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Wikipedia

I Love Lucy

June 22, 2023

I Love Lucy is an American television sitcom that originally aired on CBS from October 15, 1951, to May 6, 1957, with a total of 180 half-hour episodes, spanning six seasons.[2] The show starred Lucille Ball, her husband, Desi Arnaz, along with Vivian Vance and William Frawley. The series follows the life of Lucy Ricardo (Ball), a young, middle-class housewife living in New York City, who often concocts plans with her best friends and landlords, Ethel and Fred Mertz (Vance and Frawley), to appear alongside her bandleader husband, Ricky Ricardo (Arnaz), in his nightclub. Lucy is depicted trying numerous schemes to mingle with and be a part of show business. After the series ended in 1957, a modified version of the show continued for three more seasons, with 13 one-hour specials, which ran from 1957 to 1960. It was first known as The Lucille Ball–Desi Arnaz Show, and later, in reruns, as The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour.

I Love Lucy
Logo from the syndicated edition
GenreSitcom
Starring
Theme music composer
Composers
Country of originUnited States
Original languages
  • English
  • Spanish
No. of seasons6
No. of episodes180[a] (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producerDesi Arnaz
ProducerJess Oppenheimer
Production locationsDesilu Studios, Los Angeles
Camera setupMulti-camera
Running time23–26 minutes
Production companyDesilu Productions
Release
Original networkCBS[1]
Picture formatBlack and white film
Audio formatMonaural
Original releaseOctober 15, 1951 (1951-10-15) –
May 6, 1957 (1957-05-06)
Related

I Love Lucy became the most-watched show in the United States in four of its six seasons and it was the first to end its run at the top of the Nielsen ratings.[3] As of 2011, episodes of the show have been syndicated in dozens of languages across the world and remain popular with an American audience of 40 million each year.[4][5][6] A colorized version of its Christmas episode attracted more than eight million viewers when CBS aired it in prime time in 2013, 62 years after the show premiered. CBS has aired two to three colorized episodes each year since then, once at Christmas and again in the spring.[7]

The show – which was the first scripted television program to be shot on 35 mm film in front of a studio audience, by cinematographer Karl Freund – won five Emmy Awards and received many nominations and honors. It was the first show to feature an ensemble cast.[8] As such, it is often regarded as both one of the greatest and most influential sitcoms in history. In 2012, it was voted the 'Best TV Show of All Time' in a survey conducted by ABC News and People magazine.[9] In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked it #12 on their list of the 101 Best Written TV Series.[10]

Premise

Originally set in an apartment building in New York City, I Love Lucy centers on Lucy Ricardo (Lucille Ball) and her singer/bandleader husband, Ricky Ricardo (Desi Arnaz), along with their best friends and landlords, Fred Mertz (William Frawley) and Ethel Mertz (Vivian Vance). During the second season, Lucy and Ricky have a son named Ricky Ricardo Jr. ("Little Ricky"), whose birth was timed to coincide with Ball's real-life birth of her son, Desi Arnaz Jr.[11]

Lucy is naïve and ambitious, with a zeal for stardom and a knack for getting both herself and her husband into trouble whenever she yearns to make it in show business. The Ricardos' best friends, Fred and Ethel, are former vaudevillians. The Mertz's history in entertainment only strengthens Lucy's resolve to prove herself as a performer, though she often feels excluded, as her industry involvement is limited, relative to that of Ricky, Fred, and Ethel. Though charismatic, throughout the series, she is depicted as having few marketable performance skills, and she is often portrayed as being tone deaf, struggling to sing anything other than off-key renditions of songs such as "Glow Worm" on the saxophone, and many of her performances end in disaster. However, to say she is completely without talent would be untrue, as on occasion, she is shown to be a good dancer and a competent singer. She is also at least twice offered contracts by television or film companies—first in the season 1 episode "The Audition", when she replaces an injured clown in Ricky's act at the Tropicana nightclub, and later in the season 5 episode "Lucy and the Dummy", when she dances in Hollywood for a studio party using a rubber Ricky dummy as her dancing partner.

Little information was offered about Lucy's past. A few episodes mentioned that she was born in Jamestown, New York (Ball's real-life home town), later specified to be West Jamestown, that she graduated from Jamestown High School, that her maiden name was "McGillicuddy" (indicating a Scottish or Irish ethnicity, at least on her father's side, though she once mentioned her grandmother was Swedish), and that she met Ricky on a boat cruise with her friend from an agency she once worked for. Her family was absent, other than occasional appearances by her scatter-brained mother Mrs. McGillicuddy (Kathryn Card), who could never get Ricky's name right. Lucy was also secretive about her age and true hair color, and tended to be careless with money, in addition to being somewhat materialistic, insisting on buying new dresses and hats for every occasion and telling old friends that she and Ricky were wealthy. She was also depicted as a devoted housewife, adept cook, and attentive mother. As part of Lucy's role was to care for her husband, she stayed at home and took care of the household chores, while her husband Ricky went to work.[12] During the post war era, Lucy took jobs outside of the home, but in these jobs, the show portrayed her as being inept outside of her usual domestic duties.[13]

 
Lucy and Ricky climb in the Alps during their 1956 trip to Europe.

Lucy's husband, Ricky Ricardo, is an up-and-coming Cuban American singer and bandleader with an excitable personality. His patience is frequently tested by his wife's antics trying to get into showbiz, along with her exorbitant spending on clothes and furniture. When exasperated, he often reverts to speaking rapidly in Spanish. As with Lucy, not much is revealed about his past or family. Ricky's mother (played by actress Mary Emery) appears in two episodes; in another, Lucy mentions that he has five brothers. Ricky also mentions that he had been "practically raised" by his Uncle Alberto (who was seen during a family visit to Cuba), and that he had attended the University of Havana.

An extended flashback segment in the 1957 episode "Lucy Takes a Cruise to Havana" of The Lucille Ball–Desi Arnaz Show filled in numerous details of how Lucy and Ricky met and how Ricky came to the United States. The story, at least insofar as related to newspaper columnist Hedda Hopper, is that the couple met in Havana when Lucy and the Mertzes vacationed there in 1940. Despite his being a university graduate and proficient in English, Ricky is portrayed as a driver of a horse-drawn cab who waits for fares at a pier where tourists arrive by ship. Ricky is hired to serve as one of Lucy's tour guides, and the two fall in love. Having coincidentally also met popular singer, Rudy Vallée, on the cruise ship, Lucy arranges an audition for Ricky, who is hired to be in Vallée's orchestra, thus allowing him to emigrate to the United States on the very ship on which Lucy and the Mertzes were returning. Lucy later states that Ricky played for Vallée only one night before being traded to Xavier Cugat's orchestra.

The extended flashback segment "Lucy Takes a Cruise to Havana" and the story of how Lucy and Ricky met is inconsistent with the season 4 episode "Don Juan and the Starlets". At one point in that episode, Lucy, after finding out that she was not invited to join Ricky at a movie premiere, bemoans that she made a mistake fifteen years before when her friend Marion Strong asked her if she would like to go on a blind date with a Cuban drummer, to which she said "yes."

Throughout the series, Lucy is usually found with her best friend, Ethel. A former model from Albuquerque, New Mexico, Ethel tries to relive her glory days in vaudeville. Ricky is more inclined to include Ethel in performances at his nightclub because, unlike Lucy, she can sing and dance rather well.

The show mentions that Ethel's husband, Fred, served in World War I, and lived through the Great Depression. As such, in the series, Fred is depicted as being very stingy with money and as being an irascible, no-nonsense type. However, he also reveals that he can be a soft touch, especially when it comes to Little Ricky, to whom Fred is both godfather and honorary "uncle." Fred can also sing and dance, and he often performs duets with Ethel.

The Manhattan building they all lived in before their move to Westport, Connecticut during the sixth season, was addressed at a fictional 623 East 68th Street, at first in apartment 4A, then moving to the larger apartment 3B (subsequently re-designated 3D; the Mertzes’ apartment is then numbered 3B), on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. In actuality, however, the addresses go up only to the 500s before the street terminates at the East River.

Cast

 
Cast members from left, standing: William Frawley, Desi Arnaz, seated: Vivian Vance and Lucille Ball
 
Mike (left) and Joe Mayer played Little Ricky as a toddler.

Gale Gordon and Bea Benaderet, supporting cast members on My Favorite Husband, were originally approached for the roles of Fred and Ethel, but neither could accept, owing to previous commitments. Gordon did appear as a guest star in three episodes, playing Ricky's boss, Mr. Littlefield, in two episodes, and later in an episode of The Lucille Ball–Desi Arnaz Show as a civil court judge. Gordon was a veteran from the classic radio days in which he perfected the role of the exasperated character, as in Fibber McGee and Molly and Our Miss Brooks. He would go on to co-star with Ball in all of her post–I Love Lucy series (The Lucy Show, Here's Lucy and Life with Lucy). Benaderet was a guest star in one episode as elderly Miss Lewis, a neighbor of the Ricardos.

Barbara Pepper (later featured as Doris Ziffel in the series Green Acres) was also considered to play Ethel, but Pepper had been drinking very heavily after the death of her husband, Craig W. Reynolds. Her friendship with Ball dated back to the film Roman Scandals (1933), in which both appeared as Goldwyn Girls. She did, however, turn up in at least nine episodes of I Love Lucy in bit parts.[14]

Many of the characters in the series were named after Ball's family members or close friends. For example, Marion Strong was one of her best friends and a roommate for a time in New York, and she also set Ball and Arnaz up on their first date. Lillian Appleby was a teacher of Ball's when she was in an amateur production on the stage. Additionally, Pauline Lopus was a childhood friend, while Fred was the name of both her brother and grandfather. Ball and Arnaz had a business manager by the name of Mr. Andrew Hickox, and in the first episode of season 4, called "The Business Manager,” Lucy and Ricky hire a man named Mr. Hickox.

Primary production team

Background and development

Lucille Ball came to Hollywood after a successful stint as a New York model. She was chosen by Samuel Goldwyn to be one of 16 Goldwyn Girls to co-star in the picture Roman Scandals (1933), with film star Eddie Cantor.[15] Enthusiastic and hard-working, Ball had been able to secure film work briefly at the Samuel Goldwyn Studio and Columbia Pictures and then eventually at RKO Radio Pictures. It was at RKO that Ball received steady film work, first as an extra and bit player and eventually working her way up to co-starring roles in feature films and starring roles in second rate B pictures, collectively earning her the nickname "Queen of the B's".[16][17] During her run at RKO, Ball gained the reputation for doing physical comedy and stunts that most other actresses avoided, keeping her steadily employed. In 1940, Ball met Desi Arnaz, a Cuban bandleader who had just come off a successful run in the 1939–40 Broadway show Too Many Girls. RKO, after purchasing film rights to the show, cast Ball as Arnaz's love interest in the picture.[18] The duo began a whirlwind courtship, leading to their elopement in Connecticut in November 1940. Despite their marriage, however, their careers kept them separated, with Ball's film work keeping her anchored in Hollywood, while Arnaz's nightclub engagements with his orchestra kept him on the road.

Despite steadily working in pictures, Ball's movie career never advanced to the level of a headlining feature-film actress. Nevertheless, she remained popular with film audiences. Ball came to the attention of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer after receiving critical acclaim for her starring role in the 1942 Damon Runyon film The Big Street, which bought out her contract.[19] It was under contract with MGM, however, that Ball, who had previously been a blonde, dyed her hair red to complement the Technicolor features that MGM planned to use her in.[citation needed] MGM cast Ball in a variety of films, but it was her work with fellow comedian Red Skelton in the 1943 film DuBarry Was a Lady that brought Ball's physical comedy to the forefront, earning her the reputation as "that crazy redhead,” which Ricky would later call her on the show.[20] Nonetheless, Ball's striking beauty was in sharp contrast to the physical antics she performed in her films. Throughout her career, MGM tried to utilize her in multiple different film genres that did little to highlight her skills. Given their difficulties in casting her, MGM chose not to renew her contract when it expired in 1946.[21]

Ball began working as a freelance artist in films and also began to explore other venues.[21] Before and during World War II, Ball made several notable and successful guest appearances on several radio programs, including both Jack Haley's radio show and bandleader Kay Kyser's radio program.[22][23] These appearances brought Ball to the attention of CBS, which, in 1948, enlisted her to star in one of two new half-hour situation comedies in development, Our Miss Brooks and My Favorite Husband. Choosing the latter, Ball portrayed Liz Cugat (later anglicized to Cooper), the frustrated and scheming housewife of a Minneapolis banker, played originally by actor Lee Bowman in the series pilot, and later by actor Richard Denning. Based on the novel, Mr. and Mrs. Cugat, by Isabel Scott Rorick, My Favorite Husband was produced by Jess Oppenheimer and written by Oppenheimer, plus scribes Madelyn Pugh and Bob Carroll Jr. Premiering on July 23, 1948, and sponsored by General Foods, Husband became a hit for CBS.[24] During the run of the radio program, Ball also appeared in two feature films with Bob Hope, Sorrowful Jones in 1949, and Fancy Pants in 1950. Both films were box office and critical successes,[25][26] further cementing Ball's reputation as a top notch, first-rate comedian. They also highlighted her growing popularity with audiences, enticing CBS to further use her skills.

In 1950, CBS asked Ball to take My Favorite Husband to television with co-star Richard Denning.[27] Ball saw a television show as a great opportunity to work with Arnaz, however, and she insisted that he play her husband, much to the dismay of CBS, which was reluctant to cast Arnaz in that role, as he was Cuban.[28] CBS executives did not think audiences would buy into a marriage between an all-American girl and a Latin man.[28] To prove CBS wrong, the couple developed a vaudeville act, written by Carroll and Pugh, that they performed at Newburgh NY's historic Ritz Theater with Arnaz's orchestra.[29] The act was a hit and convinced CBS executive Harry Ackerman that a Ball-Arnaz pairing would be a worthwhile venture. At the same time, rival networks NBC, ABC, and DuMont were showing interest in a Ball-Arnaz series, which Ackerman used to convince CBS to sign the duo.

A pilot was ordered and kinescoped in Hollywood in March 1951, which coincided with Ball's first pregnancy, and the ending of Husband, which aired its last radio show on March 31, 1951. Ball and Arnaz used the same radio team of Oppenheimer, Pugh, and Carroll to create the television series that was named I Love Lucy. The couple's agent, Don Sharpe, brought the pilot to several advertising agencies with little luck but finally succeeded with the Milton H. Biow agency. Biow's agency presented the pilot to its clients and was able to convince cigarette giant Philip Morris to sponsor the show.[30]

Production

During the spring and summer of 1951, I Love Lucy moved into production. Oppenheimer, Pugh, and Carroll began fine-tuning the premise of the show and writing the series' first scripts. The trio chose to adapt many storylines for television using the backlog of episodes of My Favorite Husband. In addition, the series' ensemble cast and crew were assembled. Arnaz retained his orchestra, which was used in the series musical numbers and to score the show's background and transitional music. Arnaz's childhood friend Marco Rizo arranged the music and played the piano for the show, while Wilbur Hatch was used to conduct the orchestra.[31]

 
Lucille Ball with John Wayne on the set of the 1955 episode "Lucy and John Wayne"

Two problems arose after Philip Morris signed on to sponsor the show, that would ultimately change the fate of I Love Lucy. Ball and Arnaz had originally decided that the series would air on a biweekly basis, much like The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show. Philip Morris, however, was insistent that the show air weekly, thus diminishing the possibility of Ball continuing her film career alongside a television show.[32] Another problem lay in the fact that Philip Morris wanted the series to originate from New York rather than Hollywood. At the time, most television shows were produced from New York with live broadcasts of the show airing for eastern and Midwest audiences. West Coast viewers were able to view live programs only through low-quality kinescopes, which derived their images by using a 35 mm or 16 mm film camera to record the show from a television monitor.[33]

Although the pilot film shown to Philip Morris had been a kinescope, the sponsor did not want the lucrative East Coast market, accustomed to quality broadcasts, to see a low-quality kinescope film.[33] Owing to the impending birth of their first child, both Ball and Arnaz insisted on staying in Hollywood and producing the show on film, something a few Hollywood-based series had begun to do.[34] Both CBS and Philip Morris initially balked at the idea, because of the higher cost that filming the show would incur, yet acquiesced only after the couple offered to take a $1,000 a week pay cut in order to cover the additional expense.[35] In exchange, Ball and Arnaz demanded, and were given, 80% ownership in the I Love Lucy films (the other 20% went to Oppenheimer who then gave 5% to Pugh and 5% to Carroll).[citation needed] Shooting the show on film, however, would require that Ball and Arnaz become responsible for producing the series themselves. Union agreements at the time stipulated that any production filmed in a studio use film studio employees. CBS staff were television and radio employees and thus fell under different union agreements. Thus, Arnaz reorganized the company he created to manage his orchestra bookings and used it as the corporation that would produce the I Love Lucy shows. The company was named Desilu, from the combination of both their first names "Desi" and "Lucille".[original research?]

Though some television series were already being filmed in Hollywood, most used the single-camera format familiar from movies, with a laugh track added to comedies to simulate audience response. Ball wanted to work in front of a live audience to create the kind of comic energy she had displayed on radio.[36] The idea of a film studio that could accommodate an audience was a new one for the time, as fire safety regulations made it difficult to allow an audience in a studio. Arnaz and Oppenheimer found the financially struggling General Service Studios located on Las Palmas Avenue in Hollywood. Studio owner Jimmy Nasser was eager to accommodate the Desilu company and allowed them, with financial backing of CBS, to renovate two of his studios so that they could accommodate an audience and be in compliance with local fire laws.[37][38]

 
Cinematographer Karl Freund (1932)

Another component to filming the show came when it was decided to use three 35 mm film cameras to simultaneously film the show. The idea had been pioneered by Jerry Fairbanks, and had been used on the live anthology series The Silver Theater, and on the game show Truth or Consequences, as well as subsequently Amos 'n' Andy as a way to save money, though Amos n' Andy did not use an audience. Edwards's assistant Al Simon was hired by Desilu to help perfect the new technique for the series. The process lent itself to the Lucy production as it eliminated the problem of requiring an audience to view and react to a scene three or four times in order for all necessary shots to be filmed. Multiple cameras would also allow scenes to be performed in sequence, as a play would be, which was unusual at the time for filmed series. Retakes were rare and dialogue mistakes were often played off for the sake of continuity.[citation needed]

Ball and Arnaz enlisted the services of Karl Freund, a cinematographer who had worked on such films as Metropolis (1927), Dracula (1931), The Good Earth (1937) and DuBarry Was a Lady (1943) (which also starred Ball), as well as directing The Mummy (1932), to be the series cinematographer. Although at first Freund did not want anything to do with television, it was the personal plea of the couple that convinced him to take the job.[33]

Freund was instrumental in developing a way to uniformly light the set so that each of the three cameras would pick up the same quality of image. Freund noted that a typical episode (20–22 min.) was shot in about 60 minutes, with one constant concern being the shades-of-gray contrast in the final print, as each stage of transmission and broadcast would exaggerate the contrast.[39] Freund also pioneered "flat lighting," in which everything is brightly lit to eliminate shadows and the need for endless relighting.[40][41]

Audience reactions were live, which created a more authentic laugh than the canned laughter used on most filmed sitcoms of the time. Regular audience members were sometimes heard from episode to episode, and Arnaz's distinctive laugh could be heard in the background during scenes in which he did not perform, as well as Ball's mother, DeDe, whose distinctive "uh oh" could be heard in many of the episodes. In later years, CBS would devise a laugh track from several I Love Lucy audiences and use them for canned laughter on shows done without a live audience.[citation needed]

I Love Lucy's pioneering use of three cameras led to it becoming the standard technique for the production of most sitcoms filmed in front of an audience.[42] Single-camera setups remained the technique of choice for sitcoms that did not use audiences. This led to an unexpected benefit for Desilu during the series' second season when it was discovered that Ball was pregnant. Not being able to fulfill the show's 39-episode commitment, both Desi and Oppenheimer decided to rebroadcast popular episodes of the series' first season to help give Ball the necessary rest she needed after she gave birth, effectively allowing fewer episodes to be filmed that season. Unexpectedly, the rebroadcasts proved to be ratings winners, effectively giving birth to the rerun, which would later lead to the profitable development of the rerun syndication market.[43]

The show's original opening and commercial bumpers were animated caricatures of Ball and Arnaz. They were designed and animated by MGM character designer and future "Flintstones" cartoonist, Gene Hazelton (1917–2005) and were produced under a contract producer William Hanna had secured privately.[44][45] The program sponsor, Philip Morris cigarettes was incorporated into many of these sequences, so when I Love Lucy went into repeats, they were replaced by the now familiar heart logo. However Hazelton's original animation survives, and can be seen in the DVD boxed set as originally presented.[citation needed]

Desilu Productions, jointly owned by Ball and Arnaz, would gradually expand to produce and lease studio space for many other shows. For seasons 1 and 2 (1951–1953), Desilu rented space and filmed I Love Lucy at General Service Studios, which eventually became known as Hollywood Center Studios. In 1953, it leased the Motion Picture Center at 846 Cahuenga Blvd. in Hollywood, renaming it Desilu Studios, to shoot seasons 3–6 (1953–1957) of I Love Lucy. After 1956, it became known as Desilu-Cahuenga Studios to avoid confusion with other acquired Desilu locations. In an effort to keep up with the studio's growth, and need for additional sound stages, Arnaz and Ball purchased RKO Radio Pictures from General Tire in 1957 for over $6 million, effectively owning the studio where they had started as contract players. Desilu acquired RKO's two studio complexes located on Gower Street in Hollywood, and in Culver City (now part of the Paramount lot and Culver Studios respectively), along with the Culver City back lot nicknamed "Forty Acres". The sale was achieved by the duo selling their ownership of the once-thought-worthless I Love Lucy films back to CBS for over four million dollars.[citation needed]

In 1962, two years after their marriage dissolved, Ball bought out Arnaz's shares of Desilu, becoming the studio's sole owner. She eventually sold off Desilu in 1967 to Gulf+Western, owners of Paramount Pictures.[46] After the sale, Desilu-Cahuenga became a private production company and was known as Ren-Mar Studios till 2010, when it was acquired by the Red Digital Cinema Camera Company and renamed Red Studios – Hollywood.[47]

The Mertzes

As with My Favorite Husband, Lucy writers decided that the Ricardos needed an older couple to play off of. While performing in Husband, veteran character actors Gale Gordon and Bea Benaderet had played Rudolph and Iris Atterbury, an older, more financially stable couple as Mr. Atterbury had been George Cooper's boss. Ball had initially wanted both actors to reprise their roles on television; however, both were unavailable at the time the show went into production as Benaderet was already playing Blanche Morton on The Burns and Allen Show, and Gordon was under contract by CBS to play Mr. Conklin on both the radio and television versions of Our Miss Brooks.

 
William Frawley in 1951

Casting the Mertzes, as they were now called (the surname taken from a doctor that Lucy scriptwriter Madelyn Pugh knew as a child in Indianapolis), proved to be a challenge. Ball had initially wanted character actor James Gleason, with whom she appeared in the Columbia Pictures film Miss Grant Takes Richmond (1949), to play Fred Mertz. However, Gleason wanted nearly $3,500 per episode to play the role, a price that was far too high to sustain.[48]

Sixty-four-year-old William Frawley, a seasoned vaudevillian and movie character actor with nearly 100 film credits to his name, was a long shot to play Fred Mertz and only came into consideration after he telephoned Ball personally to ask if there was a role for him on her new show. Ball, who had only briefly known Frawley from her days at RKO, suggested him to both Arnaz and CBS. The network objected to the idea of casting Frawley, fearing that his excessive drinking—which was well known in Hollywood[48]—would interfere with a commitment to a live show. Arnaz nonetheless liked Frawley and lobbied hard for him to have the role, even to the point of having Lucy scribes re-tailor the role of Fred Mertz to be a less financially successful and more curmudgeonly (in contrast to Gordon's Mr. Atterbury) character to fit Frawley's persona. CBS relented only after Arnaz contractually bound Frawley to complete sobriety during the production of the show, and reportedly told the veteran actor that if he ever appeared on-set more than once in an intoxicated state he would be fired.[48] Not once during Lucy's nine seasons did Frawley's drinking ever interfere with his performance, and over time Arnaz became one of Frawley's few close friends.

 
Vivian Vance in 1948

The Ethel Mertz character also took quite some time to pin down an actress suitable for the role. Since Lucy's Husband co-star Bea Benaderet was not available, Mary Wickes, a longtime friend was offered the role, but declined because she did not want to strain her friendship with Ball. Actress Barbara Pepper, who was a close friend of Ball, was also considered for the role. The two had a long history together, as Pepper had been one of the Goldwyn Girls who came to Hollywood with Lucy in 1933. Pepper was ruled out by Ball and Arnaz because she too had a drinking problem like Frawley.[49]

Vivian Vance became a consideration on the recommendation of Lucy director Marc Daniels. Daniels had worked with Vance in New York on Broadway in the early 1940s. Vance had already been a successful stage star performing on Broadway for nearly 20 years in a variety of plays, and in addition, after relocating to Hollywood in the late 1940s, had two film roles to her credit. Nonetheless, by 1951, she was still a relatively unknown actress in Hollywood. Vance was performing in a revival of the play The Voice of the Turtle in La Jolla, California. Arnaz and Jess Oppenheimer went to see her in the play and hired her on the spot.[50] Vance was reluctant about giving up her film and stage work for a television show, yet was convinced by Daniels that it would be a big break in her career. Ball, however, had many misgivings about hiring Vance, who was younger and far more attractive than the concept of Ethel as an older, somewhat homely woman (Vance was just 2 years older than Ball). Ball was also a believer in the Hollywood adage at the time that there should be only one pretty woman on the set and Ball, being the star of the show, was it. Arnaz, however, was impressed by Vance's work and hired her. The decision was then made to dress Vance in frumpier clothing to tone down her attractiveness. Ball and Vance's relationship during the series' early beginnings was lukewarm at best. Eventually realizing that Vance was no threat and was very professional, Ball began to warm to her. In 1954, Vance became the first actress to win an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress. Vance and Ball developed a close, lifelong friendship with Ball frequently listening to Vance's input during episode productions. In 1962, after the end of I Love Lucy, Ball would ask Vance to co-star in her new series The Lucy Show.[original research?]

Vance and Frawley's off-screen relationship was less successful. In spite of this, they were always professional and exhibited exceptional chemistry while performing on the show. Frawley derisively described Vance's appearance as "a sack of doorknobs."[51] It was reported that Vance, who was 22 years younger than Frawley, was not really keen on the idea that her character Ethel was married to a man that was old enough to be her father. Vance also complained that Frawley's song-and-dance skills were not what they once were. Frawley and Vance had an adversarial relationship during the entire run of the show.[52]

 
Desi Arnaz, Lucille Ball, Vivian Vance, and William Frawley, from the 1955 episode "Face to Face"

In 1957, I Love Lucy was re-tailored into an hour-long show originally titled The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show that was to be part of an anthology series called the Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse. The hour-long Lucy-Desi show was to alternate on a monthly basis with other hour long Playhouse shows. The new series put a much heavier emphasis on big name guest stars as being part of the plot and although the Mertz characters continued into the new series, their roles became somewhat diminished. Although a lighter workload was welcomed by Frawley, Vance came to somewhat resent the change. Arnaz, in an effort to please Vance, for whom he had much respect, proposed doing a spin-off from I Love Lucy called The Mertzes. Seeing a lucrative opportunity and the chance to star in his own show, Frawley was enthused. Vance, however, declined for a number of reasons, the biggest factor being that she felt she and Frawley could barely work together on the ensemble show they were doing at the time, so it would be much less likely the two could work together on their own series. Vance also felt that the Mertz characters would not be as successful without the Ricardos to play off of, and despite being her biggest success, she was becoming interested in playing more glamorous roles rather than Ethel. During the thirteen-episode run of the Lucy-Desi hour-long shows, Vance was given a lot more latitude to look more attractive as Ethel Mertz, something she was denied during the run of the I Love Lucy episodes. Frawley's resentment of Vance intensified after she declined to do the spin-off show and the two rarely talked to each other outside of their characters' dialogue with one another.

Pregnancy and Little Ricky

Just before filming the show, Ball and Arnaz learned that she was once again pregnant (after multiple miscarriages earlier in their marriage) with their first child, Lucie Arnaz. They filmed the original pilot while Lucy was "showing", but did not include any references to the pregnancy in the episode. This was because CBS thought that talk of pregnancy might be in bad taste and because an ad agency told Arnaz not to show a pregnant woman.[53]

Later, during the second season, Ball was pregnant again with second child Desi Arnaz Jr., and this time the pregnancy was incorporated into the series' storyline. (Contrary to popular belief, Ball's pregnancy was not television's first on-screen pregnancy, a distinction belonging to Mary Kay Stearns on the late 1940s sitcom Mary Kay and Johnny.)

 
"Lucy and Superman" (1957)

CBS would not allow I Love Lucy to use the word "pregnant", so "expecting" was used instead.[54] In addition, sponsor Philip Morris made the request that Ball not be seen smoking during the pregnancy episodes.[55] The episode "Lucy Is Enceinte" first aired on December 8, 1952 ("enceinte" being French for "expecting" or "pregnant"). One week later, on December 15, 1952, the episode titled "Pregnant Women Are Unpredictable" was aired (although the show never displayed episode titles on the air). The episode in which Lucy Ricardo gives birth, "Lucy Goes to the Hospital", first aired on January 19, 1953, which was the day before the inauguration of Dwight Eisenhower as President of the United States. To increase the publicity of this episode, the original air date was chosen to coincide with Ball's real-life delivery of Desi Jr. by Caesarean section.[11] "Lucy Goes to the Hospital" was watched by more people than any other television program up to that time, with 71.7% of all American television sets tuned in, topping the 67.7 rating for the inauguration coverage the following morning.

Unlike some programs that advance the age of a newborn over a short period, I Love Lucy at first allowed the Ricardos' son Little Ricky to grow up in real time. America saw Little Ricky as an infant in the 1952–53 season and a toddler from 1953 to 1956. However, for the 1956–57 season, Little Ricky suddenly aged by two years, becoming a young school-age boy from 1956 to 1960. Five actors played the role, two sets of twins and later Keith Thibodeaux, whose stage name when playing Ricky Ricardo Jr. was Richard Keith. (In "Lucy and Superman", Little Ricky is mentioned as being five years old but it had been less than four years since the airing of "Lucy Goes to the Hospital".)

Jess Oppenheimer stated in his memoir, Laughs, Luck...and Lucy: How I Came to Create the Most Popular Sitcom of All Time, that the initial plan was to match the sex of the Ricardo's baby with Ball's real baby, inserting one of two alternate endings into the broadcast print at the last minute. When logistical difficulties convinced Oppenheimer to abandon this plan, he advised Desi Arnaz that as head writer, he would have Lucy Ricardo give birth to a boy. Desi Arnaz agreed, telling Oppenheimer that Ball had already given him one girl, and might give him another—this might be his only chance to get a son. When the baby boy was born, Desi Arnaz immediately called Oppenheimer and told him, "Lucy followed your script. Ain't she something?", to which Oppenheimer replied "Terrific! That makes me the greatest writer in the world!"[56]

Opening

 
Shot of the opening animation used in season one's first 20 episodes, one of at least 13 opening animations[57][58]

The opening familiar to most viewers, featuring the credits superimposed over a "heart on satin" image, was created specifically for the 1959–67 CBS daytime network rebroadcasts, and subsequent syndication. As originally broadcast, the episodes opened with animated matchstick figures of Arnaz and Ball making reference to whoever the particular episode's sponsor was. These sequences were created by the animation team of William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, who declined screen credit because they were technically under exclusive contract to MGM at the time.

The original sponsor was cigarette maker Philip Morris, so the program opened with a cartoon of Lucy and Ricky climbing down a pack of Philip Morris cigarettes. In the early episodes, Lucy and Ricky, as well as Ethel and Fred on occasion, were shown smoking Philip Morris cigarettes. Lucy even went so far as to parody Johnny Roventini's image as the Philip Morris "bellhop" in the May 5, 1952, episode, "Lucy Does a TV Commercial". Since the original sponsor references were no longer appropriate when the shows went into syndication, a new opening was needed, which resulted in the classic "heart on satin" opening. Other sponsors, whose products appeared during the original openings, were Procter & Gamble for Cheer and Lilt Home Permanent (1954–57), General Foods for Sanka (1955–57), and Ford Motor Company (1956–57). The later Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show was sponsored by Ford Motor Company (1957–58) and Westinghouse Electric Corporation (1958–60), as part of the Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse.

The original openings, with the sponsor names edited out, were revived on TV Land showings, with a TV Land logo superimposed to obscure the original sponsor's logo. However, this has led some people to believe that the restored introduction was created specifically for TV Land as an example of kitsch.

The animated openings, along with the middle commercial introductory animations, are included, fully restored, in the DVDs. However, the openings are listed as special features within the disks with the "heart on satin" image opening the actual episodes.

The complete original broadcast versions of Seasons 1 and 2, as seen in 1951–1953 with intros, closings, and all commercials, are included on their respective Ultimate Season Blu-ray editions.

Theme song

The I Love Lucy theme song was written by two-time Oscar-nominee Eliot Daniel.[59] Lyrics were later written by five-time Oscar-nominee Harold Adamson, for Desi Arnaz to sing in the 1953 episode "Lucy's Last Birthday":[60]

I love Lucy and she loves me.
We're as happy as two can be.
Sometimes we quarrel but then
How we love making up again.

Lucy kisses like no one can.
She's my missus and I'm her man,
And life is heaven you see,
'Cause I love Lucy, Yes I love Lucy, and Lucy loves me!

"I Love Lucy," sung by Desi Arnaz with Paul Weston and the Norman Luboff Choir, was released as the B-side of "There's A Brand New Baby (At Our House)" by Columbia Records (catalog number 39937) in 1953.[61] The song was covered by Michael Franks on the album Dragonfly Summer (1993). In 1977, the Wilton Place Street Band had a Top 40 hit with a disco version of the theme, "Disco Lucy".[62]

Episodes

Main article: List of I Love Lucy episodes
SeriesSeasonEpisodesOriginally airedRankRatingHouseholds
(millions)
First airedLast aired
I Love Lucy135October 15, 1951 (1951-10-15)June 9, 1952 (1952-06-09)350.97.78[63]
231September 15, 1952 (1952-09-15)June 29, 1953 (1953-06-29)167.313.72[64]
331October 5, 1953 (1953-10-05)May 24, 1954 (1954-05-24)158.815.28[65]
430October 4, 1954 (1954-10-04)May 30, 1955 (1955-05-30)149.315.13[66]
526October 3, 1955 (1955-10-03)May 14, 1956 (1956-05-14)246.116.08[67]
627October 1, 1956 (1956-10-01)May 6, 1957 (1957-05-06)143.716.99[68]
The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour15November 6, 1957 (1957-11-06)April 14, 1958 (1958-04-14)———
25October 6, 1958 (1958-10-06)June 5, 1959 (1959-06-05)———
33September 25, 1959 (1959-09-25)April 1, 1960 (1960-04-01)———

Broadcast history

I Love Lucy aired Mondays from 9:00 to 9:30 PM ET on CBS for its entire first run. Each year during its summer hiatus its timeslot was occupied by various summer replacement series. Beginning in April 1955 CBS added reruns from the show's early years to its early evening weekend schedule. This would be the first of several occasions when I Love Lucy reruns would become part of CBS's evening, prime time, and (later on) daytime schedules.[69]

In fall 1967, CBS began offering the series in off-network syndication; As of August 2017, the reruns air on the Hallmark Channel and MeTV networks, and scores of television stations in the U.S. and around the world, including Fox's KTTV/KCOP in Los Angeles until December 31, 2018. It is currently on Paramount+.

In addition, CBS has run numerous specials, including a succession of annual specials which feature episodes which have been newly colorized.

On February 14, 2023, Pluto TV launched a 24-hour I Love Lucy channel in the United States.[70]

Nielsen ratings

The episode "Lucy Goes to the Hospital", which first aired on Monday, January 19, 1953, garnered a then-record rating of 71.7, meaning that 71.7% of all households with television sets were tuned to the program, the equivalent of some 44 million viewers.[71] That record is surpassed only by Elvis Presley's first of three appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show, which aired on September 9, 1956 (82.6% share, 60.710 million viewers and a 57.1 rating ).[71] The overall rating of 67.3 for the entire 1952 season of I Love Lucy continues to be the highest average rating for any single season of a TV show.[72]

Primetime Emmy Awards and nominations

1952
1953
  • Best Situation Comedy—Won
  • Best Comedienne: Lucille Ball—Won
1954
1955
1956
1957
  • Best Continuing Performance by a Comedienne in a Series: Lucille Ball—Nominated (Winner: Nanette Fabray for Caesar's Hour)
  • Best Supporting Performance by an Actor: William Frawley—Nominated (Winner: Carl Reiner for Caesar's Hour)
  • Best Supporting Performance by an Actress: Vivian Vance—Nominated (Winner: Pat Carroll for Caesar's Hour)
1958
  • Best Continuing Performance (Female) in a Series by a Comedienne, Singer, Hostess, Dancer, M.C., Announcer, Narrator, Panelist, or any Person who Essentially Plays Herself: Lucille Ball—Nominated (Winner: Dinah Shore for The Dinah Shore Show)
  • Best Continuing Supporting Performance by an Actor in a Dramatic or Comedy Series: William Frawley—Nominated (Winner: Carl Reiner for Caesar's Hour)
  • Best Continuing Supporting Performance by an Actress in a Dramatic or Comedy Series: Vivian Vance—Nominated (Winner: Ann B. Davis for The Bob Cummings Show)

In other media

Radio

There was some thought about creating an I Love Lucy radio show to run in conjunction with the television series as was being done at the time with the CBS hit show Our Miss Brooks. On February 27, 1952, a sample I Love Lucy radio show was produced, but it never aired. This was a pilot episode, created by editing the soundtrack of the television episode "Breaking the Lease", with added Arnaz narration (in character as Ricky Ricardo). It included commercials for Philip Morris, which sponsored the television series. While it never aired on radio at the time in the 1950s (Philip Morris eventually sponsored a radio edition of My Little Margie instead), copies of this radio pilot episode have been circulating among "old time radio" collectors for years, and this radio pilot episode has aired in more recent decades on numerous local radio stations that air some "old time radio" programming.[73]

Merchandise

Ball and Arnaz authorized various types of I Love Lucy merchandise. Beginning in November 1952, I Love Lucy dolls, manufactured by the American Character Doll Company,[74] were sold. Adult-size I Love Lucy pajamas and a bedroom set were also produced; all of these items appeared on the show.

  •  

    I Love Lucy doll

  •  

    I Love Lucy bedroom set

  •  

    I Love Lucy pajamas

Comic book and comic strip

Dell Comics published 35 issues of an I Love Lucy comic book between 1954 and 1962 including two try-out Four Color issues (#535 and #559). King Features syndicated a comic strip (written by Lawrence Nadel and drawn by Bob Oksner, jointly credited as "Bob Lawrence") from 1952 to 1955.[75][76] Eternity Comics in the early 1990s issued comic books that reprinted the strip and Dell comic book series.

After I Love Lucy

Main article: The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour

Hour-long format

 
The first 1-hour episode, "Lucy Takes a Cruise to Havana," is an extended flashback of how Lucy met Ricky. L-R: Ann Sothern, Rudy Vallee, Lucille Ball, Desi Arnaz, Cesar Romero, Vivian Vance and William Frawley (1957)

After the conclusion of the sixth season of I Love Lucy, the Arnazes decided to cut down on the number of episodes that were filmed. Renamed The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show, also known as The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour, the program was extended to an hour and included guest stars in each episode. Thirteen episodes aired from 1957 to 1960. The main cast, Lucille Ball, Desi Arnaz, Vivian Vance, William Frawley and Little Ricky/Richard Keith (birth name Keith Thibodeaux) were all in the show. The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour is available on DVD, released as I Love Lucy: The Final Seasons 7, 8, & 9. On March 2, 1960, Arnaz's birthday, the day after the last hour-long episode was filmed, Ball filed for divorce from Arnaz.[citation needed]

Vivian Vance and William Frawley

As previously mentioned, Vance and Frawley were offered a chance to take their characters to their own spin-off series. Frawley was willing, but Vance refused to ever work with Frawley again since the two did not get along. Frawley did appear once more with Lucille Ball — in an episode of The Lucy Show in 1965, which did not include Vance (who by then had ceased to be a regular on that show). This was his last screen appearance with Ball. Frawley died in Hollywood on March 3, 1966, of a heart attack at age 79.

Lucille Ball's subsequent network shows

In 1962, Ball began a six-year run with The Lucy Show, followed immediately in 1968 by six more years on a third sitcom, Here's Lucy, ending her regular appearances on CBS in 1974. Both The Lucy Show and Here's Lucy included Vance as recurring characters named Viv (Vivian Bagley Bunson on The Lucy Show and Vivian Jones on Here's Lucy), so named because she was tired of being recognized on the street and addressed as "Ethel". Vance was a regular during the first three seasons of The Lucy Show but continued to make guest appearances through the years on The Lucy Show, and on Here's Lucy. In 1977, Vance and Ball were reunited one last time in the CBS special, Lucy Calls the President,[77] which co-starred Gale Gordon (whom Ball had known for very many years by 1977 and who had appeared as a regular on her television shows since 1963; becoming even more prominent once Vance left The Lucy Show in 1965.)

In 1986, Ball tried another sitcom, Life with Lucy. The series debuted on ABC to solid ratings, landing in Nielsen's Top 25 for the week. Its ratings quickly declined, however, and resulted in a cancellation after eight episodes.

Legacy, critical acclaim and other honors

In 1989, the never-seen pilot episode was discovered and revealed in a CBS television special, hosted by Lucie Arnaz, becoming the highest rated program of the season.

In 2012, Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club wrote retrospectively:[78]

I Love Lucy […] is one of the two foundational texts of American TV comedy, along with The Honeymooners. The series is legitimately the most influential in TV history, pioneering so many innovations and normalizing so many others that it would be easy to write an appreciation of simply, say, the show’s accidental invention of the TV rerun.

I Love Lucy continues to be held in high esteem by television critics, and remains perennially popular. It was one of the first American programs seen on British television — which became more open to commerce with the September 1955 launch of ITV, a commercial network that aired the series; in 1982, the launch of a second terrestrial TV station devoted to advertising funded broadcasting (Channel 4) saw the show introduced to a new generation of fans in the UK, with the Channel 4 network repeating the program several times between 1983 and 1994. As of January 2015, meanwhile, it remains the longest-running program to air continuously in the Los Angeles area, almost 60 years after production ended. However, the series is currently aired on KTTV on weekends and now KCOP on weekdays because both stations are a duopoly. KTTV was the original CBS affiliated station in Los Angeles until 1951, just before I Love Lucy premiered on KNXT Channel 2 (now KCBS-TV) when CBS bought that station the same year. In the US, reruns have aired nationally on TBS (1980s–1990s), Nick at Nite (1994–2001) and TV Land (2001–2008) in addition to local channels. TV Land ended its run of the series by giving viewers the opportunity to vote on the show's top 25 greatest episodes on December 31, 2008, through the network's website. Unlike some shows to which a cable channel is given exclusive rights to maximize ratings, I Love Lucy has been consistently broadcast on multiple channels simultaneously. Hallmark Channel is now the home for I Love Lucy in the United States, with the show having moved to the network on January 2, 2009, while the national version of Weigel Broadcasting's MeTV digital subchannel network has carried the program since its debut on December 15, 2010, depending on the market (in markets where another station holds the rights, The Lucy Show is substituted). The show is seen on Fox Classics in Australia.

In addition to Primetime Emmy Awards and nominations, I Love Lucy's many honors include the following:

  • The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center in Jamestown, New York is a museum memorializing Lucy and I Love Lucy, including replicas of the NYC apartment set (located in the Desilu Playhouse facility in the Rapaport Center).[79]
  • In 1990, I Love Lucy became the first television show to be inducted into the Television Hall of Fame.[80]
  • In 1997, the episodes "Lucy Does a TV Commercial" and "Lucy's Italian Movie" were respectively ranked No. 2 and No. 18 on TV Guide's list of the 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time.[81]
  • In 1999, Entertainment Weekly ranked the birth of Little Ricky as the fifth greatest moment in television history.[82]
  • In 2002, TV Guide ranked I Love Lucy No. 2 on its list of the 50 greatest shows, behind Seinfeld and ahead of The Honeymooners[83] (According to TV Guide columnist Matt Roush, there was a "passionate" internal debate about whether I Love Lucy should have been first instead of Seinfeld. He stated that this was the main source of controversy in putting together the list.[84])
  • In 2007, Time magazine placed the show on its unranked list of the 100 best television shows.[85]
  • In 2012, I Love Lucy was ranked the Best TV Comedy and the Best TV Show in Best in TV: The Greatest TV Shows of Our Time.[86]
  • In 2013, TV Guide ranked I Love Lucy as the third greatest show of all time.[87]
  • A 2015 The Hollywood Reporter survey of 2,800 actors, producers, directors, and other industry people named I Love Lucy as their #8 favorite show.[88]

Documentary and dramatizations

On April 28, 1990, CBS aired a television movie titled I Love Lucy: The Very First Show hosted by Lucie Arnaz, daughter of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz, with commentary that showed the original unaired pilot episode of I Love Lucy that was produced by Ball and Desi Arnaz themselves and found after 40 years. The movie was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award as an "Outstanding Informational Special".[89][90]

On February 10, 1991, CBS aired a television movie titled Lucy & Desi: Before the Laughter, about the lives of Ball and Desi Arnaz. The movie recreated a number of scenes from classic I Love Lucy episodes, including "Lucy Thinks Ricky Is Trying to Murder Her" and "Lucy Does a TV Commercial". Frances Fisher starred as Ball and Maurice Benard as Desi Arnaz.[91]

On May 4, 2003, CBS aired a television movie titled Lucy, portraying the life of Ball and recreating a number of scenes from classic I Love Lucy episodes, including "Lucy Does a TV Commercial", "Lucy Is Enceinte", and "Job Switching". Near the end of the movie, a selection of TV Guide covers is seen in a hallway, showing I Love Lucy franchises on their covers. Also included is close-up of a New York Post article about the birth of Little Ricky. Rachel York starred as Ball and Danny Pino as Desi Arnaz.[92]

In October 2011, the stage play I Love Lucy Live on Stage premiered to sold-out houses at the Greenway Court Theatre in Los Angeles. Staged and directed by Rick Sparks, the show featured the performance of two I Love Lucy episodes – "The Benefit" and "Lucy Has Her Eyes Examined", presented to the theatre audience as though they were attending a filming at the Desilu Playhouse in the 1950s. In 2012, the show began a national tour which lasted until 2015.[93]

In July 2018, I Love Lucy: A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Sitcom, a behind-the-scenes comedy about I Love Lucy by Gregg Oppenheimer (son of series creator Jess Oppenheimer), had its world premiere in a Los Angeles production by L.A. Theatre Works. Recorded before a live audience at the James Bridges Theater, UCLA, the production, directed by Michael Hackett, aired on public radio and was released on Audio CD and as a downloadable mp3 in September of that year.[94] The performance starred Sarah Drew as Ball, Oscar Nuñez as Desi Arnaz, and Seamus Dever as Oppenheimer.[95] A version by Jarvis & Ayres Productions was aired in August 2020 on BBC Radio 4, starring Anne Heche as Ball, Wilmer Valderamma as Desi Arnaz, Jared Harris as Oppenheimer, Stacy Keach as William Frawley, and Alfred Molina as CBS Executive Harry Ackerman.[48] In January 2023, L.A. Theatre Works mounted a 22-city U.S. national tour of the play under the title LUCY LOVES DESI: A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Sitcom.[96]

In the spring of 2020 NBC's sitcom Will & Grace paid tribute to I Love Lucy with a special episode titled "We Love Lucy".[97] During the episode Lucy and Ricky Ricardo, along with Ethel and Fred Mertz, appear in dream sequences based on scenes from the 1951 CBS series. Lucie Arnaz made a cameo in the episode in the role originated in the "Job Switching" episode by actress Elvia Allman as the Factory Foreperson.[98]

In 2021, Being the Ricardos, a film written and directed by Aaron Sorkin, about the relationship between I Love Lucy stars Ball and Desi Arnaz was released. Nicole Kidman and Javier Bardem star as Ball and Desi Arnaz, while J. K. Simmons, Nina Arianda, Tony Hale, Alia Shawkat, Jake Lacy, and Clark Gregg are featured in supporting roles. It received a limited theatrical release by Amazon Studios in the United States on December 10, 2021, prior to streaming worldwide on Prime Video on December 21, 2021.[99] Amy Poehler made the documentary Lucy and Desi which was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Documentary/Nonfiction Program.[100]

In color

 
"Lucy Goes to Scotland" (1956), the first episode to be digitally colorized

Several classic episodes of I Love Lucy have been colorized. Star and producer Desi Arnaz had expressed interest in airing the show in color as early as 1955, but the cost of such a presentation was prohibitive at the time.

The first episode to be colorized was the Christmas special, which had been feared to be lost for many years, as it was not included in the regular syndication package with the rest of the series. A copy was discovered in 1989 in the CBS vaults[101] and was aired by CBS during December of that year in its original black-and-white format. In 1990, this episode was again aired in the days prior to Christmas, but this time the framing sequence was in color, while the clips from earlier episodes remained in black and white. The special performed surprisingly well in the ratings during both years, and aired on CBS each December through 1994.

In 2007, as the "Complete Series" DVD set was being prepared for release, DVD producer Gregg Oppenheimer decided to have the episode "Lucy Goes to Scotland" digitally colorized (referencing color publicity stills and color "home movies" taken on the set during production), making it the first I Love Lucy episode to be fully colorized. Four years later, Time Life released the "Lucy's Italian Movie" episode for the first time in full color as part of the "Essential 'I Love Lucy'" collection.

The colorized "Lucy Goes to Scotland" episode has never aired on television, but that episode, along with the Christmas special and "Lucy's Italian Movie", were packaged together on the 2013 "I Love Lucy Colorized Christmas" DVD.[102] In 2014, Target stores sold an exclusive version of the DVD that also included "Job Switching".[103]

Annual colorized specials

On December 20, 2013, CBS revived an annual holiday tradition when it reaired the Christmas special for the first time in nearly two decades. The Christmas special's framing sequence was colorized anew. The network paired this special with the color version of "Lucy's Italian Movie" episode.[104][105] This special attracted 8.7 million people.[106] Nearly a year later, on December 7, 2014, the Christmas special was again aired on CBS, but this time paired with the popular episode "Job Switching", which was newly colorized for that broadcast.[107] That episode appeared on the "I Love Lucy: The Ultimate Season 2" Blu-ray edition released on August 4, 2015. CBS aired the Christmas special again on December 23, 2015, with the flashback scenes being colorized for the first time, and with a colorized "Lucy Does a TV Commercial" replacing "Job Switching".[108][109] CBS next aired the Christmas special on December 2, 2016, this time paired with the newly colorized "Lucy Gets in Pictures".[110] On December 22, 2017, the Christmas episode was followed by a newly colorized episode, "The Fashion Show".[111] On December 14, 2018, the Christmas episode was paired with a newly colorized episode, "Pioneer Women".[112]

On May 17, 2015, CBS began a new springtime tradition when it aired two newly colorized episodes in an "I Love Lucy Superstar Special" consisting of "L.A. at Last" and "Lucy and Superman",[113] which attracted 6.4 million viewers.[114] A DVD of this special was released on October 4, 2016.[115] A second "Superstar Special" containing the newly colorized two-part episode "Lucy Visits Grauman's" and "Lucy and John Wayne" aired on May 20, 2016[116] and was released on DVD on January 17, 2017.[117] A third "Superstar Special" aired on May 19, 2017, featuring two more newly colorized Hollywood-based episodes: "The Dancing Star" featuring Van Johnson, and "Harpo Marx".[118] A two-episode "Funny Money Special" was introduced on April 19, 2019, featuring the episodes "The Million-Dollar Idea" and "Bonus Bucks", both from early 1954.[119] On December 20, 2019, CBS aired its annual I Love Lucy Christmas episode along with a new colorized episode, "Paris At Last". The I Love Lucy Christmas Special scored a 4.9 million in the ratings, becoming the night's most-watched show on television.[120]

Colorized feature film

On August 6, 2019, Ball's would-be 108th birthday, a one-night-only event took place in movie theaters around the United States, I Love Lucy: A Colorized Celebration, a feature film consisting of five colorized episodes, three of which contain never-before-seen content. The episodes included are: "The Million Dollar Idea" (1954), "Lucy Does a TV Commercial" (1952), "Pioneer Women" (1952), "Job Switching" (1952) and "L.A. at Last!" (1955). A short documentary on the colorization process of the episodes was also included.[121] The film proved to be very successful, grossing $777,645 from 660 theaters across the country, coming in at #6 at the domestic box office and beating Disney's Aladdin.[122]

Home media

Beginning in the summer of 2001, Columbia House Television began releasing I Love Lucy on DVD in chronological order. They began that summer with the pilot and the first three episodes on a single DVD. Every six weeks, another volume of four episodes would be released on DVD in chronological order. During the summer of 2002, each DVD would contain between five and seven episodes on a single DVD. They continued to release the series very slowly and would not even begin to release any season 2 episodes until the middle of 2002. By the spring of 2003, the third season on DVD began to be released with about six episodes released every six weeks to mail order subscribers. All these DVDs have the identical features as the DVDs eventually released in the season box sets in retail.

By the fall of 2003, season four episodes began to be offered by mail. By the spring of 2004 season five DVDs with about six episodes each began to be released gradually. Columbia House ended the distribution of these mail order DVDs in the Winter of 2005. They began releasing complete season sets in the Summer of 2004 every few months. They stated that Columbia House Subscribers would get these episodes through mail before releasing any box sets with the same episodes. They finally ended gradual subscriptions in 2005, several months before season 5 became available in retail. Columbia House then began to make season box sets available instead of these single volumes.

CBS DVD (distributed by Paramount) has released all six seasons of I Love Lucy on DVD in Region 1, as well as all 13 episodes of The Lucy and Desi Comedy Hour (as I Love Lucy: The Final Seasons – 7, 8, & 9). Bonus features include rare on-set color footage and the "Desilu/Westinghouse" promotional film, as well as deleted scenes, original openings and interstitials (before they were altered or replaced for syndication) and on-air flubs. These DVDs offered identical features and identical content to the mail order single sets formerly available until 2005. [123]

In December 2013, the first high-definition release of I Love Lucy was announced, with the Blu-ray edition of the first season, scheduled for May 5, 2014.[124] The Second Season Ultimate Blu-ray was released on August 4, 2015.

Release Ep # DVD release date Blu-ray release date
The Complete 1st Season 35 September 23, 2003
(re-released June 7, 2005)
(re-released October 9, 2012) 		May 6, 2014
The Complete 2nd Season 31 August 31, 2004
(re-released October 9, 2012) 		August 4, 2015[125]
The Complete 3rd Season 31 February 1, 2005
(re-released October 9, 2012)
The Complete 4th Season[126] 30 May 3, 2005
(re-released October 9, 2012)
The Complete 5th Season 26 August 16, 2005
(re-released November 6, 2012)
The Complete 6th Season 27 May 2, 2006
(re-released November 6, 2012)
The Final Seasons 7, 8 & 9 13 March 13, 2007
(re-released November 6, 2012)
The Complete Series[127] 193 October 23, 2007
(re-released November 3, 2015)

Other releases

  • I Love Lucy's Zany Road Trip: California Here We Come!, a compilation of 27 episodes, released by CBS/FOX Video on VHS in 1992[128]
  • "I Love Lucy – Season 1" (9 separate discs labeled "Volumes", the first volume released July 2, 2002, final volume released September 23, 2003)
  • "I Love Lucy – Season 1" (9 Volumes in a box set, released September 23, 2003)
  • "I Love Lucy – 50th Anniversary Special" (1 disc, released October 1, 2002)
  • "I Love Lucy: The Movie and Other Great Rarities" (1 disc, released April 27, 2010)[129] (Also included as a bonus disc in the complete series set.)
  • "The Best of I Love Lucy" (2 discs: 14 episodes, released in June 2011 in conjunction with the 60th anniversary of the series and Lucille Ball's 100th birthday; sold exclusively through Target.)[130]

The DVD releases feature the syndicated heart-opening and offer the original broadcast openings as bonus features. Season 6 allows viewers to choose whether to watch the episodes with the original opening or the syndicated opening. The TV Land openings are not on these DVDs.

Initially, the first season was offered in volumes, with four episodes per disc. After the success of releasing seasons 2, 3, and 4 in slim packs, the first season was re-released as a seven-disc set, requiring new discs to be mastered and printed to include more episodes per disc so there would be fewer discs in the set. For the complete series box set, the first season would be redone again, this time to six DVDs, retaining all bonus features. The individual volume discs for the first season are still in print, but are rare for lack of shelf space and because the slim packs are more popular. In 2012, all-season sets were reissued in slipcovered clear standard-sized Amaray DVD cases, with season 1 being the 6-disc version as opposed to the 7-disc version.

Episodes feature English closed-captioning, but only Spanish subtitles.

In Australia and the UK, the first three seasons were finally released in Region 2 & Region 4 on August 3, 2010, by CBS, distributed by Paramount. Season 1 includes the pilot and all 35 Season 1 episodes in a 7-disc set. Season 2 includes all 31 Season 2 episodes in a 5-disc set. Season 3 includes all 31 Season 3 episodes in a 5-disc set. Season 2 and 3 are in a slimline pack. All three seasons have been restored and digitally remastered. All episodes appear in order of their original air dates, although it states that some episodes may be edited from their original network versions. It is unknown if the remaining seasons will be released individually. A complete series box set titled I Love Lucy: Complete Collection was scheduled for release on April 6, 2016, and in the UK on May 30, 2016.[131] This collection contains 34 DVDs with all six seasons of I Love Lucy and all 13 episodes of The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour.

In September 2018, Time-Life released a DVD, Lucy: The Ultimate Collection, which collected 76 episodes of I Love Lucy, The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour, The Lucy Show, Here's Lucy, and the short-lived ABC-TV series Life with Lucy (which had at the time never before been released to home media), plus a wide variety of bonus features.[132][133]

A DVD collection, I Love Lucy: Colorized Collection was released on August 13, 2019. It contains every colorized episode of I Love Lucy aired to date of the set's release date.[134] Due to a delay or possible all out cancellation of any future colorized releases, this means that "Paris at Last", which aired as part of the December 2019 edition of the Christmas Special after the colorized DVD collection had been released, is the only colorized episode currently not to be available on home media.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ This total includes the "lost" Christmas episode but not the original pilot.

References

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Further reading

  • Garner, Joe (2002). Stay Tuned: Television's Unforgettable Moments (Andrews McMeel Publishing) ISBN 0-7407-2693-5
  • Andrews, Bart (1976). The 'I Love Lucy' Book (Doubleday & Company, Inc.)
  • Sanders, Coyne Steven; Gilbert, Tom (1993). Desilu: The Story of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz (William Morrow & Company, Inc.)
  • McClay, Michael (1995). I Love Lucy: The Complete Picture History of the Most Popular TV Show Ever (Kensington Publishing Corp.)
  • Oppenheimer, Jess; with Oppenheimer, Gregg (1996). Laughs, Luck...and Lucy: How I Came to Create the Most Popular Sitcom of All Time (Syracuse Univ. Press) ISBN 978-0-8156-0584-3
  • Pérez Firmat, Gustavo. "I Love Ricky," in Life on the Hyphen: The Cuban-American Way. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1994. Rpt. 1996, 1999. Revised and expanded edition, 2012.
  • Pérez Firmat, Gustavo. "Cuba in Apt. 3-B," in The Havana Habit. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2010.
  • Karol, Michael; (2008). Lucy A to Z: The Lucille Ball Encyclopedia (iUniverse) ISBN 978-0-5952-9761-0
  • Edelman; Rob; Kupferberg, Audrey (1999). Meet the Mertzes (Renaissance Books)

External links

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to I Love Lucy.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to I Love Lucy.

June 22, 2023
love, lucy, american, television, sitcom, that, originally, aired, from, october, 1951, 1957, with, total, half, hour, episodes, spanning, seasons, show, starred, lucille, ball, husband, desi, arnaz, along, with, vivian, vance, william, frawley, series, follow. I Love Lucy is an American television sitcom that originally aired on CBS from October 15 1951 to May 6 1957 with a total of 180 half hour episodes spanning six seasons 2 The show starred Lucille Ball her husband Desi Arnaz along with Vivian Vance and William Frawley The series follows the life of Lucy Ricardo Ball a young middle class housewife living in New York City who often concocts plans with her best friends and landlords Ethel and Fred Mertz Vance and Frawley to appear alongside her bandleader husband Ricky Ricardo Arnaz in his nightclub Lucy is depicted trying numerous schemes to mingle with and be a part of show business After the series ended in 1957 a modified version of the show continued for three more seasons with 13 one hour specials which ran from 1957 to 1960 It was first known as The Lucille Ball Desi Arnaz Show and later in reruns as The Lucy Desi Comedy Hour I Love LucyLogo from the syndicated editionGenreSitcomStarringLucille Ball Desi Arnaz Vivian Vance William Frawley Richard KeithTheme music composerEliot Daniel music Harold Adamson lyrics ComposersEliot Daniel Wilbur Hatch Marco RizoCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languagesEnglish SpanishNo of seasons6No of episodes180 a list of episodes ProductionExecutive producerDesi ArnazProducerJess OppenheimerProduction locationsDesilu Studios Los AngelesCamera setupMulti cameraRunning time23 26 minutesProduction companyDesilu ProductionsReleaseOriginal networkCBS 1 Picture formatBlack and white filmAudio formatMonauralOriginal releaseOctober 15 1951 1951 10 15 May 6 1957 1957 05 06 RelatedThe Lucy Desi Comedy HourI Love Lucy became the most watched show in the United States in four of its six seasons and it was the first to end its run at the top of the Nielsen ratings 3 As of 2011 episodes of the show have been syndicated in dozens of languages across the world and remain popular with an American audience of 40 million each year 4 5 6 A colorized version of its Christmas episode attracted more than eight million viewers when CBS aired it in prime time in 2013 62 years after the show premiered CBS has aired two to three colorized episodes each year since then once at Christmas and again in the spring 7 The show which was the first scripted television program to be shot on 35 mm film in front of a studio audience by cinematographer Karl Freund won five Emmy Awards and received many nominations and honors It was the first show to feature an ensemble cast 8 As such it is often regarded as both one of the greatest and most influential sitcoms in history In 2012 it was voted the Best TV Show of All Time in a survey conducted by ABC News and People magazine 9 In 2013 the Writers Guild of America ranked it 12 on their list of the 101 Best Written TV Series 10 Contents 1 Premise 2 Cast 2 1 Primary production team 3 Background and development 3 1 Production 3 2 The Mertzes 3 3 Pregnancy and Little Ricky 3 4 Opening 3 5 Theme song 4 Episodes 4 1 Broadcast history 4 2 Nielsen ratings 5 Primetime Emmy Awards and nominations 6 In other media 6 1 Radio 6 2 Merchandise 6 3 Comic book and comic strip 7 After I Love Lucy 7 1 Hour long format 7 2 Vivian Vance and William Frawley 7 3 Lucille Ball s subsequent network shows 7 4 Legacy critical acclaim and other honors 7 5 Documentary and dramatizations 8 In color 8 1 Annual colorized specials 8 2 Colorized feature film 9 Home media 9 1 Other releases 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External linksPremise EditOriginally set in an apartment building in New York City I Love Lucy centers on Lucy Ricardo Lucille Ball and her singer bandleader husband Ricky Ricardo Desi Arnaz along with their best friends and landlords Fred Mertz William Frawley and Ethel Mertz Vivian Vance During the second season Lucy and Ricky have a son named Ricky Ricardo Jr Little Ricky whose birth was timed to coincide with Ball s real life birth of her son Desi Arnaz Jr 11 Lucy is naive and ambitious with a zeal for stardom and a knack for getting both herself and her husband into trouble whenever she yearns to make it in show business The Ricardos best friends Fred and Ethel are former vaudevillians The Mertz s history in entertainment only strengthens Lucy s resolve to prove herself as a performer though she often feels excluded as her industry involvement is limited relative to that of Ricky Fred and Ethel Though charismatic throughout the series she is depicted as having few marketable performance skills and she is often portrayed as being tone deaf struggling to sing anything other than off key renditions of songs such as Glow Worm on the saxophone and many of her performances end in disaster However to say she is completely without talent would be untrue as on occasion she is shown to be a good dancer and a competent singer She is also at least twice offered contracts by television or film companies first in the season 1 episode The Audition when she replaces an injured clown in Ricky s act at the Tropicana nightclub and later in the season 5 episode Lucy and the Dummy when she dances in Hollywood for a studio party using a rubber Ricky dummy as her dancing partner Little information was offered about Lucy s past A few episodes mentioned that she was born in Jamestown New York Ball s real life home town later specified to be West Jamestown that she graduated from Jamestown High School that her maiden name was McGillicuddy indicating a Scottish or Irish ethnicity at least on her father s side though she once mentioned her grandmother was Swedish and that she met Ricky on a boat cruise with her friend from an agency she once worked for Her family was absent other than occasional appearances by her scatter brained mother Mrs McGillicuddy Kathryn Card who could never get Ricky s name right Lucy was also secretive about her age and true hair color and tended to be careless with money in addition to being somewhat materialistic insisting on buying new dresses and hats for every occasion and telling old friends that she and Ricky were wealthy She was also depicted as a devoted housewife adept cook and attentive mother As part of Lucy s role was to care for her husband she stayed at home and took care of the household chores while her husband Ricky went to work 12 During the post war era Lucy took jobs outside of the home but in these jobs the show portrayed her as being inept outside of her usual domestic duties 13 Lucy and Ricky climb in the Alps during their 1956 trip to Europe Lucy s husband Ricky Ricardo is an up and coming Cuban American singer and bandleader with an excitable personality His patience is frequently tested by his wife s antics trying to get into showbiz along with her exorbitant spending on clothes and furniture When exasperated he often reverts to speaking rapidly in Spanish As with Lucy not much is revealed about his past or family Ricky s mother played by actress Mary Emery appears in two episodes in another Lucy mentions that he has five brothers Ricky also mentions that he had been practically raised by his Uncle Alberto who was seen during a family visit to Cuba and that he had attended the University of Havana An extended flashback segment in the 1957 episode Lucy Takes a Cruise to Havana of The Lucille Ball Desi Arnaz Show filled in numerous details of how Lucy and Ricky met and how Ricky came to the United States The story at least insofar as related to newspaper columnist Hedda Hopper is that the couple met in Havana when Lucy and the Mertzes vacationed there in 1940 Despite his being a university graduate and proficient in English Ricky is portrayed as a driver of a horse drawn cab who waits for fares at a pier where tourists arrive by ship Ricky is hired to serve as one of Lucy s tour guides and the two fall in love Having coincidentally also met popular singer Rudy Vallee on the cruise ship Lucy arranges an audition for Ricky who is hired to be in Vallee s orchestra thus allowing him to emigrate to the United States on the very ship on which Lucy and the Mertzes were returning Lucy later states that Ricky played for Vallee only one night before being traded to Xavier Cugat s orchestra The extended flashback segment Lucy Takes a Cruise to Havana and the story of how Lucy and Ricky met is inconsistent with the season 4 episode Don Juan and the Starlets At one point in that episode Lucy after finding out that she was not invited to join Ricky at a movie premiere bemoans that she made a mistake fifteen years before when her friend Marion Strong asked her if she would like to go on a blind date with a Cuban drummer to which she said yes Throughout the series Lucy is usually found with her best friend Ethel A former model from Albuquerque New Mexico Ethel tries to relive her glory days in vaudeville Ricky is more inclined to include Ethel in performances at his nightclub because unlike Lucy she can sing and dance rather well The show mentions that Ethel s husband Fred served in World War I and lived through the Great Depression As such in the series Fred is depicted as being very stingy with money and as being an irascible no nonsense type However he also reveals that he can be a soft touch especially when it comes to Little Ricky to whom Fred is both godfather and honorary uncle Fred can also sing and dance and he often performs duets with Ethel The Manhattan building they all lived in before their move to Westport Connecticut during the sixth season was addressed at a fictional 623 East 68th Street at first in apartment 4A then moving to the larger apartment 3B subsequently re designated 3D the Mertzes apartment is then numbered 3B on the Upper East Side of Manhattan In actuality however the addresses go up only to the 500s before the street terminates at the East River Cast Edit Cast members from left standing William Frawley Desi Arnaz seated Vivian Vance and Lucille Ball Mike left and Joe Mayer played Little Ricky as a toddler Lucille Ball as Lucille Esmeralda Lucy McGillicuddy Ricardo Desi Arnaz as Enrique Alberto Fernando y de Acha Ricky Ricardo III Vivian Vance as Ethel Mae Potter Mertz alternately Ethel Louise and Ethel Roberta William Frawley as Frederick Fred Eedee Hobart Mertz Richard Keith as Enrique Alberto Fernando y de Acha Ricardo IV Ricky Ricardo Jr Twins Mike Mayer and Joe Mayer played Little Ricky as a toddler Kathryn Card as Lucy s mother Mrs McGillicuddy also Minnie Finch in the earlier episode Fan Magazine Interview Mary Jane Croft as Betty Ramsey and various characters Frank Nelson as Freddie Fillmore and various characters Jerry Hausner as Ricky s agent Jerry also Joe in Lucy Does a TV Commercial Doris Singleton as Carolyn Appleby she was originally named Lillian but after Singleton s first appearance in The Club Election her name was changed to Carolyn Shirley Mitchell as Marion Strong a role originated by Margie Liszt Elizabeth Patterson as Mrs Matilda Trumbull also Mrs Willoughby in the earlier episode The Marriage License Bob Jellison as Bobby the Bellboy in the Hollywood episodes also Milkman in the earlier episode The Gossip Ross Elliott as Ricky s Publicity Man in the Hollywood episodes also The Director in the earlier episode Lucy Does a TV Commercial Gale Gordon and Bea Benaderet supporting cast members on My Favorite Husband were originally approached for the roles of Fred and Ethel but neither could accept owing to previous commitments Gordon did appear as a guest star in three episodes playing Ricky s boss Mr Littlefield in two episodes and later in an episode of The Lucille Ball Desi Arnaz Show as a civil court judge Gordon was a veteran from the classic radio days in which he perfected the role of the exasperated character as in Fibber McGee and Molly and Our Miss Brooks He would go on to co star with Ball in all of her post I Love Lucy series The Lucy Show Here s Lucy and Life with Lucy Benaderet was a guest star in one episode as elderly Miss Lewis a neighbor of the Ricardos Barbara Pepper later featured as Doris Ziffel in the series Green Acres was also considered to play Ethel but Pepper had been drinking very heavily after the death of her husband Craig W Reynolds Her friendship with Ball dated back to the film Roman Scandals 1933 in which both appeared as Goldwyn Girls She did however turn up in at least nine episodes of I Love Lucy in bit parts 14 Many of the characters in the series were named after Ball s family members or close friends For example Marion Strong was one of her best friends and a roommate for a time in New York and she also set Ball and Arnaz up on their first date Lillian Appleby was a teacher of Ball s when she was in an amateur production on the stage Additionally Pauline Lopus was a childhood friend while Fred was the name of both her brother and grandfather Ball and Arnaz had a business manager by the name of Mr Andrew Hickox and in the first episode of season 4 called The Business Manager Lucy and Ricky hire a man named Mr Hickox Primary production team Edit Directors Marc Daniels 33 episodes 1951 53 William Asher 101 episodes 1952 57 James V Kern 39 episodes 1955 57 Producers Jess Oppenheimer 153 episodes 1951 56 Desi Arnaz exec producer 124 episodes 1952 56 producer 26 episodes 1956 57 Writers Jess Oppenheimer head writer seasons 1 5 Madelyn Pugh Davis and Bob Carroll Jr All Seasons including Lucy Desi Comedy Hour Bob Schiller and Bob Weiskopf Seasons 5 6 and Lucy Desi Comedy Hour Original Music Wilbur Hatch 33 episodes 1951 54 Eliot Daniel 135 episodes 1952 57 Marco Rizo 1951 1957 Cinematography Karl Freund 149 episodes 1951 56 Costume design Elois Jenssen 57 episodes 1953 55 Edward Stevenson 66 episodes 1955 60 Editors Dann Cahn Bud MolinBackground and development EditLucille Ball came to Hollywood after a successful stint as a New York model She was chosen by Samuel Goldwyn to be one of 16 Goldwyn Girls to co star in the picture Roman Scandals 1933 with film star Eddie Cantor 15 Enthusiastic and hard working Ball had been able to secure film work briefly at the Samuel Goldwyn Studio and Columbia Pictures and then eventually at RKO Radio Pictures It was at RKO that Ball received steady film work first as an extra and bit player and eventually working her way up to co starring roles in feature films and starring roles in second rate B pictures collectively earning her the nickname Queen of the B s 16 17 During her run at RKO Ball gained the reputation for doing physical comedy and stunts that most other actresses avoided keeping her steadily employed In 1940 Ball met Desi Arnaz a Cuban bandleader who had just come off a successful run in the 1939 40 Broadway show Too Many Girls RKO after purchasing film rights to the show cast Ball as Arnaz s love interest in the picture 18 The duo began a whirlwind courtship leading to their elopement in Connecticut in November 1940 Despite their marriage however their careers kept them separated with Ball s film work keeping her anchored in Hollywood while Arnaz s nightclub engagements with his orchestra kept him on the road Despite steadily working in pictures Ball s movie career never advanced to the level of a headlining feature film actress Nevertheless she remained popular with film audiences Ball came to the attention of Metro Goldwyn Mayer after receiving critical acclaim for her starring role in the 1942 Damon Runyon film The Big Street which bought out her contract 19 It was under contract with MGM however that Ball who had previously been a blonde dyed her hair red to complement the Technicolor features that MGM planned to use her in citation needed MGM cast Ball in a variety of films but it was her work with fellow comedian Red Skelton in the 1943 film DuBarry Was a Lady that brought Ball s physical comedy to the forefront earning her the reputation as that crazy redhead which Ricky would later call her on the show 20 Nonetheless Ball s striking beauty was in sharp contrast to the physical antics she performed in her films Throughout her career MGM tried to utilize her in multiple different film genres that did little to highlight her skills Given their difficulties in casting her MGM chose not to renew her contract when it expired in 1946 21 Ball began working as a freelance artist in films and also began to explore other venues 21 Before and during World War II Ball made several notable and successful guest appearances on several radio programs including both Jack Haley s radio show and bandleader Kay Kyser s radio program 22 23 These appearances brought Ball to the attention of CBS which in 1948 enlisted her to star in one of two new half hour situation comedies in development Our Miss Brooks and My Favorite Husband Choosing the latter Ball portrayed Liz Cugat later anglicized to Cooper the frustrated and scheming housewife of a Minneapolis banker played originally by actor Lee Bowman in the series pilot and later by actor Richard Denning Based on the novel Mr and Mrs Cugat by Isabel Scott Rorick My Favorite Husband was produced by Jess Oppenheimer and written by Oppenheimer plus scribes Madelyn Pugh and Bob Carroll Jr Premiering on July 23 1948 and sponsored by General Foods Husband became a hit for CBS 24 During the run of the radio program Ball also appeared in two feature films with Bob Hope Sorrowful Jones in 1949 and Fancy Pants in 1950 Both films were box office and critical successes 25 26 further cementing Ball s reputation as a top notch first rate comedian They also highlighted her growing popularity with audiences enticing CBS to further use her skills In 1950 CBS asked Ball to take My Favorite Husband to television with co star Richard Denning 27 Ball saw a television show as a great opportunity to work with Arnaz however and she insisted that he play her husband much to the dismay of CBS which was reluctant to cast Arnaz in that role as he was Cuban 28 CBS executives did not think audiences would buy into a marriage between an all American girl and a Latin man 28 To prove CBS wrong the couple developed a vaudeville act written by Carroll and Pugh that they performed at Newburgh NY s historic Ritz Theater with Arnaz s orchestra 29 The act was a hit and convinced CBS executive Harry Ackerman that a Ball Arnaz pairing would be a worthwhile venture At the same time rival networks NBC ABC and DuMont were showing interest in a Ball Arnaz series which Ackerman used to convince CBS to sign the duo A pilot was ordered and kinescoped in Hollywood in March 1951 which coincided with Ball s first pregnancy and the ending of Husband which aired its last radio show on March 31 1951 Ball and Arnaz used the same radio team of Oppenheimer Pugh and Carroll to create the television series that was named I Love Lucy The couple s agent Don Sharpe brought the pilot to several advertising agencies with little luck but finally succeeded with the Milton H Biow agency Biow s agency presented the pilot to its clients and was able to convince cigarette giant Philip Morris to sponsor the show 30 Production Edit This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources I Love Lucy news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message During the spring and summer of 1951 I Love Lucy moved into production Oppenheimer Pugh and Carroll began fine tuning the premise of the show and writing the series first scripts The trio chose to adapt many storylines for television using the backlog of episodes of My Favorite Husband In addition the series ensemble cast and crew were assembled Arnaz retained his orchestra which was used in the series musical numbers and to score the show s background and transitional music Arnaz s childhood friend Marco Rizo arranged the music and played the piano for the show while Wilbur Hatch was used to conduct the orchestra 31 Lucille Ball with John Wayne on the set of the 1955 episode Lucy and John Wayne Two problems arose after Philip Morris signed on to sponsor the show that would ultimately change the fate of I Love Lucy Ball and Arnaz had originally decided that the series would air on a biweekly basis much like The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show Philip Morris however was insistent that the show air weekly thus diminishing the possibility of Ball continuing her film career alongside a television show 32 Another problem lay in the fact that Philip Morris wanted the series to originate from New York rather than Hollywood At the time most television shows were produced from New York with live broadcasts of the show airing for eastern and Midwest audiences West Coast viewers were able to view live programs only through low quality kinescopes which derived their images by using a 35 mm or 16 mm film camera to record the show from a television monitor 33 Although the pilot film shown to Philip Morris had been a kinescope the sponsor did not want the lucrative East Coast market accustomed to quality broadcasts to see a low quality kinescope film 33 Owing to the impending birth of their first child both Ball and Arnaz insisted on staying in Hollywood and producing the show on film something a few Hollywood based series had begun to do 34 Both CBS and Philip Morris initially balked at the idea because of the higher cost that filming the show would incur yet acquiesced only after the couple offered to take a 1 000 a week pay cut in order to cover the additional expense 35 In exchange Ball and Arnaz demanded and were given 80 ownership in the I Love Lucy films the other 20 went to Oppenheimer who then gave 5 to Pugh and 5 to Carroll citation needed Shooting the show on film however would require that Ball and Arnaz become responsible for producing the series themselves Union agreements at the time stipulated that any production filmed in a studio use film studio employees CBS staff were television and radio employees and thus fell under different union agreements Thus Arnaz reorganized the company he created to manage his orchestra bookings and used it as the corporation that would produce the I Love Lucy shows The company was named Desilu from the combination of both their first names Desi and Lucille original research Though some television series were already being filmed in Hollywood most used the single camera format familiar from movies with a laugh track added to comedies to simulate audience response Ball wanted to work in front of a live audience to create the kind of comic energy she had displayed on radio 36 The idea of a film studio that could accommodate an audience was a new one for the time as fire safety regulations made it difficult to allow an audience in a studio Arnaz and Oppenheimer found the financially struggling General Service Studios located on Las Palmas Avenue in Hollywood Studio owner Jimmy Nasser was eager to accommodate the Desilu company and allowed them with financial backing of CBS to renovate two of his studios so that they could accommodate an audience and be in compliance with local fire laws 37 38 Cinematographer Karl Freund 1932 Another component to filming the show came when it was decided to use three 35 mm film cameras to simultaneously film the show The idea had been pioneered by Jerry Fairbanks and had been used on the live anthology series The Silver Theater and on the game show Truth or Consequences as well as subsequently Amos n Andy as a way to save money though Amos n Andy did not use an audience Edwards s assistant Al Simon was hired by Desilu to help perfect the new technique for the series The process lent itself to the Lucy production as it eliminated the problem of requiring an audience to view and react to a scene three or four times in order for all necessary shots to be filmed Multiple cameras would also allow scenes to be performed in sequence as a play would be which was unusual at the time for filmed series Retakes were rare and dialogue mistakes were often played off for the sake of continuity citation needed Ball and Arnaz enlisted the services of Karl Freund a cinematographer who had worked on such films as Metropolis 1927 Dracula 1931 The Good Earth 1937 and DuBarry Was a Lady 1943 which also starred Ball as well as directing The Mummy 1932 to be the series cinematographer Although at first Freund did not want anything to do with television it was the personal plea of the couple that convinced him to take the job 33 Freund was instrumental in developing a way to uniformly light the set so that each of the three cameras would pick up the same quality of image Freund noted that a typical episode 20 22 min was shot in about 60 minutes with one constant concern being the shades of gray contrast in the final print as each stage of transmission and broadcast would exaggerate the contrast 39 Freund also pioneered flat lighting in which everything is brightly lit to eliminate shadows and the need for endless relighting 40 41 Audience reactions were live which created a more authentic laugh than the canned laughter used on most filmed sitcoms of the time Regular audience members were sometimes heard from episode to episode and Arnaz s distinctive laugh could be heard in the background during scenes in which he did not perform as well as Ball s mother DeDe whose distinctive uh oh could be heard in many of the episodes In later years CBS would devise a laugh track from several I Love Lucy audiences and use them for canned laughter on shows done without a live audience citation needed I Love Lucy s pioneering use of three cameras led to it becoming the standard technique for the production of most sitcoms filmed in front of an audience 42 Single camera setups remained the technique of choice for sitcoms that did not use audiences This led to an unexpected benefit for Desilu during the series second season when it was discovered that Ball was pregnant Not being able to fulfill the show s 39 episode commitment both Desi and Oppenheimer decided to rebroadcast popular episodes of the series first season to help give Ball the necessary rest she needed after she gave birth effectively allowing fewer episodes to be filmed that season Unexpectedly the rebroadcasts proved to be ratings winners effectively giving birth to the rerun which would later lead to the profitable development of the rerun syndication market 43 The show s original opening and commercial bumpers were animated caricatures of Ball and Arnaz They were designed and animated by MGM character designer and future Flintstones cartoonist Gene Hazelton 1917 2005 and were produced under a contract producer William Hanna had secured privately 44 45 The program sponsor Philip Morris cigarettes was incorporated into many of these sequences so when I Love Lucy went into repeats they were replaced by the now familiar heart logo However Hazelton s original animation survives and can be seen in the DVD boxed set as originally presented citation needed Desilu Productions jointly owned by Ball and Arnaz would gradually expand to produce and lease studio space for many other shows For seasons 1 and 2 1951 1953 Desilu rented space and filmed I Love Lucy at General Service Studios which eventually became known as Hollywood Center Studios In 1953 it leased the Motion Picture Center at 846 Cahuenga Blvd in Hollywood renaming it Desilu Studios to shoot seasons 3 6 1953 1957 of I Love Lucy After 1956 it became known as Desilu Cahuenga Studios to avoid confusion with other acquired Desilu locations In an effort to keep up with the studio s growth and need for additional sound stages Arnaz and Ball purchased RKO Radio Pictures from General Tire in 1957 for over 6 million effectively owning the studio where they had started as contract players Desilu acquired RKO s two studio complexes located on Gower Street in Hollywood and in Culver City now part of the Paramount lot and Culver Studios respectively along with the Culver City back lot nicknamed Forty Acres The sale was achieved by the duo selling their ownership of the once thought worthless I Love Lucy films back to CBS for over four million dollars citation needed In 1962 two years after their marriage dissolved Ball bought out Arnaz s shares of Desilu becoming the studio s sole owner She eventually sold off Desilu in 1967 to Gulf Western owners of Paramount Pictures 46 After the sale Desilu Cahuenga became a private production company and was known as Ren Mar Studios till 2010 when it was acquired by the Red Digital Cinema Camera Company and renamed Red Studios Hollywood 47 The Mertzes Edit This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources I Love Lucy news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message As with My Favorite Husband Lucy writers decided that the Ricardos needed an older couple to play off of While performing in Husband veteran character actors Gale Gordon and Bea Benaderet had played Rudolph and Iris Atterbury an older more financially stable couple as Mr Atterbury had been George Cooper s boss Ball had initially wanted both actors to reprise their roles on television however both were unavailable at the time the show went into production as Benaderet was already playing Blanche Morton on The Burns and Allen Show and Gordon was under contract by CBS to play Mr Conklin on both the radio and television versions of Our Miss Brooks William Frawley in 1951 Casting the Mertzes as they were now called the surname taken from a doctor that Lucy scriptwriter Madelyn Pugh knew as a child in Indianapolis proved to be a challenge Ball had initially wanted character actor James Gleason with whom she appeared in the Columbia Pictures film Miss Grant Takes Richmond 1949 to play Fred Mertz However Gleason wanted nearly 3 500 per episode to play the role a price that was far too high to sustain 48 Sixty four year old William Frawley a seasoned vaudevillian and movie character actor with nearly 100 film credits to his name was a long shot to play Fred Mertz and only came into consideration after he telephoned Ball personally to ask if there was a role for him on her new show Ball who had only briefly known Frawley from her days at RKO suggested him to both Arnaz and CBS The network objected to the idea of casting Frawley fearing that his excessive drinking which was well known in Hollywood 48 would interfere with a commitment to a live show Arnaz nonetheless liked Frawley and lobbied hard for him to have the role even to the point of having Lucy scribes re tailor the role of Fred Mertz to be a less financially successful and more curmudgeonly in contrast to Gordon s Mr Atterbury character to fit Frawley s persona CBS relented only after Arnaz contractually bound Frawley to complete sobriety during the production of the show and reportedly told the veteran actor that if he ever appeared on set more than once in an intoxicated state he would be fired 48 Not once during Lucy s nine seasons did Frawley s drinking ever interfere with his performance and over time Arnaz became one of Frawley s few close friends Vivian Vance in 1948 The Ethel Mertz character also took quite some time to pin down an actress suitable for the role Since Lucy s Husband co star Bea Benaderet was not available Mary Wickes a longtime friend was offered the role but declined because she did not want to strain her friendship with Ball Actress Barbara Pepper who was a close friend of Ball was also considered for the role The two had a long history together as Pepper had been one of the Goldwyn Girls who came to Hollywood with Lucy in 1933 Pepper was ruled out by Ball and Arnaz because she too had a drinking problem like Frawley 49 Vivian Vance became a consideration on the recommendation of Lucy director Marc Daniels Daniels had worked with Vance in New York on Broadway in the early 1940s Vance had already been a successful stage star performing on Broadway for nearly 20 years in a variety of plays and in addition after relocating to Hollywood in the late 1940s had two film roles to her credit Nonetheless by 1951 she was still a relatively unknown actress in Hollywood Vance was performing in a revival of the play The Voice of the Turtle in La Jolla California Arnaz and Jess Oppenheimer went to see her in the play and hired her on the spot 50 Vance was reluctant about giving up her film and stage work for a television show yet was convinced by Daniels that it would be a big break in her career Ball however had many misgivings about hiring Vance who was younger and far more attractive than the concept of Ethel as an older somewhat homely woman Vance was just 2 years older than Ball Ball was also a believer in the Hollywood adage at the time that there should be only one pretty woman on the set and Ball being the star of the show was it Arnaz however was impressed by Vance s work and hired her The decision was then made to dress Vance in frumpier clothing to tone down her attractiveness Ball and Vance s relationship during the series early beginnings was lukewarm at best Eventually realizing that Vance was no threat and was very professional Ball began to warm to her In 1954 Vance became the first actress to win an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress Vance and Ball developed a close lifelong friendship with Ball frequently listening to Vance s input during episode productions In 1962 after the end of I Love Lucy Ball would ask Vance to co star in her new series The Lucy Show original research Vance and Frawley s off screen relationship was less successful In spite of this they were always professional and exhibited exceptional chemistry while performing on the show Frawley derisively described Vance s appearance as a sack of doorknobs 51 It was reported that Vance who was 22 years younger than Frawley was not really keen on the idea that her character Ethel was married to a man that was old enough to be her father Vance also complained that Frawley s song and dance skills were not what they once were Frawley and Vance had an adversarial relationship during the entire run of the show 52 Desi Arnaz Lucille Ball Vivian Vance and William Frawley from the 1955 episode Face to Face In 1957 I Love Lucy was re tailored into an hour long show originally titled The Lucille Ball Desi Arnaz Show that was to be part of an anthology series called the Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse The hour long Lucy Desi show was to alternate on a monthly basis with other hour long Playhouse shows The new series put a much heavier emphasis on big name guest stars as being part of the plot and although the Mertz characters continued into the new series their roles became somewhat diminished Although a lighter workload was welcomed by Frawley Vance came to somewhat resent the change Arnaz in an effort to please Vance for whom he had much respect proposed doing a spin off from I Love Lucy called The Mertzes Seeing a lucrative opportunity and the chance to star in his own show Frawley was enthused Vance however declined for a number of reasons the biggest factor being that she felt she and Frawley could barely work together on the ensemble show they were doing at the time so it would be much less likely the two could work together on their own series Vance also felt that the Mertz characters would not be as successful without the Ricardos to play off of and despite being her biggest success she was becoming interested in playing more glamorous roles rather than Ethel During the thirteen episode run of the Lucy Desi hour long shows Vance was given a lot more latitude to look more attractive as Ethel Mertz something she was denied during the run of the I Love Lucy episodes Frawley s resentment of Vance intensified after she declined to do the spin off show and the two rarely talked to each other outside of their characters dialogue with one another Pregnancy and Little Ricky Edit Just before filming the show Ball and Arnaz learned that she was once again pregnant after multiple miscarriages earlier in their marriage with their first child Lucie Arnaz They filmed the original pilot while Lucy was showing but did not include any references to the pregnancy in the episode This was because CBS thought that talk of pregnancy might be in bad taste and because an ad agency told Arnaz not to show a pregnant woman 53 Later during the second season Ball was pregnant again with second child Desi Arnaz Jr and this time the pregnancy was incorporated into the series storyline Contrary to popular belief Ball s pregnancy was not television s first on screen pregnancy a distinction belonging to Mary Kay Stearns on the late 1940s sitcom Mary Kay and Johnny Lucy and Superman 1957 CBS would not allow I Love Lucy to use the word pregnant so expecting was used instead 54 In addition sponsor Philip Morris made the request that Ball not be seen smoking during the pregnancy episodes 55 The episode Lucy Is Enceinte first aired on December 8 1952 enceinte being French for expecting or pregnant One week later on December 15 1952 the episode titled Pregnant Women Are Unpredictable was aired although the show never displayed episode titles on the air The episode in which Lucy Ricardo gives birth Lucy Goes to the Hospital first aired on January 19 1953 which was the day before the inauguration of Dwight Eisenhower as President of the United States To increase the publicity of this episode the original air date was chosen to coincide with Ball s real life delivery of Desi Jr by Caesarean section 11 Lucy Goes to the Hospital was watched by more people than any other television program up to that time with 71 7 of all American television sets tuned in topping the 67 7 rating for the inauguration coverage the following morning Unlike some programs that advance the age of a newborn over a short period I Love Lucy at first allowed the Ricardos son Little Ricky to grow up in real time America saw Little Ricky as an infant in the 1952 53 season and a toddler from 1953 to 1956 However for the 1956 57 season Little Ricky suddenly aged by two years becoming a young school age boy from 1956 to 1960 Five actors played the role two sets of twins and later Keith Thibodeaux whose stage name when playing Ricky Ricardo Jr was Richard Keith In Lucy and Superman Little Ricky is mentioned as being five years old but it had been less than four years since the airing of Lucy Goes to the Hospital Jess Oppenheimer stated in his memoir Laughs Luck and Lucy How I Came to Create the Most Popular Sitcom of All Time that the initial plan was to match the sex of the Ricardo s baby with Ball s real baby inserting one of two alternate endings into the broadcast print at the last minute When logistical difficulties convinced Oppenheimer to abandon this plan he advised Desi Arnaz that as head writer he would have Lucy Ricardo give birth to a boy Desi Arnaz agreed telling Oppenheimer that Ball had already given him one girl and might give him another this might be his only chance to get a son When the baby boy was born Desi Arnaz immediately called Oppenheimer and told him Lucy followed your script Ain t she something to which Oppenheimer replied Terrific That makes me the greatest writer in the world 56 Opening Edit This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources I Love Lucy news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Shot of the opening animation used in season one s first 20 episodes one of at least 13 opening animations 57 58 The opening familiar to most viewers featuring the credits superimposed over a heart on satin image was created specifically for the 1959 67 CBS daytime network rebroadcasts and subsequent syndication As originally broadcast the episodes opened with animated matchstick figures of Arnaz and Ball making reference to whoever the particular episode s sponsor was These sequences were created by the animation team of William Hanna and Joseph Barbera who declined screen credit because they were technically under exclusive contract to MGM at the time The original sponsor was cigarette maker Philip Morris so the program opened with a cartoon of Lucy and Ricky climbing down a pack of Philip Morris cigarettes In the early episodes Lucy and Ricky as well as Ethel and Fred on occasion were shown smoking Philip Morris cigarettes Lucy even went so far as to parody Johnny Roventini s image as the Philip Morris bellhop in the May 5 1952 episode Lucy Does a TV Commercial Since the original sponsor references were no longer appropriate when the shows went into syndication a new opening was needed which resulted in the classic heart on satin opening Other sponsors whose products appeared during the original openings were Procter amp Gamble for Cheer and Lilt Home Permanent 1954 57 General Foods for Sanka 1955 57 and Ford Motor Company 1956 57 The later Lucille Ball Desi Arnaz Show was sponsored by Ford Motor Company 1957 58 and Westinghouse Electric Corporation 1958 60 as part of the Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse The original openings with the sponsor names edited out were revived on TV Land showings with a TV Land logo superimposed to obscure the original sponsor s logo However this has led some people to believe that the restored introduction was created specifically for TV Land as an example of kitsch The animated openings along with the middle commercial introductory animations are included fully restored in the DVDs However the openings are listed as special features within the disks with the heart on satin image opening the actual episodes The complete original broadcast versions of Seasons 1 and 2 as seen in 1951 1953 with intros closings and all commercials are included on their respective Ultimate Season Blu ray editions Theme song Edit The I Love Lucy theme song was written by two time Oscar nominee Eliot Daniel 59 Lyrics were later written by five time Oscar nominee Harold Adamson for Desi Arnaz to sing in the 1953 episode Lucy s Last Birthday 60 I love Lucy and she loves me We re as happy as two can be Sometimes we quarrel but thenHow we love making up again Lucy kisses like no one can She s my missus and I m her man And life is heaven you see Cause I love Lucy Yes I love Lucy and Lucy loves me I Love Lucy sung by Desi Arnaz with Paul Weston and the Norman Luboff Choir was released as the B side of There s A Brand New Baby At Our House by Columbia Records catalog number 39937 in 1953 61 The song was covered by Michael Franks on the album Dragonfly Summer 1993 In 1977 the Wilton Place Street Band had a Top 40 hit with a disco version of the theme Disco Lucy 62 Episodes EditMain article List of I Love Lucy episodes SeriesSeasonEpisodesOriginally airedRankRatingHouseholds millions First airedLast airedI Love Lucy135October 15 1951 1951 10 15 June 9 1952 1952 06 09 350 97 78 63 231September 15 1952 1952 09 15 June 29 1953 1953 06 29 167 313 72 64 331October 5 1953 1953 10 05 May 24 1954 1954 05 24 158 815 28 65 430October 4 1954 1954 10 04 May 30 1955 1955 05 30 149 315 13 66 526October 3 1955 1955 10 03 May 14 1956 1956 05 14 246 116 08 67 627October 1 1956 1956 10 01 May 6 1957 1957 05 06 143 716 99 68 The Lucy Desi Comedy Hour15November 6 1957 1957 11 06 April 14 1958 1958 04 14 25October 6 1958 1958 10 06 June 5 1959 1959 06 05 33September 25 1959 1959 09 25 April 1 1960 1960 04 01 Broadcast history Edit I Love Lucy aired Mondays from 9 00 to 9 30 PM ET on CBS for its entire first run Each year during its summer hiatus its timeslot was occupied by various summer replacement series Beginning in April 1955 CBS added reruns from the show s early years to its early evening weekend schedule This would be the first of several occasions when I Love Lucy reruns would become part of CBS s evening prime time and later on daytime schedules 69 In fall 1967 CBS began offering the series in off network syndication As of August 2017 update the reruns air on the Hallmark Channel and MeTV networks and scores of television stations in the U S and around the world including Fox s KTTV KCOP in Los Angeles until December 31 2018 It is currently on Paramount In addition CBS has run numerous specials including a succession of annual specials which feature episodes which have been newly colorized On February 14 2023 Pluto TV launched a 24 hour I Love Lucy channel in the United States 70 Nielsen ratings Edit The episode Lucy Goes to the Hospital which first aired on Monday January 19 1953 garnered a then record rating of 71 7 meaning that 71 7 of all households with television sets were tuned to the program the equivalent of some 44 million viewers 71 That record is surpassed only by Elvis Presley s first of three appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show which aired on September 9 1956 82 6 share 60 710 million viewers and a 57 1 rating 71 The overall rating of 67 3 for the entire 1952 season of I Love Lucy continues to be the highest average rating for any single season of a TV show 72 Primetime Emmy Awards and nominations Edit1952Best Comedy Show Nominated Winner The Red Skelton Hour 1953Best Situation Comedy Won Best Comedienne Lucille Ball Won1954Best Female Star of a Regular Series Lucille Ball Nominated Winner Eve Arden for Our Miss Brooks Best Series Supporting Actor William Frawley Nominated Winner Art Carney for The Jackie Gleason Show Best Series Supporting Actress Vivian Vance Won Best Situation Comedy Won1955Best Actress Starring in a Regular Series Lucille Ball Nominated Winner Loretta Young for The Loretta Young Show Best Situation Comedy Series Nominated Winner The Danny Thomas Show Best Supporting Actor in a Regular Series William Frawley Nominated Winner Art Carney for The Jackie Gleason Show Best Supporting Actress in a Regular Series Vivian Vance Nominated Winner Audrey Meadows for The Jackie Gleason Show Best Written Comedy Material Jess Oppenheimer Bob Carroll Jr and Madelyn Davis Nominated Winners James B Allardice Jack Douglas Hal Kanter and Harry Winkler for The George Gobel Show 1956Best Actor in a Supporting Role William Frawley Nominated Winner Art Carney for The Honeymooners Best Actress Continuing Performance Lucille Ball Won Best Comedy Writing Jess Oppenheimer Madelyn Davis Bob Carroll Jr Bob Schiller and Bob Weiskopf for L A at Last Nominated Winners Nat Hiken Barry E Blitzer Arnold M Auerbach Harvey Orkin Vin Bogert Arnie Rosen Coleman Jacoby Tony Webster and Terry Ryan for The Phil Silvers Show You ll Never Get Rich 1957Best Continuing Performance by a Comedienne in a Series Lucille Ball Nominated Winner Nanette Fabray for Caesar s Hour Best Supporting Performance by an Actor William Frawley Nominated Winner Carl Reiner for Caesar s Hour Best Supporting Performance by an Actress Vivian Vance Nominated Winner Pat Carroll for Caesar s Hour 1958Best Continuing Performance Female in a Series by a Comedienne Singer Hostess Dancer M C Announcer Narrator Panelist or any Person who Essentially Plays Herself Lucille Ball Nominated Winner Dinah Shore for The Dinah Shore Show Best Continuing Supporting Performance by an Actor in a Dramatic or Comedy Series William Frawley Nominated Winner Carl Reiner for Caesar s Hour Best Continuing Supporting Performance by an Actress in a Dramatic or Comedy Series Vivian Vance Nominated Winner Ann B Davis for The Bob Cummings Show In other media EditRadio Edit There was some thought about creating an I Love Lucy radio show to run in conjunction with the television series as was being done at the time with the CBS hit show Our Miss Brooks On February 27 1952 a sample I Love Lucy radio show was produced but it never aired This was a pilot episode created by editing the soundtrack of the television episode Breaking the Lease with added Arnaz narration in character as Ricky Ricardo It included commercials for Philip Morris which sponsored the television series While it never aired on radio at the time in the 1950s Philip Morris eventually sponsored a radio edition of My Little Margie instead copies of this radio pilot episode have been circulating among old time radio collectors for years and this radio pilot episode has aired in more recent decades on numerous local radio stations that air some old time radio programming 73 Merchandise Edit Ball and Arnaz authorized various types of I Love Lucy merchandise Beginning in November 1952 I Love Lucy dolls manufactured by the American Character Doll Company 74 were sold Adult size I Love Lucy pajamas and a bedroom set were also produced all of these items appeared on the show I Love Lucy doll I Love Lucy bedroom set I Love Lucy pajamasComic book and comic strip Edit Dell Comics published 35 issues of an I Love Lucy comic book between 1954 and 1962 including two try out Four Color issues 535 and 559 King Features syndicated a comic strip written by Lawrence Nadel and drawn by Bob Oksner jointly credited as Bob Lawrence from 1952 to 1955 75 76 Eternity Comics in the early 1990s issued comic books that reprinted the strip and Dell comic book series After I Love Lucy EditMain article The Lucy Desi Comedy Hour This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources I Love Lucy news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Hour long format Edit The first 1 hour episode Lucy Takes a Cruise to Havana is an extended flashback of how Lucy met Ricky L R Ann Sothern Rudy Vallee Lucille Ball Desi Arnaz Cesar Romero Vivian Vance and William Frawley 1957 After the conclusion of the sixth season of I Love Lucy the Arnazes decided to cut down on the number of episodes that were filmed Renamed The Lucille Ball Desi Arnaz Show also known as The Lucy Desi Comedy Hour the program was extended to an hour and included guest stars in each episode Thirteen episodes aired from 1957 to 1960 The main cast Lucille Ball Desi Arnaz Vivian Vance William Frawley and Little Ricky Richard Keith birth name Keith Thibodeaux were all in the show The Lucy Desi Comedy Hour is available on DVD released as I Love Lucy The Final Seasons 7 8 amp 9 On March 2 1960 Arnaz s birthday the day after the last hour long episode was filmed Ball filed for divorce from Arnaz citation needed Vivian Vance and William Frawley Edit As previously mentioned Vance and Frawley were offered a chance to take their characters to their own spin off series Frawley was willing but Vance refused to ever work with Frawley again since the two did not get along Frawley did appear once more with Lucille Ball in an episode of The Lucy Show in 1965 which did not include Vance who by then had ceased to be a regular on that show This was his last screen appearance with Ball Frawley died in Hollywood on March 3 1966 of a heart attack at age 79 Lucille Ball s subsequent network shows Edit In 1962 Ball began a six year run with The Lucy Show followed immediately in 1968 by six more years on a third sitcom Here s Lucy ending her regular appearances on CBS in 1974 Both The Lucy Show and Here s Lucy included Vance as recurring characters named Viv Vivian Bagley Bunson on The Lucy Show and Vivian Jones on Here s Lucy so named because she was tired of being recognized on the street and addressed as Ethel Vance was a regular during the first three seasons of The Lucy Show but continued to make guest appearances through the years on The Lucy Show and on Here s Lucy In 1977 Vance and Ball were reunited one last time in the CBS special Lucy Calls the President 77 which co starred Gale Gordon whom Ball had known for very many years by 1977 and who had appeared as a regular on her television shows since 1963 becoming even more prominent once Vance left The Lucy Show in 1965 In 1986 Ball tried another sitcom Life with Lucy The series debuted on ABC to solid ratings landing in Nielsen s Top 25 for the week Its ratings quickly declined however and resulted in a cancellation after eight episodes Legacy critical acclaim and other honors Edit In 1989 the never seen pilot episode was discovered and revealed in a CBS television special hosted by Lucie Arnaz becoming the highest rated program of the season In 2012 Emily VanDerWerff of The A V Club wrote retrospectively 78 I Love Lucy is one of the two foundational texts of American TV comedy along with The Honeymooners The series is legitimately the most influential in TV history pioneering so many innovations and normalizing so many others that it would be easy to write an appreciation of simply say the show s accidental invention of the TV rerun I Love Lucy continues to be held in high esteem by television critics and remains perennially popular It was one of the first American programs seen on British television which became more open to commerce with the September 1955 launch of ITV a commercial network that aired the series in 1982 the launch of a second terrestrial TV station devoted to advertising funded broadcasting Channel 4 saw the show introduced to a new generation of fans in the UK with the Channel 4 network repeating the program several times between 1983 and 1994 As of January 2015 meanwhile it remains the longest running program to air continuously in the Los Angeles area almost 60 years after production ended However the series is currently aired on KTTV on weekends and now KCOP on weekdays because both stations are a duopoly KTTV was the original CBS affiliated station in Los Angeles until 1951 just before I Love Lucy premiered on KNXT Channel 2 now KCBS TV when CBS bought that station the same year In the US reruns have aired nationally on TBS 1980s 1990s Nick at Nite 1994 2001 and TV Land 2001 2008 in addition to local channels TV Land ended its run of the series by giving viewers the opportunity to vote on the show s top 25 greatest episodes on December 31 2008 through the network s website Unlike some shows to which a cable channel is given exclusive rights to maximize ratings I Love Lucy has been consistently broadcast on multiple channels simultaneously Hallmark Channel is now the home for I Love Lucy in the United States with the show having moved to the network on January 2 2009 while the national version of Weigel Broadcasting s MeTV digital subchannel network has carried the program since its debut on December 15 2010 depending on the market in markets where another station holds the rights The Lucy Show is substituted The show is seen on Fox Classics in Australia In addition to Primetime Emmy Awards and nominations I Love Lucy s many honors include the following The Lucille Ball Desi Arnaz Center in Jamestown New York is a museum memorializing Lucy and I Love Lucy including replicas of the NYC apartment set located in the Desilu Playhouse facility in the Rapaport Center 79 In 1990 I Love Lucy became the first television show to be inducted into the Television Hall of Fame 80 In 1997 the episodes Lucy Does a TV Commercial and Lucy s Italian Movie were respectively ranked No 2 and No 18 on TV Guide s list of the 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time 81 In 1999 Entertainment Weekly ranked the birth of Little Ricky as the fifth greatest moment in television history 82 In 2002 TV Guide ranked I Love Lucy No 2 on its list of the 50 greatest shows behind Seinfeld and ahead of The Honeymooners 83 According to TV Guide columnist Matt Roush there was a passionate internal debate about whether I Love Lucy should have been first instead of Seinfeld He stated that this was the main source of controversy in putting together the list 84 In 2007 Time magazine placed the show on its unranked list of the 100 best television shows 85 In 2012 I Love Lucy was ranked the Best TV Comedy and the Best TV Show in Best in TV The Greatest TV Shows of Our Time 86 In 2013 TV Guide ranked I Love Lucy as the third greatest show of all time 87 A 2015 The Hollywood Reporter survey of 2 800 actors producers directors and other industry people named I Love Lucy as their 8 favorite show 88 Documentary and dramatizations Edit On April 28 1990 CBS aired a television movie titled I Love Lucy The Very First Show hosted by Lucie Arnaz daughter of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz with commentary that showed the original unaired pilot episode of I Love Lucy that was produced by Ball and Desi Arnaz themselves and found after 40 years The movie was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award as an Outstanding Informational Special 89 90 On February 10 1991 CBS aired a television movie titled Lucy amp Desi Before the Laughter about the lives of Ball and Desi Arnaz The movie recreated a number of scenes from classic I Love Lucy episodes including Lucy Thinks Ricky Is Trying to Murder Her and Lucy Does a TV Commercial Frances Fisher starred as Ball and Maurice Benard as Desi Arnaz 91 On May 4 2003 CBS aired a television movie titled Lucy portraying the life of Ball and recreating a number of scenes from classic I Love Lucy episodes including Lucy Does a TV Commercial Lucy Is Enceinte and Job Switching Near the end of the movie a selection of TV Guide covers is seen in a hallway showing I Love Lucy franchises on their covers Also included is close up of a New York Post article about the birth of Little Ricky Rachel York starred as Ball and Danny Pino as Desi Arnaz 92 In October 2011 the stage play I Love Lucy Live on Stage premiered to sold out houses at the Greenway Court Theatre in Los Angeles Staged and directed by Rick Sparks the show featured the performance of two I Love Lucy episodes The Benefit and Lucy Has Her Eyes Examined presented to the theatre audience as though they were attending a filming at the Desilu Playhouse in the 1950s In 2012 the show began a national tour which lasted until 2015 93 In July 2018 I Love Lucy A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Sitcom a behind the scenes comedy about I Love Lucy by Gregg Oppenheimer son of series creator Jess Oppenheimer had its world premiere in a Los Angeles production by L A Theatre Works Recorded before a live audience at the James Bridges Theater UCLA the production directed by Michael Hackett aired on public radio and was released on Audio CD and as a downloadable mp3 in September of that year 94 The performance starred Sarah Drew as Ball Oscar Nunez as Desi Arnaz and Seamus Dever as Oppenheimer 95 A version by Jarvis amp Ayres Productions was aired in August 2020 on BBC Radio 4 starring Anne Heche as Ball Wilmer Valderamma as Desi Arnaz Jared Harris as Oppenheimer Stacy Keach as William Frawley and Alfred Molina as CBS Executive Harry Ackerman 48 In January 2023 L A Theatre Works mounted a 22 city U S national tour of the play under the title LUCY LOVES DESI A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Sitcom 96 In the spring of 2020 NBC s sitcom Will amp Grace paid tribute to I Love Lucy with a special episode titled We Love Lucy 97 During the episode Lucy and Ricky Ricardo along with Ethel and Fred Mertz appear in dream sequences based on scenes from the 1951 CBS series Lucie Arnaz made a cameo in the episode in the role originated in the Job Switching episode by actress Elvia Allman as the Factory Foreperson 98 In 2021 Being the Ricardos a film written and directed by Aaron Sorkin about the relationship between I Love Lucy stars Ball and Desi Arnaz was released Nicole Kidman and Javier Bardem star as Ball and Desi Arnaz while J K Simmons Nina Arianda Tony Hale Alia Shawkat Jake Lacy and Clark Gregg are featured in supporting roles It received a limited theatrical release by Amazon Studios in the United States on December 10 2021 prior to streaming worldwide on Prime Video on December 21 2021 99 Amy Poehler made the documentary Lucy and Desi which was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Documentary Nonfiction Program 100 In color Edit Lucy Goes to Scotland 1956 the first episode to be digitally colorized Several classic episodes of I Love Lucy have been colorized Star and producer Desi Arnaz had expressed interest in airing the show in color as early as 1955 but the cost of such a presentation was prohibitive at the time The first episode to be colorized was the Christmas special which had been feared to be lost for many years as it was not included in the regular syndication package with the rest of the series A copy was discovered in 1989 in the CBS vaults 101 and was aired by CBS during December of that year in its original black and white format In 1990 this episode was again aired in the days prior to Christmas but this time the framing sequence was in color while the clips from earlier episodes remained in black and white The special performed surprisingly well in the ratings during both years and aired on CBS each December through 1994 In 2007 as the Complete Series DVD set was being prepared for release DVD producer Gregg Oppenheimer decided to have the episode Lucy Goes to Scotland digitally colorized referencing color publicity stills and color home movies taken on the set during production making it the first I Love Lucy episode to be fully colorized Four years later Time Life released the Lucy s Italian Movie episode for the first time in full color as part of the Essential I Love Lucy collection The colorized Lucy Goes to Scotland episode has never aired on television but that episode along with the Christmas special and Lucy s Italian Movie were packaged together on the 2013 I Love Lucy Colorized Christmas DVD 102 In 2014 Target stores sold an exclusive version of the DVD that also included Job Switching 103 Annual colorized specials Edit On December 20 2013 CBS revived an annual holiday tradition when it reaired the Christmas special for the first time in nearly two decades The Christmas special s framing sequence was colorized anew The network paired this special with the color version of Lucy s Italian Movie episode 104 105 This special attracted 8 7 million people 106 Nearly a year later on December 7 2014 the Christmas special was again aired on CBS but this time paired with the popular episode Job Switching which was newly colorized for that broadcast 107 That episode appeared on the I Love Lucy The Ultimate Season 2 Blu ray edition released on August 4 2015 CBS aired the Christmas special again on December 23 2015 with the flashback scenes being colorized for the first time and with a colorized Lucy Does a TV Commercial replacing Job Switching 108 109 CBS next aired the Christmas special on December 2 2016 this time paired with the newly colorized Lucy Gets in Pictures 110 On December 22 2017 the Christmas episode was followed by a newly colorized episode The Fashion Show 111 On December 14 2018 the Christmas episode was paired with a newly colorized episode Pioneer Women 112 On May 17 2015 CBS began a new springtime tradition when it aired two newly colorized episodes in an I Love Lucy Superstar Special consisting of L A at Last and Lucy and Superman 113 which attracted 6 4 million viewers 114 A DVD of this special was released on October 4 2016 115 A second Superstar Special containing the newly colorized two part episode Lucy Visits Grauman s and Lucy and John Wayne aired on May 20 2016 116 and was released on DVD on January 17 2017 117 A third Superstar Special aired on May 19 2017 featuring two more newly colorized Hollywood based episodes The Dancing Star featuring Van Johnson and Harpo Marx 118 A two episode Funny Money Special was introduced on April 19 2019 featuring the episodes The Million Dollar Idea and Bonus Bucks both from early 1954 119 On December 20 2019 CBS aired its annual I Love Lucy Christmas episode along with a new colorized episode Paris At Last The I Love Lucy Christmas Special scored a 4 9 million in the ratings becoming the night s most watched show on television 120 Colorized feature film Edit On August 6 2019 Ball s would be 108th birthday a one night only event took place in movie theaters around the United States I Love Lucy A Colorized Celebration a feature film consisting of five colorized episodes three of which contain never before seen content The episodes included are The Million Dollar Idea 1954 Lucy Does a TV Commercial 1952 Pioneer Women 1952 Job Switching 1952 and L A at Last 1955 A short documentary on the colorization process of the episodes was also included 121 The film proved to be very successful grossing 777 645 from 660 theaters across the country coming in at 6 at the domestic box office and beating Disney s Aladdin 122 Home media EditBeginning in the summer of 2001 Columbia House Television began releasing I Love Lucy on DVD in chronological order They began that summer with the pilot and the first three episodes on a single DVD Every six weeks another volume of four episodes would be released on DVD in chronological order During the summer of 2002 each DVD would contain between five and seven episodes on a single DVD They continued to release the series very slowly and would not even begin to release any season 2 episodes until the middle of 2002 By the spring of 2003 the third season on DVD began to be released with about six episodes released every six weeks to mail order subscribers All these DVDs have the identical features as the DVDs eventually released in the season box sets in retail By the fall of 2003 season four episodes began to be offered by mail By the spring of 2004 season five DVDs with about six episodes each began to be released gradually Columbia House ended the distribution of these mail order DVDs in the Winter of 2005 They began releasing complete season sets in the Summer of 2004 every few months They stated that Columbia House Subscribers would get these episodes through mail before releasing any box sets with the same episodes They finally ended gradual subscriptions in 2005 several months before season 5 became available in retail Columbia House then began to make season box sets available instead of these single volumes CBS DVD distributed by Paramount has released all six seasons of I Love Lucy on DVD in Region 1 as well as all 13 episodes of The Lucy and Desi Comedy Hour as I Love Lucy The Final Seasons 7 8 amp 9 Bonus features include rare on set color footage and the Desilu Westinghouse promotional film as well as deleted scenes original openings and interstitials before they were altered or replaced for syndication and on air flubs These DVDs offered identical features and identical content to the mail order single sets formerly available until 2005 123 In December 2013 the first high definition release of I Love Lucy was announced with the Blu ray edition of the first season scheduled for May 5 2014 124 The Second Season Ultimate Blu ray was released on August 4 2015 Release Ep DVD release date Blu ray release dateThe Complete 1st Season 35 September 23 2003 re released June 7 2005 re released October 9 2012 May 6 2014The Complete 2nd Season 31 August 31 2004 re released October 9 2012 August 4 2015 125 The Complete 3rd Season 31 February 1 2005 re released October 9 2012 The Complete 4th Season 126 30 May 3 2005 re released October 9 2012 The Complete 5th Season 26 August 16 2005 re released November 6 2012 The Complete 6th Season 27 May 2 2006 re released November 6 2012 The Final Seasons 7 8 amp 9 13 March 13 2007 re released November 6 2012 The Complete Series 127 193 October 23 2007 re released November 3 2015 Other releases Edit I Love Lucy s Zany Road Trip California Here We Come a compilation of 27 episodes released by CBS FOX Video on VHS in 1992 128 I Love Lucy Season 1 9 separate discs labeled Volumes the first volume released July 2 2002 final volume released September 23 2003 I Love Lucy Season 1 9 Volumes in a box set released September 23 2003 I Love Lucy 50th Anniversary Special 1 disc released October 1 2002 I Love Lucy The Movie and Other Great Rarities 1 disc released April 27 2010 129 Also included as a bonus disc in the complete series set The Best of I Love Lucy 2 discs 14 episodes released in June 2011 in conjunction with the 60th anniversary of the series and Lucille Ball s 100th birthday sold exclusively through Target 130 The DVD releases feature the syndicated heart opening and offer the original broadcast openings as bonus features Season 6 allows viewers to choose whether to watch the episodes with the original opening or the syndicated opening The TV Land openings are not on these DVDs Initially the first season was offered in volumes with four episodes per disc After the success of releasing seasons 2 3 and 4 in slim packs the first season was re released as a seven disc set requiring new discs to be mastered and printed to include more episodes per disc so there would be fewer discs in the set For the complete series box set the first season would be redone again this time to six DVDs retaining all bonus features The individual volume discs for the first season are still in print but are rare for lack of shelf space and because the slim packs are more popular In 2012 all season sets were reissued in slipcovered clear standard sized Amaray DVD cases with season 1 being the 6 disc version as opposed to the 7 disc version Episodes feature English closed captioning but only Spanish subtitles In Australia and the UK the first three seasons were finally released in Region 2 amp Region 4 on August 3 2010 by CBS distributed by Paramount Season 1 includes the pilot and all 35 Season 1 episodes in a 7 disc set Season 2 includes all 31 Season 2 episodes in a 5 disc set Season 3 includes all 31 Season 3 episodes in a 5 disc set Season 2 and 3 are in a slimline pack All three seasons have been restored and digitally remastered All episodes appear in order of their original air dates although it states that some episodes may be edited from their original network versions It is unknown if the remaining seasons will be released individually A complete series box set titled I Love Lucy Complete Collection was scheduled for release on April 6 2016 and in the UK on May 30 2016 131 This collection contains 34 DVDs with all six seasons of I Love Lucy and all 13 episodes of The Lucy Desi Comedy Hour In September 2018 Time Life released a DVD Lucy The Ultimate Collection which collected 76 episodes of I Love Lucy The Lucy Desi Comedy Hour The Lucy Show Here s Lucy and the short lived ABC TV series Life with Lucy which had at the time never before been released to home media plus a wide variety of bonus features 132 133 A DVD collection I Love Lucy Colorized Collection was released on August 13 2019 It contains every colorized episode of I Love Lucy aired to date of the set s release date 134 Due to a delay or possible all out cancellation of any future colorized releases this means that Paris at Last which aired as part of the December 2019 edition of the Christmas Special after the colorized DVD collection had been released is the only colorized episode currently not to be available on home media See also Edit Television portal United States portal Comedy portal 1950s portalStatue of Lucille Ball Ricky song Notes Edit This total includes the lost Christmas episode but not the original pilot References Edit de Moraes Lisa April 16 2015 CBS Dusts Off And Colorizes I Love Lucy Episodes For May Sweep Tryout Deadline Archived from the original on April 17 2015 Retrieved October 1 2022 BBC Comedy Guide I Love Lucy Archived from the original on December 5 2004 DOSTIS MELANIE Looking back at I Love Lucy 64 years later nydailynews com Archived from the original on May 22 2020 Retrieved May 18 2020 I love Lucy 100 Years and Going Strong Videomaker August 5 2011 Archived from the original on July 26 2018 Retrieved July 26 2018 Elber Lynn August 5 2011 Legacy of I Love Lucy a force in comedy The Durango Herald Archived from the original on July 26 2018 Retrieved July 26 2018 I Love Lucy Goes Live Today s News Our Take TVGuide com September 14 2011 Archived from the original on September 15 2013 Retrieved November 22 2012 which owns the rights to the series still seen on TV by 40 million Americans each year Kozinn Allan December 23 2013 Viewers Found Much to Love in Lucy Christmas Show The New York Times Archived from the original on December 24 2013 Retrieved December 23 2013 I Love Lucy oldtimecooking com 2014 Archived from the original on April 5 2016 Retrieved March 7 2018 I Love Lucy Voted the Best TV Show of All Time ABC News Disney ABC Television Group September 18 2012 Archived from the original on November 18 2018 Retrieved July 16 2014 101 Best Written TV Series Writers Guild of America West June 2 2013 a b Birth of a Memo Time magazine January 26 1953 Archived from the original on June 18 2008 Retrieved January 16 2008 Carini Susan 2003 Love s Labors Almost Lost Managing Crisis during the Reign of I Love Lucy Cinema Journal 43 1 44 62 doi 10 1353 cj 2003 0022 JSTOR 1225930 S2CID 194068713 Landay Lori 1999 Millions Love Lucy Commodification and the Lucy Phenomenon NWSA 11 2 25 47 JSTOR 4316654 Filmography Barbara Pepper archived from the original on July 15 2015 retrieved October 16 2015 Lester Peter February 11 1980 Ask Her Anything About Desi Sr Divorce Drugs Gay Rights Lucy Ball Hasn t Become Bashful at 68 People Archived from the original on October 19 2018 Retrieved October 18 2018 Lumenick Lou October 18 2011 DVD Extra Loving Lucy Part 2 Columbia Pictures New York Post Archived from the original on October 20 2018 Retrieved October 20 2018 Shreve Jr Ivan G August 6 2018 Happy Birthday Lucille Ball Radio Classics Archived from the original on October 21 2018 Retrieved October 20 2018 Martin Pete February 12 2018 Lucille Ball The Making of a Comic The Saturday Evening Post Archived from the original on October 20 2018 Retrieved October 20 2018 I met Desi Arnaz at the RKO studio in May 1940 We were filming Too Many Girls the stage show in which Desi made his first big hit He asked me for a date that very night and pretty soon we were married Silverman Stephen M August 6 2011 Lucille Ball Lovingly Remembered on Her 100th Birthday People Archived from the original on October 20 2018 Retrieved October 20 2018 Marla Brooks 2005 The American family on television a chronology of 121 shows 1948 2004 McFarland amp Co p 25 a b Kanfer Stefan January 1 2003 Ball of Fire The Tumultuous Life and Comic Art of Lucille Ball Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group ISBN 978 1422350614 Archived from the original on August 5 2020 Retrieved May 8 2020 Sheridan James Monush Barry June 1 2011 Lucille Ball FAQ Everything Left to Know About America s Favorite Redhead Applause Theatre amp Cinema Books ISBN 978 1617740824 In the fall of 1938 Ball joined the cast of The Wonder Show which was headlined by Jack Haley A Forgotten Star Our State December 3 2012 Archived from the original on October 21 2018 Retrieved October 21 2018 In its day Kay Kyser s band scored 35 top 10 hits blazed across stages in Hollywood and New York hobnobbed with the likes of Bette Davis and Lucille Ball Atkin David J Abelman Robert 2011 The Televiewing Audience The Art and Science of Watching TV Hampton Press p 95 ISBN 9781433110542 CBS asked actress Lucille Ball to star in a radio sitcom called My Favorite Husband The program rose to popularity Top Grossers of 1949 Variety January 4 1950 p 59 The Top Box Office Hits of 1950 Variety January 3 1951 Sanders Coyne Gilbert Tom 1994 Desilu The Story of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz Harper Collins pp 23 25 ISBN 0 688 13514 5 Archived from the original on August 12 2020 Retrieved May 31 2017 a b Silver Allison August 16 2009 Sotomayor More Splainin to Do 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on October 18 2012 Retrieved November 22 2012 I Love Lucy Complete Collection DVD EzyDVD Archived from the original on March 13 2016 Retrieved March 13 2016 Robert Jay September 23 2018 New Lucille Ball DVD Collection Includes Life with Lucy Episodes TwoObscurities com Archived from the original on March 23 2019 Retrieved March 23 2018 Lucy The Ultimate 12 DVD Lucille Ball TV Series Collection Archived from the original on March 23 2019 Retrieved March 23 2019 I Love Lucy Colorized Collection Amazon Archived from the original on August 3 2019 Retrieved July 8 2019 Further reading EditGarner Joe 2002 Stay Tuned Television s Unforgettable Moments Andrews McMeel Publishing ISBN 0 7407 2693 5 Andrews Bart 1976 The I Love Lucy Book Doubleday amp Company Inc Sanders Coyne Steven Gilbert Tom 1993 Desilu The Story of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz William Morrow amp Company Inc McClay Michael 1995 I Love Lucy The Complete Picture History of the Most Popular TV Show Ever Kensington Publishing Corp Oppenheimer Jess with Oppenheimer Gregg 1996 Laughs Luck and Lucy How I Came to Create the Most Popular Sitcom of All Time Syracuse Univ Press ISBN 978 0 8156 0584 3 Perez Firmat Gustavo I Love Ricky in Life on the Hyphen The Cuban American Way Austin The University of Texas Press 1994 Rpt 1996 1999 Revised and expanded edition 2012 Perez Firmat Gustavo Cuba in Apt 3 B in The Havana Habit New Haven and London Yale University Press 2010 Karol Michael 2008 Lucy A to Z The Lucille Ball Encyclopedia iUniverse ISBN 978 0 5952 9761 0 Edelman Rob Kupferberg Audrey 1999 Meet the Mertzes Renaissance Books External links Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to I Love Lucy Wikimedia Commons has media related to I Love Lucy I Love Lucy at IMDb I Love Lucy at AllMovie I Love Lucy at The Interviews An Oral History of Television Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title I Love Lucy amp oldid 1160663320, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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