Geiger-cars, which imports cars from North America to Europe, is called an importer.[1][2]
In international trade, the importation and exportation of goods are limited by import quotas and mandates from the customs authority. The importing and exporting jurisdictions may impose a tariff (tax) on the goods. In addition, the importation and exportation of goods are subject to trade agreements between the importing and exporting jurisdictions.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2021)
Definitionedit
Imports consist of transactions in goods and services to a resident of a jurisdiction (such as a nation) from non-residents.[4] The exact definition of imports in national accounts includes and excludes specific "borderline" cases.[5] Importation is the action of buying or acquiring products or services from another country or another market other than own. Imports are important for the economy because they allow a country to supply nonexistent, scarce, high cost, or low-quality certain products or services, to its market with products from other countries.
A general delimitation of imports in national accounts is given below:
An import of a good occurs when there is a change of ownership from a non-resident to a resident; this does not necessarily imply that the good in question physically crosses the frontier. However, in specific cases, national accounts impute changes of ownership even though in legal terms no change of ownership takes place (e.g. cross border financial leasing, cross border deliveries between affiliates of the same enterprise, goods crossing the border for significant processing to order or repair). Also, smuggled goods must be included in the import measurement.
Imports of services consist of all services rendered by non-residents to residents. In national accounts any direct purchases by residents outside the economic territory[6] of a country are recorded as imports of services; therefore all expenditure by tourists in the economic territory of another country are considered part of the imports of services. Also, international flows of illegal services must be included.
Basic trade statistics often differ in terms of definition and coverage from the requirements in the national accounts:
Data on international trade in goods are mostly obtained through declarations to custom services. If a country applies the general trade system, all goods entering the country are recorded as imports. If the special trade system (e.g. extra-EU trade statistics) is applied goods that are received into customs warehouses are not recorded in external trade statistics unless they subsequently go into free circulation of the importing country.
A special case is the intra-EU trade statistics. Since goods move freely between the member states of the EU without customs controls, statistics on trade in goods between the member states must be obtained through surveys. To reduce the statistical burden on the respondent's small-scale traders are excluded from the reporting obligation.
Statistical recording of trade in services is based on declarations by banks to their central banks or by surveys of the main operators. In a globalized economy where services can be rendered via electronic means (e.g. internet) the related international flows of services are difficult to identify.
Basic statistics on international trade normally do not record smuggled goods or international flows of illegal services. A small fraction of the smuggled goods and illegal services may nevertheless be included in official trade statistics through dummy shipments or dummy declarations that serve to conceal the illegal nature of the activities.
The balance of trade, usually denoted , is the difference between the value of all the goods (and services) a country exports and the value of the goods the country imports. A trade deficit occurs when imports are larger than exports. Imports are impacted principally by a country's income and its productive resources. For example, the US imports oil from Canada even though the US has oil and Canada uses oil. However, consumers in the US are willing to pay more for the marginal barrel of oil than Canadian consumers are, because there is more oil demanded in the US than there is oil produced.
In macroeconomic theory, the value of imports can be modeled as a function of domestic absorption (spending on everything, regardless of source) and the real exchange rate. These are the two most important factors affecting imports and they both affect imports positively.[7]
Types of importedit
There are two basic types of import:
Industrial and consumer goods
Intermediate goods and services
Companies import goods and services to supply to the domestic market at a cheaper price and better quality than competing goods manufactured in the domestic market. Companies import products that are not available in the local market.
There are three broad types of importers:
Those looking for any product around the world to import and sell
Those looking for foreign sourcing to get their products at the cheapest price
Those who using foreign sourcing as part of their global supply chain
Direct-import refers to a type of business importation involving a major retailer (e.g. Wal-Mart) and an overseas manufacturer. A retailer typically purchases products designed by local companies that can be manufactured overseas. In a direct-import program, the retailer bypasses the local supplier (colloquial: "middle-man") and buys the final product directly from the manufacturer, possibly saving in added cost data on the value of imports and their quantities often broken down by detailed lists of products are available in statistical collections on international trade published by the statistical services of intergovernmental organisations (e.g. UNSD,[8]FAOSTAT, OECD), supranational statistical institutes (e.g. Eurostat) and national statistical institutes.
Import of goodsedit
Importation and declaration and payment of customs duties is done by the importer of record, which may be the owner of the goods, the purchaser, or a licensed customs broker.
^Lequiller, F; Blades, D.: Understanding National Accounts, Paris: OECD 2006, pp. 139-143
^for example, see Eurostat: European System of Accounts - ESA 1995, §§ 3.128-3.146, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1996
import, other, uses, export, ation, redirects, here, logic, ation, logic, import, receiving, country, export, from, sending, country, ation, exportation, defining, financial, transactions, international, trade, geiger, cars, which, imports, cars, from, north, . For other uses see Import and export Importation redirects here For the law in logic see Importation logic An import is the receiving country in an export from the sending country Importation and exportation are the defining financial transactions of international trade 3 Geiger cars which imports cars from North America to Europe is called an importer 1 2 In international trade the importation and exportation of goods are limited by import quotas and mandates from the customs authority The importing and exporting jurisdictions may impose a tariff tax on the goods In addition the importation and exportation of goods are subject to trade agreements between the importing and exporting jurisdictions Contents 1 History 2 Definition 3 Balance of trade 4 Types of import 4 1 Import of goods 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory editFurther information Timeline of international trade This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2021 Definition editImports consist of transactions in goods and services to a resident of a jurisdiction such as a nation from non residents 4 The exact definition of imports in national accounts includes and excludes specific borderline cases 5 Importation is the action of buying or acquiring products or services from another country or another market other than own Imports are important for the economy because they allow a country to supply nonexistent scarce high cost or low quality certain products or services to its market with products from other countries A general delimitation of imports in national accounts is given below An import of a good occurs when there is a change of ownership from a non resident to a resident this does not necessarily imply that the good in question physically crosses the frontier However in specific cases national accounts impute changes of ownership even though in legal terms no change of ownership takes place e g cross border financial leasing cross border deliveries between affiliates of the same enterprise goods crossing the border for significant processing to order or repair Also smuggled goods must be included in the import measurement Imports of services consist of all services rendered by non residents to residents In national accounts any direct purchases by residents outside the economic territory 6 of a country are recorded as imports of services therefore all expenditure by tourists in the economic territory of another country are considered part of the imports of services Also international flows of illegal services must be included Basic trade statistics often differ in terms of definition and coverage from the requirements in the national accounts Data on international trade in goods are mostly obtained through declarations to custom services If a country applies the general trade system all goods entering the country are recorded as imports If the special trade system e g extra EU trade statistics is applied goods that are received into customs warehouses are not recorded in external trade statistics unless they subsequently go into free circulation of the importing country A special case is the intra EU trade statistics Since goods move freely between the member states of the EU without customs controls statistics on trade in goods between the member states must be obtained through surveys To reduce the statistical burden on the respondent s small scale traders are excluded from the reporting obligation Statistical recording of trade in services is based on declarations by banks to their central banks or by surveys of the main operators In a globalized economy where services can be rendered via electronic means e g internet the related international flows of services are difficult to identify Basic statistics on international trade normally do not record smuggled goods or international flows of illegal services A small fraction of the smuggled goods and illegal services may nevertheless be included in official trade statistics through dummy shipments or dummy declarations that serve to conceal the illegal nature of the activities Balance of trade editMain article Balance of trade A country has demand for an import when the price of the good or service on the world market is less than the price on the domestic market The balance of trade usually denoted N X displaystyle NX nbsp is the difference between the value of all the goods and services a country exports and the value of the goods the country imports A trade deficit occurs when imports are larger than exports Imports are impacted principally by a country s income and its productive resources For example the US imports oil from Canada even though the US has oil and Canada uses oil However consumers in the US are willing to pay more for the marginal barrel of oil than Canadian consumers are because there is more oil demanded in the US than there is oil produced In macroeconomic theory the value of imports can be modeled as a function of domestic absorption spending on everything regardless of source and the real exchange rate These are the two most important factors affecting imports and they both affect imports positively 7 Types of import editThere are two basic types of import Industrial and consumer goods Intermediate goods and servicesCompanies import goods and services to supply to the domestic market at a cheaper price and better quality than competing goods manufactured in the domestic market Companies import products that are not available in the local market There are three broad types of importers Those looking for any product around the world to import and sell Those looking for foreign sourcing to get their products at the cheapest price Those who using foreign sourcing as part of their global supply chainDirect import refers to a type of business importation involving a major retailer e g Wal Mart and an overseas manufacturer A retailer typically purchases products designed by local companies that can be manufactured overseas In a direct import program the retailer bypasses the local supplier colloquial middle man and buys the final product directly from the manufacturer possibly saving in added cost data on the value of imports and their quantities often broken down by detailed lists of products are available in statistical collections on international trade published by the statistical services of intergovernmental organisations e g UNSD 8 FAOSTAT OECD supranational statistical institutes e g Eurostat and national statistical institutes Import of goods edit Importation and declaration and payment of customs duties is done by the importer of record which may be the owner of the goods the purchaser or a licensed customs broker See also editExport function Importation right List of countries by importsReferences edit Singh Rakesh Mohan 2009 International Business Oxford University Press New Delhi and New York ISBN 0 19 568909 7 O Sullivan Arthur Shjsnsbeffrin Steven M 2003 Economics Principles in Action Upper Saddle River Pearson Prentice Hall p 552 ISBN 0 13 063085 3 ICC Export Import Certification Lequiller F Blades D Understanding National Accounts Paris OECD 2006 pp 139 143 for example see Eurostat European System of Accounts ESA 1995 3 128 3 146 Office for Official Publications of the European Communities Luxembourg 1996 economic territory Burda Wyplosz 2005 Macroeconomics A European Text Fourth Edition Oxford University Press United Nations Statistics Division Unstats un org Archived from the original on 2002 10 10 Retrieved 2013 03 25 External links editGeneral Procedure of Import Trade World imports by country in World Bank s World Integrated Trade Solution Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Import amp oldid 1192422266, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
