Sir Henry Enfield RoscoeKtFRS (7 January 1833 – 18 December 1915) was a British chemist. He is particularly noted for early work on vanadium, photochemical studies, and his assistance in creating Oxo (food), in its earlier liquid form.
Henry Enfield Roscoe was born in London, the son of Henry Roscoe (1800–1836) and Maria Roscoe, née Fletcher (1798–1885), and grandson of William Roscoe (1753–1831).[1]Stanley Jevons the Australian economist was a cousin.
Roscoe studied at the Liverpool Institute for Boys and University College London. He then went to Heidelberg to work under Robert Bunsen, who became a lifelong friend. He also befriended William Dittmar.[2] In 1857, Roscoe returned to England with Dittmar and was appointed to the chair of chemistry at Owens College, Manchester, with Dittmar as his assistant. In 1858 the state of the college was such that the Manchester Guardian called it "a mortifying failure". In the same year Roscoe was accosted by a tramp near the college who asked him if it was the night asylum; he wrote "I replied that it was not but if he would call again in six months' time he might find lodgings there."[3] Roscoe remained at the college until 1886 by which time the Victoria University had been established.[4] In 1881 he was a founder, and first president, of the Society of Chemical Industry and was also chair of the Manchester Section of the Society.[5] From 1885 to 1895 he was MP for Manchester South. He served on several royal commissions appointed to consider educational questions, in which he was keenly interested, and from 1896 to 1902 was vice-chancellor of the University of London. He was knighted in 1884.
Roscoe's scientific work includes a memorable series of researches carried out with Bunsen between 1855 and 1862, in which they laid the foundations of comparative photochemistry. In 1864 they carried out what is reputed to be the first flashlight photography, using magnesium as a light source.[6] In 1867, Roscoe began an elaborate investigation of vanadium and its compounds, and devised a process for preparing it pure in the metallic state, at the same time showing that the substance which had previously passed for the pure metal was contaminated with oxygen. In so doing he corrected Berzelius's value for the atomic mass. Roscoe was awarded the 1868 Bakerian Lecture for this work. He also carried out researches on niobium, tungsten, uranium, perchloric acid, and the solubility of ammonia.
He was the uncle of Beatrix Potter. The mineral Roscoelite was named after him, due to its vanadium content and Roscoe's work on that element.
Roscoe's publications include, besides several elementary books on chemistry that had a wide circulation and were translated into many foreign languages, Lectures on Spectrum Analysis (1869); a Treatise on Chemistry (the first edition of which appeared in 1877–1892); A New View of Dalton's Atomic Theory, with Dr Arthur Harden (1896); and an Autobiography (1906). The Treatise on Chemistry, written in collaboration with Carl Schorlemmer (1834–1892), who was appointed his private assistant at Manchester in 1859, official assistant in the laboratory in 1861, and professor of organic chemistry in 1874, was long regarded as a standard work. Roscoe's Lessons in Elementary Chemistry (1866) passed through many editions in the UK and abroad.
Selected works
Roscoe, Henry (1876). Chemistry. New York: Appleton. Henry Enfield Roscoe.
Roscoe, Henry (1878). Spectrum Analysis. London: Macmillan. Henry Enfield Roscoe.
Roscoe, Henry (1882). Kurzes Lehrbuch der Chemie. Braunsschweig: Vieweg.
Roscoe, Henry (1895). John Dalton and the Rise of Modern Chemistry. New York: Macmillan. p. 198. charles babbage.
Roscoe, Henry (1906). The Life and Experiences of Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe. London: Macmillan. The Life & Experiences of Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe.
The Roscoe Building at the University of Manchester was named after Professor Roscoe. It is a large general-purpose teaching facility used for various levels of teaching in Brunswick Street.[9]
References
^See the two-volume biography: Roscoe, Henry (1833). The Life of William Roscoe. Vol. 1. London: T. Cadell. and Roscoe, Henry (1833). The Life of William Roscoe. Vol. 2. London: T. Cadell.
^"Dittmar, William - Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com.
^Yates, Tim (1975) The University of Manchester. Victoria University of Manchester; p. 4
^Charlton, H. B. (1951) Portrait of a University: chap. IV College to University: the Roscoe-Ward Epoch. Manchester: University Press
^Manchester Faces & Places (Vol X, No 2 ed.). London & Manchester: JG Hammond & Co Ltd. November 1898. pp. 21–23.
Obituary (by Charles A. Keane, The Analyst, 1916, 41, 63 – 700)
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Roscoe, Sir Henry Enfield". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
henry, roscoe, chemist, henry, enfield, roscoe, january, 1833, december, 1915, british, chemist, particularly, noted, early, work, vanadium, photochemical, studies, assistance, creating, food, earlier, liquid, form, professor, right, honourable, sirhenry, enfi. Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe Kt FRS 7 January 1833 18 December 1915 was a British chemist He is particularly noted for early work on vanadium photochemical studies and his assistance in creating Oxo food in its earlier liquid form Professor the Right Honourable SirHenry Enfield RoscoeFRSBorn 1833 01 07 7 January 1833London EnglandDied18 December 1915 1915 12 18 aged 82 AwardsRoyal Medal 1873 Dalton Medal 1900 Elliott Cresson Medal 1912 Scientific careerFieldsChemistry Contents 1 Life and work 2 Publications 2 1 Selected works 3 Commemoration 4 References 5 External linksLife and work Edit Kirchhoff Bunsen and Roscoe 1862 Roscoe and Arthur Schuster Henry Enfield Roscoe was born in London the son of Henry Roscoe 1800 1836 and Maria Roscoe nee Fletcher 1798 1885 and grandson of William Roscoe 1753 1831 1 Stanley Jevons the Australian economist was a cousin Roscoe studied at the Liverpool Institute for Boys and University College London He then went to Heidelberg to work under Robert Bunsen who became a lifelong friend He also befriended William Dittmar 2 In 1857 Roscoe returned to England with Dittmar and was appointed to the chair of chemistry at Owens College Manchester with Dittmar as his assistant In 1858 the state of the college was such that the Manchester Guardian called it a mortifying failure In the same year Roscoe was accosted by a tramp near the college who asked him if it was the night asylum he wrote I replied that it was not but if he would call again in six months time he might find lodgings there 3 Roscoe remained at the college until 1886 by which time the Victoria University had been established 4 In 1881 he was a founder and first president of the Society of Chemical Industry and was also chair of the Manchester Section of the Society 5 From 1885 to 1895 he was MP for Manchester South He served on several royal commissions appointed to consider educational questions in which he was keenly interested and from 1896 to 1902 was vice chancellor of the University of London He was knighted in 1884 Roscoe s scientific work includes a memorable series of researches carried out with Bunsen between 1855 and 1862 in which they laid the foundations of comparative photochemistry In 1864 they carried out what is reputed to be the first flashlight photography using magnesium as a light source 6 In 1867 Roscoe began an elaborate investigation of vanadium and its compounds and devised a process for preparing it pure in the metallic state at the same time showing that the substance which had previously passed for the pure metal was contaminated with oxygen In so doing he corrected Berzelius s value for the atomic mass Roscoe was awarded the 1868 Bakerian Lecture for this work He also carried out researches on niobium tungsten uranium perchloric acid and the solubility of ammonia He was the uncle of Beatrix Potter The mineral Roscoelite was named after him due to its vanadium content and Roscoe s work on that element Roscoe received an honorary doctorate LL D from the University of Glasgow in June 1901 7 In November 1909 he was sworn in the Privy Council 8 He was awarded the Franklin Institute s Elliott Cresson Medal in 1912 Publications EditRoscoe s publications include besides several elementary books on chemistry that had a wide circulation and were translated into many foreign languages Lectures on Spectrum Analysis 1869 a Treatise on Chemistry the first edition of which appeared in 1877 1892 A New View of Dalton s Atomic Theory with Dr Arthur Harden 1896 and an Autobiography 1906 The Treatise on Chemistry written in collaboration with Carl Schorlemmer 1834 1892 who was appointed his private assistant at Manchester in 1859 official assistant in the laboratory in 1861 and professor of organic chemistry in 1874 was long regarded as a standard work Roscoe s Lessons in Elementary Chemistry 1866 passed through many editions in the UK and abroad Selected works Edit Roscoe Henry 1876 Chemistry New York Appleton Henry Enfield Roscoe Roscoe Henry 1878 Spectrum Analysis London Macmillan Henry Enfield Roscoe Roscoe Henry 1882 Kurzes Lehrbuch der Chemie Braunsschweig Vieweg Roscoe Henry 1895 John Dalton and the Rise of Modern Chemistry New York Macmillan p 198 charles babbage Roscoe Henry 1906 The Life and Experiences of Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe London Macmillan The Life amp Experiences of Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe Commemoration Edit A blue plaque erected Quay Street Manchester The Roscoe Building at the University of Manchester was named after Professor Roscoe It is a large general purpose teaching facility used for various levels of teaching in Brunswick Street 9 References Edit See the two volume biography Roscoe Henry 1833 The Life of William Roscoe Vol 1 London T Cadell and Roscoe Henry 1833 The Life of William Roscoe Vol 2 London T Cadell Dittmar William Encyclopedia com www encyclopedia com Yates Tim 1975 The University of Manchester Victoria University of Manchester p 4 Charlton H B 1951 Portrait of a University chap IV College to University the Roscoe Ward Epoch Manchester University Press Manchester Faces amp Places Vol X No 2 ed London amp Manchester JG Hammond amp Co Ltd November 1898 pp 21 23 Henry Roscoe 1833 1915 flashlight photography Museum of Science and Industry Manchester 2007 Archived from the original on 2 March 2012 Retrieved 17 November 2011 Glasgow University jubilee The Times No 36481 London 14 June 1901 p 10 No 28311 The London Gazette 23 November 1909 p 8661 The University of Manchester Campus Map man ac uk External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henry Enfield Roscoe Wikisource has original works by or about Henry Enfield Roscoe Hansard 1803 2005 contributions in Parliament by Henry Roscoe Comments on photograph of Kirchhoff Bunsen and Roscoe Henry Enfield Roscoe Open University Portraits of Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe at the National Portrait Gallery London Obituary by Charles A Keane The Analyst 1916 41 63 700 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Roscoe Sir Henry Enfield Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed Cambridge University Press Henry Roscoe Papers John Rylands Library University of ManchesterParliament of the United KingdomNew constituency Member of Parliament for Manchester South1885 1895 Succeeded byMarquess of LorneAcademic officesPreceded bySir Julian Goldsmid Vice Chancellor of University of London1896 1902 Succeeded byDr Archibald RobertsonProfessional and academic associationsPreceded byEdward William Binney President of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society1882 84 Succeeded byWilliam Crawford WilliamsonPreceded byRichard Copley Christie Secretary of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society1860 74 Succeeded byJoseph Baxendell Portals United Kingdom Biography Science Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henry Roscoe chemist amp oldid 1111500079, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
