Ibrahim Lodi
Ibrahim Khan Lodi (or Lodhi) (1480 – 21 April 1526) was the last Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate,[1][2] who became Sultan in 1517 after the death of his father Sikandar Khan Lodi. He was the last ruler of the Lodi dynasty, reigning for nine years until 1526, when he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Panipat by Babur's invading army, giving way to the emergence of the Mughal Empire in India.[3][4]
| Ibrahim Khan Lodi | |
|---|---|
| Sultan of the Lodi Dynasty | |
| 31st Sultan of Delhi | |
| Reign | 1517 – 21 April 1526 |
| Coronation | 1517, Agra |
| Predecessor | Sikandar Khan Lodi |
| Successor | Sultanate abolished By (Babur as Mughal Emperor) |
| Born | 1480 Delhi |
| Died | 21 April 1526 (aged 45–46) Panipat, now Haryana, India |
| Burial | |
| Issue | Jalal Khan Lodi |
| House | Lodi dynasty |
| Father | Sikandar Khan Lodi |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Biography
Ibrahim was an ethnic Pashtun. He attained the throne upon the death of his father, Sikandar, but was not blessed with the same ruling capability. He faced a number of rebellions. Ibrahim Khan Lodi also displeased the nobility when he replaced old and senior commanders with younger ones who were loyal to him. His Afghan nobility eventually invited Babur to invade India.
In 1526, the Mughal forces of Babur, the king of Kabulistan (Kabul, present Afghanistan), defeated Ibrahim's much larger army in the Battle of Panipat. He was killed in the battle. It is estimated that Babur's forces numbered around 12,000–25,000 men and had between 20 and 24 pieces of canons. Ibrahim Khan Lodi had around 50,000 to 120,000 men along with around 400 to 1000 war elephants. In the ensuing battle the Lodi forces were tarnished with over 20,000 killed and many more wounded and captured. After the end of Lodi dynasty, the era of Mughal rule commenced for next 331 years.[5]
Tomb
His tomb is often mistaken to be the Shisha Gumbad within Lodi Gardens, Delhi. Rather Ibrahim Khan Lodi's Tomb is actually situated near the tehsil office in Panipat, close to the Dargah of Sufi saint Bu Ali Shah Qalandar. It is a simple rectangular structure on a high platform approached by a flight of steps. In 1866, the British relocated the tomb during construction of the Grand Trunk Road and renovated it with an inscription highlighting Ibrahim Khan Lodi's death in the Battle of Panipat. He also built a Khwaja Khizr Tomb in Sonipat in 1522.[6][7][8]
Jalal Khan Lodi's Revolt
In 1520, Ibrahim's eldest brother and heir to the throne, Jalal Khan Lodi, marched with an army from Jaunpur towards Delhi to take the throne. Hearing of Jalal Khan's revolt, Ibrahim Lodi imprisoned his brothers Ismail, Husein, Daulat and Mahmud at the fort of Hansi. He marched towards Awadh to meet his brother Jalal's army and after defeating the army, he forgave his brother and repositioned him as governor of Jaunpur and Lakhnau (or Lucknow).[9]
Gallery
Delhi-Topra inscription of 1524 CE, mentioning Sultan Ibrahim Lodi.[10]
An awards ceremony in the Sultan Ibrahim Khan Lodi's court before being sent on an expedition to Sambhal
1526-First Battle of Panipat-Ibrahim Khan Lodi and Babur
Coinage of Mahmud Shah II (1510-1531 CE) of the Malwa Sultanate, in the name of Ibrahim Lodi Sultan of Dehli, dated 1520-1 CE.
See also
References
- ^ Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 978-81-241-1066-9.
The first of these was the death of the Afghan ruler , Sikandar Lodi , at Agra towards the end of 1517 and the succession of Ibrahim Khan Lodi . The second was the conquest of Bajaur and Bhira , by Babur in the frontier tract of north - west Punjab in ...
- ^ Sengupta, Sudeshna. History & Civics 9. Ratna Sagar. p. 126. ISBN 9788183323642.
The Lodi dynasty was established by the Ghilzai tribe of the Afghans
- ^ . The Muntakhabu-’rūkh by ‘Abdu-’l-Qādir Ibn-i-Mulūk Shāh, known as Al-Badāoni, translated from the original Persian and edited by George S. A. Ranking, Sir Wolseley Haig and W. H. Lowe. Packard Humanities Institute 1884–1925. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
- ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 122–25. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ^ Davis, Paul K. (1999), 100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present, Oxford University Press, p181.
- ^ Tomb of Ibrahim Lodi 14 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ibrahim Lodi's Tomb
- ^ The Hindu, 4 July 2005.
- ^ "Ibrahim Lodi, Last Sultan of Delhi". notesonindianhistory.com. 20 July 2017.
- ^ Singh, Upinder (2006). Delhi: Ancient History. Berghahn Books. p. 208. ISBN 978-81-87358-29-9.
External links
- Abundance and low prices during the reign of Sultan Ibrahim Lodi
- Lodī dynasty - Encyclopædia Britannica