Indus Kohistani or simply Kohistani (کوستَیں ژباں, Kōstaiñ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the former Kohistan District of Pakistan.[3] The language was referred to as Maiyã (Mayon) or Shuthun by early researchers, but subsequent observations have not verified that these names are known locally.[4]
In the Kanyawali dialect, the back vowels /u/ and /o/ are described as variants of each other, as are the front vowels /i/ and /e/.
Consonantsedit
Kohistani is spoken in multiple districts of KPK in north as of the 2017 Pakistan Census
The consonant inventory of Indus Kohistani is shown in the chart below. (Consonants particular to the Kanyawali Dialect of Tangir and those found only in the Kohistan Dialects are color-coded respectively.)
The phonemes /x/, /ɣ/, and /q/ are mainly found in loan words. The status of /q/ in the Kanyawali Dialect is unclear. The sounds /f, v/ can also be bilabial [ɸ, β].[6]
Edelman, D. I. (1983). The Dardic and Nuristani Languages. Moscow: (Institut vostokovedenii︠a︡ (Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR).
Zoller, Claus Peter (2005). A grammar and dictionary of Indus Kohistani. Vol. 1: Dictionary. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN978-3-11-017947-7.
February 16, 2024
indus, kohistani, kohistani, language, redirects, here, confused, with, shina, kohistani, language, simply, kohistani, کوست, یں, ژباں, kōstaiñ, indo, aryan, language, spoken, former, kohistan, district, pakistan, language, referred, maiyã, mayon, shuthun, earl. Kohistani language redirects here Not to be confused with the Shina Kohistani language Indus Kohistani or simply Kohistani کوست یں ژباں Kōstain is an Indo Aryan language spoken in the former Kohistan District of Pakistan 3 The language was referred to as Maiya Mayon or Shuthun by early researchers but subsequent observations have not verified that these names are known locally 4 Kohistani Indus Kohistani Maiyaکوست یں KōstainRegionIndus Kohistan Upper Kohistan Lower Kohistan Kolai Palas districts as well as Tangir and Darel valleys 1 EthnicityIndus KohistanisNative speakers 200 000 cited 1992 2 Language familyIndo European Indo IranianIndo AryanEastern DardicKohistaniKohistani Indus Kohistani Writing systemPerso Arabic script Nastaliq Language codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code mvy class extiw title iso639 3 mvy mvy a Glottologindu1241Kohistani is a minor language of Pakistan which is mainly spoken in the Kohistan region it is given a space in this map Contents 1 Phonology 1 1 Vowels 1 2 Consonants 2 See also 3 References 4 BibliographyPhonology editThe phonology of Indus Kohistani varies between its major dialects as shown below 5 Vowels edit Front Central BackClose i iː u uːMid e eː o oːOpen a aːIn the Kanyawali dialect the back vowels u and o are described as variants of each other as are the front vowels i and e Consonants edit nbsp Kohistani is spoken in multiple districts of KPK in north as of the 2017 Pakistan CensusThe consonant inventory of Indus Kohistani is shown in the chart below Consonants particular to the Kanyawali Dialect of Tangir and those found only in the Kohistan Dialects are color coded respectively Labial Coronal Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular GlottalNasal Voiced m n ɳBreathy Voiced mʱ Stop Voiceless p t ʈ k q Aspirated pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰVoiced b d ɖ ɡBreathy Voiced bʱ dʱ ɖʱ ɡʱAffricate Voiceless ts tʂ tʃAspirated tsʰ tʃʰVoiced dʒFricative Voiceless f s ʂ ʃ x hVoiced v z ʐ ʒ ɣLateral lRhotic Voiced r ɽBreathy Voiced rʱ ɽʱSemivowel j wThe phonemes x ɣ and q are mainly found in loan words The status of q in the Kanyawali Dialect is unclear The sounds f v can also be bilabial ɸ b 6 See also editKohistan District Pakistan Kohistani people Shina Kohistani HazarewalReferences edit Frembgen Jurgen Wasin 1999 Indus Kohistan An Historical and Ethnographie Outline Central Asiatic Journal 43 1 71 JSTOR 41928174 Kohistani Indus Kohistani at Ethnologue 25th ed 2022 nbsp Jain Danesh Cardona George 2007 07 26 The Indo Aryan Languages Routledge p 874 ISBN 978 1 135 79711 9 Zoller 2005 p 2 Edelman 1983 pp 246 253 Zoller 2005 p 36 Bibliography editEdelman D I 1983 The Dardic and Nuristani Languages Moscow Institut vostokovedenii a Akademii a nauk SSSR Zoller Claus Peter 2005 A grammar and dictionary of Indus Kohistani Vol 1 Dictionary Berlin Mouton de Gruyter ISBN 978 3 11 017947 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Indus Kohistani amp oldid 1197467249, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
