John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll (6 August 1845 – 2 May 1914), usually better known by the courtesy titleMarquess of Lorne, by which he was known between 1847 and 1900, was a British nobleman who was Governor General of Canada from 1878 to 1883. He was the husband of Princess Louise, fourth daughter of Queen Victoria. He was the first president of "Rangers Football Club", thanks to his Argyll ties to the original founders of the football club.
For ten years before coming to Canada, Lorne travelled throughout North and Central America, writing travel literature and poetry.[2] In the UK, he represented, from 1868, the constituency of Argyllshire as a Liberal Member of Parliament in the House of Commons. He made little impression there, however; the London World referred to Lorne as "a non-entity in the House of Commons, and a non-entity without."[2]A.C. Benson, who edited Queen Victoria's letters and spent time in the company of the royals, gave him the same epithet.[3]
Lord Lorne married Queen Victoria's fourth daughter, Princess Louise, on 21 March 1871. This was the first time a legitimate daughter of the sovereign had married a subject of the Crown since 1515, when Charles Brandon, the first Duke of Suffolk, married Mary Tudor.[6] The pair shared a common love of the arts, but the marriage was childless and unhappy, and they spent much time apart. Lorne formed close friendships with men, including Lord Ronald Gower, Morton Fullerton and the Count de Mauny, who were known to be homosexual or bisexual, which fuelled rumours in London society that he shared their predisposition. No conclusive evidence has been found to settle this issue either way.[7][2][8]
Governor General of Canada
Princess Louise and Lorne engagement
When Lord Lorne's appointment was announced, there was great excitement throughout Canada. For the first time, Rideau Hall would have a royal resident. The Canadian Prime Minister relaxed his busy campaign schedule to prepare for her arrival and to organise a special carriage and corps of guards to protect the Princess. An author wrote in 1880 that "the appointment was hailed with satisfaction in all parts of the Dominion, and the new Governor General entered upon his term of office with the hearts of the people strongly prepossessed [sic] in his favour."[9]
However, Campbell and his wife were initially not received well by the Canadian press, which complained about the imposition of royalty on the country's hitherto un-regal society, a position that was only exasperated by mishaps and misunderstandings. The worries of a rigid court at the Queen's Canadian residence turned out to be unfounded;[10] the couple were more relaxed than their predecessors, as demonstrated at the many ice skating and tobogganing parties, balls, dinners, and other state occasions hosted by the Marquess and Marchioness.[11]
At age 33, Lord Lorne was Canada's youngest governor general and he became the first representative of Queen Victoria to have been born during the latter's reign but he was not too young to handle the marginal demands of his post. He and Princess Louise made many lasting contributions to Canadian society, especially in the arts and sciences. They encouraged the establishment of the Royal Society of Canada, the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, and the National Gallery of Canada, even selecting some of its first paintings. Campbell was involved in the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway and other projects, such as a hospital for British Columbia.[2]
Throughout his term of office, Lorne was intensely interested in Canada and Canadians. He travelled throughout the country, encouraging the establishment of numerous institutions, and met with First Nations and other Canadians from all walks of life. At Rideau Hall, he and Princess Louise hosted many social functions, including numerous ice skating and tobogganing parties as well as balls, dinners and state occasions. His small collection of First Nations artefacts was purchased by the British Museum in 1887.[12]
After Canada
Princess Louise returned to England in 1881 and Lord Lorne followed two years later in 1883, when his book, Memories of Canada and Scotland, was published.[13]
In 1907, strenuous efforts were taken by officials to ensure that Lorne's name was not dragged into the investigation of the theft of the Irish Crown Jewels. This was due to the fact that his closest friend was Lord Ronald Gower, who while innocent, was associated with several of the homosexual circle who were involved in it.[14][15]
Lorne was Governor and Constable of Windsor Castle from 1892 to 1914 and he sat as MP for Manchester South from 1895 until the death of his father on 24 April 1900, when he succeeded as 9th and 2nd Duke of Argyll. He and Princess Louise lived at Kensington Palace until his death from pneumonia in 1914. He is buried at Kilmun Parish Church.
Rowse, A.L. (1977). Homosexuals in History. New York: Macmillan.
Sandwell, R.W. (2006). "Dreaming of the Princess: Love, Subversion, and the Rituals of Empire in British Columbia, 1882". In Coates, Colin MacMillan (ed.). Majesty in Canada: Essays on the Role of Royalty. Toronto: Dundurn Press Ltd. p. 47. ISBN978-1-55002-586-6. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
Stocker, M. "Louise, Princess, duchess of Argyll (1848–1939)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34601. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll.
Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Duke of Argyll
Waite, P.B. (1998). "Campbell, John George Henry Douglas Sutherland, Marquess of Lorne and 9th Duke of Argyll". In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
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For other people with the same name see John Campbell disambiguation and Duke of Argyll John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell 9th Duke of Argyll 6 August 1845 2 May 1914 usually better known by the courtesy title Marquess of Lorne by which he was known between 1847 and 1900 was a British nobleman who was Governor General of Canada from 1878 to 1883 He was the husband of Princess Louise fourth daughter of Queen Victoria He was the first president of Rangers Football Club thanks to his Argyll ties to the original founders of the football club His GraceThe Duke of ArgyllKG KT GCMG GCVO VD PC4th Governor General of CanadaIn office 25 November 1878 23 October 1883MonarchVictoriaPrime MinisterCanadian Sir John A Macdonald British The Earl of BeaconsfieldWilliam Ewart GladstonePreceded byThe Earl of DufferinSucceeded byThe Marquess of LansdownePersonal detailsBorn6 August 1845 1845 08 06 London United KingdomDied2 May 1914 1914 05 02 aged 68 Cowes United KingdomResting placeKilmun Parish ChurchPolitical partyLiberalLiberal UnionistSpousePrincess Louise of the United Kingdom m 1871 wbr ParentsGeorge Campbell 8th Duke of ArgyllLady Elizabeth Sutherland Leveson GowerAlma materUniversity of St AndrewsTrinity College Cambridge Contents 1 Background and career 2 Governor General of Canada 3 After Canada 4 Honours 4 1 Orders and decorations 4 2 Civil and military appointments 4 3 Places named after him 4 4 Organizations named after him 5 Ancestors 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksBackground and career EditCampbell was born in London the eldest son of George Marquess of Lorne and the former Lady Elizabeth Sutherland Leveson Gower daughter of the 2nd Duke of Sutherland and was styled Earl of Campbell from birth In 1847 when he was 21 months old his father succeeded as 8th Duke of Argyll and he assumed the courtesy title Marquess of Lorne which he bore until he was 54 He was educated at Edinburgh Academy Eton College St Andrews and at Trinity College Cambridge 1 as well as at the National Art Training School 2 For ten years before coming to Canada Lorne travelled throughout North and Central America writing travel literature and poetry 2 In the UK he represented from 1868 the constituency of Argyllshire as a Liberal Member of Parliament in the House of Commons He made little impression there however the London World referred to Lorne as a non entity in the House of Commons and a non entity without 2 A C Benson who edited Queen Victoria s letters and spent time in the company of the royals gave him the same epithet 3 He was appointed Lieutenant Colonel Commandant of the part time 1st Argyll and Bute Artillery Volunteers on 13 July 1866 He gave up the position in the 1880s but was appointed the unit s Honorary Colonel on 18 July 1900 4 5 Lord Lorne married Queen Victoria s fourth daughter Princess Louise on 21 March 1871 This was the first time a legitimate daughter of the sovereign had married a subject of the Crown since 1515 when Charles Brandon the first Duke of Suffolk married Mary Tudor 6 The pair shared a common love of the arts but the marriage was childless and unhappy and they spent much time apart Lorne formed close friendships with men including Lord Ronald Gower Morton Fullerton and the Count de Mauny who were known to be homosexual or bisexual which fuelled rumours in London society that he shared their predisposition No conclusive evidence has been found to settle this issue either way 7 2 8 Governor General of Canada Edit Princess Louise and Lorne engagement When Lord Lorne s appointment was announced there was great excitement throughout Canada For the first time Rideau Hall would have a royal resident The Canadian Prime Minister relaxed his busy campaign schedule to prepare for her arrival and to organise a special carriage and corps of guards to protect the Princess An author wrote in 1880 that the appointment was hailed with satisfaction in all parts of the Dominion and the new Governor General entered upon his term of office with the hearts of the people strongly prepossessed sic in his favour 9 However Campbell and his wife were initially not received well by the Canadian press which complained about the imposition of royalty on the country s hitherto un regal society a position that was only exasperated by mishaps and misunderstandings The worries of a rigid court at the Queen s Canadian residence turned out to be unfounded 10 the couple were more relaxed than their predecessors as demonstrated at the many ice skating and tobogganing parties balls dinners and other state occasions hosted by the Marquess and Marchioness 11 At age 33 Lord Lorne was Canada s youngest governor general and he became the first representative of Queen Victoria to have been born during the latter s reign but he was not too young to handle the marginal demands of his post He and Princess Louise made many lasting contributions to Canadian society especially in the arts and sciences They encouraged the establishment of the Royal Society of Canada the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts and the National Gallery of Canada even selecting some of its first paintings Campbell was involved in the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway and other projects such as a hospital for British Columbia 2 Mi kmaq Grand Chief Jacques Pierre Peminuit Paul 3rd from left with beard meets Governor General of Canada Lord Lorne Red Chamber Province House Halifax Nova Scotia 1879 Throughout his term of office Lorne was intensely interested in Canada and Canadians He travelled throughout the country encouraging the establishment of numerous institutions and met with First Nations and other Canadians from all walks of life At Rideau Hall he and Princess Louise hosted many social functions including numerous ice skating and tobogganing parties as well as balls dinners and state occasions His small collection of First Nations artefacts was purchased by the British Museum in 1887 12 After Canada EditPrincess Louise returned to England in 1881 and Lord Lorne followed two years later in 1883 when his book Memories of Canada and Scotland was published 13 In 1907 strenuous efforts were taken by officials to ensure that Lorne s name was not dragged into the investigation of the theft of the Irish Crown Jewels This was due to the fact that his closest friend was Lord Ronald Gower who while innocent was associated with several of the homosexual circle who were involved in it 14 15 Lorne was Governor and Constable of Windsor Castle from 1892 to 1914 and he sat as MP for Manchester South from 1895 until the death of his father on 24 April 1900 when he succeeded as 9th and 2nd Duke of Argyll He and Princess Louise lived at Kensington Palace until his death from pneumonia in 1914 He is buried at Kilmun Parish Church Honours EditOrders and decorations Edit KG Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter 1911 KT Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle 1871 GCMG Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George 14 September 1878 GCVO Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order 2 February 1901 16 Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav with Collar 13 November 1906 17 Civil and military appointments Edit PC Sworn in as a member of Her Majesty s Most Honourable Privy Council 17 March 1875 18 LL D honorary University of Cambridge May 1902 Honorary Colonel of the 1st Argyll and Bute Artillery Volunteers 18 July 1900 4 5 Honorary Colonel of the 5th Volunteer Battalion Princess Louise s Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders 20 September 1902 19 Places named after him Edit This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources John Campbell 9th Duke of Argyll news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Lorne Building Ottawa Ontario Canada 20 Port Lorne Nova Scotia Canada Lorne Nova Scotia Municipality of Lorne Manitoba Canada West Elgin Ontario Canada Lorne Victoria Australia Lorne Street Oswestry Shropshire UK Lorne Avenue Ottawa Ontario Canada Lorne Avenue Trenton Ontario Canada Lorne Street Montreal Quebec Canada 21 Lorne Street Sudbury Ontario Canada 22 Marquis of Lorne Trail section of Highway 22X Calgary Alberta Canada Lorne Park and Lorne Park Estates in Mississauga Ontario 23 by Sarah Jane Earls descendant of Sir John Mourach second Marquis of Lorne Rural Municipality of Argyle Manitoba Canada 24 Lorne New BrunswickOrganizations named after him Edit The Lorne Scots Peel Dufferin and Halton Regiment infantry regiment of the Canadian Army Ancestors EditAncestors of John Campbell 9th Duke of Argyll8 John Campbell 5th Duke of Argyll4 John Campbell 7th Duke of Argyll9 Elizabeth Gunning 1st Baroness Hamilton of Hameldon2 George Campbell 8th Duke of Argyll10 John Glassell of Longniddry5 Joan Glassel11 Helen Buchan1 John Campbell 9th Duke of Argyll12 George Leveson Gower 1st Duke of Sutherland6 George Sutherland Leveson Gower 2nd Duke of Sutherland13 Elizabeth Gordon 19th Countess of Sutherland3 Lady Elizabeth Sutherland Leveson Gower14 George Howard 6th Earl of Carlisle7 Lady Harriet Howard15 Lady Georgiana CavendishNotes Edit Campbell John Douglas Sutherland Marquess of Lorne CMBL863JD A Cambridge Alumni Database University of Cambridge a b c d e Sandwell 2006 p 47 Ward Yvonne 2013 Unsuitable for Publication Editing Queen Victoria p chapter 3 It s Very Remarkable a b Maj Gen James Grierson Records of the Scottish Volunteer Force 1859 1908 Edinburgh Blackwood 1909 a b Army List Stocker 2004 Louise Princess duchess of Argyll Packard Jerrold Victoria s Daughters St Martin s Griffin NY 1998 pp 203 205 Rowse 1977 p 157 Sandwell 2006 p 48 Longford 1991 p 45 Hubbard 1977 p 125 Collection search British Museum 20 March 2015 Retrieved 28 April 2016 The Marquis of Lorne 1883 Memories of Canada and Scotland London UK Sampson Low Marston Searle amp Riverton Cafferky John Hannafin Kevin Scandal and Betrayal Shackleton and the Irish Crown Jewels The Collins Press 2002 p 112 Trevelyan Raleigh Princes Under The Volcano William Morrow and Company 1973 p 338 No 27285 The London Gazette 15 February 1901 p 1145 Den kongelige norske Sanct Olavs Orden Norges Statskalender in Norwegian 1910 p 911 912 via hathitrust org No 24192 The London Gazette 19 March 1875 p 1685 No 27475 The London Gazette 19 September 1902 p 6025 Images of Centretown Lorne Building past present and future Centretown blogspot ca 17 October 2009 Retrieved 28 April 2016 Fiche descriptive www toponymie gouv qc ca Retrieved 29 January 2018 Police investigating Lorne Street store robbery Sudbury com 28 May 2018 Retrieved 31 May 2018 Lorne Park Heritage Mississauga Mississauga ON Mississsauga Heritage Foundation Manitoba Communities Argyle Rural Municipality www mhs mb ca Retrieved 23 February 2019 References EditCafferky John Hannafin Kevin 2003 Scandal amp Betrayal Shackleton and the Irish Crown Jewels Collins Press Hubbard R H 1977 Rideau Hall Montreal and London McGill Queen s University Press ISBN 978 0 7735 0310 6 Longford Elizabeth 1991 Darling Loosy Letters to Princess Louise 1856 1939 New York Little Brown amp Co ISBN 978 0 297 81179 4 Rowse A L 1977 Homosexuals in History New York Macmillan Sandwell R W 2006 Dreaming of the Princess Love Subversion and the Rituals of Empire in British Columbia 1882 In Coates Colin MacMillan ed Majesty in Canada Essays on the Role of Royalty Toronto Dundurn Press Ltd p 47 ISBN 978 1 55002 586 6 Retrieved 22 August 2011 Stocker M Louise Princess duchess of Argyll 1848 1939 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 34601 Subscription or UK public library membership required No 26353 The London Gazette 13 December 1892 p 7290 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Campbell 9th Duke of Argyll Hansard 1803 2005 contributions in Parliament by Duke of Argyll Waite P B 1998 Campbell John George Henry Douglas Sutherland Marquess of Lorne and 9th Duke of Argyll In Cook Ramsay Hamelin Jean eds Dictionary of Canadian Biography Vol XIV 1911 1920 online ed University of Toronto Press Website of the Governor General of Canada Works by John Campbell 9th Duke of Argyll at Project Gutenberg Works by John Campbell 9th Duke of Argyll at LibriVox public domain audiobooks Works by or about John Douglas Sutherland Campbell at Internet Archive Works by or about Duke of Argyll at Internet Archive Archival material relating to John Campbell 9th Duke of Argyll UK National Archives Photograph Marquis of Lorne Governor General of Canada in 1879 McCord MuseumParliament of the United KingdomPreceded byAlexander Finlay Member of Parliament for Argyllshire1868 1878 Succeeded byLord Colin CampbellPreceded bySir Henry Roscoe Member of Parliament for Manchester South1895 1900 Succeeded byHon William PeelGovernment officesPreceded byThe Earl of Dufferin Governor General of Canada1878 1883 Succeeded byThe Marquess of LansdowneHonorary titlesPreceded byPrince Victor of Hohenlohe Langenburg Governor of Windsor Castle1892 1914 Succeeded byThe Marquess of CambridgePreceded byThe Duke of Argyll Lord Lieutenant of Argyllshire1900 1914 Succeeded byThe Marquess of BreadalbanePeerage of ScotlandPreceded byGeorge Campbell Duke of Argyll1900 1914 Succeeded byNiall CampbellPeerage of the United KingdomPreceded byGeorge Campbell Duke of Argyll1900 1914 Succeeded byNiall Campbell Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title John Campbell 9th Duke of Argyll amp oldid 1143759991, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
