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Jewish apocrypha

February 15, 2024

The Jewish apocrypha (Hebrew: הספרים החיצוניים, romanized: HaSefarim haChitzoniyim, lit. 'the outer books') are religious texts written in large part by Jews, especially during the Second Temple period, not accepted as sacred manuscripts when the Hebrew Bible was canonized. Some of these books are considered sacred in certain Christian denominations and are included in their versions of the Old Testament. The Jewish apocrypha is distinctive from the New Testament apocrypha and Christian biblical apocrypha as it is the only one of these collections which works within a Jewish theological framework.[1]

Apocrypha in Judaism edit

Certain sects of Second Temple Judaism, such as the Essenes in Judaea and the Therapeutae in Alexandria, were said to have a "secret or hidden" literature.[citation needed] The Pharisees were familiar with these texts. The Apocalyptic literature is an example of this secret literature. Based on unfulfilled prophecies, these books were not considered scripture, but rather part of a literary form that flourished from 200 BCE to 100 CE. These works usually bore the names of ancient Hebrew worthies to establish their validity among the true writers' contemporaries.

2 Esdras reinforces this theory: when Ezra was inspired to dictate the sacred scriptures that were destroyed in the overthrow of Jerusalem,

So during the forty days ninety-four books were written. And when the forty days were ended, the Most High spoke to me, saying, "Make public the twenty-four books that you wrote first and let the worthy and the unworthy read them; but keep the seventy that were written last, in order to give them to the wise among your people. For in them is the spring of understanding, the fountain of wisdom, and the river of knowledge."

— RSV 14:44–47

Writings that were wholly apart from scriptural texts were designated as Hitsonim (literally: external) by the Sanhedrin[when?] and reading them was forbidden.[citation needed] In the following centuries, these apocrypha fell out of use in Judaism.[2][3][4]

Books edit

References edit

  1. ^ "APOCRYPHA - JewishEncyclopedia.com". www.jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  2. ^ "Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha". My Jewish Learning. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  3. ^ "The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  4. ^ "Apocrypha". www.thejc.com. Retrieved 2020-06-13.

February 15, 2024
jewish, apocrypha, hebrew, הספרים, החיצוניים, romanized, hasefarim, hachitzoniyim, outer, books, religious, texts, written, large, part, jews, especially, during, second, temple, period, accepted, sacred, manuscripts, when, hebrew, bible, canonized, some, thes. The Jewish apocrypha Hebrew הספרים החיצוניים romanized HaSefarim haChitzoniyim lit the outer books are religious texts written in large part by Jews especially during the Second Temple period not accepted as sacred manuscripts when the Hebrew Bible was canonized Some of these books are considered sacred in certain Christian denominations and are included in their versions of the Old Testament The Jewish apocrypha is distinctive from the New Testament apocrypha and Christian biblical apocrypha as it is the only one of these collections which works within a Jewish theological framework 1 Apocrypha in Judaism editCertain sects of Second Temple Judaism such as the Essenes in Judaea and the Therapeutae in Alexandria were said to have a secret or hidden literature citation needed The Pharisees were familiar with these texts The Apocalyptic literature is an example of this secret literature Based on unfulfilled prophecies these books were not considered scripture but rather part of a literary form that flourished from 200 BCE to 100 CE These works usually bore the names of ancient Hebrew worthies to establish their validity among the true writers contemporaries 2 Esdras reinforces this theory when Ezra was inspired to dictate the sacred scriptures that were destroyed in the overthrow of Jerusalem So during the forty days ninety four books were written And when the forty days were ended the Most High spoke to me saying Make public the twenty four books that you wrote first and let the worthy and the unworthy read them but keep the seventy that were written last in order to give them to the wise among your people For in them is the spring of understanding the fountain of wisdom and the river of knowledge RSV 14 44 47 Writings that were wholly apart from scriptural texts were designated as Hitsonim literally external by the Sanhedrin when and reading them was forbidden citation needed In the following centuries these apocrypha fell out of use in Judaism 2 3 4 Books edit1 Baruch ספר ברוך 2 Baruch חזון ברוך א 3 Baruch חזון ברוך ב 1 Enoch ספר חנוך א 2 Enoch ספר חנוך ב 3 Enoch ספר חנוך ג 1 Esdras עזרא החיצוני 2 Esdras חזון עזרא 1 Maccabees ספר מכבים א 2 Maccabees ספר מכבים ב 3 Maccabees ספר מכבים ג 4 Maccabees ספר מכבים ד Additions to the Book of Esther תוספות למגילת אסתר Additions to Daniel תוספות לספר דניאל Apocalypse of Abraham חזון אחרית הימים של אברהם Apocryphon of Jannes and Jambres Ascension of Isaiah עליית ישעיהו Assumption of Moses עליית משה Book of Gad the Seer דברי גד החוזה Book of Jubilees ספר היובלים Book of Judith ספר יהודית Book of Tobit ספר טוביה Book of Wisdom חכמת שלמה Genesis Apocryphon מגילה חיצונית לבראשית History of the Captivity in Babylon Joseph and Aseneth יוסף ואסנת Letter of Aristeas איגרת אריסטיאס Letter of Jeremiah איגרת ירמיהו Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum קדמוניות המקרא Life of Adam and Eve ספר אדם וחוה Prayer of Manasseh תפילת מנשה Psalm 151 מזמור קנ א Psalms 152 155 מזמורי קנ ב קנ ה Psalms of Solomon מזמורי שלמה Sibylline Oracles חזיונות הסיבילות Sirach בן סירא Testament of Abraham צוואת אברהם Testament of Job דברי איוב Testament of Qahat צוואת קהת Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs צוואות השבטים Visions of Amram חזון עמרם References edit APOCRYPHA JewishEncyclopedia com www jewishencyclopedia com Retrieved 2020 06 12 Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha My Jewish Learning Retrieved 2020 06 13 The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha www jewishvirtuallibrary org Retrieved 2020 06 13 Apocrypha www thejc com Retrieved 2020 06 13 nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Singer Isidore et al eds 1901 1906 Apocrypha The Jewish Encyclopedia New York Funk amp Wagnalls Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jewish apocrypha amp oldid 1202606102, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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