmillan Reference ISBN 978 0 02 866097 4 a b Gabbay Nati 26 March 2017 למבוגרים בלבד סיפורו של שיר הסקס מהמאה ה 18 For Adults Only The Story of the 18th Century Erotic Poem The Librarians National Library of Israel Retrieved 8 November 2020 Lowin Shari L 2014 Arabic and Hebrew Love Poems in Al Andalus Culture and Civilization in the Middle East Abingdon Routledge p 37 ISBN 978 1 135 13153 1 Eshed Eli 24 August 2020 האירוטיקה הראשונה בעברית שיר עגבים ומחברו יהודה לייב בן זאב The First Hebrew Erotica Shir Agavim and Its Author Yehuda Leib Ben Ze ev Ha multi yekum shel Eli Eshed in Hebrew Biale David 1997 Eros and the Jews From Biblical Israel to Contemporary America Berkeley University of California Press p 280 ISBN 978 0 520 21134 6 Heller Marvin J 2018 Printing the Talmud Complete Editions Tractates and Other Works and the Associated Presses from the Mid 17th Century through the 18th Century Brill s Series in Jewish Studies Vol 62 Leiden Brill pp 201 205 doi 10 1163 9789004376731 ISBN 978 90 04 37673 1 S2CID 165728742 Braun Ḥananya Yom Tov Lipa 1943 Toldos anshe shem in Hebrew Marghita Tzvi Moskovitz p 36 Pollack Yosef Shimon ed 1928 Bais va ad la ḥakhamim in Hebrew Satmar Jacob Wider p 15 Tefilinski Ya akov Shlomo 2002 Sefer imre sefer leket amarim ve sipurim al sefarim in Hebrew Jerusalem pp 499 500 OCLC 56345331 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Malakhi A R 16 March 1962 מעוז צור פארודיה בלתי ידועה לפורים Herut in Hebrew p 6 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Judah Leib Ben Ze 27ev amp oldid 1183620079, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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